The invention discloses an integrated meteorological observation environment simulation device. The device includes a semi-closed sunshade, rainfall simulators, a first controller, snowfall simulators, a second controller, refrigerators, drizzle simulators, a third controller, a hail simulator, a fourth controller, a regulator, a remote test platform and image collection units, wherein the rainfall simulators, the first controller, the snowfall simulators, the second controller, the refrigerators, the drizzle simulators, the third controller, the hail simulator, the fourth controller, the regulator, the remote test platform and the image collection units are disposed in the semi-closed sunshade. The device realizes the rapid and controllable simulation of five kinds of rainfall weather phenomena such as drizzle, rain, snow, sleet and hail in a closed space and provides a detection environment. Actual measurement results show that in a simulated environment, a Doppler-type rainfall radar can continuously and stably identify the five kinds of weather phenomena such as drizzle, rain, snow, sleet and hail and can detect the particle size and speed of the hail. The device can provide the controllable and reproducible detection environment for evaluating the identification accuracy of a rainfall weather phenomenon instrument.