The invention discloses a method for rapid detection of the residual mount of sulfanilamide in food. The method comprises the following steps: firstly enabling the sulfanilamide and fluorescamine to perform derivation reaction, further enriching derivative products by using cloud point extraction, adding a sample enrichment and a standard plate prepared from a sulfanilamide standard product on a thin layer silica gel plate, comparing the fluorescence intensities of the two under an ultraviolet lamp to judge the concentration range of the fluorescamine in a sample, and determining the residual amount of the sulfanilamide in the food, wherein a detection limit of the method is 0.08 micron g/mL. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simplicity in operation, small using amount of organic solvent, high detection sensitivity, short detection time, strong specificity and capability of realizing effective separation from interfering substances, is a simple, convenient, fast and accurate analytical method, does not need large-scale instruments, only needs to configure small-scale instruments and equipment, and further has extensive application prospects.