A constant line contact friction and wear testing machine

Abstract

The present invention discloses a constant line contact friction and wear testing machine, comprising: a base; a main shaft, having an axis extending in the horizontal direction and rotatably supported on the top of the base; a driving transmission mechanism, fixedly mounted on the base, used to drive the main shaft to rotate; a line contact friction pair, including a friction ring and a friction plate; the friction ring is arranged concentrically with the main shaft and detachably mounted on the end of the main shaft; a constant line contact friction is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the friction ring and the surface of the friction plate; a loading mechanism is mounted on the base and the main shaft; a lubricating oil groove, capable of swinging around the axis and longitudinal axis of the main shaft; the friction plate is mounted on the inner bottom surface of the lubricating oil groove; a detection mechanism, used to detect the contact pressure and friction force of the line contact friction pair; and a control mechanism, connected to the driving transmission mechanism and the detection mechanism by signal. The above-mentioned testing machine can ensure the constant line contact friction of the friction pair and can ensure continuous and stable lubrication.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of friction testing, and in particular to a constant line contact friction and wear testing machine. Background Art

[0002] As we all know, when two objects are in contact with each other and there is relative motion between the contact surfaces, friction will occur between the two, which will lead to different degrees of friction and wear. This friction and wear phenomenon has both benefits and disadvantages. In industrial production, it can be used to improve the surface roughness of objects, but it may also greatly weaken the performance and service life of production machines. Therefore, if we can correctly understand the friction and wear mechanism between objects in contact with each other, we can use it as a basis to guide social production practice, reduce unnecessary resource loss problems, and improve equipment efficiency. At the same time, it can also provide an important reference for the research of tribology and related fields.

[0003] At present, the scientific community has not yet formed a complete theoretical system for the friction and wear phenomenon between solids, and the research on its deep mechanism is not yet mature. Therefore, it is difficult to determine the various properties of the friction pair through theoretical analysis. However, in the industrial production process, in order to correctly design the matching relationship between friction parts, it is necessary to correctly and effectively evaluate the friction characteristics of the friction pair. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain the friction coefficient, wear characteristics, etc. between the corresponding materials by designing a suitable friction and wear machine.

[0004] In the prior art, the friction and wear testing machine used for line contact friction and wear testing has the problem that the line contact friction pairs cannot accurately maintain balance and stable line contact, because the vibration is inevitably generated during the rotation of the main shaft and the friction sensor measurement process will destroy the contact state between the friction pairs. This problem may cause uneven load loading and inaccurate results. In addition, some studies need to consider the friction characteristics of the friction pairs under stable lubrication conditions, but most friction and wear machines often cannot provide a continuous and stable lubrication environment. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a constant line contact friction and wear testing machine, which can ensure the constant line contact friction of the friction pair by releasing the degree of freedom, and can ensure a continuous and stable lubrication environment, thereby improving the accuracy of the test results.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following specific technical solutions:

[0007] A constant line contact friction and wear testing machine, the friction and wear testing machine comprising:

[0008] Pedestal;

[0009] A main shaft has an axis extending in the horizontal direction and is supported on the top of the base so as to be rotatable around the axis;

[0010] A driving transmission mechanism, fixedly mounted on the base, for driving the main shaft to rotate;

[0011] A line contact friction pair comprises a friction ring and a friction plate; the friction ring is arranged concentrically with the main shaft and is detachably mounted on the end of the main shaft; a constant line contact friction is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the friction ring and the surface of the friction plate;

[0012] A loading mechanism, mounted on the base and the spindle, for adjusting the normal pressure between the friction plate and the friction ring;

[0013] A lubricating oil groove is installed on the loading mechanism, has an opening on the top, can swing around the axis of the main shaft and the longitudinal axis, and is used to contain lubricating oil; the axis of the main shaft and the longitudinal axis intersect vertically in a horizontal plane; the friction plate is detachably installed on the inner bottom surface of the lubricating oil groove;

[0014] A detection mechanism, used for detecting the normal pressure and friction force between the friction plate and the friction ring;

[0015] The control mechanism is connected to the drive transmission mechanism and the detection mechanism signal, and is used to obtain the detection signal of the detection mechanism.

[0016] Furthermore, the driving transmission mechanism includes a driving motor, a transmission mechanism, a sleeve, a support plate and an accessory frame;

[0017] The driving motor is fixedly mounted on the base and is connected to the main shaft through the transmission mechanism;

[0018] The shaft sleeve is fixedly mounted on the base through the support plate;

[0019] The main shaft is installed in the sleeve through a bearing, and the axis of the main shaft is arranged parallel to the axis of the drive motor;

[0020] The accessory frame is mounted on one end of the sleeve close to the friction ring so as to be swingable around the axis of the main shaft, and is used to support the loading mechanism; the accessory frame is a hollow block structure, and has at least four side surfaces evenly distributed along the circumferential direction;

[0021] The control mechanism is connected to the drive motor signal and is used to control the drive motor and obtain the working state information of the drive motor.

[0022] Furthermore, the loading mechanism includes two adjustable outer rails, a loading outer frame, a loading bottom plate, a loading platform, a guide force component frame, an upper slide rail, a fulcrum frame, a lever, a guide seat, a weight, a guide rope and a loading rope;

[0023] The two adjustable outer rails are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the accessory frame and can slide along the axial direction of the main shaft. The central axis of the adjustable outer rail is parallel to the axis of the main shaft and has the same height;

[0024] The loading outer frame capable of swinging around the longitudinal axis and the axis of the main shaft is installed between the two adjustable outer rails;

[0025] Sliding guide rails extending in the vertical direction are arranged at the four inner corners of the loading outer frame;

[0026] In the vertical direction, the loading platform is spaced apart from the top of the loading base plate; the outer peripheral surfaces of the loading platform and the loading base plate are both slidably matched with the inner side surface of the sliding guide rail;

[0027] The detection mechanism comprises a positive pressure sensor fixedly mounted on the top surface of the loading base plate, and the positive pressure sensor is used to detect the positive pressure applied by the loading base plate to the loading platform;

[0028] The lubricating oil tank is fixedly installed on the top of the loading platform;

[0029] The loading mechanism drives the friction plate to apply positive pressure to the friction ring through the loading bottom plate;

[0030] The fulcrum frame is fixedly mounted on the top of the accessory frame, and the upper slide rail is pressed onto the top of the accessory frame;

[0031] The top end of the guide force component frame is fixedly mounted on the end of the upper slide rail and is an inverted U-shaped structure, with guide grooves and fixed pulleys for guiding the loading ropes being arranged on both sides;

[0032] The central axis of the lever and the axis of the main shaft are located in the same vertical plane, and the central axis of the upper slide rail and the central axis of the lever are arranged in parallel; the lever is arranged in parallel with the main shaft, and the middle part is swingably mounted on the top of the fulcrum frame through a hinge seat, one end of which is hinged to a hanging seat through a rotating shaft, and the other end is connected to the guide rope; the swing axis of the lever is parallel to the longitudinal axis; the top end of the hanging seat can swing around the axis of the rotating shaft, and the axis of the rotating shaft is parallel to the longitudinal axis and located in the same vertical plane; a roller is installed at the bottom end of the hanging seat, and the axis of the roller is parallel to the axis of the main shaft and located in the same vertical plane;

[0033] The loading rope is a closed loop structure, with the top suspended on the roller, the bottom sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the loading base plate, and the middle portion guided by the guide groove and fixed pulley of the guide force component frame, and the fixed pulleys on both sides of the loading base plate;

[0034] The bottom end of the guide rope passes around the guide seat and is connected to the weight;

[0035] The guide seat is fixedly mounted on the base and located at the bottom of the lever, and is internally provided with two fixed pulleys rotating around a horizontal axis for controlling the middle portion of the guide rope to extend in a horizontal direction through the two fixed pulleys.

[0036] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism is a belt transmission mechanism, a gear transmission mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism.

[0037] Furthermore, the detection mechanism also includes a sensor support and a friction sensor;

[0038] The sensor support is fixedly mounted on the base;

[0039] The friction force sensor is fixedly mounted on the top of the sensor support and connected to the accessory frame for detecting the friction force transmitted by the accessory frame.

[0040] Furthermore, it also includes a display device connected to the control mechanism signal;

[0041] According to the signal obtained by the control mechanism, the display device is used to display the working status information of the drive motor and the values ​​collected by the friction sensor and the positive pressure sensor.

[0042] Furthermore, the end surface of the main shaft is provided with a threaded hole;

[0043] The friction ring is mounted on the main shaft through a first locking bolt.

[0044] Furthermore, the friction plate is an annular plate provided with a central through hole, and is mounted on the lubricating oil groove by a second locking bolt passing through the central through hole;

[0045] The friction plate can be reused by rotating.

[0046] Furthermore, it also includes a speed sensor installed on the drive motor;

[0047] The rotation speed sensor is connected to the control mechanism signal and is used to detect the rotation speed of the drive motor.

[0048] Furthermore, the driving motor is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the base, and a rubber gasket is sandwiched between the driving motor and the base;

[0049] The base is provided with a notch for the transmission mechanism to pass through.

[0050] Beneficial effects:

[0051] (1) The constant line contact friction and wear testing machine of the present invention supports a main shaft and a driving transmission mechanism for driving the main shaft to rotate on a base. The line contact friction pair includes a friction ring installed on the end of the main shaft and a friction plate installed in a lubricating oil groove. The friction ring is driven to rotate by the main shaft so that the friction ring and the friction plate are in line contact friction. The loading mechanism is used to adjust the positive pressure between the friction plate and the friction ring, and friction tests under different pressure conditions are achieved through the loading mechanism. The lubricating oil groove can ensure a continuous and stable lubrication environment for the line contact friction pair, and the friction plate can always maintain a constant line contact friction state with the friction ring through the swing of the lubricating oil groove around the axis center line and the longitudinal axis of the main shaft that intersect vertically in a horizontal plane, and the lubricating oil groove can also be used to adjust the positive pressure between the friction plate and the friction ring. The friction ring and the friction plate can always have good lubrication conditions; the detection mechanism is used to detect the positive pressure and friction force between the friction plate and the friction ring; therefore, when the above-mentioned constant line contact friction and wear testing machine is conducting a friction and wear test, the constant line contact of the line contact friction pair can be ensured by releasing the degree of freedom, thereby avoiding the defect that the existing friction ring and the friction plate cannot reach the stable line contact condition due to the formation of point contact; when the loading mechanism has a swinging degree of freedom, the loading force of the friction plate and the reaction force of the friction ring will form a restoring torque, so that the loading mechanism swings in the direction of reducing the angle, and the friction plate will get closer to the friction ring until the friction pair reaches a stable line contact, thereby improving the accuracy of the friction and wear test.

[0052] (2) In the constant line contact friction and wear testing machine of the present invention, the shaft sleeve of the driving transmission mechanism is fixedly installed on the base through the support plate, and the main shaft is installed in the shaft sleeve through the bearing. The rotational installation of the main shaft is realized by the shaft sleeve and the support plate. Since the accessory frame is a hollow block structure, it can be swingably installed on one end of the shaft sleeve close to the friction ring to support the loading mechanism. By swinging the accessory frame installed on the shaft sleeve, the loading mechanism can have the freedom of swinging around the axis of the main shaft, so that the loading mechanism can swing with the friction plate, thereby avoiding the deformation of the sensitive element of the friction sensor causing the friction plate to swing around the axis of the main shaft, causing the loading force to be not perpendicular to the contact surface, thereby overcoming the principle defect that the friction sensor will affect the contact state of the friction pair during the friction measurement process, ensuring that the positive pressure is always perpendicular to the contact surface during the friction measurement process, and improving the accuracy and repeatability of the test results.

[0053] (3) The constant line contact friction and wear testing machine of the present invention has a loading mechanism composed of two adjustable outer rails, a loading outer frame, a loading base plate, a loading platform, a guide force component frame, an upper slide rail, a fulcrum frame, a lever, a guide seat, a weight, a guide rope and a loading rope, which ensures that the loading mechanism can swing synchronously with the accessory frame around the axis of the main shaft, and can also swing synchronously with the loading outer frame around the longitudinal axis during the loading process, so that the line contact friction pair moves synchronously with the loading mechanism, so that the force applied by the loading mechanism just passes through the friction contact position between the friction ring and the friction plate, further improving the accuracy of the test results.

[0054] (4) Since the detection mechanism includes a friction sensor and a positive pressure sensor, the friction sensor is fixedly installed between the sensor support and the accessory frame, and the positive pressure sensor is fixedly installed on the top surface of the loading base plate, the friction force between the friction ring and the friction plate can be detected by the friction sensor, and at the same time, the positive pressure applied by the loading mechanism can be detected by the positive pressure sensor.

[0055] (5) In the constant line contact friction and wear testing machine of the present invention, since the friction plate is an annular plate provided with a central through hole and is installed in the lubricating oil tank by means of a second locking bolt passing through the central through hole, after a single friction and wear test is completed, the friction plate can be rotated around the axis of its central through hole and then fixed, and the surface portion of the friction plate that does not participate in the friction is used as the friction pair contact surface of the next test, so that the friction plate can be repeatedly used by rotation, which can greatly improve the utilization rate of the test materials and reduce unnecessary waste.

[0056] (6) Since a rubber gasket is sandwiched between the drive motor and the base, the vibration of the drive motor can be isolated by the rubber gasket, thereby weakening the test error caused by the vibration of the drive motor itself when it is working. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the constant line contact friction and wear testing machine of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the constant line contact friction and wear testing machine.

[0059] Among them, 1-base, 2-main support plate, 3-auxiliary support plate, 4-drive motor, 5-transmission belt, 6-spindle, 7-accessory frame, 8-adjustable outer rail, 9-loading outer frame, 10-loading bottom plate, 11-carrying platform, 12-guide component frame, 13-fulcrum frame, 14-lever, 15-guide seat, 16-weight, 17-guide rope, 18-lubricating oil groove, 19-friction ring, 20-sensor support, 21-friction force sensor, 22-positive pressure sensor, 23-first locking bolt, 24-second locking bolt, 25-friction plate, 26-upper slide rail, 27-loading rope, 28-bushing, 29-guide groove, 30-fixed pulley, 31-articulated seat, 32-rotating shaft, 33-lifting seat, 34-roller DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0061] The embodiment of the present invention provides a constant line contact friction and wear testing machine, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the structure, the constant line contact friction and wear testing machine includes a base 1, a main shaft 6, a driving transmission mechanism, a line contact friction pair, a loading mechanism, a lubricating oil tank 18, a detection mechanism and a control mechanism; the base 1 is the basis of the constant line contact friction and wear testing machine; for the convenience of description, in the embodiment of the present invention, the Figure 1 The direction from left to right on the page is defined as the horizontal direction, which is the axis of the main axis. Figure 1 The direction from top to bottom of the page is defined as the vertical direction, perpendicular to the Figure 1 The direction of the page is defined as the longitudinal direction, which is the direction in which the longitudinal axis extends;

[0062] The main shaft 6 has an axis extending in the horizontal direction and is supported on the top of the base 1 so as to be rotatable around the axis.

[0063] The driving transmission mechanism is fixedly mounted on the base 1, and is used to drive the main shaft 6 to rotate, and provide power for the rotation of the main shaft 6; the driving transmission mechanism can control and adjust the rotation speed of the main shaft 6, so as to control the rotation speed of the friction ring 19 rotating with the main shaft 6;

[0064] The line contact friction pair includes a friction ring 19 and a friction plate 25; the friction ring 19 is concentrically arranged with the main shaft 6 and is detachably mounted on the end of the main shaft 6; a constant line contact friction is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the friction ring 19 and the surface of the friction plate 25; a threaded hole is arranged on the end surface of the main shaft 6; the friction ring 19 is mounted on the main shaft 6 through a first locking bolt 23; the end surface of the friction ring 19 is arranged parallel to the end surface of the main shaft 6;

[0065] The loading mechanism is mounted on the base 1 and the spindle 6 and is used to adjust the normal pressure between the friction plate 25 and the friction ring 19;

[0066] The lubricating oil groove 18 is installed on the loading mechanism, and an opening is provided on the top, which can swing around the axis and longitudinal axis of the main shaft 6, and is used to contain lubricating oil to lubricate the friction parts of the friction plate 25 and the friction ring 19; the axis and longitudinal axis of the main shaft 6 intersect vertically in the horizontal plane, that is, the axis and longitudinal axis of the main shaft 6 are both in the same horizontal plane, and the axis and longitudinal axis of the main shaft 6 intersect vertically; the friction plate 25 is detachably installed on the inner bottom surface of the lubricating oil groove 18; the friction plate 25 is an annular plate provided with a central through hole, and the upper surface of the bottom plate of the lubricating oil groove 18 can be provided with a threaded hole (not shown in the figure), and is installed in the lubricating oil groove 18 by threading the second locking bolt 24 penetrated through the central through hole and the threaded hole on the upper surface of the bottom plate; the friction plate 25 can be reused by rotating; when conducting a friction and wear test, the lubricating oil groove 18 can contain lubricating oil;

[0067] The detection mechanism is used to detect the normal pressure and friction between the friction plate 25 and the friction ring 19;

[0068] The control mechanism is connected with the drive transmission mechanism and the detection mechanism signal, and is used to obtain the detection signal of the detection mechanism.

[0069] The above-mentioned constant line contact friction and wear testing machine supports a main shaft 6 and a driving transmission mechanism for driving the main shaft 6 to rotate on the base 1. The line contact friction pair includes a friction ring 19 installed at the end of the main shaft 6 and a friction plate 25 installed in the lubricating oil groove 18. The friction ring 19 is driven to rotate by the main shaft 6, so that the friction ring 19 and the friction plate 25 are in line contact friction; the loading mechanism is used to adjust the positive pressure between the friction plate 25 and the friction ring 19. The positive pressure between the friction ring 19 and the friction plate 25 can be adjusted by the loading mechanism to realize friction tests under different pressure conditions; the lubricating oil groove 18 can ensure a continuous and stable lubrication environment for the line contact friction pair. The lubricating oil groove 18 can swing around the axis of the main shaft 6 and around the longitudinal axis. The swing of the lubricating oil groove 18 can make the friction plate 25 always maintain a constant line contact friction state with the friction ring 19, and the lubricating oil The groove 18 can ensure that the friction ring 19 and the friction plate 25 always have good lubrication conditions; the detection mechanism is used to detect the normal pressure and friction force between the friction plate 25 and the friction ring 19; therefore, when the above-mentioned constant line contact friction and wear testing machine is conducting a friction and wear test, the constant line contact of the line contact friction pair can be ensured by releasing the degree of freedom, thereby avoiding the defect that when there is an angle between the outer surface of the friction ring 19 and the friction plate 25, the friction ring 19 and the friction plate 25 form point contact due to the existence of a gap and cannot reach a stable line contact condition; when the loading mechanism has a swinging degree of freedom, the loading force of the friction plate 25 and the reaction force of the friction ring 19 will form a restoring torque, so that the loading mechanism swings in the direction of reducing the angle, and the friction plate 25 will get close to the friction ring 19 until the friction pair reaches a stable line contact, thereby improving the accuracy of the friction and wear test.

[0070] The friction plate 25 of the above-mentioned constant line contact friction and wear testing machine is an annular plate provided with a central through hole, and is installed in the lubricating oil groove 18 by a second locking bolt 24 penetrated through the central through hole. Therefore, after a single friction and wear test is completed, the friction plate 25 can be rotated around the axis of its central through hole and then fixed, and the surface portion of the friction plate 25 that does not participate in the friction is used as the friction pair contact surface of the next test, so that the friction plate 25 can be repeatedly used by rotation, which can greatly improve the utilization rate of the test material and reduce unnecessary waste.

[0071] In a specific implementation manner, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the structure, the drive transmission mechanism includes a drive motor 4, a transmission mechanism, a sleeve 28, a support plate and an accessory frame 7;

[0072] The driving motor 4 is fixedly mounted on the base 1, and is connected to the main shaft 6 through a transmission mechanism, so as to drive the main shaft 6 to rotate; the driving motor 4 can be fixedly mounted on the bottom of the base 1 by bolts, and a rubber gasket (not shown in the figure) is sandwiched between the driving motor 4 and the base 1; the base 1 is provided with a notch for the transmission mechanism to pass through; the transmission mechanism can be a belt transmission mechanism, a gear transmission mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism;

[0073] The shaft sleeve 28 is fixedly mounted on the base 1 through a support plate; Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the structure, the support plate may include a main support plate 2 and a sub-support plate 3 arranged in the vertical direction; the main support plate 2 and the sub-support plate 3 form a frame structure with high rigidity to provide effective support for the main shaft 6; the main shaft 6 is installed in the sleeve 28 through a bearing, and the axis of the main shaft 6 is arranged parallel to the axis of the drive motor 4; the accessory frame 7 can be installed on the end of the sleeve 28 close to the friction ring 19 in a swingable manner around the axis of the main shaft 6, and is used to support the loading mechanism and enable the loading mechanism to have a degree of freedom of rotation around the axis of the main shaft 6; the accessory frame 7 is a hollow block structure and has at least four side surfaces evenly distributed along the circumferential direction; the accessory frame 7 is provided with a bearing through hole, and a bearing is installed in the bearing through hole, which is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the sleeve 28 through the bearing sleeve, and the rotation of the accessory frame 7 relative to the sleeve 28 is realized by the bearing; the rotation axis of the accessory frame 7 coincides with the axis of the main shaft 6; the control mechanism is connected to the drive motor 4 signal for controlling the drive motor 4 and obtaining the working status information of the drive motor 4.

[0074] Since the shaft sleeve 28 of the driving transmission mechanism is fixedly installed on the base 1 through the support plate, the main shaft 6 is installed in the shaft sleeve 28 through the bearing, and the rotation installation of the main shaft 6 is realized by the shaft sleeve 28 and the support plate; since the accessory frame 7 is a hollow block structure, it can be swingably installed on one end of the shaft sleeve 28 to support the loading mechanism, and enable the loading mechanism to have the freedom of swinging around the axis of the main shaft 6, so that the loading mechanism can swing with the friction plate 25, thereby avoiding the deformation of the sensitive element of the friction sensor causing the friction plate 25 to swing around the axis of the main shaft 6, causing the loading force to be not perpendicular to the contact surface, and overcoming the principle defect that the friction sensor 21 will affect the contact state of the friction pair during the friction measurement process, ensuring that the positive pressure is always perpendicular to the contact surface during the friction measurement process, and improving the accuracy and repeatability of the test results.

[0075] Since a rubber gasket is sandwiched between the driving motor 4 and the base 1 , the vibration of the driving motor 4 can be isolated through the rubber gasket, thereby reducing the test error caused by the vibration of the driving motor 4 itself when working.

[0076] Furthermore, the loading mechanism includes two adjustable outer rails 8, a loading outer frame 9, a loading bottom plate 10, a loading platform 11, a guide force component frame 12, an upper slide rail 26, a fulcrum frame 13, a lever 14, a guide seat 15, a weight 16, a guide rope 17 and a loading rope 27;

[0077] The two adjustable outer rails 8 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the accessory frame 7 and can slide along the axial direction of the main shaft 6. The central axis of the adjustable outer rails 8 is parallel to the axis of the main shaft 6 and has the same height; Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the structure, a fixed slider is fixedly installed on the surface of one side of the accessory frame 7 corresponding to the adjustable outer rail 8, and the adjustable outer rail 8 and the fixed slider are slidably matched to realize the sliding adjustment of the adjustable outer rail 8 relative to the accessory frame 7; the fixed slider and the accessory frame 7 can be a separate structure or an integral structure; the axial position adjustment of the loading outer frame 9 along the main shaft 6 can be realized through the adjustable outer rail 8;

[0078] A loading outer frame 9 capable of swinging around the longitudinal axis and the axis center line of the main shaft 6 is installed between the two adjustable outer rails 8; a mounting hole is provided at one end of the adjustable outer rail 8 facing the lubricating oil groove 18, that is, at one end of the adjustable outer rail 8 away from the accessory frame 7, and the axis center line of the mounting hole coincides with the longitudinal axis; the loading outer frame 9 is provided with a rotating shaft corresponding to the position of the mounting hole, and the loading outer frame 9 is installed between the two symmetrically arranged adjustable outer rails 8 through the rotational cooperation between the rotating shaft and the mounting hole; a bearing can also be installed between the rotating shaft and the mounting hole; through the rotational cooperation between the adjustable outer rail 8 and the loading outer frame 9, the swinging freedom of the loading mechanism along the longitudinal axis can be released;

[0079] The four inner corners of the loading outer frame 9 are provided with sliding guide rails extending in the vertical direction and parallel to each other; the loading outer frame 9 is a frame structure, and four vertical sliding guide rails are provided inside the frame structure for guiding the movement direction of the loading base plate 10 and the loading platform 11;

[0080] In the vertical direction, the loading platform 11 is arranged at intervals on the top of the loading base plate 10; the outer peripheral surfaces of the loading platform 11 and the loading base plate 10 are slidably matched with the inner side surface of the sliding guide rail; fixed pulleys that roll with the loading rope 27 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the loading base plate 10;

[0081] The detection mechanism includes a positive pressure sensor 22 fixedly mounted on the top surface of the loading base plate 10; the positive pressure sensor 22 is installed between the loading base plate 10 and the loading platform 11, and is used to detect the positive pressure applied by the loading base plate 10 to the loading platform 11, so as to measure the positive pressure between the friction plate 25 and the friction ring 19;

[0082] The lubricating oil tank 18 is fixedly mounted on the top of the loading platform 11;

[0083] The loading mechanism drives the friction plate 25 to apply positive pressure to the friction ring 19 through the loading base plate 10;

[0084] The fulcrum frame 13 is fixedly mounted on the top of the accessory frame 7, and the upper slide rail 26 is pressed against the top of the accessory frame 7; the fulcrum frame 13 may be an H-shaped structure;

[0085] The top of the guide force component frame 12 is fixedly mounted on the end of the upper slide rail 26 and is an inverted U-shaped structure. A guide groove 29 and a fixed pulley 30 are provided on both sides for guiding the loading rope 27.

[0086] The lever 14 is arranged parallel to the main shaft 6, and the middle part is swingably mounted on the top of the fulcrum frame 13 through a hinge seat 31, one end is hinged to a hanging seat 33 through a rotating shaft 32, and the other end is connected to a guide rope 17; the swing axis of the lever 14 is parallel to the longitudinal axis; the top end of the hanging seat 33 can swing around the axis center line of the rotating shaft 32, and the axis center line of the rotating shaft 32 is parallel to the longitudinal axis and is located in the same vertical plane; the bottom end of the hanging seat 33 is installed with a roller 34 arranged parallel to the main shaft 6, and the axis center line of the roller 34 is parallel to the axis center line of the main shaft 6 and is located in the same vertical plane;

[0087] The loading rope 27 is a closed loop structure, with the top suspended on the roller 34, the bottom sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the loading base plate 10, and the middle portion guided by the guide groove 29 and the fixed pulley 30 of the guide force component frame 12, as well as the fixed pulleys 30 on both sides of the loading base plate 10; during the loading process, the loading rope 27 is in a taut state, and the loading force generated by the lever 14 can be transmitted to the loading base plate 10;

[0088] The bottom end of the guide rope 17 passes around the guide seat 15 and is connected to a loading weight 16;

[0089] The guide seat 15 is fixedly installed on the base 1 and is located at the bottom of the other end of the lever 14. Two fixed pulleys rotating around a horizontal axis are arranged inside. The middle part of the guide rope 17 is controlled to extend in the horizontal direction through the two fixed pulleys; the central axes of the two fixed pulleys installed inside the guide seat 15 are arranged in parallel and can be arranged in parallel with the longitudinal axis, so that the guide rope 17 bypasses the part between the two fixed pulleys in the guide seat 15 and is parallel to the axis line of the main shaft 6; the loading force generated by the gravity of the weight 16 is transmitted to the lever 14 through the guide rope 17.

[0090] The loading mechanism of the above-mentioned constant line contact friction and wear testing machine is composed of two adjustable outer rails 8, a loading outer frame 9, a loading base plate 10, a loading platform 11, a guide force component frame 12, an upper slide rail 26, a fulcrum frame 13, a lever 14, a guide seat 15, a weight 16, a guide rope 17 and a loading rope 27, which ensures that the loading mechanism can swing synchronously with the accessory frame 7 around the axis of the main shaft 6, and can also swing synchronously with the loading outer frame 9 around the longitudinal axis during the loading process, so that the line contact friction pair moves synchronously with the loading mechanism, so that the force applied by the loading mechanism just passes through the friction contact position between the friction ring 19 and the friction plate 25, further improving the accuracy of the test results.

[0091] Specifically, the detection mechanism also includes a sensor support 20 and a friction sensor 21; the sensor support 20 is fixedly mounted on the base 1; the sensor support 20 can be an L-shaped structure, with a small hole for mounting the friction sensor 21 on the top; the friction sensor 21 is fixedly mounted on the top of the sensor support 20 and connected to the accessory frame 7 to detect the friction transmitted by the accessory frame 7; the friction sensor 21 can be connected to the accessory frame 7 through a T-shaped plate, and when the accessory frame 7 is subjected to the friction transmitted by the friction plate 25, the friction sensor 21 Due to the tensile force, a corresponding deformation signal will be generated; the positive pressure sensor 22 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the loading base plate 10, and is used to detect the positive pressure applied by the loading base plate 10 to the loading platform 11; when the loading base plate 10 is subjected to the loading force, the loading base plate 10 will slide upward under the action of the loading force, so that the positive pressure sensor 22 contacts the loading platform 11; when the loading process is completed, the positive pressure sensor 22 is squeezed and deformed accordingly by the loading force, and a deformation signal is generated; the control mechanism is connected to the friction force sensor 21 and the positive pressure sensor 22 signal.

[0092] Since the detection mechanism includes a friction sensor 21 and a positive pressure sensor 22, the friction sensor 21 is fixedly installed between the sensor support 20 and the accessory frame 7, and the positive pressure sensor 22 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the loading base plate 10. Therefore, the friction force between the friction ring 19 and the friction plate 25 can be detected by the friction sensor 21, and at the same time, the positive pressure applied by the loading mechanism can be detected by the positive pressure sensor 22.

[0093] On the basis of the above various embodiments, the above constant line contact friction and wear testing machine further includes a display device connected to the control mechanism signal and a speed sensor installed on the drive motor 4; the display device and the control mechanism can be an integral structure; according to the signal obtained by the control mechanism, the display device is used to display the working state information of the drive motor 4, the values ​​collected by the friction force sensor 21 and the positive pressure sensor 22. The speed sensor is connected to the control mechanism signal and is used to detect the speed of the drive motor 4.

[0094] The display device can be used to conveniently display various working parameters and collected parameters of the testing machine; the speed sensor can be used to conveniently detect the speed of the driving motor 4, and the speed sensor and the control mechanism can monitor and adjust the relative speed between the friction plate 25 and the friction ring 19.

[0095] When the above-mentioned constant line contact friction and wear tester is used for testing, the loading force is transmitted to the loading base plate 10 through the loading rope 27. The loading base plate 10 moves upward along the sliding guide rail due to the restriction of the sliding guide rail of the loading outer frame 9. The positive pressure sensor 22 moves with the loading base plate 10, thereby pushing the loading platform 11 to move upward. The lubricating oil groove 18 is fixed on the loading platform 11 and moves upward with the loading platform 11. Since the friction plate 25 is located at the inner bottom of the lubricating oil groove 18, the friction plate 25 moves upward with the lubricating oil groove 18. After the end face of the friction plate 25 is tangent to the outer peripheral surface of the friction ring 19 and is completely fitted, the loading base plate 10 can no longer move upward, the friction pair is subjected to the corresponding loading force, the friction pair is in a line contact state, and the loading process is completed. When the outer surface of the friction ring 19 and the end surface of the friction plate 25 are not tangent due to external factors, the friction pair is out of line contact, and a certain angle appears on the corresponding contact surface, and a rotation torque is generated between the two planes; since the friction ring 19 is a fixed structure, the rotation torque finally acts on the loading mechanism, causing the loading outer frame to swing around its rotation axis in the direction of reducing the angle of the contact surface, and the end surface of the friction plate 25 swings accordingly with the loading outer frame; when the outer surface of the friction ring 19 and the end surface of the friction plate 25 are tangent again, the rotation torque acting between the two planes disappears, and the friction pair resumes the line contact state. When the drive motor 4 is running, the friction ring 19 rotates with the main shaft 6, and the outer surface of the friction ring 19 and the end surface of the friction plate 25 will always be tangent under the action of the above-mentioned restoring torque, so that the friction ring 19 and the friction plate 25 are always in a stable line contact state.

[0096] The above-mentioned constant line contact friction and wear tester can realize constant line contact friction between the friction ring 19 and the friction plate 25. On this basis, the rotation speed of the friction ring 19 is controlled by adjusting the rotation speed of the driving motor 4, and the magnitude of the positive pressure is controlled by controlling the mass of the weight 16 of the loading mechanism, thereby realizing the detection of the friction and wear conditions of the line contact friction pair under different rotation speeds and different positive pressure conditions, and improving the accuracy of the test results.

[0097] In summary, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A constant line contact friction and wear testing machine, characterized in that: include: Pedestal; A main shaft has an axis extending in the horizontal direction and is supported on the top of the base so as to be rotatable around the axis; A driving transmission mechanism, fixedly mounted on the base, for driving the main shaft to rotate; A line contact friction pair comprises a friction ring and a friction plate; the friction ring is arranged concentrically with the main shaft and is detachably mounted on the end of the main shaft; a constant line contact friction is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the friction ring and the surface of the friction plate; A loading mechanism, mounted on the base and the spindle, for adjusting the normal pressure between the friction plate and the friction ring; A lubricating oil groove is installed on the loading mechanism, has an opening on the top, can swing around the axis of the main shaft and the longitudinal axis, and is used to contain lubricating oil; the axis of the main shaft and the longitudinal axis intersect vertically in a horizontal plane; the friction plate is detachably installed on the inner bottom surface of the lubricating oil groove; When the constant line contact friction and wear testing machine is conducting a friction and wear test, the constant line contact of the line contact friction pair can be ensured by releasing the degree of freedom, thereby avoiding the defect that the existing friction ring and the friction plate cannot reach the stable line contact condition due to the point contact; when the loading mechanism has a swinging degree of freedom, the loading force of the friction plate and the reaction force of the friction ring will form a restoring torque, so that the loading mechanism swings in the direction of reducing the angle, and the friction plate will get closer to the friction ring until the friction pair reaches a stable line contact, thereby improving the accuracy of the friction and wear test; When the outer circumference of the friction ring and the end face of the friction plate are not tangent due to external factors, the friction pair is out of line contact, and a certain angle appears on the corresponding contact surface, and a rotation torque is generated between the two planes; since the friction ring is a fixed structure, the rotation torque finally acts on the loading mechanism, causing the loading mechanism to swing around its rotation axis in the direction of reducing the angle of the contact surface, and the end face of the friction plate swings accordingly with the loading mechanism; when the outer circumference of the friction ring and the end face of the friction plate are tangent again, the rotation torque acting between the two planes disappears, and the friction pair resumes the line contact state; A detection mechanism, used for detecting the normal pressure and friction force between the friction plate and the friction ring; The control mechanism is connected to the drive transmission mechanism and the detection mechanism signal, and is used to obtain the detection signal of the detection mechanism.

2. The constant line contact friction and wear testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving transmission mechanism includes a driving motor, a transmission mechanism, a sleeve, a support plate and an accessory frame; The driving motor is fixedly mounted on the base and is connected to the main shaft through the transmission mechanism; The shaft sleeve is fixedly mounted on the base through the support plate; The main shaft is installed in the sleeve through a bearing, and the axis of the main shaft is arranged parallel to the axis of the drive motor; The accessory frame is mounted on one end of the sleeve close to the friction ring so as to be swingable around the axis of the main shaft, and is used to support the loading mechanism; the accessory frame is a hollow block structure, and has at least four side surfaces evenly distributed along the circumferential direction; The control mechanism is connected to the drive motor signal and is used to control the drive motor and obtain the working state information of the drive motor.

3. The constant line contact friction and wear testing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The loading mechanism comprises two adjustable outer rails, a loading outer frame, a loading bottom plate, a loading platform, a guide force component frame, an upper slide rail, a fulcrum frame, a lever, a guide seat, a weight, a guide rope and a loading rope; The two adjustable outer rails are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the accessory frame and can slide along the axial direction of the main shaft. The central axis of the adjustable outer rail is parallel to the axis of the main shaft and has the same height; The loading outer frame capable of swinging around the longitudinal axis and the axis of the main shaft is installed between the two adjustable outer rails; Sliding guide rails extending in the vertical direction are arranged at the four inner corners of the loading outer frame; In the vertical direction, the loading platform is spaced apart from the top of the loading base plate; the outer peripheral surfaces of the loading platform and the loading base plate are both slidably matched with the inner side surface of the sliding guide rail; The detection mechanism comprises a positive pressure sensor fixedly mounted on the top surface of the loading base plate, and the positive pressure sensor is used to detect the positive pressure applied by the loading base plate to the loading platform; The lubricating oil tank is fixedly installed on the top of the loading platform; The loading mechanism drives the friction plate to apply positive pressure to the friction ring through the loading bottom plate; The fulcrum frame is fixedly mounted on the top of the accessory frame, and the upper slide rail is pressed onto the top of the accessory frame; The top end of the guide force component frame is fixedly mounted on the end of the upper slide rail and is an inverted U-shaped structure, with guide grooves and fixed pulleys for guiding the loading ropes being arranged on both sides; The central axis of the lever and the axis of the main shaft are located in the same vertical plane, and the central axis of the upper slide rail and the central axis of the lever are arranged in parallel; the lever is arranged in parallel with the main shaft, and the middle part is swingably mounted on the top of the fulcrum frame through a hinge seat, one end is hinged with a hanging seat through a rotating shaft, and the other end is connected to the guide rope; the swing axis of the lever is parallel to the longitudinal axis; the top end of the hanging seat can swing around the axis of the rotating shaft, and the axis of the rotating shaft is parallel to the longitudinal axis and located in the same vertical plane; a roller is installed at the bottom end of the hanging seat, and the axis of the roller is parallel to the axis of the main shaft and located in the same vertical plane; The loading rope is a closed loop structure, with the top suspended on the roller, the bottom sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the loading base plate, and the middle portion guided by the guide groove and fixed pulley of the guide force component frame, and the fixed pulleys on both sides of the loading base plate; The bottom end of the guide rope passes around the guide seat and is connected to the weight; The guide seat is fixedly mounted on the base and located at the bottom of the lever, and is internally provided with two fixed pulleys rotating around a horizontal axis for controlling the middle portion of the guide rope to extend in a horizontal direction through the two fixed pulleys.

4. The constant line contact friction and wear testing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism is a belt transmission mechanism, a gear transmission mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism.

5. The constant line contact friction and wear testing machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The detection mechanism also includes a sensor support and a friction sensor; The sensor support is fixedly mounted on the base; The friction force sensor is fixedly mounted on the top of the sensor support and connected to the accessory frame for detecting the friction force transmitted by the accessory frame.

6. The constant line contact friction and wear testing machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also includes a display device connected to the control mechanism signal; According to the signal obtained by the control mechanism, the display device is used to display the working status information of the drive motor and the values ​​collected by the friction sensor and the positive pressure sensor.

7. The constant line contact friction and wear testing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The end surface of the main shaft is provided with a threaded hole; The friction ring is mounted on the main shaft through a first locking bolt.

8. The constant line contact friction and wear testing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The friction plate is an annular plate provided with a central through hole, and is mounted on the lubricating oil groove by a second locking bolt passing through the central through hole; The friction plate can be reused by rotating.

9. The constant line contact friction and wear testing machine according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: Also includes a speed sensor installed on the drive motor; The rotation speed sensor is connected to the control mechanism signal and is used to detect the rotation speed of the drive motor.

10. The constant line contact friction and wear testing machine according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: The driving motor is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the base, and a rubber gasket is sandwiched between the driving motor and the base; The base is provided with a notch for the transmission mechanism to pass through.

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