236 results about "Rain drop" patented technology

The invention discloses an image rain removal method based on dual-channel fusion. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a data set containing an original rain image and a corresponding rain-free clear image; constructing a dual-channel fusion network for image rain removal; using loss, edge loss and frequency loss to form a mixed loss function for quantifying the difference between the rain-removed image and the rain-free clear image; training the dual-channel fusion network by adopting the data set; and the trained dual-channel fusion network is adopted to test a rain image to be subjected to rain removal, and a clear image after rain removal is obtained. According to the invention, a dual-channel fusion attention enhancement module, a mixed scale gating feedforward network module and the like are introduced into the model, so that the robustness and the feature extraction capability of the model are improved, and the model can better adapt to raindrop interference in different actual scenes.

The invention discloses a wind turbine generator voiceprint self-adaptive detection method, system and device and a storage medium, and belongs to the technical field of wind power, and the method comprises the steps: collecting a voiceprint signal, raindrop diameter, environment humidity, environment temperature and atmospheric pressure of a wind turbine generator in real time through a sensor array; temperature and humidity coupling correction parameters are calculated based on the environment humidity, and real-time air density is obtained through correction according to an air density correction formula by means of the environment humidity, the environment temperature and the atmospheric pressure; constructing a rain intensity noise spectrum mapping model based on the raindrop diameter and the real-time air density in combination with a raindrop vertical fragmentation merging effect compensation algorithm; performing rain noise suppression on the voiceprint signal of the wind turbine generator by adopting a depth spectrum subtraction algorithm in combination with the rain intensity noise spectrum mapping model and the dynamic suppression factor to obtain a clean voiceprint signal; and matching the clean voiceprint signal with a preset wind turbine generator fault voiceprint feature library to complete wind turbine generator voiceprint adaptive detection.

The invention provides a vehicle management method based on visual identification. Comprising the following steps: performing visual image acquisition and basic feature identification on a vehicle in a target area, executing multi-source interference perception, acquiring raindrop volume concentration, a strong light incidence angle, vehicle tail gas heat flux density and a light intensity sudden change rate of the target area, and generating multi-factor coupling interference intensity data; executing dynamic exposure control based on the multi-factor coupling interference intensity data, outputting an exposure compensation coefficient and driving an image acquisition unit to adjust the shutter speed and the exposure duration; performing distortion correction feature extraction based on the image after exposure compensation coefficient correction, calculating image marginal definition and feature matching frequency deviation, and generating feature extraction confidence; judging whether to output a vehicle management recognition result or not according to the feature extraction confidence; the method can effectively deal with the composite interference scene, and solves the problems of low recognition precision and response lag.

A window framing system for installation in a shipping container wall aperture, including a corrugation cap to cover a lower edge of the aperture and the adjacent corrugations, and the corrugation cap configured for supporting a lower portion of a window within the window framing system. The corrugation cap is a C-shaped channel with inner and / or outer downwardly-directed portions configured for positioning adjacent inner and / or outer surfaces of the wall, respectively. The system may also include a rain drip member mounted on an upper surface of the frame to receive water on an upper surface and redirect the water outwardly away from the wall. Tabs can be used to assemble the side frame members to the header and footer frame members, allowing assembly by a single person, and the tabs may further allow securing of the frame components using holes outside the container envelope for fasteners (thus reducing the risk of leakage inside the wall cavity).

The invention provides a rainfall monitoring method and system based on unmanned aerial vehicle multi-mode noise reduction in the technical field of environment monitoring and unmanned aerial vehicle application, and the method comprises the steps: S1, collecting a visible light image and a long-wave infrared image through a multispectral vision module after an unmanned aerial vehicle takes off, and collecting a rainfall audio from an acoustic cabin through a microphone; s2, carrying out noise reduction processing on the visible light image, the long-wave infrared image and the rainfall audio; s3, extracting a raindrop size distribution histogram and a spatial density thermodynamic diagram based on the visible light image and the long-wave infrared image, and extracting acoustic MFCC features based on rainfall audio; s4, performing feature fusion operation based on the raindrop size distribution histogram, the visual density thermodynamic diagram and the acoustic MFCC features to obtain rainfall intensity; and S5, carrying out cumulant dynamic compensation based on the rainfall intensity to obtain the cumulative rainfall. The rainfall monitoring method has the advantages that the precision, robustness and practical level of rainfall monitoring are greatly improved.

The invention discloses a rainfall monitoring method and device based on millimeter wave radar, and relates to the technical field of meteorological monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: controlling a 24 / 60GHz commercial millimeter wave radar to transmit a millimeter wave signal of an adaptive parameter to a preset area; a raindrop echo signal is received, and clutters are removed through Kalman filtering and wavelet noise reduction; extracting a one-dimensional energy feature, a two-dimensional speed feature and a speed-energy two-dimensional distribution matrix; inputting a low-error model trained by a random forest algorithm, calculating a rainfall energy value and mapping the rainfall energy value into a rainfall level; data is output through a LoRa / ZIGBEE network; the device comprises a millimeter wave radar module, a signal processing module, a calculation output module and a wireless communication module. The problems of single monitoring dimension, high cost and difficult deployment in the prior art are solved, non-contact, low-cost, high-real-time and distributed rainfall monitoring is realized, the error is less than or equal to 5%, the response period is less than or equal to 100ms, and the method is suitable for traffic, municipal administration, emergency and other scenes.

The invention relates to a ground precipitation intensity estimation method based on phased array radar echoes and geographic factors, which belongs to the field of radio, and comprises the following steps of: mapping and interpolating polar coordinate multivariable radar echoes and a three-dimensional wind field to a unified three-dimensional grid to form a consistent spatio-temporal data basis; then, various rainfall type areas are automatically divided based on local density clustering, a time lag field is constructed according to rainfall types, and adaptive time alignment of radar echoes and ground station observation is achieved; a three-dimensional wind field and a raindrop terminal end velocity are introduced to calculate rainfall falling drift, the position of a grid point matched with a ground station point space is corrected, and accurate space matching of radar echoes and ground station observation is completed; a terrain uplift index is constructed by combining a stratum wind direction, a DEM (Digital Elevation Model), a gradient, a slope direction and a slope position type, and a radar nonlinear precipitation potential vector and a terrain feature are jointly modeled through a physical constraint coupling model, so that quantitative estimation of the ground precipitation intensity is realized, and the reliability and applicability of ground precipitation estimation in a complex environment are improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering disasters, and particularly relates to an intelligent rainfall simulation system and method for a slope stability experiment. The system comprises an intelligent rainfall simulation unit, a comprehensive monitoring unit, a real-time data fusion and adaptive control unit and a data analysis-visualization unit which are organically unified and matched with one another. According to the invention, intelligent control of the rainfall process can be realized, and the rainfall intensity, raindrop size and rainfall uniformity can be accurately adjusted; the system is high in integration level and high in automation degree, real-time multi-dimensional monitoring can be achieved, and high-precision and real-time analysis of experimental data and automatic risk early warning are achieved. Advanced monitoring means such as DIC full-field strain, optical fibers and acoustic emission are adopted, the experiment precision is remarkably improved, an accurate basis is provided for slope stability analysis and disaster prevention and control, and the method can be applied to the fields of engineering slope safety evaluation, education and public safety and has a good application prospect in the aspects of geological engineering, geotechnical engineering, colleges and scientific research and teaching, emergency drilling and science popularization and the like. And safety and disaster prevention awareness are improved.

The invention discloses an NRCS determination method for a Ku wave band scatterometer under a rainfall condition, and relates to the field of satellite ocean remote sensing and meteorological detection.The method comprises the steps that the action mechanism of rainfall on radar signals in the atmosphere is considered, and a sea surface radar back scattering theoretical model is constructed based on a wind-generated sea surface wave spectrum and a dual-scale Bragg scattering theory; obtaining a rainfall attenuation coefficient, a normalized radar backscattering cross section contributed by raindrop scattering and dual-polarization normalized radar backscattering cross sections of a C wave band and a Ku wave band based on a sea surface radar backscattering theoretical model; according to the rainfall attenuation coefficient, the normalized radar backscattering cross section contributed by raindrop scattering and the dual-polarization normalized radar backscattering cross sections of the C wave band and the Ku wave band, the normalized radar backscattering cross section of the Ku wave band scatterometer under the rainfall condition is obtained; according to the method, the accurate normalized radar back scattering cross section of the Ku wave band scatterometer is obtained under the rainfall condition.

The invention provides a low-illumination rainy day image enhancement method based on DEPMD-Net. Through heterogeneous double teachers and multi-stage distillation, polarized rain-light attention and implicit representation are introduced, separation and fusion of raindrop high-frequency information and illumination low-frequency information are realized, and an image with balanced brightness and without rain interference is generated. The method comprises the following steps: 1) synthesizing low-illumination rainy day data based on Rain100L and LOL-v1; 2) pre-training a brightness expert and a rain removal expert, and obtaining prior through bidirectional KL mutual learning; 3) utilizing brightness-rain mask statistics to construct joint priori, and adopting non-zero mean anchoring to simulate night rain distribution in diffusion noise scheduling; 4) proposing PiDNet-X to recover features through cooperation of a double-branch structure and rain-light attention, 5) performing staged distillation through a soft label and feature prompt, obtaining lightweight Student-C / F through a Born-Again strategy, and realizing night rain scene self-correction by double students in a reasoning stage through moving average and mutual learning.

The application relates to the technical field of aerosol measurement, and discloses an experimental device for studying the removal of atmospheric particulates by rainfall, which comprises an aerosol generating system 1, a droplet collecting device 2, an aerosol chamber 3, a droplet falling chamber 4 and a droplet generating system 5; the aerosol chamber 3 is used for measuring aerosol parameters; the aerosol generating system 1 is used for generating monodisperse aerosol particles with different particle sizes for the aerosol chamber 3; the droplet collecting device 2 is used for collecting droplets after reaction with aerosols; the droplet falling chamber 4 is used for measuring free falling of droplets and droplet parameters; the droplet generating system 5 is connected above the droplet falling chamber 4 and is used for generating monodisperse charged droplets. The application can simulate the collection experiment of different size raindrops on different particle size sections of aerosols by adjusting different raindrop and aerosol parameters, the generated aerosols have higher monodispersity, and experimental errors are reduced.

The invention discloses a building roof rainwater analysis method and device, a storage medium and electronic equipment. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional model of a target building roof; based on the three-dimensional model, the multiple groups of wind and rain coupling parameters, interaction characteristics of raindrop particles and the target building roof and physical characteristics of the target building roof, rainwater catchment flow, rain flow thickness and rainwater load distribution of all areas of the target building roof under the multiple groups of wind and rain coupling working conditions are determined respectively; the multiple groups of wind and rain coupling working conditions cover a combined scene of unfavorable wind directions, extreme wind speeds and extreme rainfall in different return periods of the area where the target building is located, and parameter values of wind and rain coupling parameters corresponding to each group of wind and rain coupling working conditions are different from one another; based on the rainwater catchment flow, the rainwater flow thickness and the rainwater load distribution of each region of the target building roof under the multiple groups of wind and rain coupling working conditions, determining an envelope extreme value of the rainwater action of the target building roof; and analyzing the rainwater confluence characteristics and the rainwater load of the target building roof based on the envelope extreme value.

1. The name of the design product: chest (raindrop flash diamond). 2. The use of the design product: the design product is used for chest. 3. The design points of the design product: in the pattern. 4. The picture or photo that best indicates the design points: perspective drawing.

The utility model relates to the technical field of soil stabilizers, and discloses a splicing type soil stabilizer which comprises a suspension device main body, a convex block is arranged on the suspension device main body, the convex block is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the suspension device main body, a groove is formed in the lower surface of the suspension device main body, a fixing column is fixedly connected to the bottom of the suspension device main body, and the fixing column is fixedly connected to the bottom of the suspension device main body. According to the utility model, a plurality of groups of suspension device main bodies are spliced and tightly connected to form an integral protection network, so that the soil is effectively prevented from being washed by rainwater, meanwhile, the bump design on the upper surface disperses the impact force of raindrops, the original structure of soil particles is protected, and the honeycomb-shaped grooves on the lower surface increase the friction force with the soil, so that the soil is protected. The soil particles can be better embedded in the device, the stabilization effect of the device on the soil is enhanced, the soil is effectively prevented from sliding or being washed away under the action of water flow, and therefore the water and soil loss problem of the tea garden is remarkably reduced.

This application discloses a multimodal rain-sensing wiper system for vehicles, comprising: a multimodal sensing module that collects first sensing data characterizing the state of rainwater on the glass surface and second sensing data characterizing the motion state of raindrops in the air; an intelligent control module that fuses the two types of data to generate a fused rainfall feature value and generates a wiping mode command accordingly; and a low-noise execution module composed of vibration-damping composite material and a buffer device that executes the wiping action and suppresses noise. This application solves the problem of low recognition accuracy of a single sensor by fusing optical and radar sensing data from different sources, achieving accurate determination of rainfall intensity; simultaneously, it utilizes the damping properties of the composite material and the buffer device to reduce noise from both the vibration source and the transmission path. Compared with existing technologies, this application improves rainfall detection accuracy and controls operating noise at a low level, significantly improving driving safety and comfort.

The invention discloses an intelligent greening treatment system suitable for a high and steep rock slope, and relates to the technical field of slope greening. According to the system, through the synergistic effect of the vegetation growth base body of the double-layer combined structure and the intelligent regulation and control module, the wind and rain damage resistance and the vegetation survival rate are remarkably improved. The outer layer of the base body adopts acoustic-mechanical coupling energy dissipation structure resonant cavity design, mechanical energy is efficiently converted into heat energy to be dissipated by matching wind load, raindrop impact frequency and inherent frequency of a cavity, and structural damage caused by wind and rain scouring is effectively reduced; a soil sensor and a biosensor are integrated to monitor data in real time, a controller is linked with water and fertilizer integrated equipment and an adjustable spectrum LED growth lamp, and the water and fertilizer ratio and the illumination intensity are dynamically optimized; meanwhile, a water storage layer, a slow-release regulation and control layer and a water guide interface layer are arranged in the base body, so that directional water dredging and nutrient soil immobilization during heavy rainfall are achieved, reverse capillary water supply is achieved through a bionic capillary suction cup and a root system guide pipe during drought, and continuous water supply of vegetation is guaranteed.

The invention discloses a TSTFP-Net-based semantic segmentation method for a low-illumination superposition rain image, and the method aims at an image segmentation scene shot in a weak light and rainy environment, and solves a problem that the semantic segmentation precision is reduced because of insufficient illumination, raindrop interference and a significant distribution difference between a source domain and a target domain. The method comprises the following steps: 1) processing an existing data set; 2) designing a semantic segmentation network based on low illumination and rain superposition of TSTFP-Net; 3) training the RIPLM network; 4) training a trunk segmentation network; 5) training a space domain and frequency domain double-teacher network; the method comprises the following steps of (1) training an FSFM module, (2) training a comparison learning module, (3) training a domain discriminator network, and (4) testing a semantic segmentation network with low illumination and rain overlay. The method can still accurately identify the contour and category of an object in complex weather, improve the domain generalization performance, reduce the domain gap, and further improve the precision of semantic segmentation in the low illumination and rain overlay environment.

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent garden machinery, and discloses a rainwater sensing method and device, courtyard operation equipment and a medium, the shielding formed by raindrops on a glass cover is sensed through a laser radar, and the distribution characteristics of the shielding are analyzed to judge the rain, so that the high sensitivity and the quick response which are far better than those of a traditional rainwater sensor are realized; the detection reliability is not influenced by water quality; according to the method, the existing laser radar of courtyard operation equipment can be reused, extra hardware cost is avoided, maintenance requirements are reduced, and meanwhile, the method has excellent anti-interference capability and accuracy through multi-parameter fusion analysis.

The invention discloses a numerical simulation method for soil erosion caused by rainfall. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a numerical model and boundary conditions of a simulation area; modeling a soil particle system by adopting a discrete element method; modeling a wind and fluid-solid interaction system by adopting computational fluid dynamics; modeling rainfall by adopting a discrete element method; performing CFD-DEM coupling solution and erosion process simulation, calculating movement of all soil particles and raindrops under related acting force in each time step, and updating positions and speeds of the movement; according to the updated particle positions, the porosity in each CFD grid unit is calculated; based on the relative velocity of the particles and the fluid; fluid acting force borne by each particle is calculated and aggregated into a source item in a CFD grid unit; substituting the calculated porosity and the source item into the model, and solving the updated fluid velocity field and pressure field; key interaction judgment and implementation are carried out; iteratively circulating until the set total simulation time is reached; and outputting related data of the soil particles in the simulation process.

The invention relates to a rain sensor for motor vehicles that precisely detects rain intensity and dirt accumulation on the windshield. The sensor uses modulated light beams emitted by LEDs or laser diodes and guided through the windshield. Changes caused by raindrops or dirt are detected by photodetectors and analyzed by a control unit consisting of a computer system with a CPU and memory. The control unit processes the signals and derives measured values ​​for the probability of rain and the windshield's attenuation. In addition, the sensor supports encrypted communication, software updates, and integration into modern connected vehicle systems. Its modular design allows for adaptation to various vehicle models and environmental conditions. The rain sensor is future-proof and ready for integration into intelligent and autonomous vehicle systems, ensuring high precision and reliability under diverse weather conditions.

The utility model discloses an outdoor telecommunication base station cabinet, which belongs to the technical field of cabinets, and comprises a cabinet body, the side part of the cabinet body is provided with a plurality of shutter holes, the top of the cabinet body is provided with a shielding mechanism, the side surface of the cabinet body is fixedly connected with a telescopic cylinder, one end of the inner cavity of the telescopic cylinder is fixedly provided with a first motor, and the other end of the inner cavity of the telescopic cylinder is fixedly provided with a second motor. An output shaft of the first motor is fixedly connected with a screw rod, and the end of the screw rod is sleeved with a telescopic column in a threaded mode. According to the utility model, when the raindrop detection sensor detects that rain and snow appear outside, the first motor is utilized to drive the screw rod to rotate, the screw rod and the telescopic column are in threaded fit to drive the telescopic column to retract into the inner cavity of the telescopic cylinder, and the telescopic cylinder is utilized to drive the shielding side plate to move to the side part of the shutter hole to block the shutter hole; and meanwhile, the first motor and the screw are both located in the inner cavity of the telescopic cylinder and are not affected by the external environment, and the stability of the structure during use is guaranteed.

The invention discloses a rain clutter modeling method based on an electromagnetic scattering principle. Firstly, a radar emission signal model and a rain field model are constructed, and the rain field model comprises raindrop size, raindrop last speed and rainfall distribution; then, uniformly dividing the detection space into a plurality of scattering units; calculating the backscattering sectional areas of the raindrops, and further superposing the backscattering sectional areas of all the raindrops in the unit volume to obtain the scattering rate of the unit volume; according to the scattering rate per unit volume and the volume of the scattering unit, calculating the backscattering sectional area of the scattering unit; and finally, calculating the rain clutter echo signal of a single scattering unit, and superposing the rain clutter echo signals of all scattering units in the distance ring to obtain the rain clutter echo signal of the distance ring. And superposing the rain clutter echo signals of all distance rings to obtain a rain clutter echo signal in the detection space. According to the method, the modeling accuracy is improved, the calculation complexity is greatly reduced, and the method is suitable for large-scale real-time modeling.

The application relates to the technical field of roof waterproofing, in particular to an assembly type roof waterproofing structure and system based on inclined guide flow drainage, which is applied to a conical roof and comprises waterproof partitions, fixed frame bodies, movable frame bodies for fixing the waterproof partitions, buffer assemblies arranged between each movable frame body and a corresponding fixed frame body, and rainwater dispersers arranged on the outer sides of each waterproof partition. The rainwater dispersers can uniformly disperse the raindrops of initial rainfall, effectively relieve the kinetic energy of rainwater directly impacting the waterproof partitions, and promote the rainwater to form slight turbulent flow through the wave-shaped guide grooves on the waterproof partitions, so that the scouring effect caused by concentrated water flow is avoided. In combination with the buffer assemblies, the impact force borne by the waterproof partitions can be effectively absorbed and dispersed, and the stability of the waterproof partitions under extreme weather is ensured.

The application discloses a kind of all-around cleaning equipment for engine cylinder cover, including cleaning tank, conveying frame, supporting plate, clamping mechanism, water spraying mechanism and vibration mechanism, conveying roller is rotatably installed in the inside of conveying frame, the top of conveying roller is placed with supporting plate, positioning slot is opened in the both sides of supporting plate, the top of conveying frame is fixedly installed with cleaning tank, clamping mechanism is rotatably installed in the inside of cleaning tank, clamping mechanism includes rotary frame, double-head cylinder, first positioning clamp, correction seat, guide wheel, sliding frame and second positioning clamp, rotary frame is rotatably connected between cleaning tank;The application can realize the automatic feeding positioning clamping of cylinder cover, without manual feeding and discharging handling operation, improve work efficiency, water spray is bounced out by rebounding plate, so that water spray can be in the form of raindrop type free-fall, can play the effect of rinsing to cylinder cover, can utilize the water spray splashed, avoid the waste of water resources.

This invention relates to a method for mitigating the impact of rain and fog on slope uplift during flood discharge. By installing anti-fog walls at appropriate locations on the bank slope, the wind speed and direction along the slope during flood discharge are altered, preventing the continuous uplift of large amounts of rainwater. This reduces the protection height and standards of the upper bank slope, protecting sensitive areas and saving significant engineering investment. The changes in wind field and slope rainfall before and after the installation of the anti-fog walls are analyzed using flood discharge wind field calculation models and flood discharge atomized rainfall models, allowing for optimization and adjustment of the layout to improve the blocking effect. An overhanging eaves on the upper part of the anti-fog walls prevents airflow from climbing over them. The method of using a lower concrete base and an upper lightweight steel structure, with segmented installation, adapts to complex terrain and facilitates maintenance. An interpolation method based on a regular grid space is used to quickly calculate the nearby wind speed and bottom height of each raindrop, simulating the movement and settling process of raindrops in the slope wind field.

The invention relates to a raindrop spectrum distribution prediction method and device based on a time sequence network. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring historical raindrop spectrum observation data to obtain a time sequence of a shape factor, a normalized intercept and a mass weighted average diameter; quantitatively evaluating the predictability and interrelation of each parameter by adopting an information theory analysis method; based on an evaluation result, a double-branch time sequence network is constructed, a first branch independently predicts a shape factor with high complexity, and a second branch jointly predicts a normalized intercept and a mass weighted average diameter with strong correlation; and finally performing prediction by using the trained network. According to the method, through heterogeneous network design and physical constraint loss function construction guided by the information theory, time sequence prediction with more accurate raindrop spectrum parameters and higher physical consistency is realized.

The embodiment of the invention provides a weather radar consistency evaluation method and device based on raindrop spectrum parameters, and is applied to the technical field of atmospheric detection. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out quality control processing on raindrop spectrometer data; performing radar reflectivity factor data space matching on the weather radar data and the quality-controlled raindrop spectrometer data based on a preset space matching rule to obtain a radar reflectivity factor value and scanning time of the weather radar corresponding to the raindrop spectrometer position; based on a preset time matching rule, according to the radar reflectivity factor value of the weather radar corresponding to the raindrop spectrometer position and the scanning time, carrying out radar reflectivity factor data time matching on the weather radar data and the raindrop spectrometer data after quality control to obtain matched raindrop spectrum parameters; and evaluating the matched raindrop spectrum parameters based on a preset evaluation rule. In conclusion, on the basis of ground raindrop spectrum parameters, verification and evaluation of weather radar reflectivity factor data can be carried out through space-time matching.

The invention discloses a side slope ecological drainage protection and wind and rain dual-energy piezoelectric self-consistent power supply integrated system which comprises a side slope body and a side slope toe platform arranged at the lowest position of the side slope body. Comprising a stand column, an ecological planting layer, an integrated spraying irrigation device, a sludge discharge device, an inclined water storage device, a wind power transmission device, a piezoelectric power generation module and an energy management system. Deep integration of ecological restoration, rainwater utilization, sludge cleaning and energy self-consistent power supply is achieved, the technical problems that a traditional slope protection device is single in function and energy depends on external connection are solved, a full-process closed-loop operation system is constructed, the problems that in the prior art, the rainwater utilization rate is low, sediment is deposited and difficult to clean, and the ecology and protection synergy is poor are solved, and the slope protection device is suitable for being popularized and applied. The wind-rain dual-energy power generation device can generate power in response to wind impact, can generate current through raindrop impact, realizes wind-rain dual-energy collaborative capture, and constructs an integrated technical system of ecological restoration, rainwater utilization, equipment long-acting operation and energy self-sufficiency.