An energy storage transfer gear transmission adaptive continuously variable transmission

Abstract

This invention discloses an energy storage transfer case gear transmission adaptive continuously variable transmission. Power is input from one rotating end of the differential. Since the differential has three rotating ends, one of the other two rotating ends serves as the power output end, while the other rotating end is connected to the drive shaft of the energy storage transfer case. The energy storage transfer case compresses and stores energy in the gas within a sealed container, and performs work upon rebound, thereby limiting the rotational speed of the energy storage transfer case drive shaft, controlling the rotational speed of the output shaft, and minimizing energy loss.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention patent mainly relates to the field of automotive transmission technology, and in particular to an energy storage transfer gear transmission adaptive continuously variable transmission. Background Technology

[0002] In vehicle engineering, the transmission plays a crucial role in determining overall vehicle performance, impacting driving feel, fuel economy, and cost control. Currently available transmissions include AT, DCT, CVT, AMT, and manual MT. AT transmissions offer good driving quality and high reliability, but their technology is complex, costly, and fuel-inefficient. Dual-clutch DCTs are relatively inexpensive and fuel-efficient, but shift speed directly affects both driving feel and fuel economy. Due to their inherent structural characteristics, clutch wear can lead to a rapid decline in driving feel over time. CVTs theoretically offer relatively smoothness, and although steel belt transmission is inefficient, they still offer the best fuel economy. However, their friction-based transmission limits the amount of power they can deliver and reduces durability. All of the above transmissions are rigid transmissions, requiring automated control through human intervention, making it impossible to achieve optimal power and load matching. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a continuously variable transmission (CVT) capable of high-torque gear transmission that balances driving feel, fuel economy, reliability, durability, and lower manufacturing costs. Flexible transmission can automatically change speed according to changes in input power and load, thereby achieving the best matching effect between power and load. This invention can achieve this. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the above-mentioned technical problems, this invention discloses an energy storage transfer gear transmission adaptive continuously variable transmission.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to achieve the above objectives is as follows:

[0005] A single-stage differential speed-storage energy-storage transfer gear adaptive continuously variable transmission includes an input shaft, an output shaft, a planetary carrier, planetary gears, a sun gear, an outer gear ring, a transmission gear, a connecting shaft, and an energy-storage transfer case. At least two planetary gears are present, forming a planetary gear set. The sun gear, the planetary gear set, and the outer gear ring together form a planetary gear mechanism. The input shaft is connected to the planetary gear set via the planetary carrier and rotates synchronously. The output shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected to the sun gear and rotates synchronously. The transmission gear meshes with the outer wall of the outer gear ring. One end of the connecting shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected to the transmission gear, and the other end is coaxially and fixedly connected to the crankshaft of the energy-storage transfer case.

[0006] A method for implementing a single-stage speed-differential variable transmission with energy storage and adaptive continuously variable transmission using a gear drive:

[0007] A differential is set up with three rotating ends. One rotating end is used as the input end, one rotating end is used as the output end, and the remaining rotating end is connected to an energy storage transfer case. The energy storage transfer case limits the speed of the rotating end, thereby controlling the speed ratio between the output end and the input end.

[0008] A two-stage differential speed-switching energy storage transfer gear transmission adaptive continuously variable transmission includes an input shaft, an output shaft, an integrated external gear ring, a first-stage planetary carrier, first-stage planetary gears, a first-stage sun gear, a second-stage planetary carrier, second-stage planetary gears, a second-stage sun gear, a transmission gear, a connecting shaft, and an energy storage transfer case. The first-stage planetary gears are at least two in number, forming a first-stage planetary gear set; the second-stage planetary gears are at least two in number, forming a second-stage planetary gear set; the first-stage sun gear, the first-stage planetary gear set, and the external gear ring together form planetary gear mechanism A; the second-stage sun gear, the second-stage planetary gear set, and the external gear ring together form planetary gear mechanism B. The input shaft is connected to the first-stage planetary gear set via the first-stage planetary carrier and rotates synchronously. The first-stage sun gear is connected to the second-stage planetary gear set via the second-stage planetary carrier and rotates synchronously. The output shaft is coaxially fixedly connected to the second-stage sun gear and rotates synchronously. One end of the connecting shaft is coaxially fixedly connected to the transmission gear, and the other end is coaxially fixedly connected to the crankshaft of the energy storage transfer case.

[0009] A method for implementing a two-stage speed differential variable speed energy storage transfer gear transmission adaptive continuously variable transmission:

[0010] Two differentials are set up, each with three rotating ends. Two rotating ends of each differential are connected to two rotating ends of the other differential, and the remaining two ends are used as an input and an output, thus forming a high-speed ratio path and a low-speed ratio path. An energy storage transfer case is connected to the low-speed ratio path. The speed of the low-speed ratio path is limited by the energy storage transfer case, thereby controlling the speed ratio of the high-speed ratio path.

[0011] An energy storage transfer case includes a hydraulic cylinder, a crankshaft, a connecting rod, piston A, piston B, a spring, solenoid valve A, solenoid valve B, an oil inlet, an oil return port, and an air supply port. Piston A and piston B are mounted inside the hydraulic cylinder, sealed with air between them. Piston A is located on the sealed side of the hydraulic cylinder, and piston B is located on the open side. Piston B is connected to the crankshaft via the connecting rod. Piston A includes an intermediate rod penetrating the sealed end of the hydraulic cylinder. A fixing plate is fixed to the other end of the intermediate rod, and the spring is fitted between the fixing plate and the hydraulic cylinder via the intermediate rod. Solenoid valve A is installed between the oil inlet and the oil return port. One end of solenoid valve B is connected between the oil inlet and solenoid valve A, and the other end communicates with the sealed end of the hydraulic cylinder. An air supply port and an air supply check valve are provided on the side wall of the hydraulic cylinder near piston B, located within the stroke of piston B.

[0012] An energy storage transfer case includes a cylinder, a crankshaft, a connecting rod, a piston B, a valve, and a gas inlet / outlet. A partition is disposed inside the cylinder near the sealed side, and the valve is mounted on the partition. The valve connects the spaces on both sides of the partition and its opening is adjustable. The piston B moves between the partition and the open end within the cylinder. The piston B is connected to the crankshaft via the connecting rod. The gas inlet / outlet is disposed on the side of the cylinder and is located near the lower dead center position within the piston B's stroke.

[0013] A matching method for input power, energy storage transfer case volume compression, and maximum output torque of an energy storage transfer case adaptive continuously variable transmission (CVT) with energy storage transfer case volume compression and maximum output torque, wherein the power source is a constant speed and constant power motor, and the power source is connected to a torque sensor connected to the transmission of the present invention connected to the load end.

[0014] With a preset compression ratio P, as the resistance at the load end is gradually increased, the transfer case speed will accelerate from zero, the output shaft speed will slow down, and the torque sensor reading will increase until the torque sensor reading equals the motor's rated output torque. At this point, the output shaft speed is recorded, and the required speed or torque at the load end is matched based on the ratio of the output shaft speed to the input shaft speed. This compression ratio P is the calibrated compression ratio. If increasing the resistance at the load end is insufficient to make the transfer case drive shaft rotate, and the torque sensor reading reaches the rated output torque, then the preset compression ratio P is lowered. Conversely, if the output shaft is forced to stop rotating by the resistance, and the reading does not reach the rated output torque, then the preset compression ratio P is increased.

[0015] Preferably, if the output shaft speed is greater than the input shaft speed, the compression ratio P is reduced while the resistance at the load end is increased; conversely, the compression ratio P is increased while the resistance at the load end is reduced. This process is repeated until the output shaft speed is close to or equal to the input shaft speed, and the torque sensor reading is equal to the rated power of the motor. This compression ratio P is then the calibrated compression ratio.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0017] 1. The energy storage transfer case, input shaft, and output shaft will automatically adjust the speed ratio of each shaft under the influence of load and input power changes, so as to achieve the purpose of automatic acceleration and torque reduction when the load is small, and torque increase when the load is large, without the need for manual or artificial intelligence intervention.

[0018] 2. This invention can automatically change gears without shifting gears, resulting in smooth gear changes and a good driving experience.

[0019] 3. This invention does not have a synchronizer or other shifting components, and therefore does not cause clutch friction or impact on components during shifting;

[0020] 4. This invention does not involve friction transmission, so the amount of power transmitted is not limited, and it has high durability.

[0021] 5. The energy storage transfer case releases the absorbed energy again, and there is no significant energy loss during the speed change process, resulting in good economic efficiency.

[0022] 6. The present invention has a simple structure and low manufacturing cost.

[0023] 7. When the actual vehicle speed is very slow, the compression ratio of the energy storage transfer case can be temporarily lowered than the rated compression ratio, reducing the ratio of the output shaft speed to the input shaft speed. This prevents the power unit from stalling due to excessively low speed. At this time, the power source outputs partial power, enabling the vehicle to creep along, equivalent to the semi-clutch state of a conventional gearbox. However, this invention eliminates clutch wear and heat generation under these conditions, improving adaptability and reliability in low-speed operation. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a single-stage speed difference variable speed energy storage transfer gear transmission adaptive continuously variable transmission according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the implementation method of a single-stage speed difference variable speed energy storage transfer gear transmission adaptive continuously variable transmission according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of an energy storage transfer case according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4This is a structural diagram of a two-stage speed difference variable speed energy storage transfer gear transmission adaptive continuously variable transmission according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the implementation method of a two-stage speed difference variable speed energy storage transfer gear transmission adaptive continuously variable transmission according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an energy storage transfer device according to the present invention.

[0030] In the diagram: 101 Hydraulic cylinder, 102 Crankshaft, 103 Connecting rod, 104 Piston A, 105 Piston B, 106 Spring, 107 Solenoid valve A, 108 Solenoid valve B, 109 Oil inlet, 110 Oil return port, 111 Air supply port, 112 Air valve, 113 Cylinder, 114 Gas inlet / outlet, 201 Input shaft, 202 Output shaft, 203 Planetary carrier, 204 Planetary gear, 205 Sun gear, 206 External gear ring, 207 Transmission gear, 208 Connecting shaft, 301 Integrated external gear ring, 302 First-stage planetary carrier, 303 First-stage planetary gear, 304 First-stage sun gear, 305 Second-stage planetary carrier, 306 Second-stage planetary gear, 307 Second-stage sun gear. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments, so as to make the technical solution of the present invention easier to understand and master, rather than to limit the present invention.

[0032] Example 1:

[0033] See Figure 3This embodiment provides an energy storage transfer case, including a hydraulic cylinder 101, a crankshaft 102, a connecting rod 103, piston A 104, piston B 105, a spring 106, solenoid valve A 107, solenoid valve B 108, an oil inlet 109, and an oil return port 110. Piston A 104 and piston B 105 are installed inside the hydraulic cylinder 101, and a gas seal is formed between them. Piston A 104 is located on the sealed side of the hydraulic cylinder 101, and piston B 105 is located on the open side of the piston. Piston B 105 is connected to the crankshaft 102 via the connecting rod 103. Piston A 104 includes an intermediate rod that passes through the sealed end of the hydraulic cylinder. A fixing plate is fixed to the other end of the intermediate rod, and a spring 106 is fitted between the fixing plate and the hydraulic cylinder 101 via the intermediate rod. A solenoid valve A 107 is installed between the oil inlet 109 and the oil return port 110. One end of the solenoid valve B 108 is connected to the oil inlet 109 and the solenoid valve A 107. Between 107, the other end is connected to the sealing end of hydraulic cylinder 101; between piston A 104 and piston B 105, near piston B 105, the side wall of hydraulic cylinder 101 is provided with air supply port 111 and air supply check valve, located within the stroke of piston B 105.

[0034] The working principle of this energy storage transfer case is as follows:

[0035] The rotation of crankshaft 102 drives piston B 105 to reciprocate. When the gas is compressed, piston B 105 does work against the gas pressure, and the elastic potential energy of the compressed gas increases. When the compressed gas rebounds, the elastic potential energy of the gas is released, and the released energy is transmitted to crankshaft 102.

[0036] When solenoid valve B 108 opens and solenoid valve A 107 closes, hydraulic oil enters hydraulic cylinder 101, piston A 104 moves downward, gas pressure increases, and compression ratio increases;

[0037] When solenoid valve B 108 is closed and solenoid valve A 107 is open, hydraulic oil enters directly from inlet 109 to outlet 110, and the compression ratio remains unchanged.

[0038] When solenoid valve B 108 opens and solenoid valve A 107 opens, the oil in hydraulic cylinder 101 flows back to return port 110 under the action of gas pressure and spring 106, the gas pressure decreases, and the compression ratio decreases.

[0039] Example 2:

[0040] See Figure 4Another energy storage transfer case provided in this embodiment includes a cylinder 113, a crankshaft 102, a connecting rod 103, a piston B 105, a valve 112, and a gas inlet / outlet 114. A partition is provided inside the cylinder 113 near the sealed side, and a valve 112 is installed on the partition. The valve 112 connects the spaces on both sides of the partition and can adjust the opening. The piston B 105 moves between the partition and the open end inside the cylinder 113. The piston B 105 is connected to the crankshaft 102 through the connecting rod 103. A gas inlet / outlet 114 is provided on the side of the cylinder 113, and the gas inlet / outlet 114 is located near the lower dead center position within the stroke of the piston B 105.

[0041] The working principle of this energy storage transfer case is as follows:

[0042] Adjusting the opening of the air valve 111 changes the compression ratio of the gas between the baffle plate inside the cylinder 113 and the piston B 105. When the piston B 105 moves to the vicinity of the opening end of the cylinder 113, the gas inlet / outlet 114 automatically replenishes the cylinder 113 with gas to the set pressure, thereby ensuring that the initial pressure of the compressed gas is the same each time. This embodiment has low requirements for the sealing performance of the piston B 105.

[0043] Example 3:

[0044] See Figures 1 to 4 A single-stage differential speed-storage energy transfer gear transmission adaptive continuously variable transmission includes an input shaft 201, a planetary carrier 203, planetary gears 204, a sun gear 205, an outer gear ring 206, an output shaft 202, a transmission gear 207, and a connecting shaft 208. There are at least two planetary gears 204. The sun gear 205, planetary gears 204, and outer gear ring 206 together form a planetary gear mechanism. The input shaft 201 is connected to the planetary gears 204 via the planetary carrier 203 and rotates synchronously. The output shaft 202 is coaxially fixedly connected to the sun gear 205 and rotates synchronously. The transmission gear 207 meshes with the outer wall of the outer gear ring 206. One end of the connecting shaft 208 is coaxially fixedly connected to the transmission gear 207, and the other end is coaxially fixedly connected to the crankshaft 102 of the energy transfer unit.

[0045] The working principle of a single-stage speed-differential variable transmission energy storage transfer gear transmission adaptive continuously variable transmission is as follows:

[0046] When the load is zero, the external gear ring 206 does not rotate, and the speed ratio between the output shaft 202 and the input shaft 201 is at its maximum. As the load increases, while the constraint force provided by the energy storage transfer case remains unchanged, the speed of the external gear ring 206 gradually increases, and the speed ratio between the output shaft 202 and the input shaft 201 gradually decreases. This achieves the purpose of automatic acceleration and torque reduction when the load decreases, and vice versa.

[0047] On the other hand, the gear ratio of the transmission can also be changed by adjusting the compression ratio of the energy storage transfer case, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the constraint force provided by the energy storage transfer case.

[0048] Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for implementing a single-stage speed differential variable transmission with energy storage transfer gear transmission: a differential is set up with three rotating ends, one of which is used as the input end, one of which is used as the output end, and the remaining rotating end is connected to the energy storage transfer gear; the rotational speed of the rotating end is limited by the energy storage transfer gear, thereby controlling the speed ratio between the output end and the input end.

[0049] Example 4:

[0050] See Figures 3 to 6 A two-stage differential speed-storage energy-storage transfer gear adaptive continuously variable transmission (CVT), characterized in that it includes an input shaft 201, an output shaft 202, an integrated external gear ring 301, a first-stage planetary carrier 302, a first-stage planetary gear 303, a first-stage sun gear 304, a second-stage planetary carrier 305, a second-stage planetary gear 306, a second-stage sun gear 307, a transmission gear 207, a connecting shaft 208, and an energy-storage transfer case; there are at least two first-stage planetary gears 303, at least two second-stage planetary gears up to 306, and a total of [missing information - likely referring to components such as the first-stage sun gear 304, first-stage planetary gear 303, and integrated external gear ring 301]. The first-stage planetary gear mechanism is composed of the second-stage sun gear 307, the second-stage planetary gear 306, and the integrated external gear ring 301. The input shaft 201 is connected to the first-stage planetary gear 303 through the first-stage planetary carrier 302 and rotates synchronously. The first-stage sun gear 304 is connected to the second-stage planetary gear 306 through the second-stage planetary carrier 305 and rotates synchronously. The output shaft 202 is coaxially fixedly connected to the second-stage sun gear 307 and rotates synchronously. One end of the connecting shaft 208 is coaxially fixedly connected to the transmission gear 207, and the other end is coaxially fixedly connected to the crankshaft 102 of the energy storage transfer case.

[0051] The working principle of a two-stage differential speed-storage energy transfer gear transmission adaptive continuously variable transmission is as follows:

[0052] When the load is zero, the integrated external gear ring 301 does not rotate, and the speed ratio between the output shaft 202 and the input shaft 201 is at its maximum. As the load increases, while the constraint force provided by the energy storage transfer case remains constant, the speed of the integrated external gear ring 301 gradually increases, and the speed ratio between the output shaft 202 and the input shaft 201 gradually decreases. This achieves the purpose of automatic acceleration and torque reduction when the load decreases, and vice versa.

[0053] On the other hand, the gear ratio of the transmission can also be changed by adjusting the compression ratio of the energy storage transfer case, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the constraint force provided by the energy storage transfer case.

[0054] Furthermore, this invention provides a method for implementing a two-stage speed differential energy storage transfer gear transmission adaptive continuously variable transmission: two differentials are set up, each differential has three rotating ends, two of the rotating ends of each differential are respectively connected to two rotating ends of the other differential, and the remaining two ends are used as an input end and an output end, thereby forming a high-speed ratio path and a low-speed ratio path, and an energy storage transfer device is connected on the low-speed ratio path; the speed of the low-speed ratio path is limited by the energy storage transfer device, thereby controlling the speed ratio of the high-speed ratio path.

[0055] For Examples 2 and 3, assuming the volume compression of the gas inside the energy storage transfer case is V, the compression ratio is P, the input power is W, and the maximum torque of the output shaft is N, the relationship is W=PVNK when the speed-increasing or speed-reducing gears connected to the output shaft are not considered. Here, K is the speed-increasing ratio coefficient, which is related to the internal gear ratio of the differential and the gear ratio connecting the differential and the energy storage transfer case. K remains constant once the gears of the differential are selected.

[0056] In the implementation methods disclosed in Embodiments 3 and 4, the differential can be a planetary differential or a common differential, with a planetary differential being preferred.

[0057] Because this invention uses a flexible transmission, unlike rigid transmissions where the torque output can be calculated directly from the speed ratio, this invention requires a more precise matching of the input power, the volume compression of the energy storage transfer case, and the maximum output torque. The specific matching method is as follows:

[0058] The power source is connected to the torque sensor, which in turn connects to the transmission of this invention, which is connected to the load end. If the power source is a constant-speed, constant-power motor, with a preset compression ratio P, the resistance at the load end is gradually increased. The speed of the energy storage transfer case will accelerate from zero, the speed of the output shaft will decrease, and the torque sensor reading will increase until the torque sensor reading equals the rated output torque of the motor. The speed of the output shaft is then recorded. The required speed or torque at the load end is matched based on the ratio of the output shaft speed to the input shaft speed, and the compression ratio P is then the calibrated compression ratio. If increasing the resistance at the load end is insufficient to make the transfer case drive shaft rotate, the torque sensor reading will reach the rated output torque, and the preset compression ratio will be lowered. Conversely, if the preset compression ratio is too low, when the output shaft is forced to stop rotating by the resistance, the reading will not reach the rated output torque, resulting in partial power output, and the preset compression ratio needs to be increased.

[0059] A preferred matching is that the output shaft speed equals the input shaft speed. Firstly, this allows for matching with the required speed of the load, similar to existing transmissions, without the need for recalculation. Secondly, it allows for a wider speed range, which can be directly calculated from the differential's internal gear ratios. The specific method is as follows:

[0060] A certain resistance is applied to the load end, and the compression ratio is gradually increased from the minimum until the torque sensor reading equals the rated output torque of the engine. Simultaneously, the output shaft speed is recorded. If the output shaft speed is greater than the input shaft speed, the compression ratio is decreased while the resistance at the load end is increased; conversely, the compression ratio is increased while the resistance at the load end is decreased. This process is repeated until the output shaft speed approaches or equals the input shaft speed, and the sensor reading equals the rated value. This compression ratio is the calibrated compression ratio. At this point, when the output shaft is in its maximum torque output state, its speed ratio to the input shaft speed is 1:1. This can be directly considered as power matching between the engine's output shaft and the load end.

[0061] If the power source is an engine, the engine's operating speed range needs to be determined, including a minimum operating speed and a maximum operating speed, thereby determining a minimum output power and a maximum output power. During matching, priority should be given to ensuring the minimum operating speed is sufficient to drive the vehicle at its lowest speed, such as when the engine is operating at 1000 rpm and driving the vehicle at 5 km / h, preventing the engine from stalling due to insufficient torque output. First, determine the rated torque output by the engine at 1000 rpm. Then, using the same method as for rated power, determine the calibrated compression ratio at full power output. The preferred matching is where the transmission output shaft speed at 1000 rpm is also the calibrated compression ratio at 1000 rpm. The advantage of this matching is that the transmission output shaft can be considered as the engine's output shaft, and the reduction or acceleration gears can be matched with reference to the starting gears of existing transmissions. After determining the gear ratios at the transmission output, perform power matching at the maximum speed using the same method to calibrate the compression ratio. However, since the gear ratio at the transmission output is already determined, when calibrating the maximum compression ratio, the output shaft speed of this invention, matched with the engine's lowest speed output power, should be used as the maximum output torque to match the compression ratio. For example, if the engine's output speed is 1000 RPM and the transmission output shaft speed is also 1000 RPM, and the engine's maximum operating speed is set to 5000 RPM, the torque sensor reading at the output shaft speed of this invention should be matched to the engine's rated output torque at 5000 RPM, based on the engine's power and torque at 5000 RPM. In other words, the maximum output torque of this invention's output shaft is exactly 1000 RPM. The compression ratio is calibrated based on this speed. After calibrating the compression ratio, it is adjusted according to the engine's real-time speed, power, corresponding rated torque, and different operating conditions of the vehicle. The real-time compression ratio curve should always be set with the output shaft speed of this invention at 1000 RPM as the maximum output torque.

[0062] When the vehicle's actual driving speed is very slow, the compression ratio of the adjustable energy storage transfer case can be temporarily lowered than the rated compression ratio, reducing the ratio of the output shaft speed to the input shaft speed. This prevents the power unit from stalling due to excessively low speed. In this state, the power source outputs partial power, enabling the vehicle to creep along, equivalent to the semi-clutch state of a conventional transmission. However, this invention eliminates clutch wear and heat generation under these conditions, improving adaptability and reliability in low-speed driving.

[0063] The most significant feature of this invention is that the energy storage transfer case, input shaft, and output shaft automatically adjust their speed ratios according to changes in load and input power. This achieves the goal of automatically accelerating and reducing torque when the load decreases, and vice versa.

[0064] The above description only details the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy storage transfer case, comprising a hydraulic cylinder, a crankshaft, a connecting rod, piston A, piston B, a spring, solenoid valve A, solenoid valve B, an oil inlet, an oil return port, and an air supply port, characterized in that: Piston A and piston B are installed inside the hydraulic cylinder, with air sealed between them. Piston A is located on the sealed side of the hydraulic cylinder, and piston B is located on the open side. Piston B is connected to the crankshaft via a connecting rod. Piston A includes an intermediate rod that passes through the sealed end of the hydraulic cylinder. A fixing plate is fixed to the other end of the intermediate rod. A spring is fitted between the fixing plate and the hydraulic cylinder via the intermediate rod. Solenoid valve A is installed between the oil inlet and the oil return port. One end of solenoid valve B is connected between the oil inlet and solenoid valve A, and the other end communicates with the sealed end of the hydraulic cylinder. An air supply port and an air supply check valve are provided on the side wall of the hydraulic cylinder near piston B, located within the stroke of piston B.

2. An energy storage transfer case, comprising a cylinder, a crankshaft, a connecting rod, a piston B, a valve, and a gas inlet / outlet, characterized in that: A baffle is provided inside the cylinder near the sealing side. The air valve is installed on the baffle. The air valve connects the spaces on both sides of the baffle and can adjust the opening. The piston B moves between the baffle and the opening end inside the cylinder. The piston B is connected to the crankshaft through the connecting rod. The gas inlet and outlet are provided on the side of the cylinder. The gas inlet and outlet are located near the lower dead center position within the stroke of piston B.

3. A method for implementing a single-stage speed-difference variable speed energy storage transfer gear transmission adaptive continuously variable transmission, characterized in that: A differential is provided with three rotating ends, one of which serves as the input end, one as the output end, and the remaining rotating end is connected to the energy storage transfer case as described in claim 1 or claim 2; the energy storage transfer case limits the rotational speed of the rotating end, thereby controlling the speed ratio between the output end and the input end.

4. A method for implementing a two-stage speed-differential variable transmission with energy storage and transfer gear transmission, characterized in that: Two differentials are provided, each with three rotating ends. Two rotating ends of each differential are connected to two rotating ends of the other differential, and the remaining two ends are used as an input and an output, thus forming a high-speed ratio path and a low-speed ratio path. The energy storage transfer case of claim 1 or claim 2 is connected to the low-speed ratio path. The speed of the low-speed ratio path is limited by the energy storage transfer case, thereby controlling the speed ratio of the high-speed ratio path.

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