Comprehensive control method for bird strikes in airport areas

Abstract

The present invention provides a comprehensive control method for bird strikes in airport areas. First, the bird situation and ecological environment status of the airport area are investigated using traditional field survey methods. Through comprehensive evaluation, high-risk bird species around the airport are determined. Secondly, land use data in the airport area are obtained using tools, and the habitats of high-risk bird species are identified to determine the starting point and end point of the bird flight route. The construction of a flight resistance coefficient index system for high-risk bird species is completed to determine the resistance of different environmental factors to bird flight. At the same time, programming software is used to process airport area data information, calculate the bird flight resistance value, and determine the flight route of high-risk bird species around the airport. Finally, according to the distribution of key habitats of high-risk bird species around the airport and the flight route map, a comprehensive control method is adopted to start from aspects such as ecological environment control, flight avoidance measures, and physical bird repellent to achieve the effect of reducing the probability of bird strikes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of bird strike prevention and control, and more specifically to a comprehensive bird strike control method in an airport area. Background Art

[0002] Bird strike incidents refer to flight scratches or bird strike symptom safety accidents caused by collisions between aircraft and flying birds during takeoff, flight and landing. In particular, more and more bird strike incidents occur in airport flight areas and surrounding areas as well as during flights. Therefore, the incidence rate of bird strike incidents and the loss rate of bird strike disasters have been on a continuous upward trend in the past decade. Studies have shown that more than 90% of bird strike incidents occur at airports and their surroundings, and 50% of destructive and dangerous accidents occur within 30m during takeoff and landing.

[0003] With the rapid development of the global economy, my country's civil aviation industry has developed rapidly, and flight capacity has continued to increase. At the same time, bird strike rates, scratch rates and disaster rates have continued to rise, and the number of conflicts between birds and aircraft has increased. Not only civil aviation, but also military aviation has developed by leaps and bounds, with new aircraft models springing up like mushrooms after rain. With the increase in flight subjects and flight volume, bird strikes have also occurred frequently. In recent years, incidents of military aviation bird strikes in my country have begun to be reported to the public, and public attention has also begun to increase. According to preliminary statistics, from 1991 to 2017, there were 1,680 bird strikes in my country's civil aviation and more than 960 bird strikes in military aviation, causing huge economic losses.

[0004] The problem of bird strikes on aircraft involves multidisciplinary research such as ornithology, ecology, environmental science, aviation flight and airport environmental planning. It is an academic issue that spans industries and disciplines. Bird strike disasters have caused huge losses to countries around the world. Every year, the world loses tens of billions of yuan due to bird strikes, and even causes casualties and aircraft destruction. The bird strike problem not only causes huge losses to my country's civil aviation flights, but also seriously affects the normal training and combat effectiveness of military aircraft. Bird strikes have become the most important issue threatening the flight safety of my country's military and civil airports. In order to reduce the occurrence of bird strike disasters and ensure flight safety, domestic and foreign airports have adopted a series of prevention and control measures and achieved certain results, but there is still a long way to go to completely solve the problem of bird strike disasters. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide an airport bird-repellent department with a comprehensive bird strike control method for the airport area. Starting from the bird situation and ecological environment survey, the high-risk bird species at the airport are determined, and the key habitats and flight routes of the high-risk bird species in the airport area are determined by using a series of tools. Finally, based on the results obtained from the analysis, the airport bird-repellent department can formulate targeted control measures to reduce the probability of bird strikes at the airport.

[0006] The technical purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0007] The comprehensive bird strike control method in the airport area is carried out according to the following steps:

[0008] S1. Use traditional field survey methods to conduct field research on the airport and surrounding areas to obtain the current status of bird species and ecological environment in the airport area;

[0009] S2. Based on the survey results in S1, and in combination with the airport's aircraft take-off and landing points, inbound and outbound routes, and taxi routes, conduct a comprehensive assessment of high-risk bird species in the airport area and determine the airport's high-risk bird species;

[0010] S3. Obtain land use data in the airport area and identify key habitats of high-risk bird species. Determine the distribution of habitats of high-risk bird species at the airport and the starting and ending points of the flight routes of high-risk bird species through field surveys and verification.

[0011] S4. Based on the characteristics of bird habits and the impact of different environmental factors on bird flight, determine the flight resistance evaluation indicators of several high-risk bird species, build an airport high-risk bird species flight resistance coefficient index system, and use the hierarchical analysis method to determine the weight of each indicator;

[0012] S5. Use programming software to complete the processing of airport area data information, including airport area land use data, extraction of boundaries of different land use types, flight resistance values ​​of different plots to birds, and finally complete the determination of flight routes of high-risk bird species in the airport area;

[0013] S6. Based on the habitat distribution and flight routes of high-risk bird species obtained in S3 and S5, take targeted measures to reduce the probability of bird strikes in airport areas.

[0014] In S1, the bird situation and ecological environment status of the airport area include important data required by the airport bird repellent department, such as bird conditions, vegetation conditions, insect conditions, animal conditions and ecological environment conditions.

[0015] In S2, the indicators for comprehensive assessment of high-risk bird species in the airport area include but are not limited to the location of bird activity at the airport, the number of flocks, flight direction, flight altitude, weight, annual capture number, and bird species that have experienced collisions.

[0016] In S4, it includes: the constructed flight resistance coefficient index system for high-risk bird species, including the target layer, the intermediate layer and the index layer. The target layer is the resistance coefficient of a certain plot of land. The intermediate layer is the land suitability factor, the distance factor, and the foraging condition factor. The index layer is the land use type, noise, the distance from different land use types, the number of natural enemies, the abundance of food, and the concealment.

[0017] In S6, the targeted measures taken include but are not limited to ecological environment governance measures, flight avoidance measures, and physical bird repelling measures.

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention first uses traditional field survey methods to investigate the bird situation and ecological environment status of the airport area, and through comprehensive evaluation, determines the high-risk bird species around the airport. Secondly, tools are used to obtain land use data in the airport area, and the habitats of high-risk bird species are identified to determine the starting and end points of the bird flight routes, and complete the construction of the flight resistance coefficient index system of high-risk bird species, determine the resistance of different environmental factors to bird flight, and use programming software to process the airport area data information, calculate the bird flight resistance value, and determine the flight routes of high-risk bird species around the airport. Finally, according to the distribution of key habitats of high-risk bird species around the airport and the flight route map, a comprehensive management method is adopted to start from the aspects of ecological environment management, flight avoidance measures, physical bird repellent, etc., to achieve the effect of reducing the probability of bird strikes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of the comprehensive bird strike control method in airport areas. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention is further explained below through specific embodiments. It should be noted that regarding the airport environment and the prediction of the flight routes of related birds, the Chinese invention patent application "A method for predicting the flight routes of birds around airports based on Dijkstra algorithm" (application number 2021101693021, application date February 7, 2021) is quoted in full here.

[0021] The comprehensive bird strike control method in the airport area is carried out according to the following steps:

[0022] S1. Use traditional field survey methods to conduct on-site surveys of the airport and surrounding areas to obtain important data needed by the airport bird-scaring department, including bird conditions, vegetation conditions, insect conditions, animal conditions, and ecological environment conditions.

[0023] S2. Based on the survey results in S1, combined with the airport's aircraft take-off and landing points, inbound and outbound routes, and taxi routes, conduct a comprehensive assessment of high-risk bird species in the airport area to determine the airport's high-risk bird species.

[0024] S3. Use tools to obtain land use data in the airport area and identify key habitats of high-risk bird species. Through field surveys and verification, determine the habitat distribution of high-risk bird species at the airport and the starting and ending points of the flight routes of high-risk bird species.

[0025] S4. Based on the characteristics of bird habits and the impact of different environmental factors on bird flight, determine the flight resistance evaluation indicators of several high-risk bird species, build an airport high-risk bird species flight resistance coefficient indicator system, and use the hierarchical analysis method to determine the weight of each indicator.

[0026] S5. Use programming software to complete the processing of airport area data information, including airport area land use data, extraction of boundaries of different land use types, flight resistance values ​​of different plots to birds, and finally determine the flight routes of high-risk bird species in the airport area.

[0027] S6. Based on the habitat distribution and flight routes of high-risk bird species obtained in S3 and S5, take targeted measures to reduce the probability of bird strikes in airport areas.

[0028] In S1, the survey scope and survey method requirements in the "Guidelines for Surveys on Bird Situations and Ecological Environment at Civil Airports" (issued on September 21, 2010) can be referred to to conduct surveys on birds and the ecological environment within the airport flight area and the surrounding 8km to obtain data information.

[0029] In S2, when comprehensively assessing high-risk bird species in the airport area, seven indicators can be used, including the airport bird activity location, flock number, flight direction, flight altitude, weight, annual capture number, and bird species that have collided, to conduct a risk assessment of the birds appearing in the airport.

[0030] In S3, when obtaining the land use data of the airport area, it includes but is not limited to interpreting the remote sensing images of the study area using ENVI software. When identifying the key habitats of high-risk bird species, it includes but is not limited to using the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS software.

[0031] In S4, the bird flight resistance coefficient index system includes: target layer (resistance coefficient of a certain plot of land), intermediate layer (land suitability factors, distance factors, foraging conditions factors), and indicator layer (land use type, noise, distance from areas with different land use types, number of natural enemies, food abundance, and concealment).

[0032] In S5, when the programming software is used to complete the processing of the airport area data information, it includes but is not limited to using Matlab software.

[0033] In S6, targeted governance measures are taken, including but not limited to ecological environment governance measures, flight avoidance measures, and physical bird repellent measures.

[0034] Take an airport in Tianjin as an example. Tianjin is located in the eastern part of the North China Plain. It has a gentle terrain, is backed by the Yanshan Mountains in the north, and faces the Bohai Sea in the east. The altitude gradually decreases from north to south. It is the confluence of many rivers in the Haihe River Basin. Tianjin has a temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons. It is an important stopover and transit station for birds migrating from north to south. Tianjin has a variety of natural environments suitable for birds to inhabit, reproduce and forage. Among them, Beidagang Wetland, Qilihai Wetland, Tuanbowa Wetland, Dahuangbao Wetland, etc. attract a large number of birds every year, especially in the spring and autumn bird migration seasons, attracting millions of migratory birds to stop here. Birds need to consume a lot of energy during migration. In order to complete long-distance migration, most birds need to replenish food and accumulate energy in a series of stopovers to prepare for the next stage of migration. Therefore, stopovers with abundant food sources and excellent habitats play an important role for migratory birds.

[0035] The habitats in the airport flight area are mainly runways, lawns, buildings, and an 80m wide emergency landing road on the west side of the runway. Among them, the grassland has the largest area and is distributed on both sides of the runway and between the buildings. It is the main area for bird activities in the area. The emergency landing runway is padded with soil, and this part is often compacted by a road roller to maintain the hardness of the topsoil. The other parts are exposed to the ground and the soil is loose. Further to the west, the vegetation is richer, and there is a pond at the north and south ends of the airport. After raining, some surface areas will accumulate water, which is easy to attract sandpipers and herons. The surrounding environment of the airport mainly includes urban areas, villages, woodlands, water systems and farmlands. 4.5km from the north end of the airport is a country park, formed by the confluence of two rivers running from east to west and from north to south. There are cultivated land, ponds, villages and small urban areas around it. The west side of the airport is an urban area with a canal running through it. About 6km from the west side of the airport is a national wetland park. The east side of the airport is mainly large areas of cultivated land, forest land and a large number of villages distributed in it. There are two artificial lakes on the south side of the airport, surrounded by forest land and a small urban area. In addition, there are a large number of ponds and fish ponds scattered around the airport, with irregular distribution. The crops planted outside the site are mainly common crops such as corn and wheat, and rice is planted in a few areas.

[0036] In order to fully understand the distribution of birds in the airport area in all seasons and the surrounding key habitats, we conducted a survey on birds and the ecological environment within 8km of the airport flight area and the surrounding area, referring to the survey scope requirements in the "Guidelines for the Survey of Bird Situation and Ecological Environment at Civil Airports". The birds in the open area were surveyed using the transect method combined with the sampling method, the birds in the forest area were surveyed using the sampling method, and the water birds were surveyed using the sampling method for fixed-point observation. The species and number of birds were counted and the habitat conditions were recorded. In the survey around the airport, 4 to 6 transects were laid out according to the characteristics of the habitat around the airport; transect lines and several sampling points were set up in the survey within the airport.

[0037] The field survey is mainly divided into two phases: The first phase of the survey time: August 1, 2019 to February 30, 2020, mainly to conduct preliminary surveys on the bird situation and ecological environment within 8km of the airport and its surroundings. The second phase of the survey time: March 1, 2020 to October 30, 2020, after determining the research object of this article, a targeted survey will be conducted, taking into account other bird surveys. The survey time is 1 year and 2 months, with 2 surveys per month. During the spring and autumn bird migration seasons, the number of observations can be increased according to actual conditions.

[0038] In order to fully understand the bird situation and surrounding ecological environment in the airport area, the ecological environment in the airport area was preliminarily divided into five types according to the geographical conditions and vegetation conditions of the airport area: forest land (including natural forests and artificial forests), water bodies (including ponds, rivers, lakes, swamps and wetlands around the airport, as well as low-lying waterlogged areas and drainage ditches within the airport), cultivated land (including large areas of farmland around the airport, mainly planting crops such as corn, wheat and rice), built-up areas (mainly including urban areas and villages in the airport area) and lawns (including grasslands in the airport flight area and shrubs and grass in the surrounding areas). According to the five main habitats, seven typical areas were selected for field investigation, and a total of five survey sample lines and three survey sample points were set up. The locations of the sample lines and sample points are as follows:

[0039] (1) Sample line 1: Airport runway area, sample line length 3.2 km. The airport runway area mainly consists of the airport runway, a large lawn, a machine nest and an 80m wide emergency landing runway. The emergency landing runway is padded with soil, which is often compacted by a roller to maintain the hardness of the topsoil. The other parts are exposed and the soil is loose. The vegetation on the west side of the runway area is rich, and there is a low-lying waterlogged area. There is a pond at the north and south ends of the runway.

[0040] (2) Sample line 2: 1.5 km beyond the northern extension of the airport runway, the sample line length is 1.5 km. The main habitats on the northern extension of the airport runway are large wastelands, farmlands, ponds and residential areas. The farmlands here are basically small plots of farmland, with rivers interspersed in between, and the west side is mainly residential areas. The sample line is arranged along the North Canal.

[0041] (3) Sample line 3: The west side of the airport is 6 km away from the airport runway, and the sample line length is 3.5 km. This area is a national wetland park, mainly composed of permanent river wetlands, floodplain wetlands, and herbaceous swamp wetlands. There are also various artificial wetlands such as ponds, lotus ponds, and rice fields. The wetland types are diverse. Sophora japonica, Fraxinus chinensis, Populus tomentosa, and Ulmus pumila are planted on both sides of the river. The main plant communities include reed communities, cattail communities, Scirpus serrata communities, and Reed spathiphyllum communities.

[0042] (4) Sample line 4: 5 km away from the southern extension of the airport runway, the sample line is 5 km long. One sample point C is arranged. The sample line is arranged in an artificial lake, which covers an area of ​​3,590 mu, has a large open water area, a water surface area of ​​more than 2,640 mu, and a green area of ​​more than 900 mu. Native tree species such as tamarisk, Sophora japonica, and white poplar are planted, as well as seasonal peach, crabapple, hawthorn, and ginkgo.

[0043] (5) Sample line 5: 5.5 km east of the airport runway. Sample line length 3.0 km. The habitat 5.5 km east of the airport runway is mostly farmland and woodland, with small ponds, vegetable greenhouses and factory areas, etc. There are large areas of villages around, and the overall habitat situation is relatively complex.

[0044] (6) A sample point A is arranged in the forest land about 4 km from the runway on the northeast side of the airport. The habitat of this sample point is a large piece of forest land with a high density of tree planting. The main tree species are sycamore, Canadian poplar, catalpa and willow. Through communication with the airport's bird-repelling department, it is learned that this area is very likely to attract a large number of herons to forage, nest and breed here in summer, posing a great threat to the airport's flight safety.

[0045] (7) 1.5 km from the southern extension of the airport runway, where a point B is arranged. This area is an agricultural ecological park, covering an area of ​​about 500 mu. The habitat is mainly composed of fish ponds, farmland and large tracts of woodland. The main crops are Canadian poplar, locust tree, hawthorn, peach, apple, etc. The west side of the ecological park is mainly a factory area. The fish pond area in the ecological park is large, the vegetation resources are rich, and it is close to the airport. It is the key control area of ​​the airport.

[0046] According to the survey results throughout the year, there are 180 common bird species in the airport and surrounding areas from August 2019 to October 2020, belonging to 17 orders and 49 families. Among them, Passeriformes has the largest number of birds, with a total of 74 species, accounting for 41.1% of the total; Charadriiformes has 28 species, accounting for 15.6% of the total; Anseriformes and Falconiformes have 19 species each, accounting for 10.6% of the total; Ciconiformes has 12 species, accounting for 6.7% of the total; Strigiformes, Gruiformes, Columbiformes and Pipitiformes have 4 species each, accounting for 2.2% of the total. The remaining bird species account for 6.7%. The groups with relatively large numbers of species are: Anatidae of Anseriformes with 19 species, Accipitridae of Falconiformes with 13 species, Charadriiformes with 12 species, Ciconiformes with 10 species, and Passeriformes with 10 species. According to the seasonal classification of birds, there are 70 migratory birds, accounting for 38.9% of the total; 45 summer migratory birds, accounting for 25.0% of the total; 34 winter migratory birds, accounting for 18.9% of the total; 31 resident birds, accounting for 16.4% of the total. According to the ecological type of birds, there are 6 types, including 75 songbirds, 35 wading birds, 32 waterfowl, 23 raptors, 8 climbing birds, and 7 land birds. Among the 180 bird species recorded in the airport area, 97 species were found in the airport. There are 20 resident birds that live in the airport all year round and are the most stable components of the bird community in the airport area. The composition of winter and summer migratory birds changes with the seasons. They are the components of periodic changes in the bird community in the airport area and the main factor causing the seasonal changes of birds.

[0047] According to the survey results, the seasons with the most birds in the airport area are spring and autumn. Spring and autumn are the migration periods of birds in Tianjin, especially from the end of March to the beginning of May and from the end of August to the beginning of November. During this period, in addition to the resident birds that live in the airport area all year round, there are also a large number of migratory birds passing through the airport area. The number of bird species during this period can reach 101. The number and number of bird species in summer and winter are less than those in spring and autumn, 76 and 65 species respectively, mainly common resident birds in the airport area, summer migratory birds and winter migratory birds. Combining the survey results throughout the year and the experience accumulated by the bird-repelling department of this field in bird strike prevention work, a total of 7 indicators were selected, including the location of bird activity, number of clusters, flight direction, flight altitude, weight, annual number of captures, and bird species that have collided. Combined with the take-off and landing points of the aircraft, inbound and outbound routes and taxi routes, a comprehensive assessment of birds that pose a potential threat to airport flight safety was conducted.

[0048] (1) Main activity location: Birds that often roost, forage or flock within 50 m on both sides of the center line of airport taxiways, access roads, runways and runway extensions.

[0049] (2) Number of birds in a flock: The number of birds in a flock within the airport flight area is more than 10.

[0050] (3) Flight direction: When flying over an airport, the aircraft often crosses the airport runway and the extended centerline of the runway, forming a relatively fixed route.

[0051] (4) Flight altitude: The flight altitude at the transit airport is less than 100m.

[0052] (5) Weight: The body weight is generally above 100g.

[0053] (6) Annual capture number: The number of birds captured by the bird nets deployed in the airport flight area is more than 20 (excluding magpies and sparrows) each year.

[0054] (7) Bird species that have collided with aircraft are often considered as key bird species to be prevented.

[0055] According to the basic principles of the above assessment, any bird that appears in the airport will be regarded as a key bird for the airport to prevent as long as it meets one of the above conditions.

[0056] Airports focus on bird prevention in each month

[0057]

[0058] The herons that often cross airports and have many habitats around them were selected as the research objects, and their flight routes were predicted using the Dijkstra algorithm. First, the resistance factors that affect the flight of the bird species and the land use data around the airport were obtained, and the key habitats of the bird species were identified using spatial analysis technology to determine the starting and end points of the bird flight routes. Then, a bird flight resistance coefficient index system was constructed, and Matlab software was used to complete the processing of land use data and the calculation of the flight resistance values ​​of the bird species in different plots around the airport. Finally, the Dijkstra algorithm was used to predict the bird flight routes.

[0059] The distribution and activity of birds in the airport area are inseparable from the ecological environment of the airport and surrounding areas. From an ecological point of view, the ecological factors that attract herons and all birds are mainly: water sources, food sources, and shelters. Water is the source of life. Birds cannot survive without water, and they must also obtain energy from food from the outside. In addition, shelters and nesting and breeding sites are also indispensable. Once there is a suitable environment in the airport area, herons will frequently cross the airport area when traveling back and forth between habitats and foraging areas. Starting from the water sources, food sources, and shelters, suggestions for the transformation of key habitats in the study area are proposed.

[0060] (1) Inside the airport

[0061] During the investigation, the ecological environment in the airport was relatively complex, and many areas would attract egrets. First, the low-lying waterlogged area on the northwest side of the airport, surrounded by dense reeds, provided food and good hiding places for egrets. Egrets and pond herons have been found in this area. Second, the abandoned fish ponds at the north and south ends of the airport provided sufficient water sources for surrounding egrets. Third, the large area of ​​high grass in the middle of the forced landing path was prone to water accumulation after rain, which easily attracted surrounding egrets to come for drinking water and provided food and shelter. Therefore, the above habitats were managed to reduce the number of egrets staying inside the airport, thereby reducing the probability of bird strikes.

[0062] Suggestions for ecological transformation: 1. Clear all plant communities such as reeds in this area and fill low-lying waterlogged areas with sand; 2. Considering that it is unrealistic to fill up the abandoned fish pond in this area in a short period of time, the bank of the fish pond can be repaired and protected to make it difficult for egrets to use this water body; 3. For small ponds of water in the forced landing road, they should be filled with sand as soon as possible, and the earth road surface should be compacted regularly to prevent waterlogging again.

[0063] (2) Survey Point I

[0064] Survey point I is about 4km away from the north end of the airport. As the only heron breeding ground near the airport, there are a large number of herons from April to August, which poses a great threat to the flight safety of the airport. The overall environment of this area provides good conditions for heron breeding. First, the large area of ​​forest land with high planting density provides a safe breeding place for herons, and the highly distinct trees isolate the herons from the outside environment; secondly, the pond close to the forest land provides a convenient water and food source for herons; finally, this area is located in the urban area, and the number of natural enemies of herons is small. Studies have shown that many birds are highly loyal to their breeding grounds. Once birds choose a fixed place as a breeding ground, they often nest and breed here year after year, which is bound to bring great difficulties to the prevention of bird strikes at the airport. Therefore, the heron breeding grounds around the airport must be managed.

[0065] Ecological transformation suggestions: 1. Carry out thinning operations on the forest land in this area to reduce the density of forest land. During this period, roads can be built to reduce the safety of this area; 2. Clean up the pond to reduce the attraction to herons; 3. Regularly harass the herons in this area, remove their nests, and force them to move away from the surrounding areas of this site. During the cleaning period, the aircraft should increase the approach flight altitude.

[0066] (3) Survey Point II and Survey Point VIII

[0067] The habitat composition of survey points II and VIII is similar, both with large woodlands and open waters, which attract more egrets to gather. The two survey points are located on the east and west sides of the airport, about 2.4 km away in a straight line, very close to the airport. When conducting fixed-point observations at the airport, egrets can often be found crossing the airport, and the flight direction of the observed egrets is basically consistent with the direction of the line connecting the two points.

[0068] Suggestions for ecological transformation: 1. Survey point II is the habitat of herons. It is recommended to uniformly remove the low trees on both sides of the water where herons roost. For tall trees, it is recommended to thin out the bottom of the forest to reduce its attractiveness as a habitat for herons, and to conduct regular harassment to make herons move away from this area; 2. Survey point VIII is the foraging ground for herons. There are two large ponds in this area. It is recommended to use floating plastic balls in series to cover the water body to prevent herons from foraging or roosting in this area. In addition, special personnel can be sent to drive away herons crossing the airport at fixed points and times for a long time, forcing them to change their flight direction.

[0069] (4) Survey Point III

[0070] Survey site III is the largest forestland among all survey sites, covering an area of ​​about 1,600 mu. It is mainly composed of large areas of artificial forestland and a small number of natural forests, and the surrounding habitats are mainly cultivated land and small ponds. The forestland is separated by roads, far away from residential areas, and has low noise. The density of trees planted in the forestland is high, providing a good habitat for egrets. Due to the large area of ​​forestland, it is not conducive to large-scale construction and treatment. Communication with local departments, explanation of the hazards, and joint cooperation to complete the bird-repelling work should be carried out.

[0071] Suggestions for ecological transformation: 1. Contact relevant local departments to clean up and transform some natural forests that are likely to attract egrets to inhabit, so as to reduce their attractiveness to egrets; 2. Strengthen daily patrols and monitoring, including recording the number of egrets, heron nests, and feces in the area, assessing the overall number of herons in the area, and controlling the base number of heron populations; 3. Find out the activity patterns of herons in the area. Since this area is on the southern glide path of the airport, on the premise of understanding the activity patterns of herons, avoidance suggestions can be made to the airport flight department to ensure flight safety.

[0072] (5) Survey Point IV

[0073] The forest area in this area is relatively small, and the surrounding habitats are mainly large tracts of cultivated land and fish ponds close to the forests. The overall habitat is excellent, far away from the villages, with low environmental noise, providing a good habitat for egrets.

[0074] Ecological transformation suggestions: 1. It is recommended to completely remove the trees and shrubs in this area. After the removal, the land can be cultivated with plants that do not attract birds, such as sweet potatoes, pumpkins, cabbages, etc., through communication with local farmers, or the cultivation of local farmland crops can be restored; 2. If it cannot be completely removed, the bird-repelling department can carry out long-term harassment in this area to force the herons to move away from this area. At the same time, strengthen the investigation of similar habitats in the surrounding area to prevent the herons from choosing other habitats and ensure that the herons move away from this area.

[0075] (6) Survey Point V, Survey Point VI, Survey Point VII

[0076] Survey Points V, VI and VII are public activity areas, including a small artificial lake, a large artificial lake and a national wetland park. They are mainly foraging areas for egrets, so it is impossible to carry out targeted habitat transformation. Therefore, it is recommended that the bird repellent department strengthen daily surveys in these three areas, and on the basis of recording and evaluating the number of egrets in each area, fully understand the activity patterns of key egrets in each area, including the foraging time and return time of different egrets, and pay special attention to whether there are nesting phenomena in summer. According to the survey results, suggestions are made to the airport flight department to ensure flight safety.

[0077] Through investigation and research, it was found that the activities of herons in the study area have the following characteristics:

[0078] (1) Herons have a clear tendency to avoid densely built-up areas when choosing flight routes, which is reflected in the route maps drawn. This is related to factors such as large human interference in built-up areas, lack of temporary habitats, poor hiding conditions, and few food and water sources.

[0079] (2) Large water systems and woodlands are the best flight areas for herons. Herons tend to choose flight routes close to water systems and woodlands. This feature confirms the living habits of wetland wading birds. Their behavior satisfies the herons' needs for foraging and resting at any time, while reducing interference and danger during movement.

[0080] (3) When foraging through densely built-up areas, herons tend to fly near water systems and quiet areas. This phenomenon is more obvious in the flight route map.

[0081] Specific measures for flight avoidance

[0082] (1) The survey results show that the peak hours of egret activity are mainly concentrated between 6:00 and 8:00 and 16:30 and 18:30. At the same time, egrets were observed flying across the airport during these periods. It is recommended to appropriately reduce the amount of flight during these periods to reduce the probability of bird strikes.

[0083] (2) Based on the method for confirming the flight routes of egrets, after determining the flight routes of egrets around the airport in a larger area, the existing flight routes should be reviewed based on the locations of key bird habitats and foraging areas to reduce the probability of intersecting with the flight routes of egrets.

[0084] (3) When planning your route, you should consider avoiding large bodies of water that may attract egrets, such as reservoirs, lakes, wetlands, and large areas of woodland. If you must pass through these dangerous areas, it is recommended that you speed up when passing through them.

[0085] (4) The highest proportion of bird strikes occurs during takeoff and landing. Therefore, key observations should be made during takeoff and landing. If bird strikes are found, they should be reported and handled promptly. Based on the heron flight route map determined in this paper, bird strikes should also be observed near the extension lines at the north and south ends of the airport. It is recommended that observation points be set up at 2 to 3 km extension lines at the north and south ends of the airport.

[0086] In addition, the following measures or suggestions can also be adopted:

[0087] (1) Bird repelling at airports is precisely the human initiative to interfere with the environment, exerting a directional influence on the flight paths of birds, forcing birds to change their flight direction, and avoiding collisions between birds and aircraft flight paths. In addition to necessary ecological remediation around the airport, in order to make birds fly away from the airport, it is necessary to add targeted human interference inside the airport, using titanium bombs, strong sound bird repellents, shotguns and other equipment to drive away birds. Therefore, it is recommended that the airport bird repellent department, in addition to daily observation tasks, focus on the transit routes and transit times of different herons to find patterns. After a full understanding, the herons crossing the airport should be disturbed at regular intervals for a long time, forcing them to change their flight paths and reduce the frequency of herons crossing the airport.

[0088] (2) Continue to carry out airport ecological environment and bird surveys, identify risk factors that attract birds in and around the airport, understand the composition of birds in and around the airport, the number of flocks, and the characteristics and patterns of their activities, and combine the bird information already obtained to make good bird forecasts.

[0089] (3) Improve the airport bird information database, and further collect and organize basic data such as the airport ecological environment survey data, bird survey data, bird repellent personnel patrol records, bird strike information statistics, etc. Regularly conduct comprehensive analysis of the airport's bird information and ecological environment, prepare bird ecological analysis reports at different stages of the year, and timely evaluate whether bird strike prevention and control work is effective.

[0090] The present invention is described above by way of example. It should be noted that, without departing from the core of the present invention, any simple deformation, modification or other equivalent replacement that can be made by those skilled in the art without inventive effort falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive method for bird strike control in airport areas, characterized by: Follow the steps below: S1. Use traditional field survey methods to conduct field surveys in the airport and surrounding areas to obtain the current status of bird species and ecological environment in the airport area. In S1, the current status of bird species and ecological environment in the airport area includes bird species, vegetation species, insect species, mammal species, and ecological environment. S2. Based on the survey results in S1, in combination with the airport's aircraft take-off and landing points, inbound and outbound routes, and taxi routes, conduct a comprehensive assessment of high-risk bird species in the airport area, determine the airport's high-risk bird species, and conduct a comprehensive assessment of the indicators of high-risk bird species in the airport area, including but not limited to the airport's bird activity location, flock number, flight direction, flight altitude, weight, annual capture number, and bird species that have been hit; S3. Obtain land use data in the airport area and identify key habitats of high-risk bird species. Determine the distribution of habitats of high-risk bird species at the airport and the starting and ending points of the flight routes of high-risk bird species through field surveys and verification. S4. Based on the characteristics of bird habits and the impact of different environmental factors on bird flight, several high-risk bird species flight resistance evaluation indicators are determined, and an airport high-risk bird species flight resistance coefficient indicator system is constructed. At the same time, the weight of each indicator is determined using the hierarchical analysis method. Among them, the high-risk bird species flight resistance evaluation indicators include: water sources, food sources or hiding places; in S4, it includes: the constructed high-risk bird species flight resistance coefficient indicator system, including the target layer, the middle layer and the indicator layer; the target layer is the resistance coefficient of a certain plot of land; the middle layer is the land suitability factor, the distance factor, and the foraging condition factor; the indicator layer is the land use type, noise, the distance from different land use type areas, the number of natural enemies, the abundance of food, and the concealment; S5. Use programming software to complete the processing of airport area data information, including airport area land use data, extraction of boundaries of different land use types, and data on flight resistance values ​​of different plots to birds. Finally, complete the determination of flight routes of high-risk bird species in the airport area. The programming software uses the Dijkstra algorithm. Specifically, the resistance factor affecting the flight of the bird species and the land use data around the airport are first obtained, and the key habitats of the bird species are identified using spatial analysis technology. The starting point and end point of the bird flight route are determined, and then a bird flight resistance coefficient index system is constructed. Matlab software is used to complete the processing of land use data and the calculation of flight resistance values ​​of the bird species in different plots around the airport. Finally, the Dijkstra algorithm is used to predict the bird flight route. S6. Based on the habitat distribution and flight routes of high-risk bird species obtained in S3 and S5, take targeted measures to reduce the probability of bird strikes in airport areas.

2. The method for comprehensive bird strike control in airport areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S6, the targeted measures taken include but are not limited to ecological environment governance measures, flight avoidance measures, and physical bird repelling measures.

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