Bidirectional fan-shaped medium-deep hole stage recovery method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a bidirectional fan-shaped medium-deep hole stage recovery method, which belongs to the technical field of underground mining in non-coal mines. It solves the defects of large amount of mining and top protection in the construction of traditional medium-deep hole recovery in the prior art. Its main structure includes the following steps: step one: mining design of mining area; step two: construction of recovery engineering; step three: medium-deep hole construction; step four: cutting and blasting construction; step five: mine room blasting recovery operation; step six: mine operation; step seven: empty area processing operation. The present invention is mainly used for mine room recovery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining of non-coal mines, and in particular relates to a bidirectional fan-shaped medium-deep hole stage mining method. Background Art

[0002] At present, the surrounding rock of ore bodies in my country is moderately stable. Inclined medium-thick ore bodies generally adopt the staged rock drilling and staged mine chamber method or the staged empty site and subsequent filling method. However, the disadvantage of the staged rock drilling and staged mine chamber method is that the amount of mining and approval work in the middle section of construction is large, and the disadvantage of the staged empty site and subsequent filling method is that the exposed area of ​​the top of the rock drilling chamber in the upper middle section is large, making it difficult to protect the roof. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a bidirectional fan-shaped medium-deep hole stage recovery method, which reduces the labor intensity of manual construction and cutting up the mountain, improves the safety of the production process, improves construction efficiency, and reduces production costs.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0005] A bidirectional fan-shaped medium-deep hole stage recovery method comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Mining design of individual mining areas;

[0007] Step 2: Mining project construction;

[0008] Step 3: Medium and deep hole construction;

[0009] Step 4: Cutting and blasting of the skylight;

[0010] Step 5: Mine room blasting and mining operation;

[0011] Step 6: Mining operation;

[0012] Step 7: Empty area processing operations.

[0013] Preferably, the operating steps of the single mining design in the mining area are: according to relevant geological data, determine the layout of the mining room, the parameters of the mining room, the cutting position, the pedestrian position of the mining area and the position of the rock drilling road. If the thickness of the ore body is less than 40 meters, the mining room is arranged along the strike. If the thickness of the ore body is greater than 40 meters, the mining room is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. The stage height is determined according to factors such as the stability of the surrounding rock of the ore body, the number of middle sections of the mining room, and the construction capacity of the rock drill. The stage height of the two-way rock drilling stage mining room method is about 50 meters. The cutting is arranged at the thick part of the ore body, and the pedestrian walkway is arranged at the end of the mining room to facilitate two mining rooms to share one pedestrian walkway to reduce the amount of engineering. The rock drilling road is located in the middle of the thick ore direction of the ore body. If the ore body is thick and the construction capacity of the rock drill does not meet the requirements, a double rock drilling road arrangement can be adopted.

[0014] Preferably, the operating steps of the mining engineering construction are: the mining area is divided into three middle sections, the lowest middle section is the mining level, and the mining structure is set. During construction, the cutting level tunnel is first constructed to determine the position and thickness of the ore body. The second middle section is the level of medium and deep hole construction and blasting operations in the upper and lower middle sections. The third middle section is only designed for the cutting and blasting retreat project (later filling tunnels), and the cutting and uphill project adopts a one-time well formation design.

[0015] Preferably, the operating steps of the medium-deep hole construction are: first construct a one-time well-cutting deep hole, the rock drill adopts a down-the-hole drill 100 drilling rig, the cutting section is 2.5m*2.5m, 6 groove holes with a diameter of Ф150mm are arranged in the middle, and several auxiliary holes with a diameter of Ф100mm are arranged around the groove holes, and then 4 peripheral holes with a diameter of Ф100mm are arranged around them. The cutting row holes and the mine room row holes adopt blast holes with a diameter of Ф100mm. The cutting row hole spacing is 1.2m, the hole bottom distance is 1.5m, the mine room row hole spacing is 2.0m, and the hole bottom distance is 2.5m~3.5m.

[0016] Preferably, the operating steps of the blasting construction of the cutting skylight are as follows: after excavating to the skylight level tunnel position, first use the ordinary method to excavate 2 to 3 meters up the mountain above the tunnel roof, and the blasting cutting skylight is divided into 3 blasts, each blasting volume is 5 meters, and before charging, the hole depth and the actual position of the hole are measured with a charging tube, and the charging height is determined according to the hole depth and the blasting height. The plugging of the hole is to put a sandbag filled with sand into the hole from the top, and after the sandbag is exposed from the hole, lift the iron wire tied with the sandbag, tighten it and fix it on the upper wooden stick to prevent the sandbag from falling, and then charge. After the charging is completed according to the calculated amount, the charging height is measured with a charging tube to confirm, and then sand is poured into the hole to plug the hole. During blasting, 5 uncharged slotted eyes are used as free surfaces, and blasting is carried out in sections from hole A to hole D, and the remaining parts are blasted in sequence in the same way to complete the entire skylight blasting operation.

[0017] Preferably, the operating steps of the mine room blasting and mining operation are as follows: after the blasting of the cutting shaft is completed, the cutting and grooving blasting operation is carried out with the shaft as the free surface, and the grooves are cut in turn from the top to the bottom of each middle section. After all the cutting grooves are opened, the mine room hole blasting operation is carried out. During blasting and mining, in order to prevent the slag blocks from falling into the deep holes during the blasting process, before blasting, the downward deep holes in the front row of the empty area are blocked with conical wooden wedges, which are then pulled out for charging during blasting. The blasting operation starts with blasting the upper holes in the upper middle section. This part of the hole row cannot be blasted all at once. The bottom of the hole is blasted first, leaving a part of the hole mouth, and the hole mouth part is not less than 3 meters. The remaining hole mouth part is blasted together with the downward hole in the same position.

[0018] Preferably, the operating steps of the mining operation are: carry out mining operations at the mining level using the mining access road, and after digging out the blasting compensation space, carry out blasting operations. To ensure the safety of the blasting operation process, the upper middle section is blasted more than 5m ahead of the lower middle section.

[0019] Preferably, the operating steps of the void processing operation are: after the mining of the mine room is completed, the mining room is sealed, a filling port is set from the position of the uppermost cutting level, and the goaf is filled with tailings and cement powder mixed in a certain ratio.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The present invention utilizes the 360-degree rotating construction characteristic of the rock drill to construct upward and downward medium-depth holes at the same position at the same middle section level, and then improves the blasting construction process to realize the blasting recovery operation of the upper and lower medium-depth hole sections at the same position at the same middle section level. Compared with the segmented rock drilling stage mine room method, the present invention reduces the mining engineering volume and shortens the mining construction period for a middle-section level mining project. Compared with the staged empty field and subsequent filling method, the present invention reduces the top cutting and rock drilling chamber to avoid large-area exposure of the roof. At the same time, a one-time well cutting design is adopted to reduce the labor intensity of manual construction and cutting up the mountain, improve the safety of the production process, improve construction efficiency, and also reduce production costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view of II-II;

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Sectional view of III-III;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a front view of the arrangement of the blastholes for cutting the skylight in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 A top view of the arrangement of the blastholes for cutting the skylight in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the stepwise blasting in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the blast hole plugging in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the stepwise blasting of holes in the present invention;

[0030] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the wooden wedge in the present invention.

[0031] In the picture: 1. Grooving eye; 2. Auxiliary eye; 3. Peripheral eye; 4. Wooden wedge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0033] Example:

[0034] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a bidirectional fan-shaped medium-deep hole stage mining method is shown, in which upward and downward medium-deep holes are constructed at the same middle level and the same row of faces, to realize the same row of upper and lower bidirectional fan-shaped medium-deep hole blasting mining operation mining method, including the following steps:

[0035] Step 1: Mining design of individual mining areas;

[0036] Step 2: Mining project construction;

[0037] Step 3: Medium and deep hole construction;

[0038] Step 4: Cutting and blasting of the skylight;

[0039] Step 5: Mine room blasting and mining operation;

[0040] Step 6: Mining operation;

[0041] Step 7: Empty area processing operations.

[0042] The operating steps of the single mining design in the mining area are as follows: according to relevant geological data, determine the layout of the mining room, the room parameters, the cutting position, the pedestrian position in the mining area and the position of the rock drilling road. When the thickness of the ore body is less than 40 meters, the mine room is generally arranged along the strike. When the thickness of the ore body is greater than 40 meters, the mine room is generally arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. The stage height is determined according to factors such as the stability of the surrounding rock of the ore body, the number of middle sections of the mine room, and the construction capacity of the rock drill. The stage height of the two-way rock drilling stage mine room method is generally about 50 meters. The cutting is arranged at the thick part of the ore body, and the pedestrian walkway is arranged at the end of the mine room to facilitate two mine rooms to share one pedestrian walkway and reduce the amount of engineering. The rock drilling road is generally located in the middle of the thick ore direction of the ore body. If the ore body is thick and the construction capacity of the rock drill does not meet the requirements, a double rock drilling road layout can be adopted.

[0043] The operation steps of the mining project construction are as follows: the mining area is divided into three sections, the lowest section is the mining level, and the mining structure is set. During construction, the cutting level tunnel is constructed first to determine the position and thickness of the ore body. The second section is the middle and deep hole construction and blasting operation level of the upper and lower sections. The third section is only designed for the cutting blasting retreat project (later for filling tunnels), and the cutting uphill project adopts a one-time well design. The middle section should first construct pedestrian and chute wells to form the conditions for mucking, people and equipment, and then construct other well and tunnel projects.

[0044] The operation steps of the medium-deep hole construction are as follows: after the completion of the mining project, the medium-deep hole construction and cutting are started. The cutting uphill adopts a one-time medium-deep hole blasting well design. The first middle section adopts an upward vertical fan-shaped medium-deep hole. The cutting and grooving medium-deep hole determines the upward or downward vertical medium-deep hole according to the cutting direction. The arrangement of holes adopts a fan-shaped medium-deep hole design, and the direction is also selected to be upward or downward according to the direction of cutting uphill. In order to prevent the rock debris from blocking the hole after the downward medium-deep hole construction and facilitate hole finding, a conical wooden wedge 4 is used to block the hole. During the blasting operation, the wooden wedge 4 is pulled out. A one-time well-forming cutting skylight deep hole is constructed first. The rock drill adopts a down-the-hole drill 100 drilling rig with a cutting section of 2.5m*2.5m. Figure 4-5 Arrange the cutting shaft, arrange 6 slot holes 1 with a diameter of 150mm in the middle, arrange several auxiliary holes 2 with a diameter of 100mm around the slot holes 1, and then arrange 4 peripheral holes 3 with a diameter of 100mm around, that is, the slot holes 1 are large-diameter medium-deep holes, the auxiliary holes 2 and peripheral holes 3 are medium-deep holes with general apertures, the cutting row holes and the mine room row holes are blast holes with a diameter of 100mm, the cutting row hole spacing is 1.2m, the hole bottom distance is about 1.5m, the mine room row hole spacing is 2.0m, and the hole bottom distance is 2.5m to 3.5m. Among them: the first middle section is an upward fan-shaped medium-deep hole, the second middle section is a downward fan-shaped medium-deep hole, and the third middle section is an upward fan-shaped medium-deep hole.

[0045] The operation steps of the blasting construction of the cutting roof are as follows: after excavating to the position of the roof level, first use the common method to excavate 2 to 3 meters above the roof of the roadway and then blast the cutting roof according to the method. Figure 6 The method shown is divided into three blastings, each blasting volume is 5m. Before charging, the hole depth and the actual position of the hole are measured with a charging tube (there may be errors in the drilling construction accuracy, and the charging needs to be adjusted according to the actual position). The charging height is determined according to the hole depth and blasting height. Figure 7 As shown, the method of plugging the hole is to put a sandbag filled with sand into the hole from the top. After the sandbag is exposed from the hole, the iron wire tied with the sandbag is lifted, tightened and fixed on the upper wooden stick to prevent the sandbag from falling. Then the charging is carried out. After the charging is completed according to the calculated amount, the charging height is measured with a charging tube for confirmation, and then sand is poured into the hole to plug the hole. During blasting, five uncharged grooved holes 1 (only the middle one of the six grooved holes 1 is charged) are used as free surfaces, and segmented blasting is carried out in sequence from hole A to hole D (in the order of A, B, C, and D). The remaining parts are blasted in sequence in the same way to complete the entire skylight blasting operation.

[0046] The operation steps of the mine room blasting and mining operation are as follows: after the blasting of the cutting shaft is completed, the cutting groove blasting operation is carried out with the shaft as the free surface, and the grooves are cut in turn from the top to the bottom of each middle section. After all the cutting grooves are pulled open, the mine room row hole blasting operation is then carried out. During the blasting and mining, in order to prevent the slag blocks from falling into the deep holes during the blasting process, before the blasting, the deep holes in the front row of the empty area are blocked with conical wooden wedges 4, such as Fig. 9 As shown, when blasting, pull it out and charge it. Figure 8 The method is to carry out blasting operation, first blast the upper middle section of the upward hole, this part of the row of holes cannot be blasted all at once, first blast the bottom of the hole, leaving a part of the hole mouth, the remaining hole mouth part is not less than 3 meters, on the one hand, when charging the downward hole at the same position, the construction workers are not exposed in the empty area, and the construction workers are protected, on the other hand, the downward hole at the same position is protected from being buried by slag, and the remaining hole mouth part is blasted together with the downward hole at the same position.

[0047] The operating steps of the mining operation are: carry out mining operation at the mining level using the mining access road, and carry out blasting operation after digging out the blasting compensation space. To ensure the safety of the blasting operation process, the upper middle section blasts ahead of the lower middle section by more than 5m. The mining operation is carried out in conjunction with the mine room blasting operation to prevent blasting accidents caused by lack of compensation space due to untimely mining.

[0048] The operating steps of the void treatment operation are: after the mining of the mine room is completed, the mining room is sealed, a filling port is set from the position of the uppermost cutting level, and the goaf is filled with tailings and cement powder mixed in a certain ratio.

Claims

1. A bidirectional sector-shaped medium-deep hole phase recovery method, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Mining design of individual mining areas; Step 2: Mining project construction; Step 3: Medium and deep hole construction; Step 4: Cutting and blasting of the skylight; Step 5: Mine room blasting and mining operation; Step 6: Mining operation; Step 7: Empty area processing operation; The operation steps of the medium-deep hole construction are as follows: first, a one-time well cutting and raising deep hole is constructed, the rock drill adopts a down-the-hole drill 100, the cutting section is 2.5m*2.5m, 6 slot holes (1) with a diameter of 150mm are arranged in the middle, a plurality of auxiliary holes (2) with a diameter of 100mm are arranged around the slot holes (1), and then 4 peripheral holes (3) with a diameter of 100mm are arranged around the auxiliary holes (2), the cutting row holes and the mine room row holes adopt blast holes with a diameter of 100mm, the cutting row hole spacing is 1.2m, the hole bottom distance is 1.5m, the mine room row hole spacing is 2.0m, and the hole bottom distance is 2.5m~3.5m; The operation steps of the blasting construction of the cutting roof are as follows: after excavating to the position of the roof, first use the common method to excavate 2 to 3 meters above the roof of the roadway, and then blast the cutting roof in three times, each blasting volume is 5 meters. Before charging, the hole depth and the actual position of the hole are measured by a charging pipe, and the charging height is determined according to the hole depth and the blasting height. The plugging of the hole is to put a sand bag filled with sand into the hole from the top. After the sand bag is exposed from the hole, the iron wire tied with the sand bag is lifted and fixed on the upper wooden stick after tightening to prevent the sand bag from falling. Then, charging is carried out. After the charging is completed according to the calculated amount, the charging height is measured with a charging pipe for confirmation, and then sand is poured into the hole to plug the hole. During blasting, the 5 uncharged slotted holes (1) are used as free surfaces, starting from hole A to hole D, and blasting is carried out in sections in the order of A, B, C, and D. The remaining parts are blasted in the same way to complete the entire roof blasting operation; The operation steps of the mine room blasting and mining operation are as follows: after the blasting of the cutting shaft is completed, the cutting groove blasting operation is carried out with the shaft as the free surface, and the grooves are cut in turn from the top to the bottom of each middle section. After all the cutting grooves are pulled, the mine room row hole blasting operation is carried out. During the blasting and mining, in order to prevent the slag blocks from falling into the deep holes during the blasting process, before blasting, the front row of downward deep holes in the empty area are blocked with conical wooden wedges (4), and then pulled out for charging during blasting. The blasting operation first blasts the upper middle section of the upward hole. This part of the row of holes cannot be blasted all at once. The bottom of the hole is blasted first, leaving a part of the hole mouth, and the hole mouth part is not less than 3 meters. The remaining hole mouth part and the downward hole at the same position are blasted together.

2. The bidirectional sector-shaped medium-deep hole phase recovery method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The operating steps of the single mining design in the mining area are as follows: according to relevant geological data, determine the layout of the mining room, the room parameters, the cutting position, the pedestrian position in the mining area and the position of the rock drilling road. If the thickness of the ore body is less than 40 meters, the mine room is arranged along the strike. If the thickness of the ore body is greater than 40 meters, the mine room is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. The stage height is determined according to the factors of the stability of the surrounding rock of the ore body, the number of middle sections of the mine room, and the construction capacity of the rock drill. The stage height of the two-way rock drilling stage mine room method is about 50 meters. The cutting is arranged at the thick part of the ore body, and the pedestrian walkway is arranged at the end of the mine room to facilitate two mine rooms to share one pedestrian walkway to reduce the amount of engineering. The rock drilling road is located in the middle of the thick ore direction of the ore body. If the ore body is thick and the construction capacity of the rock drill does not meet the requirements, a double rock drilling road layout can be adopted.

3. The bidirectional sector-shaped medium-long hole phase recovery method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The operational steps for the construction of the mining project are as follows: the mining area is divided into three sections, the lowest section is the mining level, and the mining structure is set up. During construction, the cutting level tunnel is first constructed to determine the position and thickness of the ore body. The second section is the level for the construction of medium and deep holes and blasting operations in the upper and lower sections. The third section is only designed for the cutting and blasting retreat project, and the later stage is the filling tunnel. The cutting and uphill project adopts a one-time well formation design.

4. The bidirectional sector-shaped medium-deep hole phase recovery method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The operating steps of the mining operation are: carry out mining operations at the mining level using the mining access road, and after the blasting compensation space is dug out, carry out blasting operations. To ensure the safety of the blasting operation process, the upper middle section is blasted more than 5m ahead of the lower middle section.

5. The bidirectional sector-shaped medium-deep hole phase recovery method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The operating steps of the void treatment operation are: after the mining of the mine room is completed, the mining room is sealed, a filling port is set from the position of the uppermost cutting level, and the goaf is filled with tailings and cement powder mixed in a certain ratio.

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