The invention relates to an ammunition overload detection device, and in particular relates to an overload test and detection device of a gas gun, wherein the device provided by the invention can be used for solving the technical problems such as inconvenience in operation and use and the like of the existing air gun penetration test device. The overload test and detection device of the gas gun comprises a frame body which is provided with an overload test air gun launching device, a charging overload test bomb, an overload test protective box and an overload test target plate replacement device. Comprehensively, compared with the prior art, in the technical scheme provided by the invention, the target plate replacement device for an overload test, the overload test protective box and a small-size penetration test bomb are designed specially for the small-size charging and priming system air gun overload performance test, principles and methods relevant to the mechanical design are utilized, the design scheme has the characteristics of being vigorous, practicable, convenient and the like, and the overload test and detection device has the advantages of favorable practical value, reliable operability and accurate experiment result.