Solid waste treatment device

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application discloses a solid waste treatment device, comprising: an internal hollow gasification combustion chamber, which comprises an upper section, a middle section and a lower section arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the lower section surrounds a lower chamber in at least partially cylindrical and / or circular truncated cone shape; a feeding pipe in fluid communication with the gasification combustion chamber at the top of the middle section; a heat source installed in the gasification combustion chamber and located at the bottom of the middle section; a waste gas pipe in fluid communication with the gasification combustion chamber at the top of the upper section; a slag discharge port in fluid communication with the gasification combustion chamber at the bottom of the lower section; and a flue gas treatment module in fluid communication with the waste gas pipe. According to the present application, it overcomes the problems of existing incineration technology, such as insufficient combustion, easy to cause secondary pollution and the like, especially the technical problems that the existing incineration technology cannot handle dangerous waste such as plastic, oily sludge and medical waste, and the disadvantages of complex structure and large floor area.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a solid waste treatment device. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, ships generally classify solid waste into three categories for treatment, ① general solid waste such as paper, textiles, wood, etc., which is treated by a ship incinerator, and the slag produced by incineration is directly discharged into the sea; ② hazardous waste such as plastic, oil sludge and medical waste, which cannot be directly treated by an incinerator, and is stored in a specific cabin and then recycled on shore; ③ non-incinerable solid waste (food waste, metal, glass, etc.), which is usually crushed and dried before being discharged into the sea, and the recyclable waste is collected and recycled on shore.

[0003] With the rapid development of social economy, the number of ocean voyages and sailing time of ships is increasing year by year, and the amount of solid waste of ships is also increasing accordingly, especially the amount of hazardous waste such as plastic, oil sludge and medical waste is increasing dramatically. The existing traditional incineration treatment method has problems such as incomplete combustion, easy production of leachate, toxic tail gas and fly ash, and waste heat cannot be recycled and utilized, etc. when treating general solid waste, which can easily cause environmental secondary pollution and energy waste problems, and can also cause potential harm to the cabin environment and the health of the crew. Moreover, due to the limitation of combustion temperature and process level, the existing traditional incineration treatment method is strictly prohibited for treating hazardous waste such as plastic, oil sludge and medical waste. Restricted by the storage space of the ship, the treatment cost and various marine protection laws and regulations, the traditional incineration treatment method and the recycling method on shore cannot meet the treatment needs of the existing solid waste of the ship.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a solid waste treatment device to overcome the problems of incomplete combustion, easy secondary pollution, etc. of the existing incineration technology. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a solid waste treatment device to overcome the problems of incomplete combustion, easy secondary pollution, etc. of the existing incineration technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present application disclose the following technical solutions:

[0007] A solid waste treatment device is provided, comprising:

[0008] The gasification combustion chamber is internally hollow, comprising an upper section, a middle section and a lower section arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and the lower section surrounds a lower chamber in at least partially cylindrical and / or circular truncated conical shape;

[0009] a feed pipe in fluid communication with the gasification combustion chamber at the top of the middle section;

[0010] a heat source installed in the gasification combustion chamber and located at the bottom of the middle section;

[0011] an exhaust pipe in fluid communication with the gasification combustion chamber at the top of the upper section;

[0012] a slagging port in fluid communication with the gasification combustion chamber at the bottom of the lower section; and

[0013] a flue gas treatment module in fluid communication with the exhaust pipe;

[0014] wherein a plurality of air outlet pipes are arranged on the sidewall of the lower section and arranged around the lower chamber, the blowing direction of the air outlet pipes being tangential to the lower chamber and arranged obliquely upward, so that the gasification medium entering the lower chamber through the air outlet pipes is forced to follow a helical upward path around the lower chamber.

[0015] In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, at least one section of the lower section gradually decreases in cross-sectional area in a direction from top to bottom, so that at least part of the sidewall of the lower section forms an angle γ with the horizontal plane.

[0016] In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, the angle γ is greater than the angle of repose of the solid waste particles.

[0017] In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, the inner sidewall and / or the outer sidewall of the upper section and the middle section are provided with a cooling unit arranged around the gasification combustion chamber.

[0018] In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, a cooling pipe is arranged in the cooling unit, and a cooling medium is circulated in the cooling pipe.

[0019] In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, the inlet of the cooling pipe is arranged at the bottom of the cooling unit, and the outlet of the cooling pipe is arranged at the top of the cooling unit.

[0020] In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, the terminal point of the helical upward path is flush with the height of the heat source.

[0021] In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, the heat source is a plasma torch.

[0022] In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, the feed pipe is in fluid communication with an upper feed air port and a lower feed air port, the upper feed air port being positioned above the lower feed air port.

[0023] In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, a filter is disposed between the flue gas treatment module and the exhaust pipe, the filter having an absolute filtration rating less than a maximum diameter of the solid waste particles.

[0024] In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, the flue gas treatment module comprises:

[0025] a purification chamber in fluid communication with the exhaust pipe at one end and with an exhaust pipe at the other end; and

[0026] a selective non-catalytic reduction unit and an alkali liquid spray cooling unit arranged in sequence along a flow direction of the gas in the purification chamber;

[0027] wherein the SNCR spray port of the selective non-catalytic reduction unit and the alkali liquid spray port of the alkali liquid spray cooling unit are both in fluid communication with the purification chamber, and the spray directions of the SNCR spray port and the alkali liquid spray port are both perpendicular to the flow direction.

[0028] In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, the purification chamber is provided with a partition structure defining an indirect gas path within the purification chamber.

[0029] In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, the partition structure is composed of at least one partition subset, each partition subset comprising a pair of partition plates arranged in opposite directions on an inner side wall of the purification chamber; the pair of partition plates in each partition subset are spaced apart from each other, each partition plate extending from one side of the purification chamber towards the opposite side in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction and terminating before contacting the opposite side, so as to form the indirect gas path composed of at least one S-bend between the exhaust pipe, the partition structure and the exhaust pipe.

[0030] In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, the exhaust pipe is provided with a flue gas sensor; when the flue gas sensor determines that the particle content in the exhaust pipe meets a set threshold, the exhaust pipe discharges the purified gas; when the flue gas sensor determines that the particle content in the exhaust pipe does not meet the set threshold, the exhaust pipe introduces the purified gas upstream of the purification chamber for secondary purification until the sensor determines that the particle content after secondary purification meets the set threshold.

[0031] One of the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects: it overcomes the problems of incomplete combustion and easy secondary pollution caused by existing incineration technologies.

[0032] Another technical solution mentioned above has the following advantages or beneficial effects: because it can recover and utilize the waste heat generated during the incineration process, it further solves the problem of waste heat waste and improves the energy recovery and utilization rate in the solid waste treatment process. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The technical solution and other beneficial effects of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the solid waste treatment device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, showing the main components.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the flue gas treatment module in the solid waste treatment device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. In addition to showing the main components, the diagram also shows the flow paths of various airflows.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the lower section of the solid waste treatment device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 According to Figure 3 The partial sectional view obtained by cutting along section line AA in the figure shows the angular relationship between the air outlet duct and the side wall. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in connection with the drawings of the embodiments of the present application. In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0039] Embodiment 1

[0040] Please refer to Figure 1 as shown, Figure 1 The structural schematic diagram of the solid waste treatment device 1 provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure, which shows the main parts. The solid waste treatment device 1 provided by the embodiment of the present application is to burn the solid waste sufficiently, so as to prevent the problem of secondary pollution caused by insufficient combustion. Specifically, the solid waste treatment device 1 provided by the embodiment of the present application comprises:

[0041] The gasification combustion chamber 11 is hollow inside, which comprises an upper section 111, a middle section 112 and a lower section 113 arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and the lower section 113 surrounds a lower chamber at least partially in the shape of a cylinder and / or a circular truncated cone;

[0042] The feed pipe 12 is in fluid communication with the gasification combustion chamber 11 at the top of the middle section 112;

[0043] The heat source 13 is installed in the gasification combustion chamber 11 and located at the bottom of the middle section 112;

[0044] The exhaust pipe 114 is in fluid communication with the gasification combustion chamber 11 at the top of the upper section 111;

[0045] The slag discharge port 115 is in fluid communication with the gasification combustion chamber 11 at the bottom of the lower section 113; and

[0046] The flue gas treatment module 3 is in fluid communication with the exhaust pipe 114;

[0047] The side wall 1131 of the lower section 113 is provided with a plurality of air outlet pipes 1132 arranged around the lower chamber, the blowing direction of the air outlet pipes 1132 is tangential to the lower chamber and arranged obliquely upward, so that the gasification medium 1134 entering the lower chamber through the air outlet pipes 1132 is forced to follow a spiral upward path around the lower chamber. The blowing direction of the air outlet pipes 1132 makes the blowing flow field in a rotating state, greatly increasing the mixing degree of solid waste particles and gasification medium, ultimately greatly improving the particle gasification efficiency and making the gasification more thorough. Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of the lower section of the solid waste treatment device provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure; Figure 4 A partial cross-sectional view obtained by cutting along the A-A cross-sectional line in the figure shows the angle relationship between the air outlet pipe and the side wall. In Figure 3 Figure 3 Figure 4 As can be seen in the embodiment shown in the figure, the blowing direction of the air outlet pipe 1132 and the side wall 1131 form an included angle α, the angle size of the included angle α is 0°-45°, and in a preferred embodiment, the angle size of the included angle α is 10°. The center line Z of the gasification combustion chamber 11 can be used as a reference for certain size characteristics of the solid waste treatment device 1.

[0048] Referring again to Figure 3 , at least one cross-sectional area of the lower section 113 gradually decreases in the direction from top to bottom, so that at least part of the side wall 1131 of the lower section 113 forms an included angle γ with the horizontal plane. Thus, the residual solid residues after incineration can be guided by the side wall 1131 to accumulate in the residue discharge port 115. In a preferred embodiment, in order to prevent the accumulation of solid residues on the side wall 1131 causing the residue discharge port 115 to be blocked, the included angle γ can be set to be greater than the angle of repose of the solid waste particles.

[0049] Referring again to Figure 1 , the terminal height of the spiral upward path is flush with the height H of the heat source 13. Thus, the solid waste particles are fluidized and suspended at the height of the plasma torch, so that the solid waste particles are effectively gasified, further improving the incineration completion degree. In a preferred embodiment, the heat source 13 is a plasma torch.

[0050] ​​As a further improvement, the feeding pipe 12 is in fluid communication with an upper feeding air outlet 121 and a lower feeding air outlet 122, the upper feeding air outlet 121 is located above the lower feeding air outlet 122. The upper feeding air outlet 121 and the lower feeding air outlet 122 are used for blowing material to prevent solid waste particles from accumulating and blocking in the feeding pipe 12. Specifically, by controlling the air volume of the upper and lower feeding air outlets, the solid waste particles are blown into the middle part of the gasification combustion device, and cooperate with the air outlet in the lower part of the gasification combustion chamber to suspend and gasify the particles, while also providing air for the combustion of the combustible gas generated after gasification in the upper part of the gasification combustion chamber.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, a filter 116 with an absolute filtration degree smaller than the maximum diameter of the solid waste particles is arranged between the flue gas treatment module 3 and the exhaust pipe 114. Only the flue gas and air after combustion can pass through the filter 116, which performs preliminary filtration on the exhaust gas generated by incineration to filter out large particles of dust in the exhaust gas.

[0052] Embodiment 2

[0053] Again referring to Figure 1 , Figure 1 Further, the improved solid waste treatment device 1 provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown. The solid waste treatment device 1 provided by the embodiment can recover the waste heat generated by incineration, further solving the problem of waste heat waste and improving the energy recovery rate during solid waste treatment. The difference between embodiment 2 and embodiment 1 is that the gasification combustion chamber 11 is further improved. Specifically, the inner side wall and / or outer side wall of the upper section 111 and the middle section 112 are provided with a cooling unit 17 arranged around the gasification combustion chamber 11. The cooling unit 17 is used to recover the heat generated after gasification and combustion. The heat recovered by the cooling unit 17 can be used for hot water shower on the ship, cabin heating and other purposes, not only making the whole system compact, but also making the heat generated after gasification and combustion can be recycled.

[0054] As a further improvement, the cooling unit 17 is extendedly arranged with a cooling pipeline, and a cooling medium 14 is circulated in the cooling pipeline. The extension arrangement of the cooling pipeline can adopt a spiral upward type or an S-shaped return upward type, and the cooling medium can adopt water (preferably pure water), heat-conducting oil (for example, alkyl benzene type

benzene ring type

[0055] As a further improvement, the liquid inlet 16 of the cooling pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the cooling unit 17, and the liquid outlet 15 of the cooling pipeline is arranged at the top of the cooling unit 17. In the preferred embodiment, the cooling unit 17 is also arranged around the sidewall of the exhaust gas pipeline 114, and in other embodiments, the liquid inlet 16 and the feed pipeline 12 are respectively located on the opposite sidewalls of the gasification combustion chamber 11.

[0056] Embodiment 3

[0057] With reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 2 The structure diagram of the flue gas treatment module in the solid waste treatment device provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure, in which the flow paths of various gas flows are shown in addition to the main components. Compared with the solid waste treatment device 1 of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, the flue gas treatment module 3 is further improved in this embodiment to re-filter the preliminarily filtered exhaust gas, so that the exhaust gas finally discharged into the atmosphere can meet the environmental protection index requirements. The gas inlet distribution mechanism 20 in Embodiment 1 or 2 is adopted to improve the uniform gas effect. Specifically, the flue gas treatment module 3 comprises:

[0058] a purification chamber 31 in fluid communication with the exhaust gas pipeline 114 at one end and with the exhaust pipeline 32 at the other end; and

[0059] a selective non-catalytic reduction unit (SNCR) 33 and an alkali liquid spray cooling unit 34 arranged in sequence along the flow direction X of the gas in the purification chamber;

[0060] Among them, the SNCR spray port 331 of the selective non-catalytic reduction unit 33 and the alkali liquid spray port 341 of the alkali liquid spray cooling unit 34 are both in fluid communication with the purification chamber 31, and the liquid injection directions of the SNCR spray port 331 and the alkali liquid spray port 341 are both perpendicular to the flow direction X.

[0061] As a further improvement, in order to increase the purification time of the exhaust gas in the purification chamber 31 (i.e. increase the residence time of the exhaust gas in the purification chamber 31), so that the exhaust gas can be fully purified, a partition structure is arranged in the purification chamber 31 to define the internal space of the purification chamber 31 into a tortuous gas path 313.

[0062] As a further improvement, the partition structure is composed of at least one partition subset, each of the partition subsets comprising a pair of partition plates 312 arranged in opposite directions on the inner side wall of the purification chamber 31; the pair of partition plates 312 in each partition subset are spaced apart from each other, each partition plate (312) extending from one side of the purification chamber (31) toward the opposite side in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction X and terminating before contacting the opposite side, so as to form the meandering gas path 313 composed of at least one S-bend between the exhaust gas pipe 114, the partition structure and the exhaust pipe 32.

[0063] As a further improvement, the exhaust pipe 32 is provided with a flue gas sensor 15; when the flue gas sensor 15 determines that the particle content in the exhaust pipe 32 meets the set threshold, the exhaust pipe 32 discharges the purified gas; when the flue gas sensor 15 determines that the particle content in the exhaust pipe 32 does not meet the set threshold, the exhaust pipe 32 introduces (e.g. in the direction indicated by the arrow 322 in the figure) the purified gas into the upstream of the purification chamber 31 for secondary purification until the sensor 15 determines that the particle content after secondary purification meets the set threshold. In a preferred embodiment, the flue gas after combustion enters from the upper part of the SNCR unit 33, is discharged from the lower part and then enters the alkali liquid spray cooling unit 34, is discharged from the lower part again after being cooled from bottom to top in the alkali liquid spray cooling unit 34, and is discharged from the system after being detected by the flue gas sensor 321 to be qualified, or is re-purified if it is detected by the flue gas sensor 321 to be unqualified.

[0064] The above describes in detail a solid waste treatment device provided by an embodiment of the present application, and the principles and implementation manners of the present application are described by applying specific examples; the above description of the embodiments is only used to help understand the technical solutions and core ideas of the present application; those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or some technical features can be replaced by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A solid waste treatment device, characterized in that, include: The hollow gasification combustion chamber includes an upper section, a middle section and a lower section arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The lower section surrounds and forms a lower chamber that is at least partially cylindrical and / or frustum-shaped. The cross-sectional area of ​​at least one section of the lower section gradually decreases from top to bottom, such that at least a portion of the sidewall of the lower section forms an angle γ with the horizontal plane, and the angle γ is greater than the angle of repose of the solid waste particles. The feed pipe is in fluid communication with the gasification combustion chamber at the top of the middle section. The feed pipe is connected to an upper feed air inlet and a lower feed air inlet, with the upper feed air inlet located above the lower feed air inlet. A heat source is installed in the gasification combustion chamber and located at the bottom of the middle section; The exhaust pipe is in fluid communication with the gasification combustion chamber at the top of the upper section; The slag discharge port is in fluid communication with the gasification combustion chamber at the bottom of the lower section; as well as The flue gas treatment module is in fluid communication with the exhaust gas pipe; The lower section has multiple air outlet pipes arranged around the lower chamber on its side wall. The air outlet pipes are tangential to the lower chamber and obliquely upward, so that the vaporized medium entering the lower chamber through the air outlet pipes is forced to follow a spiral upward path around the lower chamber. The air outlet pipes have an angle α with the side wall of the lower section, and the angle α is 10°. The height of the end point of the spiral upward path is level with the height of the heat source; by controlling the air volume of the upper and lower feeding air vents, solid waste particles are blown into the middle of the gasification combustion device, and in conjunction with the air outlet at the bottom of the gasification combustion chamber, the particles are suspended and gasified. At the same time, air is also provided for the combustion of the combustible gas generated after gasification in the upper part of the gasification combustion chamber. The flue gas treatment module includes: a purification chamber, one end of which is fluidly connected to the exhaust pipe and the other end of which is fluidly connected to the exhaust pipe; and a selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) unit and an alkaline spray cooling unit arranged sequentially along the gas flow direction within the purification chamber; the exhaust pipe is equipped with a flue gas sensor; when the flue gas sensor determines that the particulate content in the exhaust pipe meets a set threshold, the exhaust pipe discharges the purified gas; when the flue gas sensor determines that the particulate content in the exhaust pipe does not meet the set threshold, the exhaust pipe introduces the purified gas upstream of the purification chamber for secondary purification until the sensor determines that the particulate content after secondary purification meets the set threshold; wherein, the exhaust gas after combustion enters from the top of the SNCR unit, exits from the bottom, and then enters the alkaline spray cooling unit, flows from bottom to top in the alkaline spray cooling unit, and then exits from the bottom again. After the flue gas sensor detects that the emissions are qualified, it is discharged from the system; if the flue gas sensor detects that the emissions are unqualified, the purification process is repeated.

2. The solid waste treatment device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Cooling units are provided on the inner and / or outer walls of the upper and middle sections, surrounding the gasification combustion chamber; wherein, the cooling units are also arranged around the side wall of the exhaust pipe, and cooling pipes are extended in the cooling units, with cooling medium circulating in the cooling pipes.

3. The solid waste treatment device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The liquid inlet of the cooling pipe and the feed pipe are located on opposite side walls of the gasification combustion chamber.

4. The solid waste treatment device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The inlet of the cooling pipe is located at the bottom of the cooling unit, and the outlet of the cooling pipe is located at the top of the cooling unit.

5. The solid waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The heat source is a plasma torch; when the end height of the spiral ascending path is level with the height of the heat source, it ensures that the solid waste particles are fluidized and suspended at the height of the plasma torch.

6. The solid waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, A filter is arranged between the flue gas treatment module and the exhaust pipe, and the absolute filtration degree of the filter is less than the maximum diameter of the solid waste particles.

7. The solid waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The SNCR nozzle of the selective non-catalytic reduction unit and the alkaline spray cooling unit are both in fluid communication with the purification chamber, and the spraying direction of the SNCR nozzle and the alkaline spray nozzle is perpendicular to the flow direction.

8. The solid waste treatment device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The cleanroom is equipped with a partition structure that defines the internal space of the cleanroom as a meandering air path.

9. The solid waste treatment device as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The partition structure consists of at least one partition subset, each partition subset including a pair of partition plates arranged opposite to each other on the inner sidewall of the purification chamber; the pair of partition plates in each partition subset are spaced apart from each other, each partition plate extends from one side of the purification chamber along a direction perpendicular to the flow direction toward the opposite side and terminates before contacting the opposite side, so as to form the meandering air passage consisting of at least one S-bend between the exhaust pipe, the partition structure and the exhaust pipe.

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