Method for determining cutting pattern of lathe, control device and lathe

Abstract

A computer-implemented method for determining a cutting pattern (1) of a lathe (2), the lathe being digitally controlled by a control device (6) and comprising a tool (3) having a tool (4) acting on a workpiece (5), the workpiece (5) having a starting contour (7) and a target contour (8) obtained by cutting the workpiece (5) according to the cutting pattern (1), the method comprising: determining a path of an nth layer of the cutting pattern (6), the nth layer comprising: for n greater than or equal to 2: a feed path starting at a point E_n‑1 and ending at a point S_n and being linear and / or parallel to the target contour (8); ; a circular feed path, which starts at point S_n with radius rS_n, is tangent to the target contour (8) and ends at point IS_n; an intermediate path, which starts at point IS_n and ends at point IE_n and is linear and / or parallel to the target contour (8); a circular exit path, which starts at point IE_n and ends at point E_n with radius rE_n and is tangent to the target contour (8); for n greater than or equal to 2: a smooth path, which is linear and / or parallel to the target contour (8), starts at point E_n, includes point S_n‑1, and ends at point E_n.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to turning in the case of rotation of materials, such as extremely hard materials, such as in turbine manufacturing. For this purpose, lathes, metal lathes or metalworking lathes or generally machines suitable for turning operations are used, wherein these machines are generally digitally controlled by a control device or processor and whereby software solutions for computer-aided design / manufacturing / engineering (CAD / CAM / CAE) are used to support or control the machining process (collectively referred to herein as product systems). Background Art

[0002] Machine tools, in particular lathes, are widely used for machining workpieces. Typically, such lathes comprise a tool with a tool acting on the workpiece and are digitally controlled by a control device. Regularly machining a workpiece involves extensive and time-consuming preparation steps to ensure good quality of the machined workpiece, avoid excessive tool or tool wear, and ensure time and cost efficiency.

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to machining a workpiece using a lathe, and more particularly to determining a cutting pattern of a lathe.

[0004] Currently, there are product systems and solutions that support machining workpieces using lathes and determine the cutting patterns of lathes. Such product systems can benefit from improved solutions. Summary of the invention

[0005] Various disclosed embodiments include methods, control devices, and lathes that can be used to facilitate machining a workpiece using a lathe, and in particular, to facilitate determining a cutting pattern of a lathe.

[0006] According to a first aspect, there is provided a computer-implemented method for determining a cutting pattern of a lathe, the lathe being digitally controlled by a control device and comprising a tool having a tool acting on a workpiece, the workpiece having a starting contour and a target contour, the target contour being achieved by cutting the workpiece according to the cutting pattern, wherein the method can comprise:

[0007] Determine the path of the nth layer of the cutting pattern, the nth layer comprising:

[0008] For n≥2: a feed path, which is linear and / or parallel to the target contour, starting at point E_n-1 and ending at point S_n;

[0009] a circular feed path, which starts tangentially to the target contour at a point S_n with a radius rS_n and ends at a point IS_n;

[0010] an intermediate path, the intermediate path being linear and / or parallel to the target contour, the intermediate path starting at point IS_n and ending at point IE_n;

[0011] a circular exit path starting at point IE_n and ending tangentially to the target contour at point E_n with radius rE_n;

[0012] For n≥2: a smooth path, the smooth path is linear and / or parallel to the target contour, the smooth path starts at point E_n, includes point S_n-1, and ends at point E_n.

[0013] For example, the described computer-implemented methods can be performed by controlling the operation of a device, a lathe, and / or at least one processor.

[0014] For example, the starting contour and / or the target contour can be provided to the control device or the lathe by a user, for example, using a graphical user interface (GUI), an input device, a display, etc. In another example, the starting contour can be provided to the control device or the lathe by detecting the starting geometry of the workpiece. Alternatively or additionally, the starting contour and / or the target contour can be provided to the control device or the lathe by sending corresponding data from design software (e.g., computer-aided design (CAD), product lifecycle management software (PLM software) or other suitable software).

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment, the starting profile of the workpiece can include a cylindrical region, and the target profile of the workpiece can include a cavity or groove to be cut by a lathe.

[0016] In one embodiment, the control device and / or the lathe comprises at least one processor and / or a numerical controller which is arranged and configured to perform the method steps.

[0017] For example, the lathe can be a metal lathe or a metalworking lathe.In an exemplary embodiment, the described computer-implemented method can be used for rough cutting.

[0018] According to a second aspect, a control device for a numerically controlled lathe is provided, the lathe comprising a tool having a tool acting on a workpiece, the workpiece having a starting contour and a target contour obtained by cutting the workpiece according to a cutting pattern, wherein the control device can be arranged and configured to determine a cutting pattern of the lathe by performing the following steps:

[0019] Determine the path of the nth layer of the cutting pattern, the nth layer comprising:

[0020] For n≥2: a feed path, which is linear and / or parallel to the target contour, starting at point E_n-1 and ending at point S_n;

[0021] a circular feed path, which starts tangentially to the target contour at a point S_n with a radius rS_n and ends at a point IS_n;

[0022] an intermediate path, the intermediate path being linear and / or parallel to the target contour, the intermediate path starting at point IS_n and ending at point IE_n;

[0023] a circular exit path starting at point IE_n and ending tangentially to the target contour at point E_n with radius rE_n;

[0024] For n≥2: a smooth path, the smooth path is linear and / or parallel to the target contour, the smooth path starts at point E_n, includes point S_n-1, and ends at point E_n.

[0025] According to a third aspect, a lathe can include a tool having a tool acting on a workpiece having a starting contour and a target contour achieved by cutting the workpiece according to a cutting pattern, wherein the lathe can be digitally controlled by a control device for a numerically controlled lathe. In particular, the lathe and / or the control device can be arranged and configured to perform the following steps:

[0026] Determine the path of the nth layer of the cutting pattern, the nth layer comprising:

[0027] For n≥2: a feed path, which is linear and / or parallel to the target contour, starting at point E_n-1 and ending at point S_n;

[0028] a circular feed path, which starts tangentially to the target contour at a point S_n with a radius rS_n and ends at a point IS_n;

[0029] an intermediate path, the intermediate path being linear and / or parallel to the target contour, the intermediate path starting at point IS_n and ending at point IE_n;

[0030] a circular exit path starting at point IE_n and ending tangentially to the target contour at point E_n with radius rE_n;

[0031] For n≥2: a smooth path, the smooth path is linear and / or parallel to the target contour, the smooth path starts at point E_n, includes point S_n-1, and ends at point E_n.

[0032] According to a fourth aspect, a computer readable medium is encoded with executable instructions, which, when executed, causes the control device or lathe to perform the method of determining the cutting style of the lathe. As an example, the described computer readable medium can be non-transitory and can also be a software component on a storage device.

[0033] The technical features of the present disclosure have been summarized quite extensively above so that those skilled in the art can better understand the subsequent detailed description. Additional features and advantages of the present disclosure that form the subject matter of the claims will be described below. Those skilled in the art will understand that they can easily use the disclosed concepts and specific embodiments as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for achieving the same purpose of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will also recognize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure in its broadest form.

[0034] In addition, before proceeding with the following detailed description, it should be understood that various definitions of certain words and phrases are provided in this patent document, and those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that these definitions apply in many, if not most, instances to prior and future uses of these defined words and phrases. Although some terms can include a variety of embodiments, the appended claims can expressly limit these terms to specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 Illustrations of an exemplary product system that facilitates machining a workpiece using a lathe, and in particular, determining a cutting pattern of the lathe, are shown.

[0036] Figures 2 to 4 Shows the use of Figure 1 A series of exemplary cutting patterns determined by the product system are shown.

[0037] Figure 5 A flow chart is shown of an exemplary method that facilitates machining a workpiece using a lathe in a production system, and in particular, determining a cutting pattern of the lathe.

[0038] Figure 6 A block diagram of a data processing system is shown in which embodiments can be implemented. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] Various techniques related to systems and methods for machining workpieces using a lathe in a product system, particularly for determining the cutting style of a lathe, will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals always represent the same elements. The drawings discussed below and the various embodiments used to describe the principles of the present disclosure in this patent document are intended to be illustrative only and should not be interpreted in any way as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the principles of the present disclosure can be implemented in any appropriately arranged device. It should be understood that the functions described as being performed by certain system elements can be performed by multiple elements. Similarly, for example, an element can be configured to perform the functions described as being performed by multiple elements. Many innovative teachings of this patent document will be described with reference to exemplary non-limiting embodiments.

[0040] refer to Figure 1 , an exemplary product system 100 is shown, which facilitates machining a workpiece 5 using a lathe 2, and specifically determines a cutting style 1 of the lathe 2. The product system 100 can include a tool 3 having a tool 4, which can act on a workpiece 5 that can rotate as shown by the corresponding arrow. The workpiece 5 can have, for example, a cylindrical starting profile 7, and can also have a target profile 8 including cavities or grooves. In order to achieve the target profile 8, the tool 4 cuts the workpiece 5 according to the cutting style 1, which can include multiple layers. Thus, material of the workpiece 5 can be cut and thus removed from the workpiece 5 stepwise and / or sequentially.

[0041] In order to facilitate the processing of the workpiece 5 and determine the cutting style 1, the starting contour 7 and the target contour 8 are provided to the control device 6 or the production system 100. This can be done by a user using, for example, a graphical user interface (GUI), an input device, a display, etc. Alternatively or additionally, the starting contour 7 and / or the target contour 8 can be provided by transferring corresponding data from a design software (e.g., CAD, product lifecycle management software (PLM software) or other suitable software) to the control device 6 or the present product system 100. Based on the provided starting contour 7 and target contour 8, the cutting style 1 can be determined as described below. Typically, the cutting style 1 can include n layers, that is, several layers that are cut sequentially from the workpiece 5. Each layer can include multiple paths that can connect different layers to the cutting style. As an example, the cutting style 1 can constitute continuous cutting.

[0042] It should be understood that machining a workpiece 5 using a lathe 2, and in particular determining a cutting style 1 for the lathe 2, may be difficult and time-consuming. For example, it may require advanced coding knowledge of the user, or require conscious selection of many options, both of which involve many manual steps, which is a long and inefficient process.

[0043] An example of a product system 100 that can be adapted to include features for machining a workpiece 5 using a lathe 2, particularly features for determining a cutting style 1 of the lathe 2, is described herein, and can include software NX from Siemens Industry Software Inc. (formerly known as Siemens Product Lifecycle Management Inc.), Plano, Texas, USA, particularly NX / CAM for turning. The software solution provides CAD / CAM / CAE tools for design (parametric and direct solid / surface modeling), engineering analysis (static, dynamic, electromagnetic, thermal, using finite element methods, and fluid, using finite volume methods), and manufacturing of finished designs using included machining modules. However, it should be understood that the systems and methods described herein can be used in other product systems (e.g., PLM, PDM, ALM systems) and / or any other type of system that generates product data and stores it in a database.

[0044] According to an embodiment, the control device 6 is arranged and configured to control the lathe 2 so as to cut the workpiece 5 according to the determined cutting pattern 1. Thus, the determined cutting pattern 1 can be used to operate the lathe 2 accordingly.

[0045] Reference now Figures 2 to 4 , showing the use of Figure 1 A series of exemplary cutting patterns 1 determined by the production system 100 are shown.

[0046] Figure 2 A first exemplary cutting style 1 is shown. According to this example, the cutting style 1 can include a circular feed path, which starts at point S_n, is tangent to the target contour 8 with a radius rS_n and ends at point IS_n. The cutting style 1 can also include an intermediate path, which is linear and / or parallel to the target contour 8 starting at point IS_n and ending at point IE_n. In addition, the cutting style 1 can include a circular exit path, which starts at point IE_n and is tangent to the target contour 8 and ends at point E_n with a radius rE_n. As an example, in particular if the groove to be machined and the starting contour 7 are symmetrical along the axis of rotation of the workpiece 5, the circular feed path and the circular exit path can be symmetrical and the radii rS_N and rE_N can be equal.

[0047] In particular, for the first layer of grooves that are symmetrical along the rotation axis of the workpiece 5, such a circular feed path and circular exit path can ensure that the load of the tool 3 is gradually increased, which helps to reduce tool wear.

[0048] The cutting pattern 1 can also include a feed path that is linear and / or parallel to the target contour 8, starting at point E_n-1 and ending at point S_n, connecting layer n-1 to layer n of the cutting pattern 1. This feed path can be used in particular for layers after the first layer of grooves that are symmetrical along the axis of rotation of the workpiece 5 and that help reduce tool wear by gradually increasing the load on the tool 3.

[0049] Furthermore, the cutting style 1 can include a smooth path, which is linear and / or parallel to the target contour 8, starting from point E_n, including point S_n-1, and ending at point E_n. This smooth path can be used in particular for layers after the first layer, for example, grooves that are symmetrical along the axis of rotation of the workpiece 5. The smooth path can result in smooth and uniform side walls of the cavity or groove to be machined, and unevenness and "humps" are avoided.

[0050] It should be understood that in the nth layer embodiment, the circular feed path can end at point IS_n and be tangent to the intermediate path starting at point IS_n, wherein the circular exit path can start at point IE_n and be tangent to the intermediate path ending at point IE_n.

[0051] In this embodiment, the circular feed path and the circular exit path can follow the concept of "double tangency". This means that the circular feed path can be tangent to the first side wall of the chamber or groove to be processed at its starting point S_n, and tangent to the subsequent intermediate path, in particular to the floor of the chamber or groove, at its end point IS_n. Similarly, the circular exit path can be tangent to the previous intermediate path, in particular to the floor of the chamber or groove, at its starting point IE_n, and tangent to the second side wall of the chamber or groove at its end point E_n.

[0052] According to another embodiment, the radius of the circular feed and exit paths rS_i and rE_i of the initial layer can be greater than the radius of the circular feed and exit paths rS_f and rE_f of the final layer of cutting pattern 1 .

[0053] This embodiment of a circular feed path and a circular exit path for different layers n of the cutting pattern 1 can further reduce tool wear by gradually increasing the load of the tool 3 layer by layer. Thus, for the initial layers, less tool wear is caused, while for example for the final layers at the bottom of the cavity or groove, only very little residual material remains in the corner 11.

[0054] According to another embodiment, the radius rS_n and the end point IE_n of the corresponding circular feed path and the radius rE_n and the start point IS_n of the corresponding circular exit path can be determined so as to comply with a given maximum cutting depth 9 .

[0055] The given maximum cutting depth 9 can depend on the material of the workpiece 5, for example, the hardness of the material. In addition, the given maximum cutting depth 9 can depend on one of the material and geometry of the tool 4, the rotation speed of the workpiece 5, the feed speed of the tool 4 relative to the workpiece 5, or any combination thereof. In some typical applications, if the material of the workpiece 5 is harder, the maximum cutting depth 9 can be one third of the tool diameter or less.

[0056] The mentioned geometries, for example the mentioned radii rS_n, rE_n and the different starting and end points IE_n, IS_n are selected so that for each layer the cutting depth does not exceed a given maximum cutting depth 9. This means in particular that the given maximum cutting depth 9 is taken into account during the circular feed path, the intermediate path and the circular exit path of the respective layer. Taking these boundary conditions into account results in a longer life of the tool 4 by causing less tool wear.

[0057] The given maximum cutting depth 9 can be input into the control device 6 or the production system 100 by a user or a connected software system, for example. Alternatively or additionally, the given maximum cutting depth 9 can be calculated by the control device 6 or the production system 100 based on the above parameters input into the control device 6 or the production system 100.

[0058] As an example, the radius rS_n of the circular feed path and the radius rE_n of the circular exit path can each decrease from layer n to layer n+1.

[0059] Therefore, the radius of the first layer rS_l, rE_l is greater than the radius of the final layer rS_f, rE_f. In some typical applications, the radius of the first layer can be chosen to be 1.5 times the radius of the final layer. The reduction of the radius with increasing number of layers, and getting closer and closer to the floor of the chamber or groove to be machined, has several advantages. For the upper layers, tool wear can be reduced without significant disadvantages, such as increased machining time, etc. For the lowest layer, i.e. at the bottom of the chamber or groove, the smallest radius can be chosen so that the smallest amount of material remains in the corner 11 of the chamber or groove to be machined.

[0060] For example, the radii rS_n, rE_n can be continuously reduced layer by layer, that is, rS_n>rS_n+1 and rE_n>rE_n+1.

[0061] In another exemplary embodiment, the radius rS_f of the circular feed path and the radius rE_f of the circular exit path of the final layer can be determined such that a maximum amount of material of the workpiece 5 is removed and such that given limits of the change of direction of the cutter 4 and the tool 3 are taken into account.

[0062] In order to remove as much material as the workpiece 5 in the corners 11 of the cavity or groove, it is desirable to have very small radii rS_f, rE_f in the final layer. However, boundary conditions including the limits of the change of direction of the tool 3 need to be observed. Changing the direction of the tool 3 involves forces acting on the tool, which may appear suddenly and may be large in magnitude, especially if very small radii or more generally sudden changes of direction characterize the movement of the tool 3. Therefore, there can be a maximum force that can be applied to the tool 3, and this maximum force corresponds to a minimum radius that can be used only for the movement of the tool 3, wherein the selected radius must not be lower than this minimum radius. Therefore, for the last layer, a radius is selected for the movement of the tool 3 that is both as small as possible in order to remove as much material as possible in the corners 11 of the cavity or groove, and conforms to the minimum radius determined for the movement of the tool 3.

[0063] For example, given limits for the change of direction of the tool 3 can be input by a user to the control device 6, the lathe 2 or the production system 100. Alternatively or additionally, the required information can be calculated if it is provided to the control device 6, the lathe 2 or the production system 100.

[0064] For example, for a given p-th layer when p<i, for a starting contour 7 and / or a target contour 8 that does not require a circular feed path, a linear feed path is determined, which starts at point S_p and ends at point IS_p and is linear and / or parallel to the target contour 8. Alternatively or additionally, for a given p-th layer, for a starting contour 7 and / or a target contour 8 that does not require a circular exit path, a linear exit path is determined, which starts at point IE_p and ends at point E_p and is linear and / or parallel to the target contour 8. For example, the linear feed path is parallel to the target contour 8 at the floor of the cavity or groove to be machined.

[0065] Figure 3 A second exemplary cutting style 1 is shown, which can correspond to the above-mentioned example of a linear feed path for a given p-th layer. According to this example, the starting contour 7 and the target contour 8 are asymmetric along the axis of rotation of the workpiece 5. In particular for such starting contours 7 and target contours 8, at least for the uppermost layers of the cutting style 1, no circular feed path or circular exit path (depending on the tool path of the corresponding layer) is required. For these cases, a linear feed path is determined again based on the tool path of the corresponding layer, which linear feed path starts at point S_p and ends at point I_p, linearly and / or parallel to the target contour 8, or a linear exit path is determined, which linear exit path starts at point IE_p and ends at point E_p, linearly and / or parallel to the target contour 8.

[0066] More specifically, cutting style 1 is from Figure 3Starting from the right - hand side of, it has a linear feed path at point S_p and then continues to the left two - point IS_p, where it continues linearly through an intermediate path. At the left corner, cutting pattern 1 continues with a regular circular exit path from point IEp to point E_p, then uses a regular linear feed path from point E_p to point S_p+1, followed by a regular circular feed path from point S_p+1 to point IS_p+1. After the subsequent intermediate path from point IS_p+1 to IE_p+1, an adapted circular exit path from point IE_p+1 to point E_p+1 with an adapted radius rE_p+1 is applied, enabling a smooth transition from Figure 3 the adapted cutting pattern to Figure 2 the regular cutting pattern.

[0067] If the highest point of a given layer according to the Figure 2 regular cutting pattern will be higher than the wall of the target profile 8, then this suitable cutting pattern according to Figure 3 is usually applied. Generally, as long as the highest point of the given layer remains higher than the wall of the target profile, the adapted cutting pattern can be applied layer - by - layer to this situation, so p < i (and in Figure 3 : p + l < i). Once this condition is no longer met, that is, the highest point of the given layer according to the regular cutting pattern is lower than the wall of the target profile 8, a transition to the regular cutting pattern is made such that the linear feed path is no longer applied.

[0068] According to another example, the n - th layer also includes an overlapping path after the smooth path of the n - th layer. For the overlapping path, the movement along the smooth path starts at point S_n - 1 and continues linearly and / or parallel to the target profile 8 for a distance d_o until point To_n and ends at point S_n - 1. For example, the overlapping path is parallel to the target profile 8 at the wall of the chamber or groove to be machined.

[0069] Figure 4 Shows a third exemplary cutting pattern 1, which can correspond to the above example of the overlapping path of a given n - th layer. According to this example, the smooth path (labeled "A") of the n - th layer starting from point E_n and going to point S_n - 1 is interrupted by the continuous movement of the tool along an overlapping path (labeled "B") starting from point S_n - 1 until point To_n and where it turns and returns to point S_n - 1. After completing the overlapping path, the regular smooth path continues at point S_n - 1 and finally ends at point E_n.

[0070] Such overlapping paths are particularly advantageous for smooth walls of cavities or grooves to be machined. During conventional machining, chips are removed from the workpiece 5 by the tool 4. These chips may impact and reconnect to the workpiece 5 at various locations, including the walls of the cavity or groove. By applying the tool 4 along overlapping paths, such reconnected chips are removed, resulting in smooth and smooth walls of the cavity or groove.

[0071] Overlapping paths can be applied to layers below the topmost layer, i.e. regular cutting patterns for n>2, and can also be applied to layers below the topmost layer. Figure 3 The higher walls of the adapted cutting style are explained in the context of.

[0072] In particular, the above examples apply equally to the control device 6 , the lathe 2 , and the corresponding computer-readable medium 10 , respectively, as explained in this patent document.

[0073] According to another approach, the tool path pattern used for roughing cannot maintain uniform tangential forces, material removal rate and chip load. However, in order to perform a proper roughing cut, it is very important to gradually load the tool 3 while it feeds into the material, then continue cutting at the desired cutting depth, and finally gradually unload the tool 3 again. Therefore, sudden changes in the direction of the cutting movement of the tool must be avoided, especially when approaching the wall of the feature to be cut.

[0074] The described computer-implemented method for facilitating machining of a workpiece using a lathe, and specifically for facilitating determining a cutting pattern for a lathe, can help meet these specifications by using an optimized cutting pattern. This optimized cutting pattern can produce a roughing cut with smooth feed and output motions, and also ensures a continuous roughing pattern, wherein each roughing cut to be made is connected to its previous roughing cut. This ensures that the tool wears less and the resulting surface quality is improved, without scallops being left on the component. In addition, it has a positive thermal effect, since the tool does not lose contact with the workpiece surface.

[0075] In other methods, the amount of remaining material in the corners 11 of the notch tends to increase due to the smooth cutting movement at the beginning and end of the roughing cut. However, due to the proposed optimized cutting pattern, the circular feed and output movement is optimized so as to remove as much material as possible in the corners 11 already along the last roughing cut in the pattern. The optimization of the circular feed and output movement is particularly achieved due to the reduction of the radii rS_i and rE_i from the initial layer to the final layer rS_f and rE_f. As an example, the radii of the final layers rS_f and rE_f are the smallest in the determined cutting pattern 1.

[0076] As an example, the described computer-implemented method comprises three main computational steps, explained below: computation of smoothing rough cuts; optimization of smoothing radii and generation of continuous rough cuts.

[0077] Regarding the calculation of smooth roughing, the above-mentioned bi-tangent concept means that bi-tangent roughing ensures smooth cutting by guiding the tool 3 into the material along a circular feed. This circular cutting motion is tangent to the part or workpiece 5 target contour 8 as the first important condition in the bi-tangent concept, and its radius is determined by the given smoothing radius.

[0078] Secondly, it introduces tangentially a completely linear rough cut to be machined on the other side of the area to be machined. This feature suggests the use of the term "double cut" in this context. Obviously, the cutting forces affecting the tool 3 only increase gradually in this way, which helps to reduce tool wear. Vice versa, these conditions are met at the end of the rough cut on the opposite side of the feature to be machined, i.e. the tangential transition to a circular outfeed motion, which is also tangential to the target contour 8 of the part or workpiece 5 there.

[0079] This method is applicable both when the cutting pattern consists of linear roughing cuts from one side of the pocket to the other and when the roughing cuts follow a non-linear portion or target contour of the workpiece 5 .

[0080] As regards the optimization of the smoothing radii, in a second processing step, the method provides for the optimization of the smoothing radii in order to minimize the remaining material in the corner 11. This ensures that as much material has been removed by the last conventional roughing cut without generating a transverse feed movement that exceeds a given direction change limit (minimum radius). The smoothing radii rS_n and rE_n are reduced continuously in the sequence of roughing cuts (i.e. from layer to layer) in such a way that there is a maximum permissible cutting depth at the beginning and end of the roughing cut. At the same time, our method ensures that the smoothing radii rS_n and rE_n are calculated to be as large as possible for the optimal cutting conditions during the feed and withdrawal of the tool. In this case, the system has already adjusted the initial radius accordingly, if this is necessary for the first roughing cut in the pattern.

[0081] With regard to the generation of continuous rough cuts, in the third processing step, our method ensures that the cutting movements are generated in a continuous zigzag pattern. In layer n-1, having encountered the uppermost tangent point (the point marked as "S_n-1"), tool 3 starts its circular infeed movement and continues with linear rough cuts to the left. When returning to the right again on the next lower cutting level n, it encounters point "E_n", continues along the contour until point "S_n-1", changes direction and moves back to "E_n" in the opposite direction. From here, it continues cutting towards point "S_n+1", then starts the next circular infeed towards the left, and so on. Thus, a continuous sequence of smooth and directly connected rough cuts can be obtained. The two cutting sides of tool 3 are also adopted in this way, further reducing tool wear.

[0082] In summary, the described computer-implemented method has the advantage that it requires less programming time and has higher efficiency than other methods for the NC programming department. Compared with other methods, the proposed computer-implemented method leads to faster machining, less tool wear, reduced machining costs, increased tool accessibility, less material residue in the corner 11, and less finishing required. In particular, the continuous cutting and smoothing functions allow shorter tool paths, which leads to reduced cycle times, positive thermal effects unique to the continuous cutting style, for example, because heat conduction is increased by increased tool-to-workpiece contact. In addition, automatic smoothing radius reduction and automatic tool path generation requiring only a few input parameters are achieved. In addition, it should be understood that the proposed computer-implemented method provides advanced functions for lathe NC programming and therefore constitutes an attractive product in the turbomachinery processing market segment. The discussed method contributes to a combination of advanced solutions that provide clear distinctions between competitors in lathe NC programming. Moreover, synergistic effects are obtained from the disclosures of other market segments, for example, special new turning applications in the machinery or manufacture of large bearings.

[0083] Figure 5 A flow chart is shown of an exemplary method 500 for facilitating machining a workpiece 5 using a lathe 2 in a production system 100, and in particular determining a cutting style 1 of the lathe 2. The method can begin at 502, and the method can include a number of actions performed, for example, by controlling the operation of the device 6 or the lathe 2.

[0084] These actions can include an action 504 of determining a path of an nth layer of cutting pattern 6. Here, the nth layer can include:

[0085] For n≥2: a feed path, which is linear and / or parallel to the target contour 8, which starts at point E_n-1 and ends at point S_n;

[0086] a circular feed path which starts tangentially to the target contour 8 at a point S_n with a radius rS_n and ends at a point IS_n;

[0087] an intermediate path, which is linear and / or parallel to the target contour 8, the intermediate path starting from point IS_n and ending at point IE_n;

[0088] a circular exit path starting at point IE_n and ending tangentially to the target contour 8 at point E_n with radius rE_n;

[0089] For n≥2: a smooth path, which is linear and / or parallel to the target contour 8 , starting from point E_n, including point S_n-1, and ending at point E_n.

[0090] At 506, the method ends.

[0091] It should be understood that the method 500 can include other actions and features previously discussed with respect to the processing system 100 or the computer-implemented method. As an example, the method can include the actions of providing a starting profile 7 and a target profile 8 of the workpiece 5, which is obtained by cutting the workpiece 5 according to the cutting pattern 1. In another example, the method can include the actions of operating the lathe 2 by the control device 6 so that the workpiece 5 is cut according to the determined cutting pattern 1. In addition, the method can include the actions of receiving user input of the above-mentioned input parameters, displaying parameters of the cutting pattern, communicating with software solutions such as CAD, PLM, etc.

[0092] In particular, the above examples apply equally to the control device 6 , the lathe 2 , and the corresponding computer-readable medium 10 , respectively, as explained in this patent document.

[0093] It is important to note that although the present disclosure includes descriptions in the context of a fully functional system and / or series of actions, those skilled in the art will understand that at least portions of the mechanisms of the present disclosure and / or the described actions can be distributed in the form of computer-executable instructions contained in any of a variety of forms of non-transitory machine-usable, computer-usable, or computer-readable media, and that the present disclosure applies equally regardless of the specific type of instructions or data-bearing or storage media used to actually perform the distribution. Examples of non-transitory machine-usable / readable or computer-usable / readable media include: ROM, EPROM, tape, floppy disk, hard drive, SSD, flash memory, CD, DVD, and Blu-ray disc. Computer-executable instructions can include routines, subroutines, programs, applications, modules, libraries, execution threads, etc. In addition, the results of the actions of these methods can be stored in a computer-readable medium, displayed on a display device, etc.

[0094] As previously mentioned, the actions associated with these methods (except any described manual actions, such as actions manually selected by an input device) can be performed by one or more processors. As previously mentioned, the actions associated with these methods (except any described manual actions, such as actions manually selected by an input device) can be performed by one or more processors. In an exemplary embodiment, such software components can include computer executable instructions corresponding to routines, subroutines, programs, applications, modules, libraries, execution threads, etc. In addition, it should be understood that software components can be written and / or generated by software environments / languages / frameworks such as Java, JavaScript, Python, C#, C++, or any other software tools that can generate components and graphical user interfaces configured to perform the actions and features described herein.

[0095] Figure 6 A block diagram of a data processing system 1000 (also referred to as a computer system) is shown, wherein embodiments can be implemented as, for example, a part of a production system and / or other system operatively configured by software or otherwise to perform processes as described herein. The described data processing system includes at least one processor 1002 (e.g., a CPU) that can be connected to one or more bridges / controllers / buses 1004 (e.g., a north bridge, a south bridge). For example, one of the buses 1004 can include one or more I / O buses, such as a PCI Express bus. In the depicted example, the memory connected to the various buses can include a main memory 1006 (RAM) and a graphics controller 1008. The graphics controller 1008 can be connected to one or more display devices 1010. It should also be noted that in some embodiments, one or more controllers (e.g., graphics, south bridge) can be integrated with the CPU (on the same chip or die). Examples of CPU architectures include IA-32, x86-64, and ARM processor architectures.

[0096] Other peripheral devices connected to one or more buses can include a communication controller 1012 (Ethernet controller, WiFi controller, cellular controller) that operates to connect to a local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), cellular network and / or other wired or wireless network 1014 or communication device.

[0097] Other components connected to various buses can include one or more input / output (I / O) controllers 1016, such as USB controllers, Bluetooth controllers, and / or dedicated audio controllers (connected to speakers and / or microphones). It should also be understood that various peripheral devices can be connected to the I / O controller (via various ports and connections), including input devices 1018 (e.g., keyboards, mice, indicators, touch screens, touch pads, drawing boards, trackballs, buttons, keypads, game controllers, game handles, cameras, microphones, scanners, motion sensing devices that capture motion gestures), output devices 1020 (e.g., printers, speakers) or any other type of device that can be operated to provide input to the data processing system or receive output from the data processing system. Moreover, it should be understood that many devices referred to as input devices or output devices can provide input and receive output that communicate with the data processing system. For example, the processor 1002 can be integrated into a housing (such as a tablet) that includes a touch screen used as an input and display device. In addition, it should be understood that some input devices (such as laptop computers) can include multiple different types of input devices (e.g., touch screens, touch pads, keyboards). Moreover, it should be appreciated that other peripheral hardware 1022 connected to I / O controller 1016 can include any type of device, machine, or component configured to communicate with the data processing system.

[0098] Additional components connected to various buses can include one or more storage controllers 1024 (e.g., SATA). The storage controller can be connected to storage devices 1026, such as one or more storage drives and / or any associated removable media, which can be any suitable non-temporary machine-usable or machine-readable storage media. Examples include non-volatile devices, read-only devices, writable devices, ROMs, EPROMs, tape memories, floppy disk drives, hard drives, solid-state drives (SSDs), flash memory, optical disk drives (CDs, DVDs, Blu-rays), and other known optical, electrical, or magnetic storage device drivers and / or computer media. Moreover, in some instances, storage devices such as SSDs can be directly connected to an I / O bus 1004 such as a PCI Express bus.

[0099] The data processing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can include an operating system 1028, software / firmware 1030, and a data repository 1032 (which can be stored on a storage device 1026 and / or memory 1006). Such an operating system can use a command line interface (CLI) shell and / or a graphical user interface (GUI) shell. The GUI shell allows multiple display windows to be presented in a graphical user interface at the same time, and each display window provides an interface to different applications or to different instances of the same application. The user can manipulate the cursor or pointer in the graphical user interface by a fixed-point device such as a mouse or a touch screen. The position of the cursor / pointer can change and / or can generate an event such as clicking a mouse button or a touch screen to start the desired response. The instance of the operating system that can be used in the data processing system can include Microsoft Windows, Linux, UNIX, iOS, and Android operating systems. In addition, the instance of data storage includes a data file, a data table, a relational database (e.g., Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server), a database server, or any other structure and / or device that can store data that can be retrieved by a processor.

[0100] Communication controller 1012 can be connected to network 1014 (not part of data processing system 1000), which can be any public or private data processing system network or combination of networks, including the Internet, as known to those skilled in the art. Data processing system 1000 can communicate with one or more other data processing systems (such as server 1034 (also not part of data processing system 1000)) via network 1014. However, alternative data processing systems can correspond to multiple data processing systems implemented as part of a distributed system, wherein processors associated with multiple data processing systems can communicate via one or more network connections and can collectively perform tasks described as being performed by a single data processing system. Therefore, it should be understood that when referring to a data processing system, such a system can be implemented across multiple data processing systems in a distributed system that communicate with each other via a network.

[0101] Additionally, the term "controller" refers to any device, system, or portion thereof that controls at least one operation, whether such a device is implemented in hardware, firmware, software, or some combination of at least two of hardware, firmware, and software. It should be noted that the functionality associated with any particular controller can be centralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely.

[0102] In addition, it should be understood that the data processing system can be implemented as a virtual machine architecture or a virtual machine in a cloud environment. For example, processor 1002 and associated components can correspond to a virtual machine executed in a virtual machine environment of one or more servers. Examples of virtual machine architectures include VMware ESCI, Microsoft Hyper-V, Xen, and KVM.

[0103] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the hardware described for the data processing system can vary for a particular implementation. For example, the data processing system 1000 in this example can correspond to the control device 6 described above, a computer, a workstation, a server, a PC, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a mobile phone, and / or any other type of device / system operable to process data and perform the functions and features described herein associated with the operation of the data processing systems, computers, processors, and / or controllers discussed herein. The depicted examples are provided for purposes of explanation only and are not meant to imply architectural limitations with respect to the present disclosure.

[0104] In addition, it should be noted that the processor described herein can be located in a server remote from the display and input devices described herein. In such an instance, the display device and input device described can be included in a client device that communicates with a server (and / or a virtual machine executed on a server) via a wired or wireless network (which can include the Internet). In some embodiments, such a client device, for example, can execute a remote desktop application, or can correspond to a portal device that performs a remote desktop protocol with a server so as to send input from an input device to a server and receive visual information from the server to be displayed through a display device. Examples of such remote desktop protocols include Teranci's PCoIP, Microsoft's RDP, and RFB protocols. In such an instance, the processor described herein can correspond to a virtual processor of a virtual machine executed in a physical processor of a server.

[0105] As used herein, the terms "component" and "system" are intended to include hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Thus, for example, a system or component can be a process, a process executed on a processor, or a processor. In addition, a component or system can be located on a single device or distributed across multiple devices.

[0106] In addition, as used herein, a processor corresponds to any electronic device configured to process data via hardware circuits, software, and / or firmware. For example, the processor described herein can correspond to one or more (or a combination) of a microprocessor, a CPU, an FPGA, an ASIC, or any other integrated circuit (IC) or other type of circuit capable of processing data in a data processing system, which can have the form of a controller board, a computer, a server, a mobile phone, and / or any other type of electronic device.

[0107] Those skilled in the art will recognize that, for simplicity and clarity, the entire structure and operation of all data processing systems suitable for use with the present disclosure are not depicted or described herein. Instead, only data processing systems that are unique to the present disclosure or necessary for understanding the present disclosure are depicted and described. The remaining structure and operation of data processing system 1000 can conform to any of a variety of current implementations and practices known in the art.

[0108] In addition, it should be understood that, unless explicitly limited in some instances, the words or phrases used herein should be interpreted broadly. For example, the terms "include" and "comprise" and their derivatives mean to include without limitation. The singular forms "one", "an" and "the" are intended to also include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In addition, the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items. The term "or" is inclusive, meaning and / or, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The phrases "associated with..." and "associated with it" and their derivatives can mean to include, be included therein, be interconnected therewith, include, be contained therein, be connected to or connected therewith, be coupled to or coupled therewith, be able to communicate therewith, collaborate therewith, be interlaced, be juxtaposed, be close to, be bound to or bound therewith, have its attributes, etc.

[0109] In addition, although the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. can be used to describe various elements, functions or actions, these elements, functions or actions should not be limited by these terms. On the contrary, these digital adjectives are used to distinguish different elements, functions or actions from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, the first element, function or action can be referred to as the second element, function or action, and similarly, the second element, function or action can be referred to as the first element, function or action.

[0110] Additionally, phrases such as "the processor is configured to perform one or more functions or processes" can mean that the processor is operatively configured or operatively configured to perform a function or process via software, firmware, and / or wired circuitry. For example, a processor configured to perform a function / process can correspond to a processor that is executing software / firmware that is programmed to cause the processor to perform the function / process, and / or can correspond to a processor that has software / firmware in a memory or storage device that is available for execution by the processor to perform the function / process. It should also be noted that a processor "configured to" perform one or more functions or processes can also correspond to a processor circuit (e.g., an ASIC or FPGA design) that is specially manufactured or "wired" to perform the function or process. Additionally, the phrase "at least one" preceding an element (e.g., a processor) that is configured to perform more than one function can correspond to one or more elements (e.g., processors) that each perform these functions, and can also correspond to two or more elements (e.g., processors) that each perform different functions of one or more different functions.

[0111] In addition, the term "adjacent" can mean that: one element is relatively close to but not in contact with another element; or the element is in contact with the other element, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0112] Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail, those skilled in the art will understand that they can make various changes, substitutions, alterations, and modifications herein without departing from the subject and scope of the present disclosure in its broadest form.

[0113] The description in this patent document should not be read as implying that any particular element, step, act, or function is essential to be included in the scope of the claims: the scope of the patented subject matter is limited only by the allowed claims. Furthermore, none of the claims are intended to invoke 35 USC § 112(f) unless the exact words "means for..." are followed by a participle.

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method for determining a cutting pattern (1) of a lathe (2), the lathe being digitally controlled by a control device (6) and comprising a tool (3) having a tool (4) acting on a workpiece (5), the workpiece (5) having a starting contour (7) and a target contour (8) to be achieved by cutting the workpiece (5) according to the cutting pattern (1), The method comprises: Determine the path of the nth layer of the cutting pattern (6), the nth layer comprising: For n≥2: a feed path, the feed path being linear and / or parallel to the target contour (8), the feed path starting at point E_n-1 and ending at point S_n; a circular feed path, which starts tangentially to the target contour (8) at a point S_n with a radius rS_n and ends at a point IS_n; an intermediate path, the intermediate path being linear and / or parallel to the target contour (8), the intermediate path starting at point IS_n and ending at point IE_n; a circular exit path starting at point IE_n and ending tangentially to the target contour (8) at point E_n having a radius rE_n; ​​and For n≥2: a smooth path, the smooth path is linear and / or parallel to the target contour (8), the smooth path starts at point E_n, includes point S_n-1, and ends at point E_n.

2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, in, For the nth layer: The circular feed path ends at point IS_n and is tangent to the intermediate path starting at point IS_n; and The circular exit path starts at point IE_n and is tangent to the intermediate path ending at point IE_n.

3. A computer-implemented method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The radii of the circular feed path rS_i and the circular exit path rE_i of the initial layer are greater than the radii of the circular feed path rS_f and the circular exit path rE_f of the final layer of the cutting pattern (1).

4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 or 2, wherein: The radius rS_n and the end point IE_n of the corresponding circular feed path are determined, as well as the radius rE_n and the start point IS_n of the corresponding circular exit path are determined so as to comply with a given maximum cutting depth (9).

5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 or 2, wherein: The radius rS_n of the circular feed path and the radius rE_n of the circular exit path respectively decrease from level n to level n+1.

6. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein: The radius rS_f of the circular feed path and the radius rE_f of the circular exit path of the final layer are determined so that a maximum amount of material of the workpiece (5) is removed and so that given limits of variation of the direction of the tool (3) with the tool (4) are followed.

7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 or 2, wherein: For a given p-th layer when p<i, for a starting contour (7) and / or a target contour (8) that does not require a circular feed path, a linear feed path starting from point S_p and ending at point IS_p and / or parallel to the target contour (8) is determined, or, for a given p-th layer when p<i, for a starting contour (7) and / or a target contour (8) that does not require a circular exit path, a linear exit path starting from point IE_p and ending at point E_p and / or parallel to the target contour (8) is determined.

8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 or 2, wherein: The nth layer further comprises: an overlapping path following said smoothed path at said nth layer, Therein, for the overlapping path, the movement along the smooth path starts at point S_n-1 and continues linearly and / or parallel to the target contour (8) over a distance d_o to point To_n and ends at point S_n-1.

9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 or 2, wherein: The control device (6) controls the lathe (2) so that the workpiece (5) is cut according to the determined cutting pattern (1).

10. A control device (6) for digitally controlling a lathe (2), the lathe comprising a tool (3) having a cutter (4) acting on a workpiece (5), the workpiece (5) having a starting contour (7) and a target contour (8), the target contour being achieved by cutting the workpiece (5) according to a cutting pattern (1), wherein: The control device (6) is arranged and configured to determine a cutting pattern (1) of the lathe (2) by performing the following steps: Determine the path of the nth layer of the cutting pattern (6), the nth layer comprising: For n≥2: a feed path, the feed path being linear and / or parallel to the target contour (8), the feed path starting at point E_n-1 and ending at point S_n; a circular feed path, which starts tangentially to the target contour (8) at a point S_n with a radius rS_n and ends at a point IS_n; an intermediate path, the intermediate path being linear and / or parallel to the target contour (8), the intermediate path starting at point IS_n and ending at point IE_n; a circular exit path starting at point IE_n and ending tangentially to the target contour (8) at point E_n having a radius rE_n; ​​and For n≥2: a smooth path, the smooth path is linear and / or parallel to the target contour (8), the smooth path starts at point E_n, includes point S_n-1, and ends at point E_n.

11. The control device (6) according to claim 10, wherein: The control device (6) is arranged and configured to control the lathe (2) so that the workpiece (5) is cut according to the determined cutting pattern (1).

12. A lathe (2) comprising a tool (3) having a tool (4) acting on a workpiece (5) and a control device (6) according to claim 10 or 11 for digitally controlling the lathe (2).

13. A computer-readable medium (10) encoded with executable instructions, which, when executed, causes the control device (6) according to claim 10 or 11 or the lathe (2) according to claim 10 to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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