Positioning measurement data reported via L1 or L2 signaling

Abstract

A technology for wireless communication is disclosed. In one aspect, a first communication node (e.g., UE, BS, etc.) obtains one or more measurements associated with one or more PRSs (e.g., uplink PRSs, downlink PRSs, etc.). The first communication node transmits a report based on the one or more measurements to a second communication node (e.g., UE, BS, etc.) via L1 or L2 signaling. The second communication node receives the report and performs a position calculation function based on the report.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 966,516, filed on January 27, 2020, entitled “POSITIONING MEASUREMENT DATAREPORTED VIA L1 OR L2 SIGNALING,” and U.S. Non-Provisional Application No. 17 / 157,241, filed on January 25, 2021, entitled “POSITIONING MEASUREMENT DATAREPORTED VIA L1 OR L2 SIGNALING,” both of which are assigned to the assignee of this application and are hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0003] Public background

[0004] I. Public Domain

[0005] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications.

[0006] II. Description of Related Art

[0007] Wireless communication systems have evolved over several generations, including first generation analog wireless telephone service (1G), second generation (2G) digital wireless telephone service (including transitional 2.5G networks), third generation (3G) high-speed data wireless service with Internet capabilities, and fourth generation (4G) services (e.g., LTE or WiMax). There are many different types of wireless communication systems in use today, including cellular and personal communications service (PCS) systems. Examples of known cellular systems include the cellular analog Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), global system for mobile access (GSM) TDMA variants, and the like.

[0008] The fifth generation (5G) wireless standard, known as New Radio (NR), enables higher data transmission speeds, a greater number of connections, and better coverage, among other improvements. According to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance, the 5G standard is designed to provide data rates of tens of megabits per second to each of tens of thousands of users, and 1 gigabit per second to dozens of employees on an office floor. Hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections should be supported to support large wireless sensor deployments. Therefore, the spectral efficiency of 5G mobile communications should be significantly improved compared to the current 4G standard. In addition, signaling efficiency should be improved and latency should be significantly reduced compared to the current standard.

[0009] Overview

[0010] A simplified summary of one or more aspects disclosed herein is given below. Thus, the following summary should neither be considered an exhaustive overview of all contemplated aspects, nor should the following summary be considered to identify key or decisive elements related to all contemplated aspects or to delineate the scope associated with any particular aspect. Accordingly, the sole purpose of the following summary is to present certain concepts related to one or more aspects of the mechanisms disclosed herein in a simplified form prior to the detailed description given below.

[0011] In an aspect, a first communication node obtains one or more measurements associated with one or more positioning reference signals (PRS); and transmits a report based on the one or more measurements to a second communication node via L1 or L2 signaling.

[0012] In another aspect, the second communication node receives a report based on one or more measurements associated with one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) from the first communication node via L1 or L2 signaling; and performs a position calculation function based on the report.

[0013] On the other hand, a first communication node includes: a memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: obtain one or more measurements associated with one or more positioning reference signals (PRS); and transmit a report based on the one or more measurements to a second communication node via L1 or L2 signaling.

[0014] On the other hand, a second communication node includes: a memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: receive a report based on one or more measurements associated with one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) from a first communication node via L1 or L2 signaling; and perform a position calculation function based on the report.

[0015] In another aspect, a first communication node includes means for obtaining one or more measurements associated with one or more positioning reference signals (PRS); and means for transmitting a report based on the one or more measurements to a second communication node via L1 or L2 signaling.

[0016] In another aspect, a second communication node includes means for receiving a report based on one or more measurements associated with one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) from a first communication node via L1 or L2 signaling; and means for performing a position calculation function based on the report.

[0017] On the other hand, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions, which include: at least one instruction instructing a first communication node to obtain one or more measurements associated with one or more positioning reference signals (PRS); and at least one instruction instructing the first communication node to transmit a report based on the one or more measurements to a second communication node via L1 or L2 signaling.

[0018] On the other hand, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions, which include: at least one instruction instructing a second communication node to receive a report based on one or more measurements associated with one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) from a first communication node via L1 or L2 signaling; and at least one instruction instructing the second communication node to perform a position calculation function based on the report.

[0019] Other objects and advantages associated with the various aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the accompanying drawings and detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings are presented to aid in describing various aspects of the disclosure and are provided solely for the purpose of illustrating these aspects and not limiting thereof.

[0022] Figure 1

[0013] An exemplary wireless communication system in accordance with various aspects is illustrated.

[0023] Figure 2A and Figure 2B

[0013] Example wireless network structures in accordance with various aspects are illustrated.

[0024] FIG. 3A to FIG. 3C is a simplified block diagram of several sample aspects of components that may be employed in a wireless communication node and configured to support communications as taught herein.

[0025] Figure 4A and Figure 4B is a diagram illustrating examples of frame structures and channels within these frame structures in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 5 Exemplary PRS configurations for cells supported by a wireless node are illustrated.

[0027] Figure 6 and Figure 7 A method of wireless communication according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0028] Detailed Description

[0029] Various aspects of the present disclosure are provided in the following description and related drawings for various examples provided for illustrative purposes. Alternative aspects may be designed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, well-known elements in the present disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted to avoid obscuring the relevant details of the present disclosure.

[0030] The words "exemplary" and / or "example" are used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" and / or "example" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or superior to other aspects. Likewise, the term "aspects of the disclosure" does not require that all aspects of the disclosure include the discussed feature, advantage, or mode of operation.

[0031] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the information and signals described below may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout the following description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof, depending in part on the specific application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, etc.

[0032] In addition, many aspects are described in the form of a sequence of actions performed by, for example, elements of a computing device. It will be appreciated that the various actions described herein can be performed by a dedicated circuit (e.g., an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), by program instructions being executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of the two. In addition, the sequence of actions described herein may be considered to be fully embodied in any form of non-transient computer-readable storage medium, which stores a corresponding set of computer instructions that, upon execution, will cause or instruct the associated processor of the device to perform the functionality described herein. Thus, various aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in several different forms, all of which have been conceived to fall within the scope of the claimed subject matter. In addition, for each aspect described herein, the corresponding form of any such aspect may be described herein as, for example, "logic configured to perform the described actions."

[0033] As used herein, the terms "user equipment" (UE) and "base station" are not intended to be dedicated to or otherwise limited to any particular radio access technology (RAT), unless otherwise specified. In general, a UE can be any wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, a router, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a tracking device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, glasses, an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) head-mounted device, etc.), a vehicle (e.g., a car, a motorcycle, a bicycle, etc.), an Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.) used by a user to communicate on a wireless communication network. A UE can be mobile or can be stationary (e.g., at certain times) and can communicate with a radio access network (RAN). As used herein, the term "UE" can be interchangeably referred to as an "access terminal" or "AT", "client device", "wireless device", "subscriber equipment", "subscriber terminal", "subscriber station", "user terminal" or UT, "mobile terminal", "mobile station", or variations thereof. In general, a UE can communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network, the UE can connect to external networks (such as the Internet) and other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UE, such as through a wired access network, a wireless local area network (WLAN) network (eg, based on IEEE 802.11, etc.), and the like.

[0034] A base station may operate according to one of several RATs when in communication with a UE, depending on the network in which it is deployed, and may be referred to alternatively as an access point (AP), a network node, a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a new radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as a gNB or gNodeB), etc. In addition, in some systems, a base station may provide pure edge node signaling functions, while in other systems, a base station may provide additional control and / or network management functions. The communication link by which a UE may send a signal to a base station is referred to as an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse control channel, an access channel, etc.). The communication link by which a base station may send a signal to a UE is referred to as a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, a broadcast channel, a forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein, the term traffic channel (TCH) may refer to a UL / reverse or DL / forward traffic channel.

[0035] The term "base station" may refer to a single physical transmit receive point (TRP) or may refer to multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located. For example, where the term "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be a base station antenna corresponding to a cell of the base station. Where the term "base station" refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP may be an antenna array of a base station (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming). Where the term "base station" refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transmission medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, the non-co-located physical TRPs may be a serving base station that receives measurement reports from a UE and a neighbor base station for which the UE is measuring a reference RF signal. Since the TRP is the point from which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, as used herein, references to transmissions from or receptions at a base station should be understood as references to the specific TRP of that base station.

[0036] An "RF signal" includes an electromagnetic wave of a given frequency that transmits information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may transmit a single "RF signal" or multiple "RF signals" to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, a receiver may receive multiple "RF signals" corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same RF signal transmitted on different paths between a transmitter and a receiver may be referred to as a "multipath" RF signal.

[0037] According to various aspects, Figure 1 An exemplary wireless communication system 100 is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 (which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include various base stations 102 and various UEs 104. The base stations 102 may include macrocell base stations (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (low-power cellular base stations). In one aspect, the macrocell base stations may include eNBs (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an LTE network), or gNBs (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an NR network), or a combination of both, and the small cell base stations may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.

[0038] The base stations 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a next generation core (NGC)) through backhaul links 122, and through the core network 170 to one or more location servers 172. The base stations 102 may perform, among other functions, functions related to one or more of delivery of user data, radio channel cryptography and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (such as handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), evolved multimedia broadcast multicast service (eMBMS), 5G multicast broadcast service (MBS) subscriber and equipment tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and alert messages. Base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (eg, through an EPC / NGC) over a backhaul link 134, which may be wired or wireless.

[0039] Base stations 102 may communicate wirelessly with UEs 104. Each base station 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. In one aspect, one or more cells may be supported by base stations 102 in each coverage area 110. A "cell" is a logical communication entity used to communicate with a base station (e.g., on a certain frequency resource, which is referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, frequency band, etc.), and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCI), a virtual cell identifier (VCI)) to distinguish cells operating via the same or different carrier frequencies. In some cases, different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine type communication (MTC), narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or others) that may provide access to different types of UEs. Since a cell is supported by a specific base station, the term "cell" may refer to either or both of a logical communication entity and a base station supporting the logical communication entity, depending on the context. In some cases, the term “cell” may also refer to a geographic coverage area (eg, a sector) of a base station, in the sense that a carrier frequency may be detected and used for communications within some portion of geographic coverage area 110 .

[0040] Although the geographic coverage areas 110 of adjacent macrocell base stations 102 may partially overlap (e.g., in a handoff region), some geographic coverage areas 110 may be substantially overlapped by a larger geographic coverage area 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' may have a coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the coverage areas 110 of one or more macrocell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell and macrocell base stations may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home eNB (HeNB), which may provide service to a restricted group referred to as a closed subscriber group (CSG).

[0041] The communication link 120 between the base station 102 and the UE 104 may include UL (also known as reverse link) transmissions from the UE 104 to the base station 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also known as forward link) transmissions from the base station 102 to the UE 104. The communication link 120 may use MIMO antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link 120 may be over one or more carrier frequencies. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to DL than to UL).

[0042] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) 150 in communication with a WLAN station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in an unlicensed spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz). When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and / or the WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure to determine whether a channel is available before communicating.

[0043] The small cell base station 102' may operate in a licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed spectrum, the small cell base station 102' may employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum as that used by the WLAN AP 150. The small cell base station 102' employing LTE / 5G in the unlicensed spectrum may boost coverage and / or increase capacity of the access network. NR in the unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as NR-U. LTE in the unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as LTE-U, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), or MulteFire.

[0044] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a millimeter wave (mmW) base station 180, which can operate in mmW frequencies and / or near mmW frequencies to communicate with UE 182. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 mm and 10 mm. The radio waves in this band may be referred to as millimeter waves. Near mmW can be extended downward to a 3 GHz frequency with a wavelength of 100 mm. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, which is also referred to as centimeter waves. Communications using mmW / near mmW radio frequency bands have high path loss and relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 can utilize beamforming (transmitting and / or receiving) on ​​the mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range. In addition, it will be appreciated that in an alternative configuration, one or more base stations 102 may also use mmW or near mmW and beamforming for transmission. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the foregoing explanation is merely an example, and should not be construed as limiting the various aspects disclosed herein.

[0045] Transmit beamforming is a technique for focusing an RF signal in a specific direction. Conventionally, when a network node (e.g., a base station) broadcasts an RF signal, the network node broadcasts the signal in all directions (omnidirectionally). With transmit beamforming, the network node determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thereby providing a faster (in terms of data rate) and stronger RF signal to the receiving device. In order to change the directionality of the RF signal when transmitting, the network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of the one or more transmitters that are broadcasting the RF signal. For example, a network node can use an antenna array (referred to as a "phased array" or "antenna array") that generates a beam of RF waves, and the beam of the RF wave can be "guided" to point to different directions without actually moving the antennas. Specifically, the RF current from the transmitter is fed to the individual antennas in the correct phase relationship so that the radio waves from the separate antennas are added together in the desired direction to increase the radiation, and canceled in the undesired direction to suppress the radiation.

[0046] The transmit beams can be quasi-colocated, which means that they appear to the receiver (e.g., UE) to have the same parameters, regardless of whether the transmit antennas of the network nodes themselves are physically colocated. In NR, there are four types of quasi-colocation (QCL) relationships. Specifically, a given type of QCL relationship means that certain parameters about the second reference RF signal on the second beam can be derived from information about the source reference RF signal on the source beam. Therefore, if the source reference RF signal is QCL type A, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type C, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type D, the receiver may use the source reference RF signal to estimate spatial reception parameters of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.

[0047] In receive beamforming, a receiver uses a receive beam to amplify an RF signal detected on a given channel. For example, a receiver may increase the gain setting of an antenna array and / or adjust the phase setting of an antenna array in a particular direction to amplify (e.g., increase its gain level) the RF signal received from that direction. Thus, when a receiver is referred to as beamforming in a certain direction, this means that the beam gain in that direction is high relative to the beam gain along other directions, or the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gain in that direction for all other receive beams available to the receiver. This results in a stronger received signal strength (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), etc.) for the RF signal received from that direction.

[0048] The receive beams may be spatially correlated. The spatial relationship means that the parameters of the transmit beam for the second reference signal may be derived from information about the receive beam for the first reference signal. For example, the UE may use a particular receive beam to receive a reference downlink reference signal (e.g., a synchronization signal block (SSB)) from a base station. The UE may then form a transmit beam based on the parameters of the receive beam for sending an uplink reference signal (e.g., a sounding reference signal (SRS)) to the base station.

[0049] Note that depending on the entity forming the "downlink" beam, the beam can be a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if the base station is forming a downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to the UE, the downlink beam is a transmit beam. However, if the UE is forming a downlink beam, the downlink beam is a receive beam for receiving downlink reference signals. Similarly, depending on the entity forming the "uplink" beam, the beam can be a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if the base station is forming an uplink beam, the uplink beam is an uplink receive beam, and if the UE is forming an uplink beam, the uplink beam is an uplink transmit beam.

[0050] In 5G, the spectrum in which wireless nodes (e.g., base stations 102 / 180, UEs 104 / 182) operate is divided into multiple frequency ranges: FR1 (from 450 to 6000 MHz), FR2 (from 24250 to 52600 MHz), FR3 (above 52600 MHz), and FR4 (between FR1 and FR2). In a multi-carrier system (such as 5G), one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as the "primary carrier" or "anchor carrier" or "primary serving cell" or "PCell", and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as "secondary carriers" or "secondary serving cells" or "Scells". In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is a carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) utilized by the UE 104 / 182 and on the cell in which the UE 104 / 182 performs an initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates an RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all common control channels and UE-specific control channels, and can be a carrier in a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case). A secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2), which can be configured once an RRC connection is established between the UE 104 and the anchor carrier, and which can be used to provide additional radio resources. In some cases, the secondary carrier can be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier may contain only necessary signaling information and signals, for example, signaling information and signals that are UE-specific may not be present in the secondary carrier, because both the primary uplink and downlink carriers are typically UE-specific. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 in a cell may have different downlink primary carriers. This is also true for the uplink primary carrier. The network is able to change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. For example, this is done to balance the load on different carriers. Since a "serving cell" (whether PCell or SCell) corresponds to a carrier frequency / component carrier that a base station is using for communication, the terms "cell", "serving cell", "component carrier", "carrier frequency", etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0051] For example, still referring to Figure 1 , one of the frequencies utilized by the macrocell base station 102 may be an anchor carrier (or "PCell"), and the other frequencies utilized by the macrocell base station 102 and / or the mmW base station 180 may be secondary carriers ("Scells"). Simultaneous transmission and / or reception of multiple carriers enables the UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rate. For example, two 20 MHz aggregated carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically result in a two-fold increase in data rate (i.e., 40 MHz) compared to the data rate achieved by a single 20 MHz carrier.

[0052] The wireless communication system 100 may further include one or more UEs (such as UE 190) that are indirectly connected to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) or peer-to-peer (P2P) links. Figure 1 In the example of FIG. 1 , UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with a UE 104 connected to a base station 102 (e.g., UE 190 can indirectly obtain cellular connectivity therefrom), and a D2D P2P link 194 with a WLAN STA 152 connected to a WLAN AP 150 (UE 190 can indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity therefrom). In an example, the D2D P2P links 192 and 194 may use any well-known D2D RAT (such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), etc.) to support.

[0053] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a UE 164, which may communicate with the macrocell base station 102 via a communication link 120 and / or communicate with the mmW base station 180 via a mmW communication link 184. For example, the macrocell base station 102 may support a PCell and one or more SCells for the UE 164, and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.

[0054] According to various aspects, Figure 2AAn example wireless network structure 200 is illustrated. For example, NGC 210 (also referred to as "5GC") can be functionally viewed as control plane functions 214 (e.g., UE registration, authentication, network access, gateway selection, etc.) and user plane functions 212 (e.g., UE gateway functions, access to data networks, IP routing, etc.), which operate in coordination to form a core network. User plane interface (NG-U) 213 and control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect gNB 222 to NGC 210, in particular to control plane functions 214 and user plane functions 212. In additional configurations, eNB 224 can also be connected to NGC 210 via NG-C 215 to control plane functions 214 and NG-U 213 to user plane functions 212. In addition, eNB 224 can communicate directly with gNB 222 via backhaul connection 223. In some configurations, the new RAN 220 may have only one or more gNBs 222, while other configurations include both one or more eNBs 224 and one or more gNBs 222. The gNB 222 or the eNB 224 may be associated with a UE 204 (e.g., Figure 1 204). Another optional aspect may include a location server 230 that may be in communication with the NGC 210 to provide location assistance to the UE 204. The location server 230 may be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively may each correspond to a single server. The location server 230 may be configured to support one or more location services for the UE 204, which is capable of connecting to the location server 230 via the core network, the NGC 210, and / or via the Internet (not illustrated). In addition, the location server 230 may be integrated into a component of the core network, or alternatively may be external to the core network.

[0055] According to various aspects, Figure 2BAnother example wireless network structure 250 is illustrated. For example, the NGC 260 (also referred to as "5GC") can be functionally viewed as a control plane function provided by an access and mobility management function (AMF) / user plane function (UPF) 264, and a user plane function provided by a session management function (SMF) 262, which operate in coordination to form a core network (i.e., NGC 260). The user plane interface 263 and the control plane interface 265 connect the eNB 224 to the NGC 260, in particular to the SMF 262 and the AMF / UPF 264, respectively. In an additional configuration, the gNB 222 may also be connected to the NGC 260 via a control plane interface 265 to the AMF / UPF 264 and a user plane interface 263 to the SMF 262. In addition, the eNB 224 may communicate directly with the gNB 222 via a backhaul connection 223, whether or not there is gNB direct connectivity with the NGC 260. In some configurations, the new RAN 220 may have only one or more gNBs 222, while other configurations include both one or more eNBs 224 and one or more gNBs 222. A gNB 222 or an eNB 224 may communicate with a UE 204 (e.g., Figure 1 The base station of the new RAN 220 communicates with the AMF side of the AMF / UPF 264 through the N2 interface, and communicates with the UPF side of the AMF / UPF 264 through the N3 interface.

[0056] The functions of AMF include registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, session management (SM) messaging between UE204 and SMF 262, transparent proxy service for routing SM messages, access authentication and access authorization, short message service (SMS) messaging between UE 204 and short message service function (SMSF) (not shown), and security anchor functionality (SEAF). AMF also interacts with authentication server function (AUSF) (not shown) and UE 204, and receives intermediate keys established as a result of the UE 204 authentication process. In the case of authentication based on UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) Subscriber Identity Module (USIM), AMF retrieves security materials from AUSF. The functions of AMF also include security context management (SCM). SCM receives keys from SEAF, which are used by SCM to derive keys that vary from access network to access network. The functionality of the AMF also includes location service management for regulatory services, transmission of location service messages between the UE 204 and the location management function (LMF) 270 and between the new RAN 220 and the LMF 270, allocation of EPS bearer identifiers for interworking with the Evolved Packet System (EPS), and notification of mobility events for the UE 204. In addition, the AMF also supports the functionality of non-3GPP access networks.

[0057] The functions of the UPF include: acting as an anchor point for intra-RAT / inter-RAT mobility (when applicable), acting as an external protocol data unit (PDU) session point for interconnection to a data network (not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., gating, redirection, traffic steering), lawful interception (user plane collection), traffic usage reporting, user plane quality of service (QoS) handling (e.g., UL / DL rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in DL), UL traffic verification (mapping of service data flows (SDFs) to QoS flows), transport level packet marking in UL and DL, DL packet buffering and DL data notification triggering, and sending and forwarding one or more "end markers" to the source RAN node.

[0058] The functions of SMF 262 include session management, UE Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, configuration of traffic steering for routing traffic to the correct destination at UPF, control of part of policy implementation and QoS, and downlink data notification. The interface through which SMF 262 communicates with the AMF side of AMF / UPF 264 is called the N11 interface.

[0059] Another optional aspect may include an LMF 270 that may be in communication with the NGC 260 to provide location assistance for the UE 204. The LMF 270 may be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively may each correspond to a single server. The LMF 270 may be configured to support one or more location services for the UE 204, which may be connected to the LMF 270 via the core network, the NGC 260, and / or via the Internet (not illustrated).

[0060] Figure 3A , 3B 3C illustrate several sample components (represented by corresponding boxes) that may be incorporated into UE 302 (which may correspond to any UE described herein), base station 304 (which may correspond to any base station described herein), and network entity 306 (which may correspond to or embody any network function described herein, including location server 230 and LMF 270) to support file transfer operations as taught herein. It will be appreciated that these components may be implemented in different types of devices (e.g., in an ASIC, in a system on a chip (SoC), etc.) in different implementations. The illustrated components may also be incorporated into other devices in a communication system. For example, other devices in the system may include components similar to those described to provide similar functionality. In addition, a given device may include one or more of these components. For example, a device may include multiple transceiver components that enable the device to operate on multiple carriers and / or communicate via different technologies.

[0061] UE 302 and base station 304 each include a wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceiver 310 and 350, respectively, configured to communicate via one or more wireless communication networks (not shown) (such as NR network, LTE network, GSM network, etc.). WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 can be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356, respectively, for communicating with other network nodes (such as other UEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNBs, gNBs), etc.) on a wireless communication medium of interest (e.g., a certain set of time / frequency resources in a specific spectrum) via at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.). WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 can be configured in various ways according to the designated RAT to transmit and encode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.), and vice versa, respectively, to receive and decode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.). Specifically, transceivers 310 and 350 include one or more transmitters 314 and 354, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358, respectively, and one or more receivers 312 and 352, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358, respectively.

[0062] In at least some cases, the UE 302 and the base station 304 also include wireless local area network (WLAN) transceivers 320 and 360, respectively. The WLAN transceivers 320 and 360 can be connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, for communicating via at least one designated RAT (e.g., WiFi, LTE-D, The WLAN transceivers 320 and 360 may be configured in various ways according to the specified RAT to transmit and encode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.), and vice versa to receive and decode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.). Specifically, the transceivers 320 and 360 include one or more transmitters 324 and 364 to transmit and encode signals 328 and 368, respectively, and include one or more receivers 322 and 362 to receive and decode signals 328 and 368, respectively.

[0063] The transceiver circuitry including the transmitter and the receiver may include an integrated device (e.g., a transmitter circuit and a receiver circuit implemented as a single communication device) in some implementations, may include a separate transmitter device and a separate receiver device in some implementations, or may be implemented in other ways in other implementations. In one aspect, the transmitter may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 336, and 376) such as an antenna array, which permits the respective device to perform transmit "beamforming" as described herein. Similarly, the receiver may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 336, and 376) such as an antenna array, which permits the respective device to perform receive beamforming as described herein. In one aspect, the transmitter and the receiver may share the same plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 336, and 376) so that the respective device can only receive or transmit at a given time, but not both at the same time. The wireless communication devices of apparatus 302 and / or 304 (eg, one or both of transceivers 310 and 320 and / or one or both of transceivers 350 and 360) may also include a network listening module (NLM) or the like for performing various measurements.

[0064] In at least some cases, devices 302 and 304 also include satellite positioning system (SPS) receivers 330 and 370. SPS receivers 330 and 370 may be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376, respectively, for receiving SPS signals 338 and 378, respectively, such as global positioning system (GPS) signals, global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) signals, Galileo signals, BeiDou signals, Indian regional navigation satellite system (NAVIC), Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc. SPS receivers 330 and 370 may include any suitable hardware and / or software for receiving and processing SPS signals 338 and 378, respectively. SPS receivers 330 and 370 request information and operations from other systems as appropriate, and perform the necessary calculations to determine the location of devices 302 and 304 using measurements obtained by any suitable SPS algorithm.

[0065] The base station 304 and the network entity 306 each include (all) network interfaces 380 and 390, respectively, for communicating with other network entities. For example, the network interfaces 380 and 390 (e.g., one or more network access ports) may be configured to communicate with one or more network entities via a wired-based backhaul connection or a wireless backhaul connection. In some aspects, the network interfaces 380 and 390 may be implemented as transceivers configured to support wired-based signal communication or wireless signal communication. The communication may involve, for example, sending and receiving: messages, parameters, or other types of information.

[0066] The apparatuses 302, 304, and 306 also include other components that may be used in conjunction with the operations as disclosed herein. The UE 302 includes a processor circuit system that implements a processing system 332 for providing, for example, functionality related to false base station (FBS) detection as disclosed herein, and for providing other processing functionality. The base station 304 includes a processing system 384 for providing, for example, functionality related to FBS detection as disclosed herein, and for providing other processing functionality. The network entity 306 includes a processing system 394 for providing, for example, functionality related to FBS detection as disclosed herein, and for providing other processing functionality. In one aspect, the processing systems 332, 384, and 394 may include, for example, one or more general purpose processors, multi-core processors, ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices or processing circuit systems.

[0067] The apparatuses 302, 304, and 306 include memory circuitry implementing memory components 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., each including a memory device) for maintaining information (e.g., information indicating reserved resources, thresholds, parameters, etc.). In some cases, the apparatuses 302, 304, and 306 may include PRS measurement components 342 and 388, respectively. The PRS measurement modules 342 and 388, respectively, may be hardware circuits that are part of or coupled to the processing systems 332, 384, and 394, respectively, which, when executed, cause the apparatuses 302, 304, and 306 to perform the functionality described herein. Alternatively, the PRS measurement modules 342 and 388, respectively, may be memory modules (e.g., memory modules stored in the memory components 340, 386, and 396, respectively). Figure 3A -C), which, when executed by processing systems 332, 384, and 394, cause devices 302, 304, and 306 to perform the functionality described herein.

[0068] UE 302 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to processing system 332 to provide movement and / or orientation information that is independent of motion data derived from signals received by WWAN transceiver 310, WLAN transceiver 320, and / or GPS receiver 330. As an example, sensor 344 may include an accelerometer (e.g., a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device), a gyroscope, a geomagnetic sensor (e.g., a compass), an altimeter (e.g., a barometric altimeter), and / or any other type of motion detection sensor. In addition, sensor 344 may include multiple different types of devices and combine their outputs to provide motion information. For example, sensor 344 may use a combination of a multi-axis accelerometer and an orientation sensor to provide the ability to calculate positioning in a 2D and / or 3D coordinate system.

[0069] In addition, UE 302 includes a user interface 346 for providing indications to the user (e.g., audible and / or visual indications) and / or for receiving user input (e.g., when the user actuates a sensing device (such as a keypad, touch screen, microphone, etc.) Although not shown, devices 304 and 306 may also include a user interface.

[0070] Referring to the processing system 384 in more detail, in the downlink, IP packets from the network entity 306 may be provided to the processing system 384. The processing system 384 may implement functionality for the RRC layer, the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. The processing system 384 may provide RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting system information (e.g., master information block (MIB), system information block (SIB)), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, cipher decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with transmission of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0071] The transmitter 354 and the receiver 352 may implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, including the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) encoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The transmitter 354 handles the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The decoded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator may be used to determine coding and modulation schemes and for spatial processing. The channel estimates may be derived from reference signals and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 302. Each spatial stream may then be provided to one or more different antennas 356. The transmitter 354 may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0072] At UE 302, receiver 312 receives the signal through its corresponding antenna 316. Receiver 312 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to processing system 332. Transmitter 314 and receiver 312 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Receiver 312 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for UE 302. If there are multiple spatial streams destined for UE 302, they can be combined into a single OFDM symbol stream by receiver 312. Receiver 312 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, as well as the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the signal constellation point most likely transmitted by base station 304. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by a channel estimator. These soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted on the physical channel by the base station 304. These data and control signals are then provided to the processing system 332 that implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0073] In the UL, the processing system 332 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, cipher decoding, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the core network. The processing system 332 is also responsible for error detection.

[0074] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with DL transmissions performed by the base station 304, the processing system 332 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) capture, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with transmission of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0075] Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by base station 304 may be used by transmitter 314 to select appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by transmitter 314 may be provided to different antennas 316. Transmitter 314 may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0076] UL transmissions are processed at the base station 304 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver functionality at the UE 302. The receiver 352 receives the signal through its respective antenna 356. The receiver 352 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the processing system 384.

[0077] In the UL, the processing system 384 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, cipher decoding, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 302. The IP packets from the processing system 384 can be provided to the core network. The processing system 384 is also responsible for error detection.

[0078] For convenience, devices 302, 304 and / or 306 are Figure 3A -C is shown as including various components that may be configured according to the various examples described herein. However, it will be appreciated that the illustrated blocks may have different functionality in different designs.

[0079] The various components of devices 302, 304, and 306 may communicate with each other via data buses 334, 382, ​​and 392, respectively. Figures 3A-3C The components of can be implemented in various ways. In some implementations, Figures 3A-3CThe components may be implemented in one or more circuits, such as, for example, one or more processors and / or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processors). Here, each circuit may use and / or incorporate at least one memory component for storing information or executable code used by the circuit to provide this functionality. For example, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 310 to 346 may be implemented by the processor and memory components of UE 302 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriately configuring the processor components). Similarly, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 350 to 388 may be implemented by the processor and memory components of base station 304 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriately configuring the processor components). In addition, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 390 to 396 may be implemented by the processor and memory components of network entity 306 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriately configuring the processor components). For simplicity, various operations, actions, and / or functions are described herein as being performed by "UE", "by base station", "by positioning entity", etc. However, as will be appreciated, such operations, actions, and / or functions may actually be performed by a specific component or combination of components of the UE, base station, positioning entity, etc., such as processing systems 332, 384, 394, transceivers 310, 320, 350 and 360, memory components 340, 386 and 396, PRS measurement components 342 and 388, etc.

[0080] Figure 4A is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of a DL frame structure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Figure 4B is a diagram 430 illustrating an example of channels within a DL frame structure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels.

[0081] LTE and in some cases NR utilize OFDM on the downlink and single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink. However, unlike LTE, NR also has the option of using OFDM on the uplink. OFDM and SC-FDM divide the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are also often referred to as frequency modulation, frequency bins, etc. Each subcarrier can be modulated with data. In general, modulation symbols are sent in the frequency domain for OFDM and in the time domain for SC-FDM. The spacing between adjacent subcarriers can be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) can depend on the system bandwidth. For example, the spacing of the subcarriers can be 15kHz, and the minimum resource allocation (resource block) can be 12 subcarriers (or 180kHz). As a result, for system bandwidths of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 megahertz (MHz), the nominal FFT size can be equal to 128, 256, 512, 1024, or 2048, respectively. The system bandwidth may also be partitioned into subbands. For example, a subband may cover 1.08 MHz (ie, 6 resource blocks), and there may be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 subbands for system bandwidths of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 MHz, respectively.

[0082] LTE supports a single parameter set (subcarrier spacing, symbol length, etc.). In contrast, NR may support multiple parameter designs, for example, subcarrier spacing of 15kHz, 30kHz, 60kHz, 120kHz, and 204kHz or greater may be available. Table 1 provided below lists some of the various parameters for different NR parameter sets.

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] surface 1

[0086] exist Figure 4A and 4B In the example of , a parameter design of 15 kHz is used. Therefore, in the time domain, a frame (e.g., 10 ms) is divided into 10 equally sized subframes, each subframe is 1 ms, and each subframe includes one time slot. Figure 4A and 4B , time is represented horizontally (eg, on the X-axis), where time increases from left to right, and frequency is represented vertically (eg, on the Y-axis), where frequency increases (or decreases) from bottom to top.

[0087] A resource grid may be used to represent time slots, each of which includes one or more time-concurrent resource blocks (RBs) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs)) in the frequency domain. The resource grid is further divided into a plurality of resource elements (REs). An RE may correspond to one symbol length in the time domain and one subcarrier in the frequency domain. Figure 4A and 4B In the parameter design of , for a normal cyclic prefix, an RB may contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and 7 consecutive symbols in the time domain (OFDM symbols for DL ​​and SC-FDMA symbols for UL), for a total of 84 REs. For an extended cyclic prefix, an RB may contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and 6 consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 72 REs. The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0088] like Figure 4A As explained in FIG, some REs carry DL reference (pilot) signals (DL-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. DL-RS may include a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), with exemplary locations at Figure 4A are marked with an "R".

[0089] Figure 4B An example of various channels within a DL subframe of an explanation frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DL control information (DCI) within one or more control channel elements (CCEs), each CCE comprising 9 RE groups (REGs), each REG comprising 4 consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol. The DCI carries information about UL resource allocations (persistent and non-persistent) and a description of DL data transmitted to the UE. Multiple (e.g., up to 8) DCIs may be configured in the PDCCH, and these DCIs may have one of a variety of formats. For example, there are different DCI formats for UL scheduling, for non-MIMO DL scheduling, for MIMO DL scheduling, and for UL power control.

[0090] The primary synchronization signal (PSS) is used by the UE to determine the subframe / symbol timing and the physical layer identity. The secondary synchronization signal (SSS) is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and the radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the PCI. Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the above-mentioned DL-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the MIB can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form an SSB (also known as SS / PBCH). The MIB provides the number of RBs in the DL system bandwidth, and the system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information that is not transmitted through the PBCH (such as system information blocks (SIBs)), and paging messages.

[0091] In some cases, Figure 4A The DL RS illustrated in may be a positioning reference signal (PRS). Figure 5 An exemplary PRS configuration 500 for a cell supported by a wireless node, such as base station 102, is illustrated. Figure 5 shows how the PRS positioning opportunity is determined by the system frame number (SFN), the subframe offset (Δ PRS )552 and PRS periodicity (T PRS ) 520. Typically, the cell-specific PRS subframe configuration is determined by a “PRS configuration index” included in the observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) assistance data. PRS PRS periodicity (T PRS )520 and the subframe offset (Δ PRS ) is based on PRS configuration index I PRS As explained in Table 2 below.

[0092]

[0093] surface 2

[0094] The PRS configuration is defined with reference to the SFN of the cell that transmits the PRS. PRS The first subframe of the downlink subframe including the first PRS positioning opportunity, the PRS instance may satisfy:

[0095]

[0096] where n f is SFN, where 0≤n f ≤1023, n s By n f The number of slots within a defined radio frame, where 0 ≤ n s≤19, T RPS is the PRS periodicity 520, and Δ PRS It is the subframe offset 552 which varies from cell to cell.

[0097] like Figure 5 As shown, the subframe offset Δ varies from cell to cell. PRS 552 may be defined in terms of the number of subframes starting from system frame number 0 (time slot "number 0", denoted as time slot 550) to the start of transmission of the first (subsequent) PRS positioning opportunity. Figure 5 In the example of FIG. 5 , the number of consecutive positioning subframes (N) in each consecutive PRS positioning opportunity 518a, 518b, and 518c is PRS ) is equal to 4. That is, each shaded block representing the PRS positioning opportunities 518a, 518b, and 518c represents four subframes.

[0098] In some aspects, when a UE receives a PRS configuration index I in the OTDOA assistance data for a particular cell, PRS When the UE can use Table 2 to determine the PRS periodicity T PRS 520 and PRS subframe offset Δ PRS The UE may then determine the radio frames, subframes, and time slots when the PRS is scheduled in the cell (e.g., using equation (1)). The OTDOA assistance data may be determined, for example, by a location server (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270) and include assistance data for a reference cell and several neighbor cells supported by various base stations.

[0099] Typically, the PRS opportunities from all cells in the network that use the same frequency are aligned in time and may have a fixed known time offset (e.g., a cell-specific subframe offset 552) relative to other cells in the network that use different frequencies. In a SFN synchronous network, all wireless nodes (e.g., base stations 102) may be aligned on both frame boundaries and system frame numbers. Thus, in a SFN synchronous network, all cells supported by various wireless nodes may use the same PRS configuration index for any particular frequency of PRS transmission. On the other hand, in a SFN asynchronous network, various wireless nodes may be aligned on frame boundaries but not on system frame numbers. Thus, in a SFN asynchronous network, the PRS configuration index for each cell may be individually configured by the network so that the PRS opportunities are aligned in time.

[0100] If the UE can obtain the cell timing (e.g., SFN) of at least one cell (e.g., a reference cell or a serving cell), the UE can determine the timing of the PRS opportunities of the reference cell and neighbor cells for OTDOA positioning. The timing of other cells can then be derived by the UE, for example, based on assumptions about overlap of PRS opportunities from different cells.

[0101] Various NR positioning aspects introduced by 3GPP Release 16 involve improving the position accuracy of positioning schemes involving measurement(s) associated with one or more UL or DL ​​PRS (e.g., higher bandwidth (BW), FR2 beam sweeping, angle-based measurements (such as angle of arrival (AoA) and angle of departure (AoD) measurements), multi-cell round trip time (RTT) measurements, etc.). If latency reduction is a priority, UE-based positioning techniques are typically used (e.g., DL-only techniques without UL position measurement reports). However, if latency is less critical, UE-assisted positioning techniques may be used, whereby data measured by the UE is reported to a network entity (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, etc.). By implementing the LMF in the RAN, the latency associated with UE-assisted positioning techniques may be reduced to some extent.

[0102] Layer 3 (L3) signaling (e.g., RRC or Position Positioning Protocol (LPP)) is typically used to transmit reports including location-based data associated with UE-assisted positioning techniques. Compared to Layer 1 (L1 or PHY layer) signaling or Layer 2 (L2 or MAC layer) signaling, L3 signaling is associated with relatively high latency (e.g., above 100 ms). In some scenarios, lower latency (e.g., less than 100 ms, less than 10 ms, etc.) between the UE and the RAN for location-based reporting may be desired. In such scenarios, L3 signaling may not be able to achieve these lower latency levels.

[0103] Figure 6 An exemplary process 600 of wireless communication according to various aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In one aspect, process 600 may be performed by a first communication node. In some implementations, the first communication may correspond to a UE (e.g., in a scenario where the UE is measuring a DL PRS and reporting to a base station) or a BS (e.g., in a scenario where the BS is measuring a UL PRS and reporting to the UE).

[0104] At 610, the first communication node obtains one or more measurements associated with one or more PRSs (e.g., one or more UL PRSs, one or more DL PRSs, etc.). As will be discussed in more detail below, the one or more measurements may be obtained directly (e.g., via direct measurements at the first communication node) or indirectly (e.g., via an external entity that performs the measurements and then relays the measurement data to the first communication node). In an aspect, operation 610 may be performed by receiver(s) 312, WWAN transceiver 310, processing system 332, memory 340, PRS measurement module 342, sensor(s) 344, receiver(s) 352, WWAN transceiver 350, processing system 384, memory 386, PRS measurement module 388, etc.

[0105] At 620, the first communication node transmits a report based on the one or more measurements to the second communication node via L1 or L2 signaling. For example, an example of L1 signaling that can be used to transmit the report is an L1 uplink control information (UCI) communication or an L1 downlink control information (DCI) communication, and an example of L2 signaling that can be used to transmit the report is an L2 MAC command element (CE). In an aspect, operation 620 can be performed by transmitter(s) 314, WWAN transceiver 310, processing system 332, memory 340, PRS measurement module 342, transmitter(s) 354, WWAN transceiver 350, processing system 384, memory 386, PRS measurement module 388, etc.

[0106] Figure 7 An exemplary process 700 of wireless communication according to various aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In one aspect, process 700 may be performed by a second communication node. In some implementations, the second communication may correspond to a UE (e.g., in a scenario where the BS is measuring a ULPRS and reporting to the UE, or in a scenario where the UE is measuring a DL PRS and reporting to a sidelink (SL) UE that performs a position calculation function on behalf of the UE) or a BS (e.g., in a scenario where the UE is measuring a DL PRS and reporting to the BS).

[0107] At 710, the second communication node receives a report based on one or more measurements associated with one or more PRSs from the first communication node via L1 or L2 signaling. For example, operation 710 may correspond to receiving the report transmitted at operation 620, as described above with respect to Figure 6 In one aspect, operation 710 may be performed by receiver(s) 312, WWAN transceiver 310, processing system 332, memory 340, PRS measurement module 342, receiver(s) 352, WWAN transceiver 350, processing system 384, memory 386, PRS measurement module 388, etc.

[0108] At 720, the second communication node performs a location calculation function (eg, LMF) based on the report. In an aspect, operation 720 may be performed by processing system 332, memory 340, processing system 384, memory 386, or the like.

[0109] As mentioned above, L1 and L2 signaling are not currently used in association with PRS-based reporting. However, L1 and L2 signaling are currently used in some systems to transmit CSI reports (e.g., reports of channel quality indication (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), layer indicator (Li), L1-RSRP, etc.). The CSI report may include a set of fields in a predefined order (e.g., defined by the relevant standard). A single UL transmission (e.g., on PUSCH or PUCCH) may include multiple reports, referred to herein as 'sub-reports', which are arranged according to a predefined priority (e.g., defined by the relevant standard). In some designs, the predefined order may be based on the associated sub-report periodicity (e.g., aperiodic / semi-persistent / periodic (A / SP / P) on PUSCH / PUCCH), the measurement type (e.g., L1-RSRP or non-L1-RSRP), the serving cell index (e.g., in the carrier aggregation (CA) scenario), and the report configuration ID (reportconfigID). For 2-part CSI reporting, all reported parts 1 are grouped together and part 2 are grouped separately and each group is coded separately (e.g., part 1 payload size is fixed based on configuration parameters, while part 2 size is variable and depends on configuration parameters and also on associated part 1 content). The number of coded bits / symbols to be output after coding and rate matching is calculated based on the number of input bits and the beta factor as per the relevant standard. A link (e.g., time offset) is defined between the instance of RS being measured and the corresponding report.

[0110] Reference Figure 6-7 , the L1 / L2 reports at 620 and 710 may utilize the linkage (or time offset) used for CSI reporting in order to convey the time difference between the report transmission and the associated PRS without embedding a timestamp in the report. In other words, the L1 / L2 reports at 620 and 710 are transmitted in association with one or more timings associated with one or more PRSs based on at least one measurement type associated with the one or more measurements.

[0111] In one example, assume that at least one measurement type is associated with a downlink-based positioning technique. In this case, the L1 / L2 reports at 620 and 710 may be transmitted in association with the downlink PRS. The association may further depend on the periodicity of the downlink PRS, for example, whether it is aperiodic, semi-persistent or periodic, and in the latter two cases, on the specific period of occurrence of the PRS resource. Note that positioning typically requires measurements based on multiple PRS transmissions from / to multiple cells or TRPs, so the timing association may depend on multiple such PRSs (e.g., based on the most recent PRS in time among all PRSs on which the report is based). In some designs, the at least one measurement type includes one or more of: arrival difference (TDOA) measurement, reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, arrival angle (AoA) measurement, departure angle (AoD) measurement, motion state measurement, trajectory measurement, report quality indication, or any combination thereof.

[0112] In another example, it is assumed that the at least one measurement type is associated with a combination of a downlink-based positioning technique and an uplink-based positioning technique. In this case, the L1 / L2 reports at 620 and 710 may be transmitted in connection with the timing of the downlink PRS and the uplink PRS. For example, the reporting timing may be related to the timing of the later of the two PRSs (downlink and uplink). In another example, in the case of downlink-based positioning, the reporting timing may be at a specified or configured delay after the downlink PRS, and in the case of downlink and uplink-based positioning, the reporting timing may be at the later of the two delays, the first delay being the configured or specified delay after the downlink PRS, and the second delay being the second configured or specified delay after the uplink PRS. In these examples, the delays may be specified in absolute time units (such as milliseconds) or in OFDM symbols, time slots, subframes, frames, etc. For example, rules may be specified to determine the parameter design (i.e., subcarrier spacing (SCS) and cyclic prefix duration) based on which to calculate these units (such as time slots), using the parameter design of the DL PRS or UL PRS, or the maximum or minimum value of the SCS of the DL PRS and UL PRS. In some designs, the at least one measurement type may include a round trip time (RTT) measurement, and the report may include a receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) value associated with the RTT measurement.

[0113] In some designs, the L1 / L2 reports at 620 and 710 may include at least some CSI-related reporting data in addition to the PRS-related measurement data. In this implementation, timing rules may be defined (e.g., based on reporting periodicity requirements, etc.), and not all reports need to be 'hybrid' (i.e., CSI plus PRS) reports for this purpose. Thus, separate timing rules may be specified for hybrid reports compared to non-hybrid reports. For example, hybrid report timing may be related to the timing of both the PRS and the CSI-related RS (e.g., CSI-RS or SSB).

[0114] Reference Figure 6-7 In some designs, the L1 / L2 reports at 620 and 710 may be generated as a concatenation of measurement information from multiple sub-reports according to at least one sub-report concatenation rule. In an example, the at least one sub-report concatenation rule includes one or more of the following:

[0115] Concatenate measurement information (e.g., RSRP measurement information) from multiple sub-reports on a per-cell (or per-TRP) basis,

[0116] concatenating measurement information from the multiple sub-reports that is common across multiple cells associated with the same transmit reception point (TRP) (e.g., a single TOA measurement across cells aggregated through carrier aggregation using 'PRS stitching' where the PRS from each component carrier is effectively combined to form a single PRS across a larger bandwidth),

[0117] concatenating measurement information associated with multiple PRSs (e.g., from the same cell or TRP, from different cells or TRPs, etc.) from the multiple subreports,

[0118] concatenating measurement information associated with different measurement types (e.g., TDOA, AoA, etc.) from the multiple subreports,

[0119] · concatenating measurement information associated with different TRPs from the multiple subreports,

[0120] concatenating measurement information associated with different report transmission triggers (e.g., different periodicities, such as aperiodic (A) subreports, semi-persistent (SP) reports, periodic (P) reports, etc.) from the multiple subreports,

[0121] Cascading UE local measurement information (e.g., motion state, trajectory, mobility information, etc.),

[0122] cascading measurement information from the plurality of sub-reports according to a cascading order based on one or more criteria (e.g., higher priority measurement information is arranged earlier in the report relative to lower priority measurement information, where priority is determined based on one or more attributes of the sub-reports described herein (such as measurement type, whether the measurement is based on a single cell or multiple cells, etc.)),

[0123] concatenating the measurement information from the multiple sub-reports based on the measurement type, such that only measurement information from one measurement type is concatenated into the report (e.g., only RSRP, only AoA, etc.),

[0124] concatenates the measurement information from the multiple subreports based on measurement type grouping, such that only measurement information from one measurement type group is concatenated into the report (e.g., only RSRP and AoA, any measurement type other than RSRP, etc.),

[0125] Any combination thereof.

[0126] Reference Figure 6-7 In some designs, the L1 / L2 reports at 620 and 710, the multiple sub-reports contributing to the measurement information cascaded into the report may include measurement information associated with a single cellular cell, measurement information associated with multiple cellular cells, measurement information associated with at least one side link, or any combination thereof.

[0127] Reference Figure 6-7 In some designs, the L1 / L2 reports at 620 and 710 may include measurement information associated with two or more measurement types (e.g., RSRP and AoA, etc.). In some designs, a portion of the measurement information from one or more measurements associated with at least one cell is omitted from the report (e.g., measurement information that is redundant with other measurement data in the report and / or measurement information associated with a low confidence level or low accuracy, etc.).

[0128] Reference Figure 6-7, in some designs, the L1 / L2 reports at 620 and 710 may have a fixed size. In other designs, the L1 / L2 reports at 620 and 710 may have a variable size depending on the amount of measurement information concatenated into the report (e.g., scaled using the amount of measurement information concatenated into the report). In some designs, certain different sets of subreport types may be concatenated separately from each other so that each set of subreport types is encoded differently (e.g., similar to CSI parts 1 and 2 as mentioned above). For example, a first subreport type concatenation group may include a TDOA subreport, while a second subreport type concatenation group may include an RSRP subreport. In one example, a specific grouping of subreport types that are concatenated together for a common encoding may be based on one or more subreport concatenation rules mentioned above. In one example, a first subreport type concatenation group may have a preconfigured size (e.g., similar to CSI part 1), while a second subreport type concatenation group may have a variable or dynamic size (e.g., similar to CSI part 2).

[0129] Reference Figure 6-7 In some designs, the encoding and concatenation of L1 / L2 reports may be performed in any order. In one example, encoding may be performed after all concatenations. In an L1-specific example, subreports may be grouped and then concatenated, sent to separate encoders, and the encoded outputs may then be multiplexed onto the L1 channel.

[0130] Reference Figure 6-7 In some designs, the L1 / L2 reports at 620 and 710 may be transmitted in association with a report format indication indicating a first set of measurement fields that are populated in the report, a second set of measurement fields that are not populated in the report (e.g., these fields may be blanked or omitted entirely from the report), or a combination thereof.

[0131] Reference Figure 6-7In some designs, the L1 / L2 reports at 620 and 710 may include a self-contained measurement value for at least one specific measurement. As used herein, a self-contained measurement value is an absolute value or an independent value that is independent of another measurement value. In some designs, for at least one specific measurement, the L1 / L2 reports at 620 and 710 may include a differential measurement value relative to a self-contained measurement value included in the report or included in a different report. For example, a specific measurement type may be made with respect to multiple cells. In this case, as an example, a self-contained measurement value for one of the multiple cells may be paired with differential measurements of one or more other cells in the multiple cells in the same report. In another example, a specific measurement type may be tracked over time (e.g., a trajectory). In this case, as an example, the differential measurement value may be relative to a self-contained measurement value obtained earlier in time (e.g., directly relative to, or indirectly relative to via one or more "intermediate" differential measurements). Even though the autonomous measurement is earlier in time relative to the differential measurement, the earlier autonomous measurement may be part of an earlier report, or even part of the same L1 / L2 report at 620 and 710 .

[0132] Reference Figure 6-7 In some designs, in the context of a differential reporting scheme, an independent measurement value associated with one or more differential measurements may correspond to a maximum or minimum value (e.g., earliest delay, strongest path, etc.). In addition, when multiple measurements are reported for the same measurement type, the multiple measurements may be sorted in the report according to a defined sort order in some designs. For example, if multiple differential measurements are sorted together in a report, the multiple differential measurements may be implicitly associated with the same reference independent measurement value. Alternatively, the independent measurement value may be implicitly indicated by the structure of the report. Alternatively, the independent measurement value associated with the differential measurement value may be explicitly indicated in the report.

[0133] Although some examples of L1 / L2 reporting at 620 and 710 are provided with reference to aspects specific to L1, L1 / L2 reporting at 620 and 710 may also be implemented via L2 signaling (e.g., MAC-CE). In L2 (MAC-CE), there is no separate encoding (e.g., CSI parts 1-2) similar to the L1 case. However, there is still a code block (CB) / code block group (CBG) partition, which can be viewed as a form of separate encoding (e.g., the partition is decoupled from the information content of the associated packets). In this case, indications specifying which CBGs carry which specific MAC-CEs can be used to transmit the L1 / L2 reports at 620 and 710.

[0134] Although some examples of L1 / L2 reporting are provided at 620 and 710, where the first communication node corresponds to the UE and the second communication node corresponds to the BS, in other designs, the communication node may correspond to the BS and the second communication node may correspond to the UE. For example, a UE-based positioning scheme may be augmented, where the BS (or RAN) delivers measurement information to the UE via the L1 / L2 reporting at 620 and 710 (e.g., the eNB reports Rx-Tx to the UE to allow the UE to calculate a RTT-based position). Such reports may also include measurement information associated with multiple cells and / or sidelink UEs (e.g., the serving cell collects measurements and / or calculated positions from these external devices and then relays the information to the UE via the L1 / L2 reporting at 620 and 710). In some designs, a new DCI format may be defined to transmit the L1 / L2 report at 620 and 710 so that the report may be monitored via an existing RNTI or a new positioning-specific RNTI (e.g., which may be defined in the standard). In scenarios where the BS is the first communication node, the 'separate encoding' aspect (e.g., different concatenated sub-report groups are encoded differently) does not need to be applied, or can be applied in a modified form (e.g., for MAC-CE, CBG can be used for DL ​​MAC-CE similar to the UL MAC-CE mentioned above, and for DCI, a multi-level DCI approach can be used).

[0135] Reference Figure 6 In some designs, the second communication node may correspond to a SL UE acting as a relay for the base station.

[0136] Reference Figure 6-7 In some designs, the first communication node may be a UE attempting to determine its position, and the second communication node may correspond to a SL UE that performs position calculation functions on behalf of the UE (e.g., so that the BS or WWAN does not need to be part of the position fix). In this scenario, in one example, MAC-CE or DL ​​L1 Sidelink Control Information (SCI) (instead of DCI) may be used for L1 / L2 reporting at 620 and 710 (instead of the UL L1 approach described above). For example, this approach may help avoid a new decoder implementation at the SL UE for the 'UCI on PUSCH / PUCCH' transmission type. For 3GPP Release 16 V2X, CSI reporting in the SL also follows a similar approach (using MAC-CE).

[0137] Figure 6 Process 600 may include additional implementations, such as any single implementation or any combination of implementations described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0138] In a first implementation, the transmitting transmits the report in association with one or more timings associated with one or more PRSs based on at least one measurement type associated with the one or more measurements.

[0139] In a second implementation, either alone or in combination with the first implementation, at least one measurement type is associated with a downlink based positioning technique, and wherein the transmission transmits the report in association with a downlink PRS.

[0140] In a third implementation, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second implementations, at least one measurement type includes one or more of: difference of arrival (TDOA) measurement, reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, angle of arrival (AoA) measurement, angle of departure (AoD) measurement, motion state measurement, trajectory measurement, report quality indication, or any combination thereof.

[0141] In a fourth implementation, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third implementations, at least one measurement type is associated with a combination of a downlink-based positioning technique and an uplink-based positioning technique, and wherein the transmission is reported in conjunction with the timing of the downlink PRS and the uplink PRS.

[0142] In a fifth implementation, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth implementations, at least one measurement type is a round trip time (RTT) measurement, and wherein the report includes a receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) value associated with the RTT measurement.

[0143] In a sixth implementation, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth implementations, the report includes one or more of: a difference of arrival (TDOA) measurement, a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, an angle of arrival (AoA) measurement, an angle of departure (AoD) measurement, a motion state measurement, a trajectory measurement, a report quality indication, a receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) value, or any combination thereof.

[0144] In a seventh implementation, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth implementations, process 600 includes generating a report by concatenating measurement information from a plurality of sub-reports according to at least one sub-report concatenation rule.

[0145] In an eighth implementation, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh implementations, at least one subreport concatenation rule comprises one or more of the following: concatenating measurement information from multiple subreports on a per-cell basis, concatenating measurement information from the multiple subreports that is common across multiple cells associated with the same transmit reception point (TRP), concatenating measurement information associated with multiple PRSs from the multiple subreports, concatenating measurement information associated with different measurement types from the multiple subreports, concatenating measurement information associated with different TRPs from the multiple subreports, concatenating measurement information associated with different report transmission triggers from the multiple subreports, concatenating UE local measurement information, concatenating measurement information from the multiple subreports according to a concatenation order based on one or more criteria, concatenating measurement information from the multiple subreports based on measurement type so that only measurement information from one measurement type is concatenated into the report, concatenating measurement information from the multiple subreports based on measurement type grouping so that only measurement information from one measurement type group is concatenated into the report, or any combination thereof.

[0146] In a ninth implementation, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth implementations, the multiple sub-reports include measurement information associated with a single cell, or wherein the multiple sub-reports include measurement information associated with multiple cells, or wherein the multiple sub-reports include measurement information associated with at least one side link, or any combination thereof.

[0147] In a tenth implementation, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth implementations, the report includes measurement information associated with a single cell, or wherein the report includes measurement information associated with multiple cells, or wherein the report includes measurement information associated with at least one side link, or any combination thereof.

[0148] In an eleventh implementation, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth implementations, the report includes measurement information associated with two or more measurement types.

[0149] In a twelfth implementation, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eleventh implementations, a certain portion of the measurement information from the one or more measurements is omitted from the report in association with at least one cell.

[0150] In a thirteenth implementation, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twelfth implementations, the report is associated with a fixed size, or wherein the report is associated with a variable size depending on the amount of measurement information concatenated into the report.

[0151] In a fourteenth implementation, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to thirteenth implementations, the transmitting transmits the report in association with a report format indication indicating a first set of measurement fields that are populated in the report, a second set of measurement fields that are not populated in the report, or a combination thereof.

[0152] In a fifteenth implementation, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourteenth implementations, the transmission transmits the report via L1 uplink control information (UCI) communication or L1 downlink control information (DCI) communication, or wherein the transmission transmits the report via L2 media access control command element (MAC-CE) communication.

[0153] In a sixteenth implementation, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifteenth implementations, the obtaining obtains at least one of the one or more measurements via direct measurement at the UE, or wherein the obtaining obtains at least one of the one or more measurements based on receiving a report from at least one external entity that performs the corresponding measurement.

[0154] In a seventeenth implementation, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixteenth implementations, the first communication node corresponds to a user equipment (UE), or the first communication node corresponds to a base station.

[0155] In an eighteenth implementation, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixteenth implementations, the second communication node corresponds to a user equipment (UE), or wherein the second communication node corresponds to a base station.

[0156] In a nineteenth implementation, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighteenth implementations, the report includes, for a particular measurement of the one or more measurements, a stand-alone measurement value.

[0157] In a nineteenth implementation, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighteenth implementations, the report includes differential measurements relative to stand-alone measurements included in the report or included in a different report.

[0158] although Figure 6 Example blocks of process 600 are shown, but in some implementations, process 600 may include Figure 6 Additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in the process 600. Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks of the process 600 may be executed in parallel.

[0159] Figure 7 Process 700 may include additional implementations, such as any single implementation or any combination of implementations described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0160] In a first implementation, the receiving receives the report in association with one or more timings associated with the one or more PRSs based on at least one measurement type associated with the one or more measurements.

[0161] In a second implementation, either alone or in combination with the first implementation, the report includes one or more of: a difference of arrival (TDOA) measurement, a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, an angle of arrival (AoA) measurement, an angle of departure (AoD) measurement, a motion state measurement, a trajectory measurement, a report quality indication, a receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) value, or any combination thereof.

[0162] In a third implementation, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second implementations, the report includes measurement information concatenated from a plurality of sub-reports according to the at least one sub-report concatenation rule.

[0163] In a fourth implementation, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third implementations, the report includes measurement information associated with two or more measurement types.

[0164] In a fifth implementation, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth implementations, the report is associated with a fixed size, or wherein the report is associated with a variable size depending on the amount of measurement information concatenated into the report.

[0165] In a sixth implementation, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth implementations, the receiving the report is received in association with a report format indication indicating a first set of measurement fields that are populated in the report, a second set of measurement fields that are not populated in the report, or a combination thereof.

[0166] In a seventh implementation, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth implementations, the receiving receives the report via L1 uplink control information (UCI) communication or L1 downlink control information (DCI) communication, or wherein the receiving receives the report via L2 media access control command element (MAC-CE) communication.

[0167] In an eighth implementation, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh implementations, the first communication node corresponds to a user equipment (UE), or wherein the first communication node corresponds to a base station.

[0168] In a ninth implementation, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth implementations, the second communication node corresponds to a user equipment (UE), or wherein the second communication node corresponds to a base station.

[0169] In a tenth implementation, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth implementations, the report includes, for a particular measurement of the one or more measurements, a stand-alone measurement value.

[0170] In an eleventh implementation, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth implementations, for a particular measurement of the one or more measurements, the report includes a differential measurement value relative to an independent measurement value included in the report or included in a different report.

[0171] although Figure 7 An example block diagram of process 700 is shown, but in some implementations, process 700 may include Figure 7 Additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in the process 700. Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks of the process 700 may be executed in parallel.

[0172] In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are generally described above in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. The technician can implement the described functionality in different ways for each specific application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0173] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or executed with a general purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in an alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0174] The methods, sequences and / or algorithms described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The software module may reside in a random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor so that the processor can read and write information from / to the storage medium. In an alternative, a storage medium may be integrated into a processor. The processor and storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., UE). In an alternative, the processor and storage medium may reside in a user terminal as discrete components.

[0175] In one or more exemplary aspects, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, each function may be stored on or transmitted by a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or codes. Computer-readable media include both computer storage media and communication media, including any media that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. As an example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store the desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a computer. Similarly, any connection is also properly referred to as a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwaves, the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwaves are included in the definition of the medium. As used herein, disk and disc include compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc, wherein disk often reproduces data magnetically, while disc reproduces data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0176] Although the foregoing disclosure shows illustrative aspects of the present disclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims. The functions, steps, and / or actions in the method claims according to the various aspects of the present disclosure described herein do not have to be performed in any particular order. In addition, although the elements of the present disclosure may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is also contemplated unless limitation to the singular is explicitly stated.

Claims

1. A method of operating a first communication node, comprising: obtaining one or more measurements associated with one or more downlink positioning reference signals (PRS); as well as transmitting a report based on the one or more measurements to the second communication node via L1 or L2 signaling, wherein the report is associated with one or more timings associated with the one or more downlink PRSs and uplink PRSs based on at least one measurement type associated with the one or more measurements, and The at least one measurement type is associated with a combination of a downlink-based positioning technique and an uplink-based positioning technique.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one measurement type comprises one or more of: difference of arrival (TDOA) measurement, reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, angle of arrival (AoA) measurement, angle of departure (AoD) measurement, motion state measurement, trajectory measurement, report quality indication, or any combination thereof.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one measurement type is a round trip time (RTT) measurement, and Wherein the report includes a receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) value associated with the RTT measurement.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the report includes one or more of the following: difference of arrival (TDOA) measurement, reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, angle of arrival (AoA) measurement, angle of departure (AoD) measurement, motion state measurement, trajectory measurement, report quality indication, receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) value, or any combination thereof.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: The report is generated by concatenating measurement information from a plurality of sub-reports according to at least one sub-report concatenation rule.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the at least one sub-report cascading rule comprises one or more of the following: concatenating measurement information from the plurality of subreports on a per-cell basis, concatenating measurement information from the plurality of subreports that is common across a plurality of cells associated with a same transmit reception point (TRP), concatenating measurement information associated with a plurality of PRSs from the plurality of subreports, concatenating measurement information associated with different measurement types from the plurality of subreports, concatenating measurement information associated with different TRPs from the plurality of subreports, concatenating measurement information associated with different report transmission triggers from the plurality of subreports, Cascade UE local measurement information, concatenating measurement information from the plurality of subreports according to a concatenation order based on one or more criteria, concatenating measurement information from the plurality of sub-reports based on measurement type such that measurement information from only one measurement type is concatenated into the report, concatenating measurement information from the plurality of subreports based on measurement type grouping such that measurement information from only one measurement type group is concatenated into the report, or Any combination thereof.

7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of subreports include measurement information associated with a single cell, or wherein the plurality of subreports include measurement information associated with a plurality of cells, or wherein the plurality of subreports include measurement information associated with at least one side link, or Any combination thereof.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the report includes measurement information associated with a single cell, or wherein the report includes measurement information associated with a plurality of cells, or wherein the report comprises measurement information associated with at least one side link, or Any combination thereof.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the report includes measurement information associated with two or more measurement types.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein a certain portion of the measurement information from the one or more measurements is omitted from the report in association with at least one cell.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the report is associated with a fixed size, or Wherein the report is associated with a variable size depending on the amount of measurement information concatenated into the report.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting comprises transmitting the report in association with a report format indication indicating a first set of measurement fields that are populated in the report, a second set of measurement fields that are not populated in the report, or a combination thereof.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the report includes a stand-alone measurement value for a particular measurement of the one or more measurements.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein for a particular measurement of the one or more measurements, the report includes a differential measurement value relative to a stand-alone measurement value included in the report or included in a different report.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting comprises transmitting the report via L1 Uplink Control Information (UCI) communication or L1 Downlink Control Information (DCI) communication, or Wherein the transmitting comprises transmitting the report via a L2 Medium Access Control Command Element (MAC-CE) communication.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining comprises obtaining at least one of the one or more measurements via direct measurement at the UE, or Wherein said obtaining comprises obtaining at least one of said one or more measurements based on receiving a report from at least one external entity performing the corresponding measurement.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the first communication node corresponds to a user equipment (UE), or The first communication node corresponds to a network node.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein the second communication node corresponds to a user equipment (UE), or The second communication node corresponds to a network node.

19. A method of operating a second communication node, comprising: receiving, from the first communication node via L1 or L2 signaling, a report based on one or more measurements associated with one or more downlink positioning reference signals (PRS); as well as performing a position calculation function based on the report, wherein the report is associated with one or more timings associated with the one or more downlink PRSs and uplink PRSs based on at least one measurement type associated with the one or more measurements, and The at least one measurement type is associated with a combination of a downlink-based positioning technique and an uplink-based positioning technique.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the report includes one or more of the following: difference of arrival (TDOA) measurement, reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, angle of arrival (AoA) measurement, angle of departure (AoD) measurement, motion state measurement, trajectory measurement, report quality indication, receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) value, or any combination thereof.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the report comprises measurement information concatenated from a plurality of sub-reports according to at least one sub-report concatenation rule.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the report includes measurement information associated with two or more measurement types.

23. The method of claim 19, wherein the report is associated with a fixed size, or Wherein the report is associated with a variable size depending on the amount of measurement information concatenated into the report.

24. The method of claim 19, wherein the receiving comprises receiving the report in association with a report format indication indicating a first set of measurement fields that are populated in the report, a second set of measurement fields that are not populated in the report, or a combination thereof.

25. The method of claim 19, wherein the report includes a stand-alone measurement value for a particular measurement of the one or more measurements.

26. The method of claim 19, wherein for a particular measurement of the one or more measurements, the report includes a differential measurement value relative to a stand-alone measurement value included in the report or included in a different report.

27. The method of claim 19, wherein the receiving comprises receiving the report via L1 Uplink Control Information (UCI) communication or L1 Downlink Control Information (DCI) communication, or Wherein the receiving comprises receiving the report via L2 Media Access Control Command Element (MAC-CE) communication.

28. The method of claim 19, wherein the first communication node corresponds to a user equipment (UE), or The first communication node corresponds to a network node.

29. The method of claim 19, wherein the second communication node corresponds to a user equipment (UE), or The second communication node corresponds to a network node.

30. A first communication node, comprising: Memory; at least one transceiver; as well as at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to: obtaining one or more measurements associated with one or more downlink positioning reference signals (PRS); and transmitting a report based on the one or more measurements to the second communication node via L1 or L2 signaling, wherein the report is associated with one or more timings associated with the one or more downlink PRSs and uplink PRSs based on at least one measurement type associated with the one or more measurements, and The at least one measurement type is associated with a combination of a downlink-based positioning technique and an uplink-based positioning technique.

31. The first communications node of claim 30, wherein the at least one measurement type comprises one or more of: difference of arrival (TDOA) measurement, reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, angle of arrival (AoA) measurement, angle of departure (AoD) measurement, motion state measurement, trajectory measurement, report quality indication, or any combination thereof.

32. The first communication node according to claim 30, wherein the at least one measurement type is a round trip time (RTT) measurement, and Wherein the report includes a receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) value associated with the RTT measurement.

33. The first communications node of claim 30, wherein the report comprises one or more of: difference of arrival (TDOA) measurement, reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, angle of arrival (AoA) measurement, angle of departure (AoD) measurement, motion state measurement, trajectory measurement, report quality indication, receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) value, or any combination thereof.

34. The first communications node of claim 30, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: The report is generated by concatenating measurement information from a plurality of sub-reports according to at least one sub-report concatenation rule.

35. The first communication node of claim 34, wherein the at least one sub-report cascading rule comprises one or more of the following: concatenating measurement information from the plurality of subreports on a per-cell basis, concatenating measurement information from the plurality of subreports that is common across a plurality of cells associated with a same transmit reception point (TRP), concatenating measurement information associated with a plurality of PRSs from the plurality of subreports, concatenating measurement information associated with different measurement types from the plurality of subreports, concatenating measurement information associated with different TRPs from the plurality of subreports, concatenating measurement information associated with different report transmission triggers from the plurality of subreports, Cascade UE local measurement information, concatenating measurement information from the plurality of subreports according to a concatenation order based on one or more criteria, concatenating measurement information from the plurality of sub-reports based on measurement type such that measurement information from only one measurement type is concatenated into the report, concatenating measurement information from the plurality of subreports based on measurement type grouping such that measurement information from only one measurement type group is concatenated into the report, or Any combination thereof.

36. The first communication node according to claim 34, wherein the plurality of subreports include measurement information associated with a single cell, or wherein the plurality of subreports include measurement information associated with a plurality of cells, or wherein the plurality of subreports include measurement information associated with at least one side link, or Any combination thereof.

37. The first communication node according to claim 30, wherein the report includes measurement information associated with a single cell, or wherein the report includes measurement information associated with a plurality of cells, or wherein the report comprises measurement information associated with at least one side link, or Any combination thereof.

38. The first communications node of claim 30, wherein the report includes measurement information associated with two or more measurement types.

39. The first communications node of claim 30, wherein a portion of the measurement information from the one or more measurements is omitted from the report in association with at least one cell.

40. The first communication node according to claim 30, wherein the report is associated with a fixed size, or Wherein the report is associated with a variable size depending on the amount of measurement information concatenated into the report.

41. The first communications node of claim 30, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: The report is transmitted in association with a report format indication indicating a first set of measurement fields that are populated in the report, a second set of measurement fields that are not populated in the report, or a combination thereof.

42. The first communications node of claim 30, wherein the report includes a stand-alone measurement value for a particular measurement of the one or more measurements.

43. The first communications node of claim 30, wherein for a particular measurement of the one or more measurements, the report includes a differential measurement value relative to a stand-alone measurement value included in the report or included in a different report.

44. The first communications node of claim 30, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: transmitting the report via L1 Uplink Control Information (UCI) communication or L1 Downlink Control Information (DCI) communication, or The report is transmitted via L2 Medium Access Control Command Element (MAC-CE) communication.

45. The first communications node of claim 30, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: at least one of the one or more measurements is obtained via direct measurement at the UE, or At least one of the one or more measurements is obtained based on receiving a report from at least one external entity performing the corresponding measurement.

46. ​​The first communication node according to claim 30, wherein the first communication node corresponds to a user equipment (UE), or The first communication node corresponds to a network node.

47. The first communication node according to claim 30, wherein the second communication node corresponds to a user equipment (UE), or The second communication node corresponds to a network node.

48. A second communication node, comprising: Memory; at least one transceiver; as well as at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to: receiving, from the first communication node via L1 or L2 signaling, a report based on one or more measurements associated with one or more downlink positioning reference signals (PRS); as well as performing a position calculation function based on the report, wherein the report is associated with one or more timings associated with the one or more downlink PRSs and uplink PRSs based on at least one measurement type associated with the one or more measurements, and The at least one measurement type is associated with a combination of a downlink-based positioning technique and an uplink-based positioning technique.

49. The second communications node of claim 48, wherein the report comprises one or more of: difference of arrival (TDOA) measurement, reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, angle of arrival (AoA) measurement, angle of departure (AoD) measurement, motion state measurement, trajectory measurement, report quality indication, receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) value, or any combination thereof.

50. The second communications node of claim 48, wherein the report comprises measurement information concatenated from a plurality of sub-reports according to at least one sub-report concatenation rule.

51. The second communications node of claim 48, wherein the report includes measurement information associated with two or more measurement types.

52. The second communication node according to claim 48, wherein the report is associated with a fixed size, or Wherein the report is associated with a variable size depending on the amount of measurement information concatenated into the report.

53. The second communications node of claim 48, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: The report is received in association with a report format indication indicating a first set of measurement fields that are populated in the report, a second set of measurement fields that are not populated in the report, or a combination thereof.

54. The second communications node of claim 48, wherein the report includes a stand-alone measurement value for a particular measurement of the one or more measurements.

55. The second communications node of claim 48, wherein the report includes, for a particular measurement of the one or more measurements, a differential measurement value relative to a stand-alone measurement value included in the report or included in a different report.

56. The second communications node of claim 48, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to receiving the report via L1 Uplink Control Information (UCI) communication or L1 Downlink Control Information (DCI) communication, or The report is received via a L2 Medium Access Control Command Element (MAC-CE) communication.

57. The second communication node according to claim 48, wherein the first communication node corresponds to a user equipment (UE), or The first communication node corresponds to a network node.

58. The second communication node according to claim 48, wherein the second communication node corresponds to a user equipment (UE), or The second communication node corresponds to a network node.

59. A first communication node, comprising: means for obtaining one or more measurements associated with one or more downlink positioning reference signals (PRS); as well as means for transmitting, by L1 or L2 signalling, a report based on said one or more measurements to a second communication node, wherein the report is associated with one or more timings associated with the one or more downlink PRSs and uplink PRSs based on at least one measurement type associated with the one or more measurements, and The at least one measurement type is associated with a combination of a downlink-based positioning technique and an uplink-based positioning technique.

60. The first communication node according to claim 59, wherein the first communication node corresponds to a user equipment (UE), or The first communication node corresponds to a network node.

61. The first communication node according to claim 59, wherein the second communication node corresponds to a user equipment (UE), or The second communication node corresponds to a network node.

62. A second communication node, comprising: means for receiving, from a first communication node via L1 or L2 signaling, a report based on one or more measurements associated with one or more downlink positioning reference signals (PRS); as well as means for performing a position calculation function based on said report, wherein the report is associated with one or more timings associated with the one or more downlink PRSs and uplink PRSs based on at least one measurement type associated with the one or more measurements, and The at least one measurement type is associated with a combination of a downlink-based positioning technique and an uplink-based positioning technique.

63. The second communication node according to claim 62, wherein the first communication node corresponds to a user equipment (UE), or The first communication node corresponds to a network node.

64. The second communication node according to claim 62, wherein the second communication node corresponds to a user equipment (UE), or The second communication node corresponds to a network node.

65. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, the computer-executable instructions comprising: at least one instruction to instruct the first communication node to obtain one or more measurements associated with one or more downlink positioning reference signals (PRS); as well as instructing the first communication node to transmit at least one instruction of a report based on the one or more measurements to a second communication node via L1 or L2 signaling, wherein the report is associated with one or more timings associated with the one or more downlink PRSs and uplink PRSs based on at least one measurement type associated with the one or more measurements, and The at least one measurement type is associated with a combination of a downlink-based positioning technique and an uplink-based positioning technique.

66. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 65, wherein the first communication node corresponds to a user equipment (UE), or The first communication node corresponds to a network node.

67. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 65, wherein the second communication node corresponds to a user equipment (UE), or The second communication node corresponds to a network node.

68. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, the computer-executable instructions comprising: instructing the second communication node to receive at least one instruction from the first communication node via L1 or L2 signaling a report based on one or more measurements associated with one or more downlink positioning reference signals (PRSs); and at least one instruction instructing the second communication node to perform a position calculation function based on the report, wherein the report is associated with one or more timings associated with the one or more downlink PRSs and uplink PRSs based on at least one measurement type associated with the one or more measurements, and The at least one measurement type is associated with a combination of a downlink-based positioning technique and an uplink-based positioning technique.

69. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 68, wherein the first communication node corresponds to a user equipment (UE), or The first communication node corresponds to a network node.

70. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 68, wherein the second communication node corresponds to a user equipment (UE), or The second communication node corresponds to a network node.

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