A three-way loading test bench and test method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a three-way loadable test bench and a test method, wherein the three-way loadable test bench includes a fixing frame for clamping a test piece and a three-way displacement mechanism for connecting the test piece; the three-way displacement mechanism includes platform one, platform two and platform three stacked from bottom to top and platform four vertically connected to platform three, and linear sliding mechanisms for linear sliding in the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions are respectively provided between adjacent platforms, and are respectively provided with power sources to drive linear displacement. The present invention integrates the force-applying devices with three independent direction controls into one by arranging multiple layers of displacement mechanisms that move vertically to each other, and can perform unidirectional, bidirectional and three-way displacement fatigue detection, truly simulating the stress conditions of the test piece. In addition, the present invention can detect multiple test pieces at the same time, reducing the test cycle, shortening the test time, and avoiding the problem that the existing three-way detection mechanism has a complex structure and cannot detect multiple test pieces at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of working condition simulation test devices, and more particularly to a three-way loading test bench and a test method. Background Art

[0002] Load-bearing parts in industrial equipment generally need to undergo fatigue testing, especially those in rail transit equipment (such as hinges), to ensure the performance of the structure and its changing patterns under repeated loads. Usually, the actual working conditions of these load-bearing parts are not simply force in one direction, but may be subjected to varying degrees of force in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions. Therefore, during the test, it is also necessary to simulate the actual working conditions of the product as much as possible.

[0003] In previous three-dimensional load tests, if a single group of loading is applied in one direction after another, it cannot truly reflect the three-dimensional fatigue bearing of the product. In the CN200820052803.1 flexible positioner three-dimensional loading fatigue test fixture, there is disclosed at least one vertical force-applying device, a transverse force-applying device, and a longitudinal force-applying device, wherein the vertical force-applying device is installed vertically above the test flexible positioner and contacts the test flexible positioner vertically; the transverse and longitudinal force-applying devices are arranged horizontally and perpendicular to each other, and the transverse force-applying device contacts the test flexible positioner in the horizontal direction; the longitudinal force-applying device contacts the test flexible positioner in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the transverse direction and applies a longitudinal test force to the test flexible positioner. The vertical force-applying device, the transverse force-applying device, and the longitudinal force-applying device work together to achieve vertical, transverse, and longitudinal fatigue testing of the test flexible positioner. In actual testing, multiple test pieces often need to be measured to ensure product quality stability. However, existing three-way load test fixtures all use three-way force-applying devices that are connected to the test fixture separately. These three-way force-applying devices are independent and can only measure a single test piece, making it impossible to test multiple test pieces, thus extending the test cycle. If multiple test pieces are tested simultaneously, multiple sets of three-way force-applying devices are required, which not only requires a huge investment in equipment but also occupies a large area of ​​space. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a three-way loading test bench in view of the fact that the three-way force applying mechanisms of the existing three-way loading test bench act independently, have a complex structure, and cannot detect multiple test pieces at the same time.

[0005] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a test method including a three-way loadable test bench.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A three-dimensional loading test bench includes a fixing frame for clamping a test piece and a three-dimensional displacement mechanism for connecting the test piece. The three-dimensional displacement mechanism includes platform 1, platform 2 and platform 3 stacked from bottom to top and platform 4 vertically connected to platform 3; a linear sliding mechanism 1 and a linear sliding mechanism 2 for linear sliding in the X-axis and Y-axis directions are respectively provided between adjacent platforms of platform 1, platform 2 and platform 3, and a linear sliding mechanism 3 for linear sliding in the Z-axis direction is provided between platform 3 and platform 4; platform 2, platform 3 and platform 4 are respectively provided with a power source to drive linear displacement. The three-dimensional loading test bench described in the present invention applies forces in the three directions of X, Y and Z by a unified displacement mechanism, and then applies the resultant forces in the three directions of X, Y and Z to the test piece through the displacement mechanism, which can more realistically simulate the actual working conditions of the test piece.

[0008] Furthermore, a tooling plate for fixedly connecting to the test piece is provided on the platform four.

[0009] Furthermore, the tooling plate is provided with one or more mounting seats for fixing test pieces, which can be used to simultaneously fix multiple test pieces for fatigue performance testing.

[0010] Furthermore, the mounting seat and the tooling plate are detachably connected, and different types of mounting seats can be replaced for matching installation according to different types of test pieces.

[0011] Furthermore, the platform three is provided with a fixed plate perpendicular to the platform surface, and a linear sliding mechanism three is provided between the platform four and the fixed plate.

[0012] Furthermore, reinforcing ribs are provided between the fixing plate and platform three to reinforce and stabilize the position of the fixing plate, thereby effectively ensuring the overall structural strength of platform three.

[0013] Furthermore, the linear sliding mechanism 1, the linear sliding mechanism 2 and the linear sliding mechanism 3 are respectively provided with a limit device for limiting sliding, and the detection of unidirectional displacement or bidirectional displacement can be achieved by limiting and locking a certain linear sliding mechanism.

[0014] Furthermore, the first, second, and third linear slide mechanisms are linear guides, with multiple linear guides evenly spaced between adjacent platforms to ensure stable and uniform support of heavy loads in the X, Y, and Z axes. The linear guides also provide excellent guidance, ensuring that the force applied by the cylinder remains constant along the linear guides.

[0015] Furthermore, a stop mechanism is provided on the linear guide rail, and the linear guide rail can only move within a displacement range to prevent the slider from falling off the guide rail.

[0016] Furthermore, the power source includes a hydraulic cylinder, and the central axis of the power source is parallel to the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions respectively.

[0017] Furthermore, the power source is connected to the mounting interfaces on platform two, platform three and platform four respectively through spherical hinges, which can ensure that no jamming occurs during the power supply process and ensure the smooth progress of the test.

[0018] A three-axis loading test method for heavy-load fatigue testing includes the above-mentioned three-axis loading test bench, and the steps include:

[0019] S1. Select appropriate mounting brackets based on the type and quantity of test specimens and secure them to the fixture plate. Clamp the test specimens to the fixture and mounting brackets, respectively.

[0020] S2. Start the power source to make the test piece move in one direction, two directions or three directions:

[0021] One-way displacement: Determine the displacement direction along the X-axis, Y-axis or Z-axis, open the limit device on the linear sliding mechanism in the corresponding displacement direction, keep the linear sliding mechanism in other displacement directions locked, and start the power source in the displacement direction to cause the displacement mechanism to move;

[0022] Bidirectional displacement: Determine the displacement direction along two directions of the X-axis, Y-axis or Z-axis, open the limit devices on the linear sliding mechanism in the corresponding two displacement directions, keep the linear sliding mechanism in the other displacement direction locked, and start the power source in the displacement direction to cause the displacement mechanism to move;

[0023] Three-way displacement: open the limit devices on the linear sliding mechanism in the displacement directions of the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis, and start the power source in the displacement direction to cause the displacement mechanism to move.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects are:

[0025] The three-way loading test bench described in the present invention is constructed by installing multiple stages and providing linear sliding mechanisms between the stages to strictly control the linear sliding direction of each stage in the X-axis, Y-axis, or Z-axis. The power generated by the power source is transmitted to the test piece through the corresponding linear sliding mechanism of the three-way displacement mechanism, ensuring the precise force conditions of the test piece and realistically simulating the force conditions of the test piece. In addition, the present invention integrates the three-way independently controlled force application devices into an integrated three-way displacement mechanism. Multiple test pieces can be clamped on the tooling plate of a three-way displacement mechanism, and multiple test pieces can be tested simultaneously. This not only ensures that the test pieces are tested under the same conditions, avoiding interference factors at different times, but also reduces the test cycle and shortens the test time.

[0026] The three-way loading test bench described in the present invention can flexibly change the test conditions to highly match the complex stress conditions of the test piece. By limiting the linear sliding mechanism and connecting the power source, the test piece can be subjected to unidirectional, bidirectional or three-way stress testing.

[0027] The present invention can adapt to the installation of various test pieces by selectively installing various support frames that match the test piece installation interface on the tooling plate, and can perform heavy-load fatigue tests on different test pieces, significantly enhancing the applicability of the test bench and reducing test costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of the three-way loading test bench described in Example 1;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a front view of the three-way loading test bench described in Example 1;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a top view of the three-way loading test bench described in Example 1.

[0031] Among them, 1 unit one, 2 unit two, 3 unit three, 4 unit four, 5 linear guide group one, 6 linear guide group two, 7 linear guide group three, 8 hydraulic cylinder, 9 tooling plate, 10 fixed frame, 11 test piece, 12 reinforcing rib plate, 13 reinforcement plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] It should be noted that if there are directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back) in the embodiments of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly. If there are descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installed," "provided with," "connected," etc., should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" may refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it may refer to internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will be able to understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0035] The X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions mentioned in this embodiment refer to the horizontal, longitudinal, and vertical directions represented by X, Y, and Z in the common coordinate axes.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] A three-way loading test bench comprises a fixing frame 10 for clamping a test piece 11 and a three-way displacement mechanism connected to the test piece 11.

[0038] The three-way displacement mechanism includes platform 1, platform 2, and platform 3, which are stacked from bottom to top, and platform 4, which is perpendicular to platform 3. Platform 1 is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface or mounting frame. Linear guide rail group 1 5 and linear guide rail group 2 6 are respectively provided between platform 1 and platform 2, and between platform 2 and platform 3, for linear sliding along the X-axis and Y-axis directions. The upper surface of platform 3 is provided with a fixed plate that is spatially perpendicular to its own direction. Linear guide rail group 3 7 is provided between the fixed plate and platform 4, for linear sliding along the Z-axis direction. Stop mechanisms are provided at both ends of linear guide rail group 1 5, linear guide rail group 2 6, and linear guide rail group 3 7 to prevent the platforms from slipping off. The linear guide rail groups are all provided with limiting structures to fix the position of the linear guide rails. Platform 2 2, platform 3 3, and platform 4 are respectively provided with mounting interfaces in the linear sliding direction, and the mounting interfaces are respectively connected to the hydraulic cylinder 8 for linear sliding. The central axis of the hydraulic cylinder 8 is parallel to the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions respectively, and the end of the hydraulic cylinder 8 is spherically hinged to the mounting interface.

[0039] The platform 4 is provided with a tooling plate 9, on which a detachable mounting seat is provided. A fixing frame 10 is provided at the same height and horizontal line as the mounting seat, and a test piece 11 is clamped between the fixing frame 10 and the tooling plate 9.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] like Figure 1-3 A three-way loading test bench includes a fixing frame 10 for clamping a test piece 11 and a three-way displacement mechanism connecting the test piece 11.

[0042] The three-way displacement mechanism includes platform 1, platform 2, and platform 3, which are stacked from bottom to top, and platform 4, which is perpendicular to platform 3. Platform 1 is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface or mounting frame. Linear guide rail group 1 5 and linear guide rail group 2 6 are respectively provided between platform 1 and platform 2, and between platform 2 and platform 3, for linear sliding along the X-axis and Y-axis directions. The upper surface of platform 3 is provided with a fixed plate that is spatially perpendicular to its own direction. Linear guide rail group 3 7 is provided between the fixed plate and platform 4, for linear sliding along the Z-axis direction. Stop mechanisms are provided at both ends of linear guide rail group 1 5, linear guide rail group 2 6, and linear guide rail group 3 7 to prevent the platforms from slipping off. The linear guide rail groups are each provided with a limiting structure to fix the position of the linear guide rails. Platform 3 3 and platform 4 4 are respectively provided with mounting interfaces in the linear sliding direction, and the mounting interfaces are respectively connected to the hydraulic cylinder 8 for linear sliding. The central axis of the hydraulic cylinder 8 is parallel to the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions respectively, and the end of the hydraulic cylinder 8 is spherically hinged to the mounting interface.

[0043] The platform 4 is provided with a tooling plate 9, which is evenly provided with multiple detachable mounting seats. A fixing frame 10 is provided at the same height and on the same horizontal line as the mounting seats. The test piece 11 is clamped between the fixing frame 10 and the tooling plate 9. A reinforcing rib plate 12 is provided between the surface of the platform 3 and the fixing plate. There are at least two reinforcing rib plates 12 and they are evenly distributed. A reinforcing plate 13 is also provided between the reinforcing rib plates 12 and is arranged parallel to the horizontal bending portion, which can effectively ensure the overall structural strength of the platform 3 3. The X-axis hydraulic cylinder 8 can be connected to the reinforcing plate 13. Its loading power will drive the platform 2 2, platform 3 3 and platform 4 4 to slide along the platform 1 1, and transmit the X-axis power to the test piece 11.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] This embodiment is based on the three-axis loadable test bench described in Example 1. Based on the three-axis loadable test bench, the linear guide group 1 5 is arranged in the X-axis direction, the linear guide group 2 6 is arranged in the Y-axis direction, and the linear guide group 3 7 is arranged in the Z-axis direction to provide a test method for unidirectional displacement. The steps include:

[0046] S1. According to the type of test piece 11, select a suitable mounting base fixed to the tooling plate 9, and clamp the test piece 11 on the fixture 10 and the mounting base respectively;

[0047] S2. Determine that the displacement direction is along the X-axis direction, open the limit device on the linear sliding mechanism in the X-axis displacement direction, keep the linear sliding mechanism in the X-axis and Y-axis displacement directions locked, and start the hydraulic cylinder 8 in the X-axis displacement direction to displace the displacement mechanism.

[0048] Similarly, when performing unidirectional displacement in the Y-axis or Z-axis direction, the corresponding limit device is opened or closed accordingly, and the hydraulic cylinder 8 in the corresponding direction is started to test the fatigue detection of the unidirectional displacement.

[0049] Example 4

[0050] This embodiment is based on the three-axis loadable test bench described in Example 1. Based on the three-axis loadable test bench, the linear guide group 1 5 is arranged in the X-axis direction, the linear guide group 2 6 is arranged in the Y-axis direction, and the linear guide group 3 7 is arranged in the Z-axis direction to provide a test method for providing bidirectional displacement. The steps include:

[0051] S1. According to the type of test piece 11, select a suitable mounting base fixed to the tooling plate 9, and clamp the test piece 11 on the fixture 10 and the mounting base respectively;

[0052] S2. If the displacement direction is determined to be along the X-axis and Y-axis directions, the limit devices on the linear sliding mechanism in the X-axis and Y-axis displacement directions are opened, and the linear sliding mechanism in the Z-axis displacement direction is kept locked. At the same time, the hydraulic cylinders 8 in the X-axis and Y-axis displacement directions are activated to cause the displacement mechanism to move.

[0053] Similarly, when performing bidirectional displacement in the X-axis and Z-axis, or Y-axis and Z-axis directions, the corresponding limit devices are opened or closed accordingly, and the hydraulic cylinder 8 in the corresponding direction is started to test the fatigue detection of unidirectional displacement.

[0054] Example 5

[0055] This embodiment is based on the three-axis loadable test bench described in Example 1. Based on the three-axis loadable test bench, the linear guide group 1 5 is arranged in the X-axis direction, the linear guide group 2 6 is arranged in the Y-axis direction, and the linear guide group 3 7 is arranged in the Z-axis direction to provide a test method for providing bidirectional displacement. The steps include:

[0056] S1. According to the type of test piece 11, select a suitable mounting base fixed to the tooling plate 9, and clamp the test piece 11 on the fixture 10 and the mounting base respectively;

[0057] S2. Open the limit devices on the linear sliding mechanism in the displacement directions of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis, and start the power source in the displacement direction to cause the displacement mechanism to move.

[0058] Similarly, the present invention can adopt the three-way loading test bench described in Example 2 according to the number of test pieces 11, select a suitable mounting seat to be fixed on the tooling plate 9 according to the type and number of test pieces 11, and evenly clamp multiple test pieces 11 on the fixing frame 10 and the mounting seat, and use the same steps to perform fatigue testing of unidirectional, bidirectional and three-way displacement on the test pieces 11.

[0059] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for the purpose of clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-way loading test bench, characterized in that: It includes a fixed frame for clamping the test piece and a three-dimensional displacement mechanism for connecting the test piece; the three-dimensional displacement mechanism includes a first platform, a second platform, and a third platform stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and a fourth platform perpendicularly connected to the third platform; a linear sliding mechanism 1 and a linear sliding mechanism 2 for linear sliding in the X-axis and Y-axis directions are respectively provided between adjacent platforms of the first, second, and third platforms; the third platform is provided with a fixed plate perpendicular to the platform surface; and a linear sliding mechanism 3 for linear sliding in the Z-axis direction is provided between the fourth platform and the fixed plate; The linear sliding mechanism 1, the linear sliding mechanism 2 and the linear sliding mechanism 3 are linear guide rails, and the linear sliding mechanism 1, the linear sliding mechanism 2 and the linear sliding mechanism 3 are respectively provided with a limit device for limiting sliding; The second, third and fourth platforms are respectively provided with a power source to drive linear displacement; the fourth platform is provided with a tooling plate for fixed connection with the test piece, and the tooling plate is provided with one or more mounting seats for fixing the test piece; The test steps include: S1. Select appropriate mounting brackets based on the type and quantity of test specimens and secure them to the fixture plate. Clamp the test specimens to the fixture and mounting brackets, respectively. S2. Start the power source to make the test piece move in one direction, two directions or three directions: One-way displacement: Determine the displacement direction along the X-axis, Y-axis or Z-axis, open the limit device on the linear sliding mechanism in the corresponding displacement direction, keep the linear sliding mechanism in other displacement directions locked, and start the power source in the displacement direction to cause the displacement mechanism to move; Bidirectional displacement: Determine the displacement direction along two directions of the X-axis, Y-axis or Z-axis, open the limit devices on the linear sliding mechanism in the corresponding two displacement directions, keep the linear sliding mechanism in the other displacement direction locked, and start the power source in the displacement direction to cause the displacement mechanism to move; Three-way displacement: open the limit devices on the linear sliding mechanism in the displacement directions of the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis, and start the power source in the displacement direction to cause the displacement mechanism to move.

2. The three-way loading test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting seat and the tooling plate are detachably connected.

3. The three-way loading test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple linear guide rails are provided between adjacent platforms.

4. The three-way loading test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power source includes a hydraulic cylinder, and the central axis of the power source is parallel to the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions respectively.

5. The three-way loading test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power source is connected to the second, third and fourth platforms respectively through spherical hinges.

6. The three-way loading test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: Stop mechanisms are provided at both ends of the linear guide rail.

7. The three-way loading test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: Reinforcing ribs are also provided between the fixing plate and platform three.

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