Ku and Ka dual-band integrated feed and satellite antenna in satellite communications

Abstract

The invention discloses a Ku and Ka dual-band integrated feed source for satellite communication, comprising a receiving and transmitting interface (1), a waveguide converter (2), a Ku duplexer (3), a polarizer (4) and a Ka duplexer (5) connected in sequence; the Ku duplexer (3) comprises a Ku resonant cavity (31) provided with a through-hole in the axial direction, a Ku receiving interface (6) is provided on the side wall of a Ku primary transmission resonant cavity (311) of the Ku resonant cavity (31); a Ku transmitting interface (7) of the Ku secondary transmission resonant cavity (312) is provided on the side wall of a Ku secondary transmission resonant cavity (312) of the Ku resonant cavity (31), and the Ku resonant cavity (31) further comprises a Ka transition resonant cavity (313); a feed source body has both a Ku frequency band receiving and transmitting port and a Ka frequency band receiving and transmitting port, and is applied to a satellite antenna. A set of satellite antennas can use Ku frequency band communication and can also switch to Ka frequency band communication, thereby saving money and occupying less space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of structural technology, in particular to the field of mechanical structure technology for satellite communications, and specifically to a Ku and Ka dual-band integrated feed in satellite communications. Background Art

[0002] Microwave communication is an important means of communication in national communication networks. Microwave communication has high capacity, good quality, and can reach great distances, making it widely applicable to various communication networks.

[0003] Microwave communications are commonly divided into two bands, Ku band and Ka band.

[0004] The Ku band refers to a band with a lower frequency than the K band under the IEEE 521-2002 standard. The Ku band frequency ranges from 10.7 to 12.75 GHz for downlink and from 12.75 to 18.1 GHz for uplink.

[0005] The Ka-band is part of the microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, with frequencies ranging from 26.5 to 40 GHz. Ka stands for "K-above," meaning it's directly above the K-band. Also known as the 30 / 20 GHz band, the Ka-band is commonly used for satellite communications.

[0006] Current communications equipment that needs to use both Ku-band and Ka-band frequencies requires two sets of receiving / transmitting equipment, or satellite antennas: one for Ku and one for Ka. This requires two separate spaces and requires maintenance. This is not only costly but also inconvenient to switch between. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated Ku and Ka dual-band feed for satellite communications. The feed body has both a Ku-band transceiver port and a Ka-band transceiver port. When applied to a satellite antenna, a set of satellite antennas can use Ku-band communication and can also switch to Ka-band communication, which can save money and take up less space.

[0008] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0009] A Ku and Ka dual-band integrated feed for satellite communications, comprising a transceiver interface 1, a waveguide converter 2, a Ku duplexer 3, a polarizer 4, and a Ka duplexer 5 connected in sequence;

[0010] The transceiver interface 1 includes a deformed wave splitting cavity 12 provided at the front;

[0011] The Ku duplexer 3 includes a Ku resonant cavity 31 that is axially arranged inside. The Ku resonant cavity 31 includes a Ku primary transmission resonant cavity 311, a Ku secondary transmission resonant cavity 312, and a Ka transition resonant cavity 313, whose radial cross sections decrease synchronously from front to back.

[0012] The side wall of the Ku primary transmission resonant cavity 311 is provided with a radially arranged Ku receiving interface 6 connected to the Ku primary transmission resonant cavity 311; the side wall of the Ku secondary transmission resonant cavity 312 is provided with a radially arranged Ku transmitting interface 7 connected to the Ku secondary transmission resonant cavity 312.

[0013] The radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ku first-level transmission resonant cavity 311 are 15 mm × 15 mm, and the axial length is 25 mm; the radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ku second-level transmission resonant cavity 312 are 12.5 mm × 12.5 mm, and the axial length is 21 mm; the radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ka transition resonant cavity 313 are 10.5 mm × 10.5 mm, and the axial length is 15 mm.

[0014] The Ku receiving interface 6 includes a through Ku receiving interface resonant cavity 61; the Ku receiving interface resonant cavity 61 includes, from the inside to the outside, a Ku receiving interface third-level resonant cavity 613, a Ku receiving interface second-level resonant cavity 612, and a Ku receiving interface first-level resonant cavity 611, whose cross-sections increase synchronously in sequence;

[0015] The Ku-transmitting interface 7 includes a through Ku-transmitting interface resonant cavity 71 ; the Ku-transmitting interface resonant cavity 71 includes, from the inside to the outside, a Ku-transmitting interface tertiary resonant cavity 713 , a Ku-transmitting interface secondary resonant cavity 712 and a Ku-transmitting interface primary resonant cavity 711 , whose cross-sections increase synchronously in sequence.

[0016] The cross-sectional dimensions of the Ku receiving interface tertiary resonant cavity 613 are 12.5 mm × 2 mm, the cross-sectional dimensions of the Ku receiving interface secondary resonant cavity 612 are 15 mm × 6.5 mm, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the Ku receiving interface primary resonant cavity 611 are 19 mm × 10 mm.

[0017] The cross-sectional dimensions of the Ku-fa interface tertiary resonant cavity 713 are 13.5 mm × 2 mm, the radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ku-fa interface secondary resonant cavity 712 are 17.5 mm × 6.5 mm, and the radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ku-fa interface primary resonant cavity 711 are 19 mm × 10 mm.

[0018] The transceiver interface 1 includes a front speaker section and a rear cone section; the inner hole of the front speaker section is a speaker hole 11 with an opening angle of 75±5°; the deformed wave splitting cavity 12 is provided on the side wall of the speaker hole 11; the deformed wave splitting cavity 12 includes a plurality of annular grooves 121, and the angle between the side surface of the annular groove 121 and the axis of the transceiver interface 1 is 55±5°;

[0019] The inner conical hole 13 of the rear conical tube section is a conical hole with an opening angle of 2±0.5°; the rear end hole size of the horn hole 11 is the same as the front end hole size of the inner conical hole 13; the rear end hole size of the inner conical hole 13 is the same as the front end hole size of the waveguide converter 2;

[0020] The front end of the inner hole of the waveguide converter 2 is a shaped circular hole, and the rear end is a shaped square hole, with a smooth transition between the front and the back; the size of the shaped square hole is the same as that of the Ku first-level transmission resonant cavity 311.

[0021] The annular groove 121 has a groove width of 3 mm, a groove depth of 5.5 mm, and a groove spacing of 4 mm;

[0022] Alternatively, the diameter of the shaped circular hole is 20 mm; the size of the shaped square hole is 15 mm×15 mm.

[0023] The inner square hole 41 of the polarizer 4 is staggered 45° from the square hole of the Ka transition resonant cavity 313 in the circumferential direction; a plurality of radial ridges 42 are evenly distributed on one pair of opposite side surfaces of the inner square hole 41 of the polarizer;

[0024] The radial cross-sectional dimensions of the inner square hole 41 are 11 mm × 11 mm;

[0025] The radial ridges 42 have a height of 0.5 mm, a width of 0.5 mm, and a spacing of 2.5 mm.

[0026] The Ka duplexer 5 includes a Ka resonant cavity 51 that is axially through the interior, and includes, from front to back, a Ka primary transmission resonant cavity 511, a Ka secondary transmission resonant cavity 512, a Ka tertiary transmission resonant cavity 513, a Ka quaternary transmission resonant cavity 514, and a Ka quinary transmission resonant cavity 515, with radial cross-sections decreasing in sequence;

[0027] The side walls of the Ka secondary transmission resonant cavity 512, the Ka third transmission resonant cavity 513 and the Ka fourth transmission resonant cavity 514 are provided with radially connected Ka receiving interfaces 8; the rear end of the Ka fifth transmission resonant cavity 515 is directly connected to the Ka transmitting interface 9;

[0028] The side of the Ka secondary transmission resonant cavity 512 close to the Ka receiving interface 8 is flush with the side of the Ka primary transmission resonant cavity 511 close to the Ka receiving interface 8;

[0029] The side of the Ka tertiary transmission resonance cavity 513 away from the Ka receiving interface 8 is flush with the side of the Ka secondary transmission resonance cavity 512 away from the Ka receiving interface 8.

[0030] The radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ka-level transmission resonance cavity 511 are 11mm×11mm; the radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ka-level transmission resonance cavity 512 are 11mm×10mm, the radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ka-level transmission resonance cavity 513 are 10mm×9.3mm, the radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ka-level transmission resonance cavity 514 are 9mm×9mm, and the radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ka-level transmission resonance cavity 515 are 7mm×6mm.

[0031] A satellite antenna adopts the above-mentioned Ku and Ka dual-band integrated feed in satellite communications.

[0032] It can be seen from the technical solution provided by the present invention described above that an embodiment of the present invention provides an integrated Ku and Ka dual-band feed for satellite communications, in which one feed body has both a Ku-band transceiver port and a Ka-band transceiver port, and is applied to a satellite antenna. A set of satellite antennas can use Ku-band communication and can also switch to Ka-band communication, which can save money and take up less space. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of a Ku and Ka dual-band integrated feed for satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 A schematic top-down cross-sectional view of a Ku and Ka dual-band integrated feed for satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 A left-side structural diagram of a Ku and Ka dual-band integrated feed for satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of a waveguide converter for a Ku and Ka dual-band integrated feed in satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the left side structure of a waveguide converter for integrated Ku and Ka dual-band feed in satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a Ku duplexer with integrated Ku and Ka dual-band feed for satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the top view of a Ku duplexer with integrated Ku and Ka dual-band feed for satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a Ku duplexer with integrated Ku and Ka dual-band feed for satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of a polarizer of a Ku and Ka dual-band integrated feed for satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 10 A left-side structural diagram of a polarizer for a Ku and Ka dual-band integrated feed for satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the left side cross-sectional structure of a Ka duplexer of a Ku and Ka dual-band integrated feed for satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of a Ka duplexer with integrated Ku and Ka dual-band feed in satellite communications provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] First, the following terms may be used in this article:

[0048] The term “and / or” means that either or both of them can be realized at the same time. For example, X and / or Y includes both “X” or “Y” and “X and Y”.

[0049] The terms "include," "comprises," "contains," "has," or other similar expressions should be interpreted as non-exclusive. For example, "including certain technical features (such as raw materials, components, ingredients, carriers, dosage forms, materials, dimensions, parts, components, mechanisms, devices, steps, procedures, methods, reaction conditions, processing conditions, parameters, algorithms, signals, data, products, or manufactured articles, etc.) should be interpreted as including not only the technical features explicitly listed, but also other technical features known in the art that are not explicitly listed.

[0050] The term "consisting of" excludes any technical features not explicitly listed. If used in a claim, this term renders the claim closed, excluding any technical features other than those explicitly listed, except for conventional impurities associated with them. If this term appears only in a clause of a claim, it limits only the elements explicitly listed in that clause; elements listed in other clauses are not excluded from the claim as a whole.

[0051] The term "parts by mass" refers to the mass ratio of multiple components. For example, if component X is x parts by mass and component Y is y parts by mass, then the mass ratio of component X to component Y is x:y. One part by mass can represent any mass, for example, 1 kg or 3.1415926 kg. The sum of the parts by mass of all components is not necessarily 100 parts; it can be greater than, less than, or equal to 100 parts. Unless otherwise specified, parts, ratios, and percentages herein are by mass.

[0052] Unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediary; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this document based on specific circumstances.

[0053] When concentration, temperature, pressure, size or other parameters are expressed in the form of a numerical range, the numerical range should be understood to specifically disclose all ranges formed by the pairing of any upper limit, lower limit, or preferred value within the numerical range, regardless of whether the range is explicitly stated. For example, if a numerical range of "2 to 8" is stated, the numerical range should be interpreted as including ranges of "2 to 7," "2 to 6," "5 to 7," "3 to 4 and 6 to 7," "3 to 5 and 7," "2 and 5 to 7," etc. Unless otherwise specified, the numerical ranges stated herein include both their endpoints and all integers and fractions within the numerical range.

[0054] The terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience and simplification of description, and do not explicitly or implicitly indicate that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation to this document.

[0055] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0056] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a Ku and Ka dual-band integrated feed for satellite communications is applied to a satellite antenna, including a transceiver interface 1, a waveguide converter 2, a Ku duplexer 3, a polarizer 4 and a Ka duplexer 5 connected in sequence; the front end of the transceiver interface 1 is connected to the transceiver body (commonly known as the big pot) of the satellite antenna.

[0057] A waveguide is a structure used to guide microwaves in a certain direction. In electromagnetics and communications engineering, the term waveguide can refer to any linear structure that transmits microwaves between its endpoints. Its original and most common meaning refers to a hollow metal tube used to transmit radio waves. The cavities discussed in this article are all waveguides.

[0058] Microwave signals of different frequencies have different wavelengths, and microwave signals of different wavelengths are transmitted differently within waveguides of different sizes. In other words, waveguides of different sizes and shapes have different effects on microwave signals of different wavelengths. Some structural dimensions can change the corresponding microwave waveform, while others can alter the direction of microwave transmission.

[0059] refer to Figure 1The transceiver interface 1 includes a deformed wave splitting cavity 12 provided at the front; specifically, the transceiver interface 1 includes a front horn section and a rear conical tube section; the inner hole of the front horn section is a horn hole 11 with an opening angle of 75±5°; the diameter of the horn hole 11 at the opening is about 52mm, which can be appropriately adjusted according to the specific structure. The deformed wave splitting cavity 12 is provided on the side wall of the horn hole 11; the deformed wave splitting cavity 12 includes a plurality of annular grooves 121, and in this example, four annular grooves 121 are included, and the angle between the side surface of the annular groove 121 and the axis of the transceiver interface 1 is 55±5°; in this example, the annular groove 121 has a groove width of 3mm, a groove depth of 5.5mm, and a groove spacing of 4mm; the function of the deformed wave splitting cavity 12 is to separate the Ku-band signal from the Ka-band signal in the microwave signal, and transmit them along different channels respectively.

[0060] The dimensions in this document refer to a range that includes normal tolerances. The inner conical hole 13 of the rear conical tube section has an opening angle of 2±0.5°. The rear end dimensions of the horn hole 11 are identical to the front end dimensions of the inner conical hole 13. The rear end dimensions of the inner conical hole 13 are identical to the front end dimensions of the waveguide converter 2, with a diameter of approximately 20 mm. The overall length of the transceiver interface 1 is controlled to be approximately 70 mm, 69 mm in this example.

[0061] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the waveguide converter 2 has a shaped circular hole at the front and a shaped square hole at the rear, with a smooth transition between the front and back. This smooth transition refers to a shape resembling the "round sky and square earth" shape. Its function is to convert microwave signals from circular waves to square waves for transmission. In this example, the shaped circular hole has a diameter of 20 mm, and the shaped square hole measures 15 mm x 15 mm. The numerical dimensions herein refer to a range that includes normal tolerances. The dimensions of the shaped square hole are identical to those of the Ku primary transmission resonant cavity 311 described below. The overall thickness of the waveguide converter 2 is approximately 8 mm.

[0062] It should be noted that the dimensions mentioned in this article generally have tolerances of ±0.05mm to 0.5mm. Smaller dimensions such as 2mm and 3mm can be controlled within ±0.05mm, such as 2±0.05mm and 3±0.05mm. Larger dimensions such as 15 and 20 can be controlled within ±0.5mm or ±0.05mm, such as 15±0.05mm or 15±0.5mm, 20±0.05mm or 20±0.5mm. In specific applications, the smallest possible machining accuracy can be used as a reference, while the largest tolerance can be used when considering the protection range. The dimensional tolerances mentioned elsewhere in this article are referred to in this paragraph and will not be repeated here.

[0063] refer to Figure 1 ,like Figure 6As shown, the Ku duplexer 3 includes an internal, axially continuous Ku resonant cavity 31. From front to back, the Ku resonant cavity 31 includes a Ku primary transmission resonant cavity 311, a Ku secondary transmission resonant cavity 312, and a Ka transition resonant cavity 313, whose radial cross-sections decrease synchronously. The synchronous decrease refers to the uniform inward decrease in size on all sides. The sidewall of the Ku primary transmission resonant cavity 311 is provided with a radially arranged Ku receiving interface 6 that connects to the Ku primary transmission resonant cavity 311. Specifically, the radial axis of the Ku receiving interface 6 is approximately 18.5 mm to 19 mm from the front end of the Ku duplexer 3, with 18.75 mm being used in this example. The sidewall of the Ku secondary transmission resonant cavity 312 is provided with a radially arranged Ku transmitting interface 7 that connects to the Ku secondary transmission resonant cavity 312. Specifically, the radial axis of the Ku transmitting interface 7 is approximately 23.5 mm to 24 mm from the radial axis of the Ku receiving interface 6, with 23.75 mm being used in this example.

[0064] like Figure 6 As shown, the radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ku primary transmission resonant cavity 311 are 15 mm x 15 mm, and the axial length is approximately 25 mm. The radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ku secondary transmission resonant cavity 312 are 12.5 mm x 12.5 mm, and the axial length is approximately 21 mm. The radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ka transition resonant cavity 313 are 10.5 mm x 10.5 mm, and the axial length is approximately 15 mm. The dimensional values ​​herein refer to a range that includes normal tolerances.

[0065] In this example, the structural dimensions of the relevant waveguides, taking the Ku resonant cavity 31 as an example, all conform to the microwave wavelength corresponding to the microwave frequency. Usually, the center frequency and its corresponding center wavelength are taken. The structural dimensions of the Ku resonant cavity 31 in this example only affect the signals of the corresponding wavelength.

[0066] like Figure 2 and 7 As shown, the Ku receiving interface 6 includes a through-hole Ku receiving interface resonant cavity 61. From the inside out, the Ku receiving interface resonant cavity 61 comprises a Ku receiving interface tertiary resonant cavity 613, a Ku receiving interface secondary resonant cavity 612, and a Ku receiving interface primary resonant cavity 611, with cross-sectional dimensions increasing in sequence. The cross-sectional dimensions of the Ku receiving interface tertiary resonant cavity 613 are 12.5 mm x 2 mm, the cross-sectional dimensions of the Ku receiving interface secondary resonant cavity 612 are 15 mm x 6.5 mm, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the Ku receiving interface primary resonant cavity 611 are 19 mm x 10 mm. The axial length of the Ku receiving interface resonant cavity 61 is not strictly required and can be determined based on the structure. In this example, the axial length of the Ku receiving interface tertiary resonant cavity 613 is approximately 0.5 mm; the axial length of the Ku receiving interface secondary resonant cavity 612 is approximately 1.25 mm; and the axial length of the Ku receiving interface primary resonant cavity 611 is approximately 2.75 mm. The dimensional values ​​herein refer to a range that includes normal tolerances.

[0067] like Figure 2 and 8 As shown, the Ku-fa interface 7 includes a through-hole Ku-fa interface resonant cavity 71. From the inside out, the Ku-fa interface resonant cavity 71 comprises a three-stage Ku-fa interface resonant cavity 713, a two-stage Ku-fa interface resonant cavity 712, and a one-stage Ku-fa interface resonant cavity 711, with progressively increasing cross-sections. The cross-sectional dimensions of the three-stage Ku-fa interface resonant cavity 713 are 13.5 mm x 2 mm, the radial cross-sectional dimensions of the two-stage Ku-fa interface resonant cavity 712 are 17.5 mm x 6.5 mm, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the one-stage Ku-fa interface resonant cavity 711 are 19 mm x 10 mm. The axial length of the Ku-fa interface resonant cavity 711 is not strictly required and can be determined based on the structure. In this example, the axial length of the three-stage Ku-fa interface resonant cavity 713 is approximately 1.75 mm; the axial length of the two-stage Ku-fa interface resonant cavity 712 is approximately 6 mm; and the axial length of the one-stage Ku-fa interface resonant cavity 711 is approximately 6 mm. The dimensional values ​​herein refer to a range that includes normal tolerances.

[0068] like Figure 9 and 10 As shown, the inner square hole 41 of the polarizer 4 is offset 45° from the square hole of the Ka transition resonant cavity 313. Its function is to convert circularly polarized Ka-band microwave signals into left-handed and right-handed microwave signals. The radial cross-section of the inner square hole 41 is 11 mm x 11 mm. Multiple radial ridges 42 are evenly distributed on a pair of opposing side surfaces of the inner square hole 41. These ridges 42 are 0.5 mm high, 0.5 mm wide, and spaced 2.5 mm apart. The axial length of the polarizer 4 is approximately 45 mm. The dimensional values ​​herein refer to a range that includes normal tolerances.

[0069] like Figure 11 and 12As shown, the Ka duplexer 5 includes a Ka resonant cavity 51 that is axially connected inside, and includes a Ka first-level transmission resonant cavity 511, a Ka second-level transmission resonant cavity 512, a Ka third-level transmission resonant cavity 513, a Ka fourth-level transmission resonant cavity 514 and a Ka fifth-level transmission resonant cavity 515 with decreasing radial cross-sections from front to back; the side walls of the Ka second-level transmission resonant cavity 512, the Ka third-level transmission resonant cavity 513 and the Ka fourth-level transmission resonant cavity 514 are provided with a radially connected Ka receiving interface 8; the rear end of the Ka fifth-level transmission resonant cavity 515 is directly connected to the Ka transmitting interface 9; the Ka The radial cross-section dimensions of the primary transmission resonant cavity 511 are 11 mm × 11 mm, with an axial length of approximately 17 mm. The radial cross-section dimensions of the secondary transmission resonant cavity 512 are 11 mm × 10 mm, with an axial length of approximately 2.5 mm. The radial cross-section dimensions of the tertiary transmission resonant cavity 513 are 10 mm × 9.3 mm, with an axial length of approximately 3 mm. The radial cross-section dimensions of the quaternary transmission resonant cavity 514 are 9 mm × 9 mm, with an axial length of approximately 2.5 mm. The radial cross-section dimensions of the fifth transmission resonant cavity 515 are 7 mm × 6 mm, with an axial length of approximately 1 mm. The dimensional values ​​herein refer to a range that includes normal tolerances.

[0070] As shown in the figure, the side of the Ka secondary transmission resonance cavity 512 close to the Ka receiving interface 8 is flush with the side of the Ka primary transmission resonance cavity 511 close to the Ka receiving interface 8; the side of the Ka tertiary transmission resonance cavity 513 away from the Ka receiving interface 8 is flush with the side of the Ka secondary transmission resonance cavity 512 away from the Ka receiving interface 8.

[0071] The Ka receiving interface 8 includes a through Ka receiving interface resonant cavity 81; the Ka receiving interface resonant cavity 81 includes, from the inside to the outside, a Ka receiving interface tertiary resonant cavity 813, a Ka receiving interface secondary resonant cavity 812, and a Ka receiving interface primary resonant cavity 811, whose cross sections increase synchronously in sequence. The cross-sectional dimensions of the Ka receiving interface tertiary resonant cavity 813 are 8mm×2.5mm, the radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ka receiving interface secondary resonant cavity 812 are 11mm×3.5mm, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the Ka receiving interface primary resonant cavity 811 are 11mm×4.5mm. The Ka receiving interface resonant cavity 81 has no strict requirements on the axial length, which can be determined according to the structure. In this example, the axial length of the Ka receiving interface tertiary resonant cavity 813 is approximately 2.5mm; the axial length of the Ka receiving interface secondary resonant cavity 812 is approximately 2mm; and the axial length of the Ka receiving interface primary resonant cavity 811 is approximately 23.5mm. The dimensional values ​​in this article refer to a range including normal tolerances.

[0072] The Ka transmission interface 9 includes a Ka transmission interface resonant cavity 91. The cross-sectional dimensions of the Ka transmission interface resonant cavity 91 are 6 mm×4 mm, and the axial length is about 30 mm.

[0073] This example utilizes simultaneous Ku and Ka-band transmission and reception. The challenge lies in the wide operating frequency span, from 10.75 GHz to 30.5 GHz. A standard waveguide for Ku signals cuts off at the Ka band, preventing the Ku-band signal from passing through it. This example employs a step-by-step design, enabling the integrated dual-band feed to meet the various Ku-band linear polarization specifications, such as frequency range, amplitude-frequency characteristics, standing wave ratio, and insertion loss, while also meeting the Ka-band circular polarization specifications, including operating frequency range, amplitude-frequency characteristics, standing wave ratio, insertion loss, and axial ratio.

[0074] In this example, the Ku duplexer 3 is an original structure. In addition to meeting the Ku-band transmission and reception requirements, the Ku duplexer 3 can also pass the Ka-band signal without damage. The polarizer 4, that is, the Ka polarizer, is also an original structure. It can divide the circular polarization signal into left-handed and right-handed signals, and then send the signal to the Ka duplexer 5. The right-handed Ka signal is output from one port of the Ka duplexer 5, and the left-handed Ka signal is input from the other port of the Ka duplexer 5, thus achieving Ka-band satellite communication.

[0075] This example achieves a wide range of receiving and transmitting frequencies. One set of mobile communication antenna systems can replace two sets of mobile communication antenna systems, eliminating one set of mobile communication systems, saving money and reducing occupied space.

[0076] How it works

[0077] Receiving principle

[0078] The microwave signal is received by the transceiver without distinguishing between frequencies. Both Ku-band and Ka-band can be received. The Ku+Ka ​​microwave signal enters the transceiver interface 1 and enters through the horn hole 11. The deformed demultiplexing cavity 12 on the side wall demultiplexes the microwave signal, separating the Ku-band signal from the Ka-band signal in the microwave signal and transmitting them along different channels respectively.

[0079] The Ku microwave signal and the Ka microwave signal demultiplexed by the deformed demultiplexing cavity 12 are transmitted backward along the inner conical hole 13 to the waveguide converter 2. The inner conical hole 13 is a conical hole that does not cause microwave reflection, and can be transmitted smoothly without signal loss.

[0080] The front end of the inner hole of the waveguide converter 2 is a shaped circular hole, and the rear end is a shaped square hole, with a smooth transition between the front and the back; this section converts the Ku microwave signal and the Ka microwave signal from a circular resonant cavity to a square resonant cavity, and converts the Ku microwave signal and the Ka microwave signal from a circular wave to a square wave for transmission.

[0081] The Ku and Ka microwave signals, after passing through waveguide converter 2, enter Ku resonant cavity 31. The first section of Ku resonant cavity 31 is the Ku primary transmission resonant cavity 311, measuring 15 mm x 15 mm and approximately 25 mm in axial length. Microwave signals of different frequencies have different wavelengths, and microwave signals of different wavelengths are conducted differently within waveguides of different sizes. The structure and dimensions of Ku resonant cavity 31 in this example allow the Ku microwave signal to be horizontally and vertically polarized within Ku resonant cavity 31. The received horizontally polarized (or vertically polarized) signal is then transferred to Ku receiving interface 6.

[0082] At the same time, the structure of the Ku resonant cavity 31 of this embodiment is not affected in any way by the transmission of the Ka microwave signal therein, and can be transmitted without loss. The Ka microwave signal is not affected and continues to be transmitted backward along the Ku primary transmission resonant cavity 311, the Ku secondary transmission resonant cavity 312 and the Ka transition resonant cavity 313 to the polarizer 4.

[0083] The polarizer 4 is installed at a 45° angle, and the Ka microwave signal is transmitted to the Ka duplexer 5 after the joint action of multiple radial ridges 42. Its function is to convert the circularly polarized Ka-band microwave signal into a right-handed microwave signal and enter the Ka receiving interface 5.

[0084] The right-handed Ka microwave signal enters the Ka resonant cavity 51 of the Ka receiving interface 5. Since the radial cross-sectional size of the Ka first-level transmission resonant cavity 511 of the Ka resonant cavity 5 is 11mm×11mm, and the axial length is about 17mm; this size causes the Ka microwave signal to be turned and received by the Ka receiving interface 8.

[0085] Transmission principle

[0086] Ka microwave signal transmission, the transmitted Ka microwave signal is left-handed, and the left-handed Ka microwave signal to be transmitted enters the Ka duplexer 5 from the Ka transmitting interface resonant cavity 91 of the Ka transmitting interface 9, is transmitted from back to front, and sequentially passes through the Ka fifth-level transmission resonant cavity 515, the Ka fourth-level transmission resonant cavity 514, the Ka third-level transmission resonant cavity 513, the Ka second-level transmission resonant cavity 512, and the Ka first-level transmission resonant cavity 511 of the Ka resonant cavity 51, and enters the polarizer 4 from back to front;

[0087] After being processed by the polarizer 4, the left-handed Ka microwave signal is converted into a circularly polarized Ka-band microwave signal for transmission.

[0088] The circularly polarized Ka microwave signal enters the Ka transition resonant cavity 313 of the Ku duplexer 3, and then enters the Ku secondary transmission resonant cavity 312 and the Ku primary transmission resonant cavity 311 in sequence. The structure of the Ku resonant cavity 31 is not affected in any way by the conduction of the Ka microwave signal therein, and can be conducted losslessly.

[0089] The Ka microwave signal then enters the waveguide converter 2, is converted from a square wave into a circular wave, and then enters the tapered hole 13 and the horn hole 11 in the transceiver interface 1 in sequence, and is emitted by the transceiver body.

[0090] The Ku microwave signal is transmitted. The horizontally polarized (or vertically polarized) Ku microwave signal radially enters the Ku duplexer 3 from the Ku transmitting interface 7, first entering the Ku transmitting interface resonant cavity 71. It then passes through the Ku transmitting interface primary resonant cavity 711, the Ku transmitting interface secondary resonant cavity 712, and the Ku transmitting interface tertiary resonant cavity 713, entering the Ku secondary transmission resonant cavity 312, turning axially forward, and entering the Ku primary transmission resonant cavity 311. It then enters the waveguide converter 2, where it is converted from a square wave to a circular wave. It then enters the tapered hole 13 and horn hole 11 in the transmitting and receiving interface 1, and is then transmitted by the transceiver.

[0091] This example also provides a satellite antenna that uses the aforementioned Ku and Ka dual-band integrated feed in satellite communications.

[0092] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A Ku and Ka dual-band integrated feed for satellite communications, characterized in that: It includes a transceiver interface (1), a waveguide converter (2), a Ku duplexer (3), a polarizer (4) and a Ka duplexer (5) connected in sequence; The transceiver interface (1) includes a deformed wave splitting cavity (12) arranged at the front; The Ku duplexer (3) comprises a Ku resonant cavity (31) which is arranged through the interior along the axial direction. The Ku resonant cavity (31) comprises, from front to back, a Ku primary transmission resonant cavity (311), a Ku secondary transmission resonant cavity (312), and a Ka transition resonant cavity (313), the radial cross sections of which decrease synchronously in sequence. The side wall of the Ku primary transmission resonant cavity (311) is provided with a radially arranged Ku receiving interface (6) connected to the Ku primary transmission resonant cavity (311); the side wall of the Ku secondary transmission resonant cavity (312) is provided with a radially arranged Ku transmitting interface (7) connected to the Ku secondary transmission resonant cavity (312); The polarizer inner square hole (41) of the polarizer (4) and the square hole of the Ka transition resonant cavity (313) are circumferentially staggered at an angle of 45 degrees; a plurality of radial ridges (42) are evenly distributed on one pair of opposite side surfaces of the polarizer inner square hole (41); The Ka duplexer (5) includes a Ka resonant cavity (51) provided therein along the axial direction, and includes, from front to back, a Ka primary transmission resonant cavity (511), a Ka secondary transmission resonant cavity (512), a Ka tertiary transmission resonant cavity (513), a Ka quaternary transmission resonant cavity (514), and a Ka quintuple transmission resonant cavity (515), the radial cross sections of which decrease in sequence. The side walls of the Ka secondary transmission resonant cavity (512), the Ka tertiary transmission resonant cavity (513), and the Ka quaternary transmission resonant cavity (514) are provided with radially connected Ka receiving interfaces (8); the rear end of the Ka quintuple transmission resonant cavity (515) is directly connected to the Ka transmitting interface (9); The side of the Ka secondary transmission resonant cavity (512) close to the Ka receiving interface (8) is flush with the side of the Ka primary transmission resonant cavity (511) close to the Ka receiving interface (8); The side of the Ka third-level transmission resonant cavity (513) away from the Ka receiving interface (8) is flush with the side of the Ka second-level transmission resonant cavity (512) away from the Ka receiving interface (8).

2. The integrated Ku and Ka dual-band feed for satellite communications according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ku primary transmission resonant cavity (311) are 15 mm × 15 mm, and the axial length is 25 mm; the radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ku secondary transmission resonant cavity (312) are 12.5 mm × 12.5 mm, and the axial length is 21 mm; the radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ka transition resonant cavity (313) are 10.5 mm × 10.5 mm, and the axial length is 15 mm.

3. The integrated Ku and Ka dual-band feed for satellite communications according to claim 2, characterized in that: The Ku receiving interface (6) includes a through Ku receiving interface resonant cavity (61); the Ku receiving interface resonant cavity (61) includes, from the inside to the outside, a Ku receiving interface third-level resonant cavity (613), a Ku receiving interface second-level resonant cavity (612), and a Ku receiving interface first-level resonant cavity (611), the cross sections of which increase synchronously in sequence; The Ku-fa interface (7) comprises a through-going Ku-fa interface resonant cavity (71); the Ku-fa interface resonant cavity (71) comprises, from the inside to the outside, a Ku-fa interface third-level resonant cavity (713), a Ku-fa interface second-level resonant cavity (712), and a Ku-fa interface first-level resonant cavity (711), the cross sections of which increase synchronously in sequence.

4. The integrated Ku and Ka dual-band feed for satellite communications according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cross-sectional dimensions of the Ku receiving interface third-level resonant cavity (613) are 12.5 mm×2 mm, the cross-sectional dimensions of the Ku receiving interface second-level resonant cavity (612) are 15 mm×6.5 mm, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the Ku receiving interface first-level resonant cavity (611) are 19 mm×10 mm. The cross-sectional dimensions of the Ku-transmitted interface third-stage resonant cavity (713) are 13.5 mm×2 mm, the radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ku-transmitted interface second-stage resonant cavity (712) are 17.5 mm×6.5 mm, and the radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ku-transmitted interface first-stage resonant cavity (711) are 19 mm×10 mm.

5. The Ku and Ka dual-band integrated feed for satellite communications according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that: The transceiver interface (1) comprises a front speaker section and a rear cone section; the inner hole of the front speaker section is a speaker hole (11) with an opening angle of 75±5°; the deformed wave splitting cavity (12) is arranged on the side wall of the speaker hole (11); the deformed wave splitting cavity (12) comprises a plurality of annular grooves (121), and the angle between the side surface of the annular groove (121) and the axis of the transceiver interface (1) is 55±5°; The inner conical hole (13) of the rear conical tube section is a conical hole with an opening angle of 2±0.5°; the rear end hole size of the horn hole (11) is the same as the front end hole size of the inner conical hole (13); the rear end hole size of the inner conical hole (13) is the same as the front end hole size of the waveguide converter (2); The front end of the inner hole of the waveguide converter (2) is a shaped circular hole, and the rear end is a shaped square hole, with a smooth transition between the front and the back; the size of the shaped square hole is the same as that of the Ku first-level transmission resonant cavity (311).

6. The integrated Ku and Ka dual-band feed for satellite communications according to claim 5, characterized in that: The annular groove (121) has a groove width of 3 mm, a groove depth of 5.5 mm, and a groove spacing of 4 mm; Alternatively, the diameter of the shaped circular hole is 20 mm; the size of the shaped square hole is 15 mm×15 mm.

7. The Ku and Ka dual-band integrated feed for satellite communications according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The radial cross-sectional size of the inner square hole (41) is 11 mm×11 mm; The radial ridges (42) have a height of 0.5 mm, a width of 0.5 mm, and a spacing of 2.5 mm.

8. The integrated Ku and Ka dual-band feed for satellite communications according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ka primary transmission resonant cavity (511) are 11 mm × 11 mm; the radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ka secondary transmission resonant cavity (512) are 11 mm × 10 mm; the radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ka tertiary transmission resonant cavity (513) are 10 mm × 9.3 mm; the radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ka quaternary transmission resonant cavity (514) are 9 mm × 9 mm; and the radial cross-sectional dimensions of the Ka quinary transmission resonant cavity (515) are 7 mm × 6 mm.

9. A satellite antenna, characterized in that: A Ku and Ka dual-band integrated feed for satellite communications according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is used.

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