Vertical shaft construction device and construction method

Abstract

The present invention is a shaft construction device and construction method, the shaft construction device includes a transmission device, a jacking device and a tunneling device, the tunneling device is arranged at the wellhead position; the jacking device includes a jacking support, a first slide rail, a second slide rail and a jacking mechanism, the jacking support is arranged near the wellhead position, the transmission device extends to the bottom of the jacking support, the first slide rail transports the pipe section to the splicing position of the wellhead, and the second slide rail transports the pipe section on the transmission device to the first slide rail; the jacking mechanism includes a slider, a clamping device and a first jacking cylinder arranged vertically, the slider and the clamping device are respectively arranged at the top and bottom of the first jacking cylinder, the slider can move along the first slide rail and the second slide rail, and the slider can move between the second slide rail and the first slide rail. The present invention solves the technical problems of poor safety of shaft excavation operations connected to existing tunnels, complicated equipment and construction methods, and high requirements on the stratum.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and further to a shaft construction device and a construction method, and in particular to a shaft construction device and a construction method connected to an existing tunnel. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous development of urban municipal engineering, urban underground infrastructure has been rapidly promoted, and more and more underground pipelines are required to be constructed into vertical shafts with different functions. Among them, the vertical shafts used in the construction of water intake wells for Binhai and Binjiang power stations, long tunnel penetration measurement, subway entrances and exits and ventilation shafts, municipal pipe gallery inspection shafts, and long tunnel intermediate ventilation shafts need to be connected to existing tunnels. The usual construction methods are mainly divided into two categories: excavation from the ground to the existing tunnel (the main tunnel that has been excavated underground) and excavation from the existing tunnel to the ground.

[0003] Most of the excavations from the ground to existing tunnels are done manually. The surrounding rock of the shaft is reinforced or retaining structures are constructed in advance. While ensuring the safety of the excavation surface, excavation and support are carried out simultaneously. Finally, the existing tunnel segments are broken and connected to them. However, this method has poor safety, a long construction period, and a greater impact on the main tunnel structure.

[0004] Vertical jacking technology and reverse well method are often used for excavation from existing tunnels to the ground. Among them, vertical jacking technology is more widely used. One is a non-slag discharge method, in which the front is a closed top cover, and the soil on the excavation surface is directly pushed away by the thrust of the rear oil cylinder pushing the pipe segment. It is a process in which soil extrusion and assembly of pipe segments are carried out simultaneously, but this method has high requirements on the stratum. Most of them are suitable for medium and short distance jacking in different soft soil strata such as saturated water-containing clay or sandy soil, and cannot be used in rock strata; the other is the slag discharge method. The shield machine starts from the existing tunnel, pushes the assembled pipe segments through the oil cylinder, and the cutter head excavates the center of the slag. It is a process in which soil excavation and assembly of pipe segments are carried out simultaneously, but this method has high requirements on equipment integration, the equipment is cumbersome, personnel need to work at high altitude, and the safety is poor.

[0005] There is currently no effective solution to the problems in related technologies such as poor safety of shaft excavation operations connected to existing tunnels, complicated equipment and construction methods, and high requirements for the stratum.

[0006] Therefore, the inventor, relying on many years of experience and practice in related industries, proposes a shaft construction device and a construction method to overcome the defects of the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shaft construction device and method, which can excavate a shaft and connect it to the existing tunnel under the condition of slightly disturbing the existing tunnel. At the same time, it can be flexibly combined with a variety of vertical shaft construction equipment, is applicable to a wide range of strata, and has a high safety factor.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a shaft construction device and a construction method, in which the top support fixation and splicing of the pipe segments into rings are carried out simultaneously, which can not only prevent the shaft from retreating or sinking, but also improve the accuracy and speed of pipe segment assembly. By fixing the pipe segments in the excavation direction, the excavation posture of the excavation device is ensured to be free of deviation and twisting, thereby improving the accuracy of shaft excavation.

[0009] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following scheme:

[0010] The present invention provides a shaft construction device, which includes a transmission device for transporting pipe sections to a position close to a wellhead, a supporting device for grabbing, splicing and pushing the pipe sections transported to the wellhead to move downward after the splicing is completed, and a tunneling device for excavating soil from top to bottom, wherein the tunneling device is arranged at the wellhead;

[0011] The jacking device includes a jacking support bracket, a first slide rail, a second slide rail and a jacking mechanism. The jacking support bracket is arranged near the wellhead, the transmission device extends to the bottom of the jacking support bracket, the first slide rail transports the pipe section to the splicing position of the wellhead, and the second slide rail transports the pipe section on the transmission device to the first slide rail; the jacking mechanism includes a slider, a clamping device and a first jacking cylinder arranged vertically, the slider and the clamping device are respectively arranged at the top and bottom of the first jacking cylinder, the slider can move along the first slide rail and the second slide rail, and the slider can move between the second slide rail and the first slide rail.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first slide rail is an annular slide rail circumferentially arranged above the wellhead, and the second slide rail is a linear slide rail, one end of the linear slide rail is connected to the top support bracket, and the other end of the linear slide rail is connected to the annular slide rail;

[0013] The number of the annular slide rails is one, the number of the top support brackets, the linear slide rails and the top support mechanisms are equal and multiple, each of the transmission devices is arranged at intervals along the circumference of the wellhead position, each of the transmission devices extends to the bottom of the corresponding linear slide rail, and each of the linear slide rails is connected between the annular slide rail and the corresponding top support bracket.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of fixing frames are arranged on the transmission device along its transmission direction, and the bottom of each of the pipe sections is respectively embedded in the corresponding fixing frame.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a locking ring beam is buried in the soil near the wellhead position and along the circumference of the wellhead, and a second supporting cylinder is vertically arranged below the supporting bracket, one end of the second supporting cylinder is connected to the bottom of the supporting bracket, and the bottom end of the second supporting cylinder is connected to the top of the locking ring beam.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the clamping device is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the first supporting cylinder via a swivel connection member;

[0017] A first slide groove is provided at the bottom of the linear slide rail along its extension direction, and a second slide groove is provided at the bottom of the annular slide rail along its extension direction, and the first slide groove is connected with the second slide groove at the connection position between the linear slide rail and the annular slide rail, and the slider can be slidably embedded in the first slide groove or the second slide groove, and the slider can slide between the first slide groove and the second slide groove.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of positioning blocks are provided at the connection position between the linear slide rail and the annular slide rail, and a slot matching each of the positioning blocks is provided on the top of the sliding block. During the excavation of the soil, each of the positioning blocks is respectively engaged with the corresponding slot to position the sliding block.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shaft construction device further comprises a receiving device for receiving the excavation device after the shaft is formed, and the receiving device is arranged in the main tunnel and at a position vertically opposite to the shaft;

[0020] The receiving device includes a receiving sleeve, a fixed frame, a trolley cylinder and a trolley. The receiving sleeve is a cylindrical structure with an opening at the top and a sealing bottom. The receiving sleeve is filled with a filling body. The trolley is movably arranged at the bottom of the main tunnel. The fixed frame is arranged at the bottom of the receiving sleeve. The trolley cylinder is vertically arranged between the fixed frame and the trolley, and the two ends of the trolley cylinder are respectively connected to the bottom of the fixed frame and the top of the trolley.

[0021] The present invention provides a vertical shaft construction method, which comprises the following steps:

[0022] Step S1: Control the supporting device to push the excavation device to excavate a first preset distance from top to bottom at a preset shaft excavation position, and assemble a first ring of shaft segments from bottom to top;

[0023] Step S2: controlling the supporting device to push the excavation device to continue excavating downward by a second preset distance;

[0024] Step S3: at least one set of supporting mechanisms fixes the shaft segments of the first ring, and at least another set of supporting mechanisms moves to the corresponding second slide rail and is located above the pipe segments and grabs the pipe segments through the clamping devices at the bottom of the supporting mechanisms;

[0025] Step S4: the supporting mechanism with the pipe section gripped below is moved to the position to be spliced ​​along the corresponding second slide rail and first slide rail in sequence, and each pipe section supporting mechanism is fixed at the position to be spliced;

[0026] Step S5: the supporting mechanism that fixes the first ring of the shaft segment in step S3 is unfixed, moved to the corresponding second slide rail and positioned above the pipe segment, and the pipe segment is grabbed by the clamping device at the bottom of the supporting mechanism;

[0027] Step S6: the supporting mechanism with the pipe segment gripped below moves to the position to be spliced ​​along the corresponding second slide rail and first slide rail in sequence, and is spliced ​​with the pipe segments already in the position to be spliced ​​to form a second ring shaft segment;

[0028] Step S7: Repeat the steps S1 to S6 until the tunneling device excavates the shaft to be connected with the main tunnel below it, and the excavation of the shaft is completed.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S7, the excavation device enters into a receiving sleeve located in the main tunnel.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after step S7, the following steps are further included:

[0031] Step S8: Keep the position of the shaft segments fixed at the shaft opening by the supporting mechanisms unchanged, and perform grouting reinforcement in the areas between the shaft segments and the inner wall of the shaft and the surrounding soil of the shaft;

[0032] Step S9: cutting the receiving sleeve to separate it from the composite segment structure on the inner wall of the main tunnel, separating the shield of the tunneling device from the first ring of the shaft segments, and welding and sealing the gap between the first ring of the shaft segments and the steel part of the composite segment structure;

[0033] Step S10: retracting the trolley cylinder, and transporting the excavation device and the receiving sleeve out of the main tunnel by the trolley, and setting a tunnel opening ring beam at the connection position between the shaft and the main tunnel;

[0034] Step S11: dismantle the shaft excavation equipment on the ground and carry out the exit work. Meanwhile, add a cover plate at the shaft opening and backfill the gap at the shaft opening with concrete to complete the shaft operation.

[0035] As described above, the characteristics and advantages of the shaft construction device and the construction method of the present invention are: in the process of excavating the shaft from top to bottom by the tunneling device, the pipe section can be transported to a position close to the wellhead by the transmission device, a first slide rail is arranged above the wellhead position along the circumference of the wellhead, and the first slide rail is respectively connected to the top support bracket through a plurality of second slide rails, a clamping device is arranged at the bottom of the top support mechanism, the top support mechanism can move along the second slide rail and the first slide rail, and the top support mechanism can move between the second slide rail and the first slide rail, so that the pipe section transported to the position close to the wellhead can be grasped, spliced ​​and pushed, and the spliced ​​pipe section moves downward, and as the tunneling device The soil is excavated from top to bottom, and the pipe sections are transported and spliced ​​by the jacking mechanism and then spliced ​​in sequence to form each ring of shaft segments. At the same time, the spliced ​​shaft segments can be jacked and fixed by the jacking mechanism, which can prevent the shaft from retreating or sinking and improve the accuracy and speed of pipe segment assembly. The shaft segments are fixed in the excavation direction to ensure that the excavation posture of the excavation device is free of deviation and twisting, thereby improving the accuracy of shaft excavation. The excavation of the shaft can be completed under the condition of slight disturbance to the existing tunnel. The shaft can be flexibly combined with a variety of positive shaft construction equipment, is applicable to a wider range of strata, has a higher safety factor, and is suitable for popularization and use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The following drawings are only intended to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0037] in:

[0038] Figure 1 : It is one of the top views of the shaft construction device of the present invention under construction status.

[0039] Figure 2 : It is one of the front cross-sectional views of the shaft construction device of the present invention under construction status.

[0040] Figure 3 : It is a structural schematic diagram of the state in which the top support mechanism in the shaft construction device of the present invention grabs and moves the pipe segment.

[0041] Figure 4 : It is a structural schematic diagram of the supporting mechanism in the shaft construction device of the present invention supporting and fixing the pipe segment.

[0042] Figure 5 : It is the second front cross-sectional view of the shaft construction device of the present invention under construction state.

[0043] Figure 6: It is the third front cross-sectional view of the shaft construction device of the present invention under construction state.

[0044] Figure 7 : It is the second top view of the vertical shaft construction device of the present invention under construction status.

[0045] Figure 8 : It is the third top view of the vertical shaft construction device of the present invention under construction state.

[0046] Fig. 9 : It is the fourth top view of the vertical shaft construction device of the present invention under construction state.

[0047] Fig.10 : It is the fifth top view of the vertical shaft construction device of the present invention under construction state.

[0048] Fig.11 : It is the fourth front cross-sectional view of the shaft construction device of the present invention under construction state.

[0049] Fig.12 : It is the fifth front cross-sectional view of the shaft construction device of the present invention under construction state.

[0050] Fig.13 : It is the sixth front cross-sectional view of the shaft construction device of the present invention under construction state.

[0051] Fig.14 : It is the seventh front cross-sectional view of the shaft construction device of the present invention under construction state.

[0052] Fig.15 : It is the eighth front cross-sectional view of the shaft construction device of the present invention under construction state.

[0053] Fig.16 : It is the ninth front cross-sectional view of the shaft construction device of the present invention under construction status.

[0054] Fig.17 : It is the tenth front cross-sectional view of the shaft construction device of the present invention under construction state.

[0055] Fig.18 : It is a front cross-sectional view of a non-full-section tunneling machine used in the shaft construction device of the present invention.

[0056] Fig.19 : It is a front cross-sectional view of the drilling and blasting machine used in the shaft construction device of the present invention.

[0057] Fig. 20 : It is the sixth top view of the vertical shaft construction device of the present invention under construction status.

[0058] Fig.21 : It is the seventh top view of the vertical shaft construction device of the present invention under construction state.

[0059] Fig. 22 : It is the top view eight of the vertical shaft construction device of the present invention under construction state.

[0060] The accompanying drawings in the present invention are:

[0061] 1. Top support device; 101. Top support bracket;

[0062] 1011. Second top support cylinder; 102. Linear slide rail;

[0063] 103. annular slide rail; 1031. second slide groove;

[0064] 104. jacking mechanism; 1041. first jacking cylinder;

[0065] 1042. Slider; 1043. Clamping device;

[0066] 1044, rotary connector; 105, positioning block;

[0067] 2. Transmission device; 3. Pipe joint;

[0068] 4. Excavation device; 401. Cutterhead;

[0069] 402, shield body; 403, driving device;

[0070] 404. spiral slag discharger; 5. receiving device;

[0071] 501, receiving sleeve; 502, filling body;

[0072] 503, fixed frame; 504, trolley cylinder;

[0073] 505. Trolley; 6. Composite segment structure;

[0074] 601, machinable part; 602, steel part;

[0075] 603, concrete part; 7, locking ring beam;

[0076] 8. Soil; 9. Electrical system;

[0077] 10. Hydraulic system; 11. Slag discharge system;

[0078] 12. Main tunnel; 13. Grouting reinforcement area;

[0079] 14. Ring beam of opening; 15. Cover plate;

[0080] 16. Partial-face tunnel boring machine; 17. Drilling and blasting tunnel boring machine. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0081] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0082] Implementation Method 1

[0083] like Figures 1 to 17 As shown, the present invention provides a shaft construction device, which includes a transmission device 2, a supporting device 1 and a tunneling device 4. The transmission device 2 is used to transport the pipe segment 3 to a position close to the wellhead. The supporting device 1 is used to grab, splice and push the pipe segment 3 transported to the position close to the wellhead to move the spliced ​​pipe segment 3 downward. The tunneling device 4 is used to excavate the soil 8 from top to bottom. The tunneling device 4 is arranged at the wellhead; the supporting device 1 includes a supporting bracket 101, a first slide rail, a second slide rail and a supporting mechanism 104. The supporting bracket 101 is arranged close to the wellhead. The transmission device 2 extends to the bottom of the supporting bracket 101. The first slide rail transports the pipe segment 3 to the splicing position at the wellhead, and the second slide rail transports the pipe segment 3 on the transmission device 2 to the first slide rail. Among them, the first slide rail is an annular slide rail 103 arranged circumferentially above the wellhead, and the second slide rail is a linear slide rail 102. One end of the linear slide rail 102 is connected to the support bracket 101, and the other end of the linear slide rail 102 is connected to the annular slide rail 103; the support mechanism 104 includes a slider 1042, a clamping device 1043 and a first support cylinder 1041 arranged vertically. The slider 1042 is arranged at the top of the first support cylinder 1041, and the clamping device 1043 is arranged at the bottom of the first support cylinder 1041. The slider 1042 can move along the linear slide rail 102 and the annular slide rail 103, and the slider 1042 can move between the linear slide rail 102 and the annular slide rail 103.

[0084] In the process of excavating the shaft from top to bottom by the tunneling device 4 of the present invention, the pipe section 3 can be transported to a position close to the wellhead by the transmission device 2, and an annular slide rail 103 is arranged above the wellhead position along the circumference of the wellhead, and the annular slide rail 103 is respectively connected to the top support bracket 101 through a plurality of linear slide rails 102, and a clamping device 1043 is arranged at the bottom of the top support mechanism 104, and the top support mechanism 104 can move along the linear slide rail 102 and the annular slide rail 103, and the top support mechanism 104 can move between the linear slide rail 102 and the annular slide rail 103, so that the pipe section 3 transported to the position close to the wellhead can be grasped, spliced ​​and pushed, and the spliced ​​pipe section 3 moves downward, and as the tunneling device The soil is excavated from top to bottom, and each pipe segment 3 can be transported and spliced ​​by the supporting mechanism 104 and sequentially spliced ​​to form each ring shaft segment. At the same time, the spliced ​​shaft segments can be supported and fixed by the supporting mechanism 104, which can prevent the shaft from retreating or sinking and improve the accuracy and speed of assembling the pipe segments 3. By fixing the shaft segments in the excavation direction, the excavation posture of the excavation device 4 is guaranteed to be free of deviation and twisting, and the accuracy of shaft excavation is improved. The excavation of the shaft can be completed under the condition of achieving a slight disturbance to the existing tunnel (i.e., the main tunnel 12). The shaft can be flexibly combined with a variety of vertical shaft construction equipment, is applicable to a wider range of strata, has a higher safety factor, and is suitable for popularization and use.

[0085] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the number of annular slide rails 103 is one, and the shape of the annular slide rail 103 matches the profile of the cross section of the excavated vertical shaft, so as to directly transport the pipe section 3 to the wellhead position for splicing; wherein, the number of top support brackets 101, linear slide rails 102 and top support mechanisms 104 are equal and multiple, and each transmission device 2 is spaced and evenly arranged along the circumference of the wellhead position, and each transmission device 2 extends to the bottom of the corresponding linear slide rail 102, and each linear slide rail 102 is connected between the annular slide rail 103 and the corresponding top support bracket 101.

[0086] Further, such as Figure 1 As shown, the center line of the linear guide rail 102, the center line of the transmission device 2 and the center line of the pipe segment 3 are located on the same straight line, thereby ensuring that when the pipe segments 3 are assembled, each pipe segment 3 can be quickly transported to the right position without having to adjust the position of the pipe segment 3 multiple times.

[0087] Specifically, Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the number of transmission devices 2, top support brackets 101, linear slide rails 102 and top support mechanisms 104 are four, and the transmission devices 2 are symmetrically arranged in pairs relative to the wellhead position, and the top support brackets 101, linear slide rails 102 and top support mechanisms 104 are also symmetrically arranged relative to the wellhead position.

[0088] Further, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the transmission device 2 can be but not limited to a belt transmission mechanism (such as a conveyor belt), and a plurality of fixed frames are evenly arranged at intervals along the transmission direction of the transmission device 2 on the top, and the bottom of each pipe segment 3 is respectively embedded in the corresponding fixed frame, which plays a role in positioning and conveying the pipe segment 3. During the transportation process, it can ensure that the center line of the pipe segment 3 is always on the same straight line as the center line of the transmission device 2, ensuring the stable transportation of the pipe segment 3. Among them, the fixed frame can also be replaced by a groove, and the bottom of the pipe segment 3 is embedded in the groove to ensure the stability of the pipe segment 3 in the conveying state.

[0089] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the shaft construction device also includes an electrical system 9, a hydraulic system 10 and a slag discharge system 11. The electrical system 9 is used to provide electricity and high-pressure gas for excavation operations, the hydraulic system 10 is used to provide oil pressure for excavation, and the slag discharge system 11 is used to lift slag boxes and pipe sections 3 by car. The electrical system 9, the hydraulic system 10 and the slag discharge system 11 are arranged on the ground near the shaft mouth and are located between two adjacent transmission devices 2.

[0090] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 As shown, an annular locking ring beam 7 is buried in the soil 8 near the wellhead and along the circumference of the wellhead, and a second supporting cylinder 1011 is vertically arranged below the supporting bracket 101, one end of the second supporting cylinder 1011 is connected to the bottom of the supporting bracket 101, and the bottom end of the second supporting cylinder 1011 is connected to the top of the locking ring beam 7. By controlling the extension and contraction amount of the piston rod in the second supporting cylinder 1011, the height of the supporting bracket 101 can be adjusted to facilitate the grabbing and assembly of the pipe segment 3; the setting of the locking ring beam 7 can improve the supporting capacity of the soil 8 and ensure the stability of the supporting device 1.

[0091] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, Figures 2 to 4As shown, the clamping device 1043 is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the first support cylinder 1041 through a rotary connecting piece 1044; a first slide groove is provided at the bottom of the linear slide rail 102 along its extension direction (that is, the cross-section of the linear slide rail 102 is an inverted "concave" shape), and a second slide groove 1031 is provided at the bottom of the annular slide rail 103 along its extension direction (that is, the cross-section of the linear slide rail 102 is an inverted "concave" shape), and the first slide groove and the second slide groove 1031 are connected at the connection position between the linear slide rail 102 and the annular slide rail 103, and the slider 1042 can be slidably embedded in the first slide groove or the second slide groove, and the slider 1042 can slide between the first slide groove and the second slide groove. By controlling the extension and contraction of the piston rod in the first supporting oil cylinder 1041, the vertical height of the clamping device 1043 can be adjusted, so that the clamping device 1043 can be controlled to grasp, splice or support and fix the pipe section 3. In addition, since a rotary connection 1044 is provided between the clamping device 1043 and the first supporting oil cylinder 1041, the clamping device 1043 has a rotation function, so that the grasped pipe section 3 can rotate around the rotation axis, achieving the effect of avoiding transportation and adjusting the splicing angle.

[0092] Furthermore, the clamping device 1043 may be, but is not limited to, a manipulator, a hydraulic clamp, a suction cup, or a slot structure that can clamp the pipe section 3, and can achieve actions such as grabbing, splicing, and supporting and fixing the pipe section 3.

[0093] Furthermore, the slider 1042 can be a mobile cart for controlling its moving position. The mobile cart is provided with rollers and a motor. The output shaft of the motor is connected to the rollers. The rollers on the mobile cart can be movably embedded in the track in the first slide groove or the track in the second slide groove 1031. The moving position of the mobile cart can be controlled by controlling the working state of the motor, thereby completing the movement of the pipe section 3.

[0094] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown, a plurality of positioning blocks 105 are arranged at the connection position between the linear slide rail 102 and the annular slide rail 103, and each positioning block 105 is a plate-like structure arranged vertically, with gaps left between each positioning block 105, and a card slot (not shown) matching each positioning block 105 is arranged on the top of the slider 1042. During the excavation of the soil body 8, each positioning block 105 moves to the corresponding connection position between the linear slide rail 102 and the annular slide rail 103. Since the supporting mechanism 104 supports and fixes the pipe section 3, it will push the supporting mechanism 104 to move upward so that each positioning block 105 at the corresponding position is embedded in the corresponding card slot. The position of the slider 1042 is positioned by the positioning block 105 and the card slot, so as to prevent the cutter head 401 of the excavation device 4 from rotating during excavation, and to prevent the torque caused by the rotation of the cutter head 401 from causing the supporting mechanism 104 to move, thereby improving the stability of the supporting device 1 and improving the accuracy of shaft excavation.

[0095] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 As shown, the excavation device 4 includes a cutter disc 401, a shield body 402, a driving device 403 and a spiral slag discharger 404. The excavation surface of the cutter disc 401 (i.e., the end surface of the cutter disc 401 provided with a tool) is located at the bottom of the cutter disc 401, the bottom of the shield body 402 is connected to the top edge of the cutter disc 401, the bottom of the pipe section 3 can abut against the top of the shield body 402, and the driving device 403 and the spiral slag discharger 404 are both arranged at the middle position of the top of the cutter disc 401. Among them, the driving device 403 can drive the cutter disc 401 to rotate to cut and excavate the soil, and the spiral slag discharger 404 conveys and discharges the generated slag. The driving device 403 and the spiral slag discharger 404 can respectively use the driving motor and spiral slag discharger and conveying equipment used in the existing well construction method, and the specific structures of the driving device 403 and the spiral slag discharger 404 are not limited here.

[0096] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 As shown, the shaft construction device also includes a receiving device 5, which is arranged in the main tunnel 12 and at a position vertically opposite to the shaft. The receiving device 5 can receive the excavation device 4 after the shaft is formed.

[0097] Specifically, Figure 2As shown, the receiving device 5 includes a receiving sleeve 501, a fixed frame 503, a trolley cylinder 504 and a trolley 505. The receiving sleeve 501 is a cylindrical structure with an opening at the top and a sealing at the bottom. The receiving sleeve 501 is filled with a filling body 502. The trolley 505 is movably arranged at the bottom of the main tunnel 12. The fixed frame 503 is arranged at the bottom of the receiving sleeve 501. The trolley cylinder 504 is vertically arranged between the fixed frame 503 and the trolley 505, and one end of the trolley cylinder 504 is connected to the bottom of the fixed frame 503, and the other end of the trolley cylinder 504 is connected to the top of the trolley 505. After the shaft is excavated, the excavation device 4 moves down into the receiving sleeve 501, so as to receive and transport the excavation device 4. The shape and size of the cross section of the receiving sleeve 501 are compatible with the shape and size of the cross section of the tunneling device 4, which can be but not limited to round or square. The filling body 502 filled inside the receiving sleeve 501 can maintain a certain pressure in the receiving sleeve 501 to prevent the internal and external pressure difference of the receiving sleeve 501 from being too large, and to prevent excessive impact on the structure of the main tunnel 12 when the receiving sleeve 501 is cut and disassembled; the stability of the receiving sleeve 501 is ensured by the fixing frame 503, the height of the receiving sleeve 501 is adjusted by the trolley cylinder 504, and the tunneling device 4 is transported and supported by the trolley 505.

[0098] Furthermore, the filling body 502 may be, but is not limited to, mortar (ie, a mixed slurry of sand, water, bentonite and fly ash).

[0099] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 As shown, a composite segment structure 6 is provided on the inner wall of the main tunnel 12, and the composite segment structure 6 includes a cuttable portion (which is formed by mixing concrete and glass fiber reinforcement) 601, a steel portion 602 and a concrete portion 603. The concrete portion 603 constitutes the main body of the composite segment structure 6. The cuttable portion 601 is located at a position vertically opposite to the shaft, and the steel portion 602 is arranged along the circumference of the shaft at the position where the shaft is connected to the main tunnel 12, and the annular inner edge of the steel portion 602 is connected to the cuttable portion 601, and the annular outer edge of the steel portion 602 is connected to the concrete portion 603. The cuttable portion 601 is convenient for the cutterhead 401 to cut, so that the shaft is connected to the main tunnel 12. The position of the cuttable portion 601 after cutting is the opening position where the shaft is connected to the main tunnel 12; and the arrangement of the steel portion 602 can make the position where the shaft is connected to the main tunnel 12 more stable, so as to avoid the influence of the excavation of the shaft on the stability of the main tunnel 12.

[0100] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, Figures 12 to 17As shown, the shaft construction device also includes a plurality of shaft segments sequentially spliced ​​along the extension direction of the shaft, and each shaft segment is formed into a ring shape by splicing a plurality of pipe sections 3; after the shaft is formed, each pipe section 3 located at the shaft opening and each pipe section 3 located at the connection position between the shaft and the main tunnel 12 are all made of steel pipe sections, and each pipe section 3 located on the inner wall of the shaft are all made of concrete pipe sections; the bottom of the steel pipe section located at the connection position between the shaft and the main tunnel 12 is connected to the steel portion 602 in the composite segment structure 6; the top of the steel pipe section located at the shaft opening is flush with the ground or connected to a locking ring beam buried in the soil 8.

[0101] Specifically, each ring of shaft segments is composed of at least eight pipe sections 3, which are assembled between two vertically adjacent rings of shaft segments with staggered seams. The two adjacent rings of shaft segments are connected by a socket joint, and the adjacent two pipe sections 3 in each ring of shaft segments are connected by an embedded clamping method. The pipe sections 3 of the first ring of shaft segments and the last ring of shaft segments are all steel pipe sections, while the pipe sections 3 of each ring of shaft segments located in the middle are all concrete pipe sections. The steel pipe sections of the first ring of shaft segments are welded to the steel part 602 on the inner wall of the main tunnel 12 to achieve the function of blocking the tunnel door. The steel pipe sections of the last ring of shaft segments are adjustment rings, and the vertical length of the last ring of shaft segments can be adjusted according to different tunnel lengths to achieve that the top of the steel pipe section at the shaft mouth is flush with the ground, and the top of the steel pipe section at the shaft mouth can also be connected to the locking ring beam 7 to ensure the stability and safety of the entire shaft tunnel.

[0102] The present invention can be combined with different well construction methods, and the excavation device 4 can be used as follows: Fig.18 The non-full-face tunneling machine 16 shown may also be used as Fig.19 The different mechanical construction equipment shown, such as the drilling and blasting machine, improve the safety of construction operations and enhance the adaptability to different strata.

[0103] The present invention can perform excavation construction according to the shape of different shaft sections (i.e., the cross section of the shaft), and change the shape of the annular slide rail 103 above the shaft and the arrangement position of the linear slide rail 102. Fig. 20 As shown, the shape of the annular slide rail 103 can be set to be rectangular, and the linear slide rail 102 is set at the middle position of each side of the annular slide rail 103.

[0104] The present invention can set different numbers of supporting mechanisms 104 and supporting brackets 101 to stabilize the shaft excavation construction according to different shapes and areas of the shaft section. Fig.21 As shown, when the area of ​​the shaft cross section increases, the number of supporting mechanisms 104 and supporting brackets 101 can be increased.

[0105] The present invention is used when the ground construction space is small, the shaft section is small, or the geological stability of the shaft location is good, and the safety construction is met. Fig. 22 As shown, the number of the supporting mechanisms 104 and the supporting brackets 101 can be reduced to two.

[0106] During the shaft excavation process of the present invention, if there are rock layers in the soil 8, or other conditions cause the first supporting cylinder 1041 to have insufficient supporting force on the pipe segment 3, the supporting force can be applied to the pipe segment 3 by controlling the extension and contraction amount of the piston rod in the second supporting cylinder 1011.

[0107] When the top support bracket 101 is provided, the bottom of the top support bracket 101 can be embedded into the locking ring beam 7 to prevent overturning due to excessive reaction force.

[0108] The characteristics and advantages of the shaft construction device of the present invention are:

[0109] 1. The vertical shaft excavated by the vertical shaft construction device can be stably connected to the main tunnel 12, is adaptable to a wide range of strata, and has a high safety factor.

[0110] Second, the shaft construction device completes the excavation of the shaft while slightly disturbing the structure of the main tunnel 12. After the shaft is formed, the tunneling device 4 can be safely received.

[0111] 3. The shaft construction device can be flexibly combined with other vertical shaft construction equipment to improve the safety and applicability of shaft construction.

[0112] Fourth, in the shaft construction device, the pipe segments 3 can be transported, assembled and supported alternately by multiple supporting mechanisms 104, which can not only prevent the shaft from retreating or sinking, but also improve the accuracy and speed of assembling the pipe segments 3.

[0113] 5. The shaft construction device can fix the excavation direction of the shaft segment through the clamping device 1043 to ensure that the excavation posture of the excavation device 4 is not offset or twisted, thereby achieving the purpose of precise excavation.

[0114] Implementation Method 2

[0115] like Figures 1 to 17 As shown, the present invention provides a shaft construction method, comprising the following steps:

[0116] Step S1: Figure 2 As shown, the supporting device 1 is controlled to push the excavation device 4 to excavate a first preset distance from top to bottom at a preset shaft excavation position, and assemble a first ring of shaft segments from bottom to top;

[0117] Furthermore, the first preset distance is a distance that can be used to splice a ring of segments.

[0118] Further, such as Figure 1 As shown, before step S1, it is necessary to first bury a locking ring beam 7 in the soil 8 near the shaft opening, and respectively set the excavation device 4, the supporting device 1, the transmission device 2, the electrical system 9, the hydraulic system 10 and the slag discharge system 11 at the preset positions, and the pipe segment 3 and the receiving device 5 are ready.

[0119] Step S2: Figure 5 As shown, the supporting device 1 is controlled to push the excavation device 4 to continue to dig downward for a second preset distance;

[0120] Furthermore, the second preset distance is a distance that can be used to splice one ring of segments.

[0121] Step S3: Figure 6 As shown, at least one set of supporting mechanisms 104 fixes the first ring shaft segment, and at least another set of supporting mechanisms 104 moves to the corresponding linear slide rail 102 (i.e., the second slide rail) and is located above the pipe segment 3 and grabs the pipe segment 3 through the clamping device 1043 at the bottom of the supporting mechanism 104;

[0122] Specifically, Figure 6 As shown, the number of the transmission device 2, the supporting bracket 101, the linear slide 102 and the supporting mechanism 104 are all four, and each transmission device 2 is symmetrically arranged in pairs relative to the wellhead position, and each supporting bracket 101, each linear slide 102 and each supporting mechanism 104 are also symmetrically arranged relative to the wellhead position. Then in step S3, a set of symmetrical supporting mechanisms 104 is retained to fix the first ring of vertical shaft segments (the first ring of vertical shaft segments are steel segments) and keep the stroke stable, and the other set of symmetrical supporting mechanisms 104 is released, and by controlling the expansion and contraction amount of the corresponding first supporting cylinder 1041, the clamping device 1043 is moved to the top of the transmission device 2 and the pipe section 3 is grasped.

[0123] Step S4: Figures 7 and 8 As shown, the supporting mechanism 104 with the pipe section 3 grasped below moves to the position to be spliced ​​along the corresponding linear slide rail 102 and the annular slide rail 103 (i.e., the annular slide rail) in sequence, and supports and fixes each pipe section 3 at the position to be spliced;

[0124] Step S5: Fig.10 As shown, the supporting mechanism 104 fixing the first ring shaft segment in step S3 is released, moved to the corresponding linear slide rail 102 and located above the pipe segment 3, and the pipe segment 3 is grabbed by the clamping device 1043 at the bottom of the supporting mechanism 104;

[0125] Step S6: Fig.11 , Fig.12As shown, the supporting mechanism 104 with the pipe segment 3 grasped at the bottom moves to the position to be spliced ​​along the corresponding linear slide rail 102 and the annular slide rail 103 in sequence, and is spliced ​​with each pipe segment 3 already at the position to be spliced ​​to form a second ring shaft segment (the second ring shaft segment is a concrete segment);

[0126] Step S7: Fig.13 , Fig.14 As shown, the operations of step S1 to step S6 are repeated until the excavation device 4 excavates through the cuttable portion 601 in the composite segment structure 6 and until the shaft is connected to the main tunnel 12 thereunder (i.e., excavated to a preset mileage), and the shaft excavation is completed.

[0127] Further, such as Fig.14 As shown, in step S7 , the excavation device 4 enters into the receiving sleeve 501 located in the main tunnel 12 .

[0128] Step S8: Fig.15 As shown, the shaft segments fixed at the shaft opening by each supporting mechanism 104 are kept unchanged, and the areas between each ring shaft segment and the inner wall of the shaft and the surrounding soil 8 of the shaft are reinforced by grouting, thereby forming a grouting reinforcement area 13;

[0129] Step S9: Fig.15 As shown, the receiving sleeve 501 is cut to separate the receiving sleeve 501 from the composite segment structure 6 on the inner wall of the main tunnel 12, and the shield 402 of the excavation device 4 is separated from the first ring of shaft segments, and the gap between the first ring of shaft segments and the steel portion 602 in the composite segment structure 6 is welded and sealed;

[0130] Step S10: Fig.16 As shown, the trolley cylinder 504 is retracted, and the excavation device 4 and the receiving sleeve 501 are transported out of the main tunnel 12 by the trolley 505, and at the same time, the opening ring beam 14 is set at the connection position between the shaft and the main tunnel 12;

[0131] Step S11: Fig.17 As shown, the shaft excavation equipment located on the ground (such as: the supporting device 1, the transmission device 2, the electrical system 9, the hydraulic system 10 and the slag discharge system 11) is dismantled and the exit work is carried out. At the same time, a cover plate is added to the shaft opening and the gap between the locking ring beam 7 and the shaft opening is backfilled with concrete to complete the shaft operation.

[0132] The characteristics and advantages of the shaft construction method of the present invention are:

[0133] 1. The shaft construction method of the present invention can dig a shaft to connect with the existing tunnel under the condition of slightly disturbing the existing tunnel. At the same time, it can be flexibly combined with a variety of vertical shaft construction equipment, is applicable to a wide range of strata, and has a high safety factor.

[0134] 2. The shaft construction method of the present invention simultaneously performs top support fixation and ring splicing of the pipe segment 3, which can prevent the shaft from retreating or sinking and improve the accuracy and speed of assembling the pipe segment 3. By fixing the pipe segment 3 in the excavation direction, the excavation posture of the excavation device 4 is guaranteed to be free of deviation and twisting, thereby improving the accuracy of shaft excavation.

[0135] The above description is only an illustrative embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by any person skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principle of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaft construction device, characterized in that: The shaft construction device includes a transmission device for transporting pipe sections to a position close to the wellhead, a supporting device for grabbing, splicing and pushing the pipe sections transported to the wellhead to move downward after the splicing is completed, and a tunneling device for excavating the soil from top to bottom, and the tunneling device is arranged at the wellhead; The jacking device comprises a jacking bracket, a first slide rail, a second slide rail and a jacking mechanism, wherein the jacking bracket is arranged near the wellhead, the transmission device extends to the bottom of the jacking bracket, the first slide rail transports the pipe section to the splicing position at the wellhead, and the second slide rail transports the pipe section on the transmission device to the first slide rail; the jacking mechanism comprises a slider, a clamping device and a first jacking cylinder arranged vertically, the slider and the clamping device are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the first jacking cylinder, the slider can move along the first slide rail and the second slide rail, and the slider can move between the second slide rail and the first slide rail; The first slide rail is an annular slide rail circumferentially arranged above the wellhead, and the second slide rail is a linear slide rail, one end of the linear slide rail is connected to the top support bracket, and the other end of the linear slide rail is connected to the annular slide rail; The number of the annular slide rails is one, and the shape of the annular slide rail matches the profile of the cross section of the excavated vertical shaft. The number of the top support brackets, the linear slide rails and the top support mechanisms are equal and multiple. The transmission devices are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the wellhead position, and the transmission devices extend to the bottom of the corresponding linear slide rails respectively. Each linear slide rail is connected between the annular slide rail and the corresponding top support bracket.

2. The shaft construction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of fixing frames are arranged on the transmission device along the transmission direction thereof, and the bottom of each pipe section is respectively embedded in the corresponding fixing frame.

3. The shaft construction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A locking ring beam is buried in the soil near the wellhead and along the circumference of the wellhead, and a second supporting cylinder is vertically arranged below the supporting bracket, one end of the second supporting cylinder is connected to the bottom of the supporting bracket, and the bottom end of the second supporting cylinder is connected to the top of the locking ring beam.

4. The shaft construction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping device is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the first supporting cylinder via a swivel connection piece; A first slide groove is provided at the bottom of the linear slide rail along its extension direction, and a second slide groove is provided at the bottom of the annular slide rail along its extension direction, and the first slide groove is connected with the second slide groove at the connection position between the linear slide rail and the annular slide rail, and the slider can be slidably embedded in the first slide groove or the second slide groove, and the slider can slide between the first slide groove and the second slide groove.

5. The shaft construction device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of positioning blocks are arranged at the connection position between the linear slide rail and the annular slide rail, and a slot matching each of the positioning blocks is arranged on the top of the slide block. During the excavation of the soil, each of the positioning blocks is respectively engaged with the corresponding slot to position the slide block.

6. The shaft construction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaft construction device also includes a receiving device for receiving the excavation device after the shaft is formed, and the receiving device is arranged in the main tunnel and at a position vertically opposite to the shaft; The receiving device includes a receiving sleeve, a fixed frame, a trolley cylinder and a trolley. The receiving sleeve is a cylindrical structure with an opening at the top and a sealing bottom. The receiving sleeve is filled with a filling body. The trolley is movably arranged at the bottom of the main tunnel. The fixed frame is arranged at the bottom of the receiving sleeve. The trolley cylinder is vertically arranged between the fixed frame and the trolley, and the two ends of the trolley cylinder are respectively connected to the bottom of the fixed frame and the top of the trolley.

7. A vertical shaft construction method, which uses the vertical shaft construction device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 to form a vertical shaft, characterized in that: The shaft construction method comprises the following steps: Step S1: Control the supporting device to push the excavation device to excavate a first preset distance from top to bottom at a preset shaft excavation position, and assemble a first ring of shaft segments from bottom to top; Step S2: controlling the supporting device to push the excavation device to continue excavating downward by a second preset distance; Step S3: at least one set of supporting mechanisms fixes the shaft segments of the first ring, and at least another set of supporting mechanisms moves to the corresponding second slide rail and is located above the pipe segments and grabs the pipe segments through the clamping devices at the bottom of the supporting mechanisms; Step S4: the supporting mechanism with the pipe section gripped below is moved to the position to be spliced ​​along the corresponding second slide rail and first slide rail in sequence, and each pipe section supporting mechanism is fixed at the position to be spliced; Step S5: the supporting mechanism that fixes the first ring of the shaft segment in step S3 is unfixed, moved to the corresponding second slide rail and positioned above the pipe segment, and the pipe segment is grabbed by the clamping device at the bottom of the supporting mechanism; Step S6: the supporting mechanism with the pipe segment gripped below moves to the position to be spliced ​​along the corresponding second slide rail and first slide rail in sequence, and is spliced ​​with the pipe segments already in the position to be spliced ​​to form a second ring shaft segment; Step S7: Repeat the steps S1 to S6 until the tunneling device excavates the shaft to be connected with the main tunnel below it, and the excavation of the shaft is completed.

8. The vertical shaft construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S7, the excavation device enters into a receiving sleeve located in the main tunnel.

9. The vertical shaft construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: After step S7, the method further includes: Step S8: Keep the position of the shaft segments fixed at the shaft opening by the supporting mechanisms unchanged, and perform grouting reinforcement in the areas between the shaft segments and the inner wall of the shaft and the surrounding soil of the shaft; Step S9: cutting the receiving sleeve to separate it from the composite segment structure on the inner wall of the main tunnel, separating the shield of the tunneling device from the first ring of the shaft segments, and welding and sealing the gap between the first ring of the shaft segments and the steel part of the composite segment structure; Step S10: retracting the trolley cylinder, and transporting the excavation device and the receiving sleeve out of the main tunnel by the trolley, and setting a tunnel opening ring beam at the connection position between the shaft and the main tunnel; Step S11: dismantle the shaft excavation equipment on the ground and carry out the exit work. Meanwhile, add a cover plate at the shaft opening and backfill the gap at the shaft opening with concrete to complete the shaft operation.

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