Multi-phase emi and transient protection circuit and synchronous rectification control for a compressor of a refrigeration system

Abstract

A drive for a mobile compressor includes an EMI and transient protection circuit, a second choke, a converter, and an inverter. The EMI and transient protection circuit includes a common mode choke and at least one component, respectively. Each of the common mode chokes is configured to receive a first DC voltage and is connected to a first ground and a second ground. The at least one component is connected to a third ground. The first ground, the second ground, and the third ground are at different voltage potentials. The second choke is connected downstream of the common mode chokes. The converter is connected to an output of the second choke and is configured to collectively provide a second DC voltage to a DC bus. The inverter is connected to the DC bus and is configured to convert the second DC voltage to an AC voltage to power the mobile compressor downstream of the inverter.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This disclosure is a PCT international application, U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 993,710, filed August 14, 2020, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 958,850, filed January 9, 2020. The entire disclosure of the above-cited applications is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to vehicles, and more specifically, to the drives of refrigeration systems in vehicles. Background Technology

[0004] Compressors can be used in a variety of industrial and residential applications to circulate refrigerant, thereby providing the desired heating or cooling effect. For example, compressors can be used to provide heating and / or cooling in refrigeration systems, heat pump systems, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, or cooler systems. These types of systems can be fixed at locations such as buildings or residences, or they can be mobile, such as vehicles. Vehicles include land-based vehicles (e.g., trucks, cars, trains, etc.), water-based vehicles (e.g., boats), air-based vehicles (e.g., airplanes), and vehicles operating in a combination of land, water, and air.

[0005] Small to medium-sized refrigerated truck systems may include a eutectic plate. The eutectic plate is placed inside the truck's cargo box and is used to maintain the air temperature inside the box, thereby keeping the contents below a predetermined temperature. The eutectic plate is filled with a fluid and designed to freeze at a specific temperature. The eutectic plate can be cooled to a medium temperature (e.g., 35°F) or a low temperature (e.g., less than or equal to 0°F). When the truck is parked in a warehouse, the refrigerated truck system typically lowers the temperature of the eutectic plate overnight. When the truck is in use (i.e., when the truck is parked at a station or traveling between stations), the refrigerated truck system is typically not operational.

[0006] Some refrigerated truck systems include a blower / evaporator (hereinafter referred to as the "evaporator") in addition to the eutectic plate. The evaporator operates as needed and maintains the temperature inside the truck bed while the corresponding truck is traveling between stations. The evaporator is powered by a battery pack. The battery pack is charged via shore power, solar power, or via an alternator and / or generator. The alternator and / or generator is driven by the truck's engine.

[0007] The background description provided herein is for the purpose of presenting the general context of this disclosure. The inventors’ work relating to the scope described in this background section, and aspects that may not conform to the description as prior art at the time of filing, shall not be explicitly or implicitly considered as prior art to this disclosure. Summary of the Invention

[0008] A driver for a mobile compressor is provided, the driver including electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuitry, a second choke, a converter, and an inverter. The electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuitry each includes a common-mode choke and at least one component. Each common-mode choke is configured to receive a first DC voltage and is connected to a first ground and a second ground. The at least one component of each electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuit is connected to a third ground. The first ground, second ground, and third ground are at different voltage potentials. The second choke is connected downstream of the common-mode choke. The converter is connected to the output of the second choke and is configured to collectively provide a second DC voltage to a DC bus. The inverter is connected to the DC bus and is configured to convert the second DC voltage into an AC voltage to power the mobile compressor downstream of the inverter.

[0009] Among other features, the first ground is the negative battery terminal. The second ground is the negative voltage bus reference for the second DC voltage. The third ground is the chassis ground.

[0010] Among other features, each of the electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits includes an electromagnetic interference filter and a transient protection component, which are connected to a second ground.

[0011] Among other features, the electromagnetic interference filter includes a capacitor. Transient protection components include a variable resistor. Among other features, the converter is implemented as a synchronous rectifier.

[0012] Among other features, the driver also includes a controller configured to control the synchronous rectifiers such that each converter in the converters provides a corresponding portion of the full cycle of the output signal supplied to the inverter. The synchronous rectifiers collectively provide an output signal on the DC bus. The output signal includes a second DC voltage. Among other features, the synchronous rectifiers generate their own outputs. The controller is configured to control the synchronous rectifiers such that each output of the synchronous rectifiers has a phase shift relative to the other synchronous rectifiers. Among other features, the synchronous rectifiers are bidirectional and independently controlled to operate in forward mode to power the mobile compressor and in reverse mode to charge the DC power supply.

[0013] Among other features, each of the electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits includes a damping circuit located upstream of a corresponding common-mode choke in the common-mode choke.

[0014] Among other features, each of the electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits includes an electromagnetic interference filter located upstream of a corresponding common-mode choke in the common-mode choke.

[0015] Among other features, each of the electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits includes one or more transient protection components located upstream of a corresponding common-mode choke in the common-mode choke.

[0016] Among other features, each of the electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits includes a Y capacitor with a different capacitance located downstream of a corresponding common-mode choke in the common-mode choke.

[0017] Among other features, each of the electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits includes an X capacitor located downstream of a corresponding common-mode choke in the common-mode choke.

[0018] Among other features, each of the electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits includes one or more transient protection components located upstream of a corresponding common-mode choke in the common-mode choke.

[0019] Among other features, each of the electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits includes a diode configured to bypass current from a corresponding common-mode choke to a DC bus, such that the current bypasses a corresponding second choke and a corresponding converter.

[0020] Among other features, the driver also includes a charging circuit connected upstream of the electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuitry and configured to receive power from a DC power source and charge the capacitors of the electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuitry.

[0021] Among other features, the driver also includes a charging circuit located downstream of the electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuit, and the charging circuit is configured to control the power transfer from the electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuit to the second choke coil.

[0022] Among other features, a driver for a mobile compressor is provided. The driver includes electromagnetic interference (EMI) and transient protection circuitry, a first choke, a synchronous rectifier, and an inverter. Each EMI and transient protection circuit is configured to receive a first DC voltage and is connected to either a first ground or a second ground. Each EMI and transient protection circuit includes an EMI filter and a transient protection component. The EMI filter and transient protection component are connected to a third ground. The first ground, second ground, and third ground are at different voltage potentials. The first choke is connected downstream of the EMI and transient protection circuitry. The synchronous rectifier is connected to the output of the first choke and is configured to collectively provide a second DC voltage to the DC bus. The inverter is configured to convert the second DC voltage into an AC voltage to power the mobile compressor downstream of the inverter.

[0023] Among other features, a drive for a mobile compressor is provided, the drive including electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuitry, a first choke, a synchronous rectifier, and an inverter. Each of the electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits is configured to receive a first DC voltage and is connected to a first ground. Each of the electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits includes an electromagnetic interference filter and a transient protection component. The electromagnetic interference filter and transient protection component are connected to a second ground. The second ground is different from the first ground. The first choke is connected downstream of the electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuitry. The synchronous rectifier is connected to the output of the first choke and is configured to jointly provide a second DC voltage to a DC bus. The inverter is configured to convert the second DC voltage into an AC voltage to power the mobile drive downstream of the inverter.

[0024] Among other features, the first ground is the negative battery terminal. The second ground is the negative voltage bus reference for the second DC voltage. The third ground is the chassis ground.

[0025] Among other features, the electromagnetic interference filter includes a capacitor. Transient protection components include a variable resistor.

[0026] Among other features, the driver also includes a controller configured to control the synchronous rectifiers such that each synchronous rectifier provides a corresponding portion of the full cycle of the output signal supplied to the inverter. The synchronous rectifiers collectively provide an output signal on the DC bus. The output signal includes a second DC voltage. Among other features, the synchronous rectifiers generate their respective outputs. The controller is configured to control the synchronous rectifiers such that each output of the synchronous rectifiers has a phase shift relative to the other synchronous rectifiers. Among other features, the synchronous rectifiers are bidirectional and independently controlled by the controller to operate in forward mode to power the mobile compressor and in reverse mode to charge the DC power supply.

[0027] Among other features, each of the electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits includes a diode configured to bypass current to the DC bus, such that the current bypasses a corresponding first choke and a corresponding synchronous rectifier.

[0028] Among other features, the electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits each include a second choke coil.

[0029] Among the other features, the second choke is a common-mode choke.

[0030] Among other features, each of the electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits includes a damping circuit located upstream of a corresponding common-mode choke in the common-mode choke.

[0031] Among other features, each electromagnetic interference filter in the electromagnetic interference filter is located upstream of a corresponding common-mode choke in the common-mode choke.

[0032] Among other features, each transient protection component is located upstream of a corresponding common-mode choke in the common-mode choke.

[0033] Among other features, each of the electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits includes a Y capacitor with a different capacitance located downstream of a corresponding common-mode choke in the common-mode choke.

[0034] Among other features, each of the electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits includes an X capacitor located downstream of a corresponding common-mode choke in the common-mode choke.

[0035] Among other features, each transient protection component is located upstream of a corresponding common-mode choke in the common-mode choke.

[0036] Among other features, each transient protection component is located downstream of a corresponding common-mode choke in the common-mode choke.

[0037] Further applicability of this disclosure will become apparent from the detailed description, claims, and drawings. The detailed description and specific examples are intended for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0038] This disclosure will be more fully understood in light of the detailed description and accompanying drawings.

[0039] Figure 1A and Figure 1B This is a functional block diagram of an example vehicle system including a driver with electromagnetic interference (EMI) and transient protection circuitry, based on the present disclosure.

[0040] Figure 2A and Figure 2B It is a schematic diagram of a battery pack for a vehicle's refrigeration system and an example charging system for charging the battery pack.

[0041] Figure 3 It includes Figure 1A and Figure 1B The diagram shows a functional block diagram of an example implementation of a vehicle's refrigeration system, including one of the drivers, a eutectic plate, and an evaporator system. The term "eutectic plate" can refer to a single plate or multiple plates assembled into a plate bank, and is referred to therefrom.

[0042] Figure 4A A functional block diagram of a portion of an example refrigeration system having multiple eutectic plates.

[0043] Figure 4B Includes a functional block diagram of a portion of an example refrigeration system with multiple evaporator systems.

[0044] Figure 5 Includes a functional block diagram of an example system, which includes a control module, vehicle sensors, and vehicle actuators.

[0045] Figure 6A This is a functional block diagram of an example control module.

[0046] Figure 6B This is another example of a function block diagram for a control module.

[0047] Figure 7 yes Figure 1A and Figure 1B A functional block diagram of an example driver.

[0048] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A schematic diagram of an example of one of the EMI and transient protection circuits.

[0049] Figure 9 yes Figure 1A and Figure 1B A schematic diagram of an example bidirectional converter for a driver.

[0050] Figure 10 A mode selection method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0051] Figure 11 yes Figure 1A and Figure 1B Another example of a driver's functional block diagram.

[0052] In the accompanying drawings, reference numerals may be used repeatedly to identify similar and / or identical elements. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The driver used to power the compressor may include EMI and transient protection circuitry. The EMI and transient protection circuitry receives direct current (DC) from a DC source with a first DC voltage, converts the first DC voltage to a second DC voltage, performs EMI filtering on the second DC voltage, and then supplies the second DC voltage to one or more boost chokes. In order for the EMI and transient protection circuitry to supply a high level of current (e.g., 100 amps (A)) to the one or more boost chokes to power the compressor, components of the EMI and transient protection circuitry need to be configured to handle high current levels. For example, the EMI and transient protection circuitry may include a common-mode choke that provides DC-DC conversion. Common-mode chokes capable of handling 100A of current are large and expensive.

[0054] Furthermore, when the output of the EMI and transient protection circuitry powers multiple chokes (e.g., three boost chokes), there is interaction between the phases because the same EMI and transient protection circuitry powers the boost chokes; each phase includes one of the boost chokes. This interaction results in noise being seen in each phase. If all the boost chokes are fed from the same EMI filter, noise from one phase is seen by the other phases, leading to undesirable interaction. At least some of the noise is associated with switching that occurs downstream of the chokes, such as at the boost converter and / or inverter. Moreover, if a voltage drop exists in one of these phases, it will affect the other phases due to the common (or shared) EMI and transient protection circuitry.

[0055] The examples disclosed herein overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and include drivers with multiphase EMI and transient protection circuitry. Detailed examples of the drivers are available in [link to document]. Figure 7Detailed examples of EMI and transient protection circuits are shown in [the image / document]. Figure 8 As shown in the diagram, each EMI and transient protection circuit corresponds to a single phase (or channel) and includes a DC-DC converter that supplies a portion of the total current to the corresponding downstream choke and bidirectional converter. The bidirectional converter is implemented as a synchronous rectifier circuit. The outputs of the bidirectional converters are combined and supplied to the high-voltage DC bus. Different phases refer to interleaved channels with certain components. The timing of each bidirectional converter is controlled such that the power output of each bidirectional converter is out of phase with the power output of the other bidirectional converters (timing ahead or delayed relative to the power output of the other bidirectional converters).

[0056] Because multiple EMI and transient protection circuits are used, the components for these circuits can be smaller and less expensive. For example, a common-mode choke capable of carrying 35A of current is smaller, more versatile, and less expensive than a common-mode choke capable of carrying 100A. The paths of the EMI and transient protection circuits have high conductance and resistance that do not interact, resulting in no noise coupling between phases. Moreover, if a voltage drop exists in one phase, the other phases are unaffected because independent EMI and transient protection is provided for each phase. Improved EMI filtering and better ripple current cancellation are also provided.

[0057] Figure 1A and Figure 1B This is a functional block diagram of an example system for a vehicle 100. The vehicle 100 includes an internal combustion engine 104 that burns air and fuel in its cylinders to generate propulsion torque for the vehicle 100. The engine 104 can burn fuels such as gasoline, diesel, natural gas, and / or one or more other types of fuel. The engine 104 outputs torque to a power transmission system 108. The power transmission system 108 transmits torque to two or more wheels of the vehicle. While examples of wheeled vehicles are provided, this application is not limited to wheeled vehicles and is also applicable to water-based and / or air-based vehicles.

[0058] Power source 112 is driven by engine 104 and converts the mechanical energy of engine 104 into electrical energy to charge battery 116. Power source 112 may include an alternator, generator, and / or other types of devices that convert the mechanical energy of engine 104 into electrical energy. While an example of a single power source is provided, multiple or zero power sources driven by engine 104 may be included. Power source 112 may be, for example, a 12V alternator (e.g., in...). Figure 1A (in the example) and / or a 48V AC generator (e.g., in Figure 1B (as in the example).

[0059] The vehicle 100 also includes a battery pack 120. By way of example only, the battery pack 120 may be a 48-volt (V) direct current (DC) battery pack, but another suitable battery pack may also be used. The battery pack 120 may include two or more individual batteries connected together, or it may include a single battery. For example, in the case of a 48V battery pack, the battery pack 120 may include four 12V batteries connected in series. The batteries may be connected such that lower voltages, such as 12V, 24V, and / or 36V, can also be obtained from one, two, or three of the batteries.

[0060] Figure 2A and Figure 2B This is an example schematic diagram including a battery pack 120 for a cooling system used in a vehicle and an example charging system. Figure 2A and Figure 2B In the example, battery pack 120 includes four individual 12V batteries connected in series. The batteries are arranged in two groups (A and B), each group having two individual 12V batteries (battery 1 and battery 2) connected in series to provide two 24V reference potentials.

[0061] Return to reference Figure 1A and Figure 1B The battery pack 120 supplies power to the cooling system 124. The cooling system 124 cools the refrigerated compartment 128. The cooling system 124 includes a driver 127 with EMI and transient protection circuitry 129. An example of the EMI and transient protection circuitry 129 is shown in... Figure 7 As shown in the image.

[0062] The refrigerated space 128 can be a refrigerated space cooled based on a setpoint temperature. Alternatively, the refrigerated space 128 can be divided (e.g., physically) into multiple refrigerated spaces, which can be cooled based on corresponding setpoint temperatures. For example, a first portion of the refrigerated space 128 can be cooled based on a first setpoint temperature (e.g., a first setpoint temperature for refrigerating articles), while a second portion of the refrigerated space 128 can be cooled based on a second setpoint temperature lower than the first setpoint temperature (e.g., a second setpoint temperature for freezing articles). An example of such a vehicle includes a truck used to transport perishable foods between locations. The refrigerated space can be cooled using a closed-loop control system based on both the temperature within the refrigerated space and the setpoint temperature.

[0063] Vehicle 100 includes a door 132 that provides access to refrigerated space 128 for, for example, loading and unloading contents of refrigerated space 128. While an example of a door is provided, vehicle 100 may include two or more doors. Some vehicles include fourteen (14) or more doors.

[0064] Unlock actuator 136 and locking actuator 140 can unlock and lock door 132, respectively. Unlock actuator 136 and locking actuator 140 can, for example, slide pins out and into receivers to lock and unlock door 132, respectively. In various implementations, the unlock actuator and locking actuator can be configured for each door leading to the refrigerated space.

[0065] The control module of the refrigeration system 124 (discussed further below) can actuate the unlock actuator 136 in response to user input to unlock the cabin door of the vehicle 100, thereby unlocking door 132 (and other doors leading to the refrigerated space 128). The control module can actuate the locking actuator 140 in response to user input to lock the cabin door of the vehicle 100, thereby locking door 132 (and other doors leading to the refrigerated space 128). User input for locking and unlocking the cabin doors can be provided via a wireless key card, a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone, tablet, or other handheld device), a remote computer system, and / or one or more locking / unlocking switches accessible from within the cabin of the vehicle 100.

[0066] The battery pack 120 can be charged using multiple different power sources. For example, in Figure 1A In the example, vehicle 100 includes a voltage converter 150 that converts the power output from power source 112 (e.g., 12V) into power for charging battery pack 120. Voltage converter 150 can convert the DC output of power source 112 into, for example, 240V alternating current (AC). Since power source 112 is driven by the rotation of engine 104, it can be used to charge battery pack 120 while engine 104 is running.

[0067] Although power source 112 is shown as providing power for charging both battery 116 and battery pack 120, a second power source can also be used to convert the power of engine 104 into power for battery pack 120. In this case, power source 112 can be used to charge battery 116. In various implementations, voltage converter 150 and switch 162 can be omitted, and battery pack 120 can be charged without using engine 104. Alternatively, battery pack 120 can be charged via one or more other power sources, such as those discussed further below.

[0068] As another example, in Figure 1BIn this example, power supply 112 can charge battery pack 120. In this example, voltage converter 152 can convert the power output from power supply 112 (e.g., 48V) into power for charging battery 116. Voltage converter 152 can convert the DC output of power supply 112 into, for example, 12V for battery 116. However, alternatively, another power supply can be used to charge battery 116. In various implementations, the (motor-driven) power supply for charging battery pack 120 can be omitted. Battery pack 120 can be charged from driver 127 using one of the phases of converter 155, which can be an AC-to-DC converter or a DC-to-DC converter. If isolation is required, battery pack 120 can alternatively be charged via a transformer.

[0069] Battery pack 120 can be charged using power received from a utility via socket 154. Socket 154 is configured to receive either AC or DC power. For example, socket 154 can receive AC power from a utility via a power cord (e.g., an extension cord) connected between socket 154 and a wall socket or charger in the building. Socket 154 can be, for example, a single-phase 110 / 120V AC socket or a 208 / 240V AC socket, a three-phase 208 / 240V AC socket, or a three-phase 380 to 480V AC socket. In various implementations, vehicle 100 may include both 110 / 120V and 208 / 240V AC sockets. While an example of socket 154 receiving AC power is provided, socket 154 may alternatively receive DC power via a power cord. In various implementations, vehicle 100 may include one or more AC sockets and / or one or more DC sockets. The electricity received from the utility via socket 154 will be referred to as shore power.

[0070] Power from socket 154 can be supplied to driver 127. Driver 127 may include converter 155. When implemented as an AC-to-DC converter, converter 155 may include a rectifier and supply DC power to EMI and transient protection circuitry 129. In one embodiment, driver 127 receives power from voltage converter 176, which can be supplied to converter 155. In this example, converter 155 is implemented as a DC-to-DC converter.

[0071] The vehicle 100 also includes one or more battery chargers 158. The battery chargers 158 use shore power received via socket 154 (or in…). Figure 1A and Figure 2AIn this example, the power output from voltage converter 150 charges the battery in battery pack 120. When socket 154 is connected to shore power, switch 162 is open (or disconnected) to isolate power from power source 112. Although switch 162 is schematically shown as a single switch, switch 162 may include one, two, or more than two switching devices (e.g., normally closed or normally open relays). Figure 2A and Figure 2B In the example, switch 162 is shown as including two relays, one for each power line. Battery pack 120 can also be charged from driver 127 without the use of voltage converters 152, 158. For example, driver 127 can perform AC-to-DC and / or DC-to-DC converter functions. In one embodiment, one or more phases of driver 127 are used to charge battery pack 120, while one or more other phases of driver 127 are used to drive loads, such as compressors.

[0072] When receptacle 154 is connected to shore power and the ignition system of vehicle 100 is disconnected, switch 166 closes (or is closed) to relay power from receptacle 154 to battery charger 158, and battery charger 158 uses shore power to charge the battery. In one embodiment, the driver includes a battery charger that uses the same DC-DC input as the driver and operates as a buck converter, wherein power is input from shore power to the driver. Although switch 166 is also schematically shown as a single switch, switch 166 may include one, two, or more than two switching devices (e.g., normally closed or normally open relays). Figure 2A and Figure 2B In the example, switch 166 is shown as including two relays, one for each power line.

[0073] When the ignition system of vehicle 100 is turned on, switch 166 can isolate socket 154 from battery charger 158. Because the drive has both shore power input and input from the alternator, the drive can operate the compressor from shore power while simultaneously drawing power from the alternator, thereby reducing the load on the alternator. Figure 1A and Figure 2A In the example, when the ignition system of vehicle 100 is turned on (causing engine 104 to run and voltage converter 150 to output power to charge battery pack 120), switch 162 connects voltage converter 150 to battery charger 158. Battery charger 158 can then use the power output from voltage converter 150 to charge the battery in battery pack 120. Figure 1B and Figure 2BIn the example, when the ignition system of vehicle 100 is turned on (causing engine 104 to run and power supply 112 to output power), switch 162 connects power supply 112 to battery pack 120, so power supply 112 charges battery pack 120.

[0074] A battery charger can be provided for each battery in the battery pack 120. In various implementations, two or more battery chargers can be connected in series and / or parallel. Each battery charger can convert input power (e.g., shore power or power output from voltage converter 150) into, for example, 24V, 40 amps (A) DC power for charging. By way of example only, battery charger 158 may include a model SEC-2440 charger manufactured by Samlex America Inc. of Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Figure 2A and Figure 2B In the example, two 24V, 40A battery chargers are connected to provide a 48V, 80A output for battery charging. While an example of a battery charger with a 24V, 40A output is provided, battery chargers with additional outputs, such as a 12V charger connected to each battery, can be used. Battery charger 158 can also monitor individual batteries and control the power applied to the respective batteries to prevent overcharging.

[0075] Vehicle 100 may optionally include a solar panel (or solar panel array) 172 (hereinafter referred to as "solar panel 172"). Solar panel 172 converts solar energy into electrical energy. While an example of a solar panel is provided, multiple solar panels may also be used. Voltage converter 176 converts the power output from solar panel 172 and charges battery pack 120. In some embodiments, solar panel 172 and / or other solar power sources may be used to charge battery pack 120 during operation in the various power modes described herein.

[0076] As discussed further below, the refrigeration system 124 includes one or more eutectic plates. The eutectic plates are cooled when the vehicle 100 is connected to shore power. When the vehicle 100 is subsequently disconnected from shore power (e.g., for transporting the contents of the refrigerated compartment 128), the eutectic plates can be used to cool the refrigerated compartment 128 using power from the battery pack 120. The eutectic plates can also be cooled by the refrigeration system 124 when the vehicle 100 is disconnected from shore power.

[0077] By charging the battery pack 120 when the vehicle 100 is connected to shore power (and / or via solar panel 172), the use of the engine 104 to generate electricity to operate the cooling system 124 when the vehicle 100 is disconnected from shore power can be minimized or eliminated. This can reduce the fuel consumption of the engine 104 and the vehicle 100 (and improve fuel efficiency).

[0078] When vehicle 100 is connected to shore power, defrosting device 180 can be used to defrost the eutectic plate. One example of defrosting device 180 includes a resistance heater that heats air, such as air circulated on, around, and / or through the eutectic plate by one or more fans. Another example of defrosting device 180 includes a resistance heater that heats a fluid (e.g., an ethylene glycol solution), such as a fluid circulated on, around, and / or through the eutectic plate by one or more pumps. In this way, heat from the warm air or warm fluid defrosts the eutectic plate.

[0079] Figure 3 A functional block diagram including an example implementation of the refrigeration system 124. Figure 3 In the example, dashed lines represent refrigerant flow, while solid lines represent electrical connections. In various implementations, some, all, or none of the components of the refrigeration system 124 may be located within the refrigeration space 128.

[0080] Compressor 204 receives refrigerant vapor from receiver 208 via its suction line. Receiver 208 collects liquid refrigerant to minimize the amount of liquid refrigerant flowing to compressor 204. Compressor 204 compresses the refrigerant and supplies pressurized refrigerant in vapor form to condenser heat exchanger (HEX) 212. Compressor 204 includes an electric motor 216 that drives a pump to compress the refrigerant. By way of example only, compressor 204 may include a scroll compressor, a reciprocating compressor, or other types of refrigerant compressor. Electric motor 216 may include, for example, an induction motor, a permanent magnet motor (brushed or brushless), or other suitable types of motor. In various implementations, motor 216 may, for example, be a brushless permanent magnet (BPM) motor, as BPM motors are more efficient than other types of motors.

[0081] All or part of the pressurized refrigerant is converted into a liquid form within the condenser HEX 212. The condenser HEX 212 transfers heat away from the refrigerant, thereby cooling it. When the refrigerant vapor is cooled to a temperature below the refrigerant's saturation temperature, the refrigerant is converted into a liquid (or liquefied) form. One or more condenser fans 220 can be implemented to increase airflow on, around, and / or through the condenser HEX 212, thereby increasing the rate of heat transfer away from the refrigerant.

[0082] Refrigerant from condenser HEX 212 is supplied to receiver 224. Receiver 224 can be implemented to store excess refrigerant. In various implementations, receiver 224 can be omitted. Filter dryer 228 can be implemented to remove moisture and debris from the refrigerant. In various implementations, filter dryer 228 can be omitted.

[0083] When the vapor injection enthalpy increase (EVI) valve 232 is open, a portion of the refrigerant can be expanded into vapor form through the expansion valve 236 and supplied to the EVI HEX 240. The EVI valve 232 can be, for example, a solenoid valve or other suitable type of valve.

[0084] EVI HEX 240 can be a counterflow plate HEX and can superheat the vaporized refrigerant from EVI valve 232. The vaporized refrigerant from EVI HEX 240 can be supplied to compressor 204, such as at the midpoint of the compressor chamber of compressor 204. For example, EVI can be performed to increase capacity and improve the efficiency of refrigeration system 124. EVI valve 232 can include a thermostatic expansion valve (TXV) or an electronic expansion valve (EXV).

[0085] Refrigerant that does not flow through EVI valve 232 circulates to plate control valve 244 and evaporator control valve 248. Plate control valve 244 can be, for example, a solenoid valve or other suitable type of valve. Evaporator control valve 248 can be, for example, a solenoid valve or other suitable type of valve.

[0086] Refrigerant can flow through driver HEX 252 before reaching plate control valve 244 and evaporator control valve 248. Driver HEX 252 draws heat from driver 127 and transfers the heat to the refrigerant flowing through driver HEX 252. While an example of driver HEX 252 being cooled by liquid (refrigerant) is provided, driver 127 can be additionally or alternatively cooled by air. Air cooling can be active (e.g., by a fan) or passive (e.g., by conduction and convection).

[0087] The driver 127 controls the application of power from the battery pack 120 to the motor 216. For example, the driver 127 can control the application of power to the motor 216 based on a speed command from the control module 260. Based on the speed command, the driver 127 can generate three-phase AC power (e.g., 208 / 240V AC) and apply that three-phase AC power to the motor 216. The driver 127 can set one or more characteristics of the three-phase AC power, such as frequency, voltage, and / or current, based on the speed command. By way of example only, the driver 127 could be a variable frequency drive (VFD). In various implementations, one or more electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters can be implemented between the battery pack 120 and the driver 127. In one embodiment, the motor 216 is an induction motor or a permanent magnet motor.

[0088] The control module 260 can set speed commands to multiple different possible speeds for the variable speed operation of the motor 216 and the compressor 204. The control module 260 and the drive 127 can communicate, for example, using RS485 Modbus or other suitable types of communication (including but not limited to Controller Area Network (CAN) bus or analog signaling (e.g., 0 to 10V signals)).

[0089] High-pressure disconnect (HPCO) 262 can be implemented to disconnect power to drive 127 and deactivate motor 216 when the pressure of the refrigerant output by compressor 204 exceeds a predetermined pressure. Control module 260 can also control the operation of compressor 204 based on a comparison with the pressure of the refrigerant output by compressor 204. For example, when the pressure of the refrigerant output by compressor 204 is less than a second predetermined pressure (which is less than or equal to a predetermined pressure used by HPCO 262), control module 260 can shut down compressor 204 or reduce the speed of compressor 204.

[0090] When plate control valve 244 opens, refrigerant can expand into vapor form through expansion valve 264 and be supplied to one or more eutectic plates 268. The vaporized refrigerant cools the eutectic plates 268 and the solution within them. By way of example only, the solution may be a solution comprising one or more salts. The solution may have a freezing point temperature of, for example, about 12 degrees Fahrenheit or another suitable freezing point temperature. The solution in the eutectic plates 268 may be selected, for example, based on the items typically cooled within the refrigerated compartment 128. Expansion valve 264 may include a TXV or may be an EXV.

[0091] The eutectic plate 268 is located within the refrigerated space 128 and cools the refrigerated space 128. By freezing the solution within the eutectic plate 268, the eutectic plate 268 can be used to cool the refrigerated space for a period of time after freezing, such as when the vehicle 100 transports items within the refrigerated space 128.

[0092] When evaporator control valve 248 opens, refrigerant can expand into vapor form through expansion valve 272 and be supplied to evaporator HEX 276. Expansion valve 272 may include TXV or EXV. Similar to eutectic plate 268, evaporator HEX 276 cools refrigerated compartment 128. More specifically, the vaporized refrigerant within evaporator HEX 276 transfers heat from the air within refrigerated compartment 128 (i.e., absorbs heat).

[0093] One or more evaporator fans 280 may draw air from the refrigeration compartment 128. The evaporator fans 280 may increase airflow onto, around, and / or through the evaporator HEX 276 and eutectic plate 268 to increase the rate of heat transfer (i.e., cooling) from the air within the refrigeration compartment 128. A damper 284 may be configured to allow or block airflow from the evaporator fans 280 to the eutectic plate 268. For example, when the damper 284 is open, the evaporator fans 280 may circulate air through the evaporator HEX 276 and eutectic plate 268. When the damper 284 is closed, it blocks airflow from the evaporator fan 280 to the eutectic plate 268, and the evaporator fan 280 circulates air on, around, and / or through the evaporator HEX 276. While an example of the damper 284 is provided, other suitable actuators can be used to allow / prevent airflow from the evaporator fan 280 to the eutectic plate 268. Alternatively, one or more fans can be provided for the evaporator HEX 276, and one or more fans can be provided for the eutectic plate 268. Refrigerant flowing out of the eutectic plate 268 and the evaporator HEX 276 can flow back to the receiver 208. Air cooled by the evaporator HEX 276 and the eutectic plate 268 flows to the refrigeration compartment to cool the refrigeration compartment 128. Although in Figure 3 The example shows separate cooling air paths, but the air flowing out of the eutectic plate 268 can be combined with the air flowing out of the evaporator HEX 276 before the cooling air is output to cool the refrigerated space 128. Figure 3 The curve in the figure illustrates the airflow.

[0094] The refrigeration system 124 may also include a compressor pressure regulator (CPR) valve 288, which regulates the pressure of the refrigerant supplied to the compressor 204 via the suction line. For example, the CPR valve 288 may be closed during compressor 204 startup to limit the pressure entering the compressor 204. The CPR valve 288 may be an electronically controlled valve (e.g., a stepper motor or solenoid valve), a mechanical valve, or other suitable type of valve. In various implementations, the CPR valve 288 may be omitted. In another embodiment, the CPR valve 288 is not included. The CPR valve 288 may be used to limit the starting torque of the motor of the compressor 204. The driver 127 limits the torque that the motor can pull.

[0095] Figure 3 An example of a eutectic plate and an evaporator HEX is provided. However, the refrigeration system 124 may include more than one eutectic plate, such as two, three, four, five, six or more eutectic plates. An expansion valve may be provided for each eutectic plate. Figure 4A A functional block diagram of a portion of an example refrigeration system having multiple eutectic plates.

[0096] In addition to having one or more eutectic plates, or as an alternative to having one or more eutectic plates, the refrigeration system 124 may include more than one evaporator HEX, such as two, three, four, five, six or more evaporator HEXs. For example, different evaporator HEXs may be provided for different parts of the refrigeration space 128. An expansion valve and one or more evaporator fans may be provided for each evaporator HEX. Figure 4B A functional block diagram of a portion of an example refrigeration system with three evaporators (HEX).

[0097] Some vehicles may include two or more refrigerated compartments, but only one of the refrigerated compartments may include one (or more) evaporators and one (or more) eutectic plates. A damper or other suitable actuator may be provided to connect a refrigerated compartment with an evaporator and eutectic plates to one or more other refrigerated compartments without evaporators or eutectic plates (i.e., without any evaporator and without any eutectic plates), and to disconnect a refrigerated compartment with evaporators and eutectic plates from one or more other refrigerated compartments without evaporators or eutectic plates. Control module 260 may control the opening and closing of such dampers or actuators, for example, based on maintaining the temperature within the other refrigerated compartment at a setpoint for that other refrigerated compartment.

[0098] Figure 5The diagram includes a functional block diagram of an example system, comprising a control module 260, various sensors of a vehicle 100, and various actuators of the vehicle 100. The control module 260 receives various measurement parameters and indications from the sensors of the vehicle 100. The control module 260 controls the actuators of the vehicle 100. As an example, the control module 260 could be an iPRO series control module (e.g., 100 series, 200 series, 4DIN series, 10DIN series) from Dixell Srl, located in Pieve d'Alpago Belluno (BL), Italy. One example is the iPRO IPG115D control module; however, the control module 260 could be another suitable type of control module.

[0099] Ignition sensor 304 indicates whether the ignition system of vehicle 100 is on or off. The driver can, for example, turn on the ignition system of vehicle 100 and start the engine 104 by actuating the ignition key, button, or switch. Ignition system on can indicate that the cooling system (discussed further below) is being or can be powered via a charging system powered by the engine 104. The driver can, for example, turn off the ignition system of vehicle 100 and shut off the engine 104 by actuating the ignition key, button, or switch.

[0100] The shore power sensor 308 indicates whether the vehicle 100 receives shore power via the socket 154.

[0101] Discharge pressure sensor 312 measures (e.g., in the discharge line) the pressure of the refrigerant output by compressor 204. The pressure of the refrigerant output by compressor 204 can be referred to as the discharge pressure.

[0102] Liquid line temperature sensor 314 measures the temperature of the liquid refrigerant output from condenser HEX 212 (e.g., in the liquid line). The temperature of the refrigerant output from condenser HEX 212 can be referred to as the liquid line temperature. Control module 260 can determine a subcooling value based on the liquid line temperature. The control module can determine the refrigerant charge level based on the subcooling value. Although an example location of liquid line temperature sensor 314 is shown, liquid line temperature sensor 314 can be located at another location in the refrigerant path from condenser HEX 212 to evaporator HEX 276 (and eutectic plate 324) where liquid refrigerant is present.

[0103] Suction pressure sensor 316 measures (e.g., in the suction line) the pressure of the refrigerant input to compressor 204. The pressure of the refrigerant input to compressor 204 may be referred to as suction pressure.

[0104] Suction temperature sensor 318 measures (e.g., in the suction line) the temperature of the refrigerant input to compressor 204. The temperature of the refrigerant input to compressor 204 may be referred to as the suction temperature. Control module 260 can determine the superheat value at compressor 204. Control module 260 can detect and / or predict the presence of liquid backflow based on the superheat value.

[0105] The return air temperature sensor 320 measures the temperature of the air input to the evaporator HEX 276. The temperature of the air input to the evaporator HEX 276 may be referred to as the return air temperature (RAT). One return air temperature sensor may be set for each group of one or more evaporator HEX units and one or more eutectic plates.

[0106] The plate temperature sensor 324 measures the temperature of the eutectic plate 268. The temperature of the eutectic plate 268 can be referred to as the plate temperature.

[0107] The cabinet temperature sensor 328 measures the temperature inside the refrigerated compartment 128. The temperature inside the refrigerated compartment 128 may be referred to as the cabinet temperature. One or more cabinet temperature sensors may be set up to measure the cabinet temperature in each different part of the refrigerated compartment 128.

[0108] Ambient temperature sensor 332 measures the temperature of the ambient air at the location of vehicle 100. This temperature may be referred to as the ambient air temperature. In various implementations, control module 260 may receive the ambient air temperature from engine control module (ECM) that controls actuators of engine 104.

[0109] Door position sensor 336 indicates whether door 132 is closed or open. An indication that door 132 is open may mean that door 132 is at least partially open (i.e., not closed), while an indication that door 132 is closed may mean that door 132 is fully closed. One or more door position sensors may be provided for each door leading to the refrigerated space 128.

[0110] The cabin door sensor 340 indicates whether the cabin door has been commanded to lock or unlock. The pilot can command the unlocking and locking of the cabin door, for example, via a wireless key card. As described above, when the pilot commands the cabin door to unlock, the control module 260 can actuate the unlock actuator 136 to unlock the door leading to the refrigerated compartment 128. When the pilot commands the cabin door to lock, the control module 260 can actuate the lock actuator 140 to lock the door leading to the refrigerated compartment 128.

[0111] Battery sensor 344 measures characteristics of the batteries in battery pack 120, such as voltage, current, and / or temperature. In various implementations, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and / or a temperature sensor may be provided for each battery in battery pack 120.

[0112] Discharge line temperature sensor 352 measures (e.g., in the discharge line) the temperature of the refrigerant output by compressor 204. The temperature of the refrigerant output by compressor 204 may be referred to as discharge line temperature (DLT). In various implementations, discharge line temperature sensor 352 may provide the DLT to driver 127, and driver 127 may transmit the DLT to control module 260.

[0113] The sensors described herein can be analog or digital sensors. In the case of analog sensors, the analog signals generated by the sensor can be sampled and digitized (e.g., by control module 260, driver 127, or other control modules) to generate digital values ​​corresponding to the sensor's measurement results. In various implementations, vehicle 100 may include a combination of analog and digital sensors. For example, ignition sensor 304, shore power sensor 308, and door position sensor 336 may be digital sensors. Exhaust pressure sensor 312, intake pressure sensor 316, return air temperature sensor 320, plate temperature sensor 324, box temperature sensor 328, ambient temperature sensor 332, battery sensor 344, and exhaust line temperature sensor 352 may be analog sensors.

[0114] As discussed further below, the control module 260 controls the actuators of the refrigeration system 124 based on various measurement parameters, indications, set points, and other parameters.

[0115] For example, control module 260 can control motor 216 of compressor 204 via driver 127. Control module 260 can control condenser fan 220. Condenser fan 220 can be at a fixed speed, and control module 260 can control condenser fan 220 to be turned on or off. Alternatively, condenser fan 220 can be variable speed, and control module 260 can determine a speed setpoint for condenser fan 220, and control condenser fan 220 based on the speed setpoint, for example, by applying a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal to condenser fan 220.

[0116] Control module 260 can also control EVI valve 232. For example, control module 260 can control EVI valve 232 to open to enable EVI or control EVI valve 232 to close to disable EVI. In the example where expansion valve 236 is an EXV, control module 260 can control the opening of expansion valve 236.

[0117] Control module 260 can also control plate control valve 244. For example, control module 260 can control plate control valve 244 to open to allow refrigerant to flow through eutectic plate 268, or to close to prevent refrigerant from flowing through eutectic plate 268. In an example where expansion valve 264 is an EXV, control module 260 can control the opening of expansion valve 264.

[0118] Control module 260 can also control evaporator control valve 248. For example, control module 260 can control evaporator control valve 248 to open so that refrigerant flow can pass through evaporator HEX 276, or control evaporator control valve 248 to close so that refrigerant flow cannot pass through evaporator HEX 276. In the example where expansion valve 272 is EXV, control module 260 can control the opening of expansion valve 272.

[0119] Control module 260 can receive a signal indicating whether HPCO 262 has tripped (open circuit). When HPCO 262 has tripped, control module 260 can take one or more remedial measures, such as closing one, more, or all of the aforementioned valves and / or disconnecting one, more, or all of the aforementioned fans. When the discharge pressure of compressor 204 is greater than a predetermined pressure, control module 260 can generate an output signal indicating that HPCO 262 has tripped. After HPCO 262 shuts down in response to the discharge pressure dropping below the predetermined pressure, control module 260 can enable operation of refrigeration system 124. In various implementations, control module 260 can also require one or more operating conditions to be met after HPCO 262 shuts down but before enabling operation of refrigeration system 124.

[0120] The control module can control the evaporator fan 280. The evaporator fan 280 can be at a fixed speed, and the control module 260 can control the evaporator fan 280 to turn on or off. Alternatively, the evaporator fan 280 can be variable speed, and the control module 260 can determine a speed setpoint for the evaporator fan 280, and control the evaporator fan 280 based on the speed setpoint, for example, by applying a PWM signal to the evaporator fan 280.

[0121] When using CPR valve 288 and CPR valve 288 is an electronic CPR valve, control module 260 can also control CPR valve 288. For example, control module 260 can actuate CPR valve 288 to limit the suction pressure during startup and then open CPR valve 288.

[0122] The control module 260 can also control the operation of the defrosting device 180 by activating or deactivating the defrosting device 180.

[0123] Control module 260 can also control switches 162 and 166. For example, when the ignition system of vehicle 100 is disconnected and shore power is connected to vehicle 100 via socket 154, control module 260 can switch switch 162 from the closed state to the open state and switch 166 from the open state to the closed state. When the ignition system of vehicle 100 is turned on, control module 260 can switch switch 162 from the open state to the closed state and switch 166 from the closed state to the open state. This may be the case regardless of whether shore power is connected to vehicle 100. For example, switches 162 and 166 can be active switches, so control module 260 can ensure that switches 162 and 166 are not both in the closed state at the same time.

[0124] In various implementations, switches 162 and 166 can be passive devices configured to have opposite open and closed states depending on whether shore power is connected to vehicle 100. For example, when shore power is connected to vehicle 100, switch 166 can switch to the closed state and switch 162 can switch to the open state. When shore power is not connected to vehicle 100, switch 166 can switch to the open state and switch 162 can switch to the closed state.

[0125] Figure 6A An example of control module 260 is shown, which includes mode module 400, load module 402, shore power module 404, engine module 406, battery module 408, compressor module 410, condenser module 412, evaporator module 414, and valve module 416. Modules 260, 400, 402, 404, 404, 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, and 416 access data stored in memory 418. The data includes parameters 420 that are detected, measured, and calculated. The memory may be independent of and / or included within control module 260. References are made below. Figure 7 The operation of modules 260, 400, 402, 404, 404, 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, and 416 is described in the implementation of Figure 12.

[0126] As an alternative Figure 6B Another example of a control module 260 is shown, which includes a mode module 400, a load module 402, and an execution module 405. Figure 6A One or more of modules 404, 406, 408, 410, 412, and 414 can be implemented as a single module and / or circuit, such as Figure 6B As shown in 405. In this alternative embodiment, it may be less than Figure 6AAs shown and described below, multiple compressor signals (e.g., COMP1, COMP2, COMP3), multiple condenser fan signals (e.g., COND1, COND2, COND3), and multiple evaporator fan signals EVAP1, EVAP2, EVAP3 are generated. The execution module 405 can directly generate signals COMP, COND, and EVAP based on input parameters (e.g., suction pressure, chamber temperature, ambient temperature, door position, compressor load, etc.).

[0127] Figure 7 A driver 127 is shown that can receive power from a DC source 700, such as the battery pack 120 or battery charger 158 of FIG. 1, an AC-to-DC converter 155, a rectifier connected to and / or receiving utility power, a solar panel 172, and / or other DC sources. One or more of the DC sources (shown as other DC sources 701) can be directly connected to and supply DC voltage to the DC bus 714. The DC source 700 can be implemented within the driver 127. The driver 127 includes a charging circuit 702, relays and switches 703, EMI and transient protection circuitry 704, a choke coil 706, a bidirectional converter 708, and an inverter 710 that outputs AC power to the compressor 204.

[0128] Charging circuit 702 may include one or more relays, relay drive circuits, and current limiting elements (CLEs). CLEs may include resistors, thermistors, or other current limiting elements. Charging circuit 702 controls the power supplied from DC source 700 to EMI and transient protection circuit 704. For example, when driver 127 is initially powered on, charging circuit 702 may place a current limiting resistor in series between DC source 700 and EMI and transient protection circuit 704 to reduce current inrush. This provides protection against current or power spikes that could cause premature failure of various components. Charging circuit 702 may be used to initially charge the capacitors of EMI and transient protection circuit 704 or the capacitors on the DC bus of the driver between the bidirectional converter and inverter. The charging circuit may be divided into three separate charging circuits at the input of each transient protection and EMI circuit to reduce the rated current of the relays and CLEs, potentially saving costs.

[0129] After the initial charging is complete, the charging circuit 702 can close the relay that bypasses the current-limiting resistor. For example, the control module 260 can provide a relay control signal to the relay within the charging circuit 702. In various implementations, the control module 260 can activate the relay control signal to bypass the current-limiting resistor after a predetermined period of time following startup or based on closed-loop feedback indicating that charging is nearing completion.

[0130] The system may include relays and switches 703 and be controlled by control module 260. As further described below, relays and switches 703 can operate in different states for forward and reverse modes. One or more relays and switches may be provided for each phase, and one or more relays and switches are used to direct current away from or to DC source 700.

[0131] The EMI and transient protection circuit 704 filters electromagnetic interference, provides transient voltage protection, provides reverse polarity protection, and provides DC-DC voltage conversion. Examples of each component in the EMI and transient protection circuit 704 are provided in... Figure 8 The diagram shows a specific number of EMI and transient protection circuits for a specific number of phases of driver 127, but a different number of EMI and transient protection circuits may be included. Each of the EMI and transient protection circuits 704 can receive the same DC voltage from charging circuit 702 and is connected to a first ground 712 (e.g., a conductive element connected to the negative battery terminal on the other side of common-mode choke 810. Point 814 is the negative battery terminal). The EMI and transient protection circuits 704 provide a first DC output to DC bus 714 and a second DC output to choke 706, and the EMI and transient protection circuits 704 are connected to a second ground 716 (e.g., reference ground or earth ground, referred to as chassis ground). Choke 706 may be referred to as a second (or boost) choke.

[0132] The EMI and transient protection circuit 704 reduces EMI that might otherwise be injected back onto the DC line from the driver 127. The EMI and transient protection circuit 704 also removes or reduces EMI arriving from the DC source 700. Furthermore, the EMI and transient protection circuit 704 prevents power surges and / or other types of power surges and power drops that may be caused by lightning.

[0133] The choke 706 allows DC current to pass through while blocking high-frequency current. The bidirectional converter 708 can (i) operate as a boost converter in forward mode, supplying current to the DC bus 714, and (ii) operate as a buck converter in reverse mode, receiving current from the DC bus 714. An example of the bidirectional converter 708 is shown in... Figure 9As shown in the figure. In this embodiment, the number of chokes and the number of bidirectional converters are equal to the number of EMI and transient protection circuits 704. The bidirectional converter 708 can be controlled by a control module 260. The control module 260 can be implemented as part of the driver 127, or another control module can be implemented as part of the driver 127, and perform some of the operations disclosed herein as performed by the control module 260. The output of the bidirectional converter 708 is connected to a DC bus 714 and a first ground 712, which in turn are connected to an inverter 710. The DC bus 714 can be connected to and / or power a first or more device other than the inverter 710. The inverter 710 converts DC power into AC power, which is supplied to the compressor 204. The inverter 710 can be connected to and / or power a second or more device other than the compressor 204. The first or more devices and the second or more devices can be located anywhere in the vehicle 100 of FIG. 1. The first or more devices and the second or more devices may include, for example, electric motors, fans, lights, control modules, etc. One or more additional inputs may be connected to a DC bus (e.g., shore power input) and also power the compressor inverter and provide power to charge the battery in the DC source.

[0134] Each phase of driver 127 may include one of EMI and transient protection circuits 704, one of chokes 706, and one of bidirectional converters 708. Each phase may operate in the forward direction to power one or more loads (e.g., compressor 204) or in the reverse direction to charge DC source 700. Control module 260 may control the operation of relays and / or switches 703 and bidirectional converters 708 to control the direction of current from DC source 700 to DC bus 714 or from DC bus 714 to DC source 700 and the direction of current in each phase. Each phase may be controlled independently such that one or more phases supply power to DC bus 714 and one or more phases supply power to DC source 700, and, for example, charge the battery of DC source 700.

[0135] Figure 8 It shows Figure 7This is an example of an EMI and transient protection circuit 704 that can receive power from a charging circuit or a DC source. The EMI and transient protection circuit 704 shown includes a first diode D1 providing reverse polarity protection, followed by a damping circuit 800, which in the shown example includes a first resistor R1 connected in series with a first capacitor C1. An X capacitor C2 (referred to as a cross-line capacitor) is connected downstream of the damping circuit 800. Metal oxide rheostats (MOVs) V1, V2, and V3 are connected downstream of the X capacitor C2 and upstream of a common-mode choke 810, providing ground surge and transient protection. A Y capacitor may, for example, be connected downstream of MOVs V1 and V2 and upstream of MOV V3. Diode D1, resistor R1, capacitor C1, X capacitor C2, MOVs V1 and V2, and MOV V3 are connected in parallel to conductive elements 812 and 814. Conductive elements 812 and 814 are connected to the first and second (or input) branches of the common mode choke 810.

[0136] Capacitors C3 to C10 (referred to as line-to-ground capacitors) are connected downstream of common-mode choke 810. C3, C5, C7, and C9 are connected in series with C4, C6, C8, and C10, respectively, and capacitor pairs C3 and C4, C5 and C6, C7 and C8, and C9 and C10 are connected in parallel. Capacitors C3, C5, C7, and C9 are connected to a third conductive element 820, which is connected to the first output branch of common-mode choke 810. Capacitors C4, C6, C8, and C10 are connected to a fourth conductive element 822, which is connected to the second output branch of common-mode choke 810. Capacitors C3 to C10 are also connected to a central conductive element 824, which is connected to ground (or chassis grounding 716). MOVs V1 and V2 are also connected to the central conductive element 824.

[0137] X capacitor C11 can be connected downstream of capacitors C9 and C10. Y capacitors C3 through C10 can be connected in parallel with X capacitor C11. Capacitors C2 through C11 function as EMI filters. MOVs V4 and V5 can be connected in series and downstream of X capacitor C11. MOVs V4 and V5 are connected to the central conductive element 824. MOV V6 is connected downstream of MOVs V4 and V5. X capacitors C11, MOVs V4 and V5, and MOVs V6 are connected in parallel to conductive elements 820 and 822. MOVs V4 through V6 provide ground surge and transient protection. Although MOVs V1 through V3 and MOVs V4 through V6 are shown, MOVs M1 through M3 or MOVs M4 through M6 can be omitted, thus removing them from the EMI and transient protection circuit 704. Each of capacitors C2 and C11 can be replaced by two or more X capacitors connected in parallel. X capacitors can have different capacitances to further provide a wide frequency response spectrum. Two or more of capacitors C3 through C10 can be replaced by a single capacitor. All of the X capacitors, MOV, and Y capacitors can be connected in parallel and / or series with appropriate components as shown in the diagram. The physical locations of these components can be determined in the layout to maximize performance.

[0138] As shown in the figure, the conductive element 820 can be connected to the choke coil 706, or it can be connected to the charging circuit (see, for example). Figure 11 Rectifier diode D2 can be connected to conductive element 820 and provide output to DC bus 714. X capacitors C2 and C11 are connected to the first ground 712, wherein each of Y capacitors C3 to C10 is connected in series with another capacitor and connected to the second ground 716. Y capacitors C4, C6, C8, and C10 are connected to the first ground 712. The negative battery terminal 814 is connected from the DC source to the negative battery.

[0139] Capacitors C1 through C11 can each have various different capacitances. For example, the values ​​of capacitors C1 through C11 can vary between 1 nanofarad (nF) and 1 microfarad (pF). By connecting different capacitors with different capacitance values ​​in parallel, a wide bandwidth of frequency attenuation is provided. Multiple Y capacitors with different capacitances are provided to cancel out the inductance and attenuate a wide range of frequencies. Capacitor attenuation is due to noise generated by switching, for example, in inverter 710.

[0140] Common-mode choke 810 provides high impedance to common-mode signals to provide EMI filtering and filter the outputs of MOV V1, V2, and V3. Common-mode choke 810 functions as a DC-to-DC voltage converter. Common-mode choke 810 decouples upstream circuitry. Common-mode choke 810 includes an inductor wound on a common magnetic core. Inductor 830 is connected to conductive elements 812, 814 and conductive elements 820, 822.

[0141] Reference Figures 7 to 8 By having multiple independent EMI and transient protection circuits 704, the current supplied to each of the EMI and transient protection circuits 704 is reduced by a factor of the number of EMI and transient protection circuits. In the example shown, the current through each EMI and transient protection circuit is one-third of the total current drawn. The reduced current level allows for the use of smaller and less expensive components. For example, by having three common-mode chokes, one of each of the EMI and transient protection circuits 704 can use a smaller, significantly less expensive common-mode choke. As an example, the common-mode choke 810 can be a 30 to 40 ampere (A) choke, which is much lower than using a single 100A choke. In the implementation, the common-mode choke is a 3A to 35A choke. In the implementation, the common-mode choke is a standard commercial-grade low-cost component, rather than a single high-current custom component. The conductive element 822 of each of the EMI filters at the output of the EMI and transient protection circuits 704 is connected to the same (or common) ground 712. Connecting to a common ground allows the current output of the EMI and transient protection circuit 704 to be summed. The EMI filter involves the use of Y capacitors C3 through C10 and X capacitor C11. The combination of multiple EMI and transient protection circuits reduces inter-phase interaction because the power drawn into the driver 127 is located on the input side of the EMI and transient protection circuits. This allows for impedance decoupling of the individual phases. High-frequency ripple current tends to circulate locally within each phase, rather than circulating between phases at the input of the EMI and transient protection circuits. Compared to single-phase high-current EMI filter methods, this architecture provides a low-cost solution for high-current multiphase drivers with boost converters.

[0142] A rectifier diode D2 provides EMI and transient protection for the silicon carbide components in the 704 circuit. These components can be located downstream of capacitors C3 through C10, such as transistors in the bidirectional converter 708. The rectifier diode D2 is used to bypass inrush current to the DC bus 714. The rectifier diode D2 is normally reverse-biased, and reverse bias does not allow current to flow. A high voltage spike at the DC source 700 forward-biases the diode D2, and current then flows through it, bypassing the bidirectional converter 708 and being supplied to the DC bus 714.

[0143] Figure 9 It shows Figure 1A and Figure 1B The bidirectional converter 708 is a driver 127. The bidirectional converter 708 is configured as a synchronous rectifier and includes transistor pairs T1 and T2, T3 and T4, and T5 and T6, and diode pairs D1 and D2, D3 and D4, and D5 and D6. Diodes D1 to D6 are connected across transistors T1 to T6, respectively. Transistors T1 to T6 are metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), which may be silicon carbide transistors. The gate of the transistors is connected from... Figure 7 The control module 260 receives control signals CTL1, CTL2, and CTL3. The drains of transistors T1, T3, and T5 are connected to the DC bus 714. The sources of transistors T1, T3, and T5 are connected to chokes 706 and the drains of transistors T2, T4, and T6. The sources of transistors T2, T4, and T6 are connected to -Vbus 716, which is decoupled from the input negative battery terminal, for example, through a common-mode choke 810. When operating in forward mode, the three bidirectional converters 708 can be collectively referred to as interleaved boost converters with three interleaved channels (or phases). The outputs of the bidirectional converters 708 are provided to the same DC bus 714.

[0144] During operation, Figure 7 The control module 260 can switch the bidirectional converters 708 such that they are 120° out of phase with each other, and their outputs are timed and phased to minimize ripple current. As an example, and when three phases are present, each phase can be turned on for a corresponding 1 / 3 of the full cycle of the DC bus 714. The on-time of the cycle varies with the boost ratio, Vbus / Vin (Vbat). As described, the control module 260 smooths the power received at the inverter 710 by timing the outputs from each of the bidirectional converters 708. When one of the bidirectional converters 708 is turned on, the lower transistor in the bidirectional converter, such as one of transistors T2, T4, T6, is turned on. At this time, the current in the inductor 706 increases. After a first predetermined time period following the turning on of T2, T4, T6, transistors T2, T4, T6 are turned off, and the upper transistors T1, T3, T5 are turned on, current flows into the DC bus 714 and decays in the inductor 706. This pattern is repeated for a second predetermined time period after T2, T4, and T6 are disconnected and T1, T3, and T5 are turned on. As a result, the signal on the DC bus 714 resembles a triangular wave that is DC biased and does not return to zero, where each phase is summed into the DC bus, and the ripple from each phase is reduced to different degrees based on the boost ratio.

[0145] Figure 9An example is also shown when the bidirectional converter 708 operates in reverse mode and power is supplied from the DC bus 714 back to the DC source 700 to charge, for example, a battery. It receives utilities at socket 154 (or other sockets) and supplies them to… Figure 7 The output of inverter 710 is supplied to DC bus 714 via rectifier 900. Switch 902 can be... Figure 7 The controller 260 controls and is used to control the power transmission between the socket 154 and the inverter 710 or rectifier 900. If Figure 7 The charging circuit 702 has a rectifier, which allows shore power (or utility power) to be supplied to the charging circuit instead of to the inverter 710 or rectifier 900. The shore power can be supplied directly to the DC link, for example, through the rectifier. The compressor and bidirectional converter, as well as the battery in the DC source, can then be powered, for example, from the shore power input.

[0146] When all phases operate in forward mode, transistors T2, T4, and T6 can be turned on, then turned off after a predetermined period, and subsequently transistors T1, T3, and T5 are turned on. When all phases operate in reverse mode, transistors T1, T3, and T5 can be turned on, then turned off after a predetermined period, and subsequently transistors T2, T4, and T6 are turned on. Each phase can be operated independently, such that one or more phases operate in forward mode, while one or more phases operate in reverse mode.

[0147] Figure 10 An example mode selection method for determining whether to operate in engine mode, battery mode, or shore power mode is shown. As an example, during engine mode and shore power mode, Figure 7 The driver 127 can be in either forward or reverse mode depending on whether the battery is charging. As another example, the driver 127 can operate in forward mode during battery mode. The system disclosed herein can be operated in various ways; one example method is provided. The following tasks can be performed iteratively.

[0148] The method may begin at 1050. At 1052, control module 260, mode module 400, and / or load module 402 determine parameters. This may include receiving sensor signals, which include parameters from corresponding sensors, such as intake pressure, shore power connection indication, battery characteristics, door position or status indication, ignition or engine on indication, power supply (e.g., alternator and / or generator) indication, etc. The shore power signal indicates whether the corresponding vehicle is connected to shore power. The battery characteristic signal may indicate, for example, the battery pack (e.g., Figure 3The battery characteristic signal indicates the current charge of one or more cells in the battery pack (120). The battery characteristic signal can also indicate the total charge of the battery pack. The battery characteristic signal can also indicate the voltage of one or more cells and / or the total voltage of the battery pack.

[0149] A door position signal can indicate whether one or more doors of a temperature-controlled enclosure are open or closed. An ignition signal, engine indicator, and / or power indicator can indicate that ignition is activated (i.e., spark is activated), the engine is running, and / or the power is charging the battery pack. An ignition signal can indicate (i) whether the key is in the ignition switch and whether the ignition switch is in the ON position, (ii) whether the vehicle start switch has been pressed and the vehicle is in the ON position, (iii) whether the vehicle start switch is in the ON position, and / or (iv) whether the vehicle's engine is running (i.e., whether the engine's fuel system and ignition system are activated). The vehicle can be in the ON position, and the vehicle's engine can be off. When the engine is off, the vehicle's ignition system is off.

[0150] The load module 402 can receive the chamber temperature, the return air temperature, and signals from corresponding sensors, which indicate the temperature inside the chamber, the return air temperature, and / or the supply air temperature. The load module 402 can determine the compressor's (e.g., Figure 5 The load module 402 can also determine the compressor load based on the compressor's suction pressure and / or discharge pressure. The load module 402 can generate a load signal indicating the load on the compressor. For example, the load can be indicated in cubic feet per minute (CFM) and / or the electrical power drawn by the compressor.

[0151] At 1053, mode module 400 determines whether the intake pressure is greater than a predetermined pressure (e.g., 25 pounds per square inch gauge pressure (psig)). If the intake pressure is greater than the predetermined pressure, task 1054 is executed; otherwise, task 1059 is executed. At 1054, mode module 400 determines whether the state of charge (e.g., charge level such as ampere-hours or a percentage of rated capacity and / or the voltage of the battery pack) is greater than a predetermined value (e.g., if the voltage of the battery pack is greater than 42V). If the state of charge of the battery pack is greater than the predetermined value, task 1055 is executed; otherwise, task 1059 is executed. At 1055, mode module 400 determines whether one or more doors of the enclosure are closed. If one or more doors are open, task 1056 is executed; otherwise, task 1060 is executed. Tasks 1053, 1054, and 1055 may be executed in different orders, simultaneously, and / or within the same time period.

[0152] At position 1056, mode module 400 determines whether compressor 204 is on. If operating in one of shore power mode, engine mode, or battery mode, mode module 400 executes... Figure 10 While continuing to operate in one of the following modes—shore power mode, engine mode, or battery mode—if the compressor is on, execute task 1057; otherwise, execute task 1052.

[0153] At 1057, the mode module 400 determines whether the compressor 204 has been running for a predetermined period (e.g., 3 minutes). If the compressor 204 has been running for the predetermined period, task 1059 is executed; otherwise, task 1058 is executed. This prevents short cycles of the compressor 204.

[0154] At 1058, mode module 400 keeps compressor 204 and condenser fan 220 on, and shuts off evaporator fan 280 and evaporator solenoid valve 248. This directs refrigerant to the eutectic plate instead of evaporator solenoid valve 248. At 1059, compressor 204, evaporator fan 280, and condenser fan 220 are shut off, and evaporator solenoid valve 248 is closed.

[0155] At 1060, mode module 400 determines whether the vehicle is connected to and receiving shore power from a shore power (or utility) source. Shore power can be received at a battery charger, voltage converter, socket, battery, power module, and / or control module 260. Examples of battery chargers, voltage converters, sockets, and batteries are shown in Figure 2. A shore power signal can indicate when power is received at one or more of the battery charger, voltage converter, socket, battery, power module, and / or control module 260. If shore power is received at one or more of the battery charger, voltage converter, socket, battery, power module, and / or control module 260, task 1061 is performed; otherwise, task 1062 is performed.

[0156] If the bidirectional converter is configured as a 3-phase active input, shore power can be supplied directly to the DC bus from the bidirectional converter via, for example, a rectifier, or directly to the DC bus via a compressor inverter operating as a 3-phase active input. This configuration can be achieved using multiple sets of relays. If the power from the shore comes from the compressor inverter, the power can be used to charge the battery, but the compressor may not operate. If the shore power is fed directly into the DC bus, the compressor can operate and the battery can be charged.

[0157] At 1061, control module 260 and mode module 400 operate in shore power mode and generate a signal MODE indicating operation in shore power mode. This may include switching from engine mode or battery mode to shore power mode. The battery is charged using power received from a utility power source. During shore power mode, the suction pressure and chamber temperature of compressor 204 are controlled. This may differ from battery mode and engine mode, during which chamber temperature is controlled and suction pressure may not be controlled.

[0158] At 1062, mode module 400 determines whether the engine is running based on the ignition signal and / or engine indication. If the engine is running, task 1063 is executed; otherwise, task 1064 is executed. Although tasks 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1059, and 1061 are shown as being executed in a specific order, tasks 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1059, and 1061 can be executed simultaneously and / or within the same time period. Mode module 400 can continuously monitor the aforementioned parameters associated with tasks 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1060, and 1062 to enable rapid transition to tasks 1058, 1059, 1061, 1063, and 1064.

[0159] At 1063, control module 260 and mode module 400 operate in engine mode and generate a signal MODE indicating operation in engine mode. This may include switching from shore power mode or battery mode to engine mode. During engine mode, one or more batteries are charged via the engine's power supply (e.g., power supply 112 in Figure 1). Shore power mode and engine mode can be implemented (or operated) simultaneously.

[0160] At 1064, control module 260 and mode module 400 operate in battery mode and generate a signal MODE indicating operation in battery mode. This may include switching from shore power mode or engine mode to battery mode. No battery charging occurs during battery mode. In battery mode, the chamber temperature is maintained by reducing evaporator fan speed, condenser fan speed, and / or compressor speed to minimize battery consumption.

[0161] When operating in shore power mode, engine mode, and battery mode, it can be repeated Figure 10 The method is to determine whether to switch between shore power mode, engine mode and battery mode.

[0162] Figure 11A driver 802 is shown that can receive power from a DC source 800, such as the battery pack 120 or battery charger 158 of FIG. 1, an AC-to-DC converter 155, a rectifier connected to and / or receiving utility power, and / or other DC sources. The DC source 800 can be implemented within the driver 802. The driver 802 includes EMI and transient protection circuitry 804, a charging circuit 805, a choke coil 806, a bidirectional converter 808, and an inverter 810 that outputs AC power to the compressor 204.

[0163] The EMI and transient protection circuit 804 filters electromagnetic interference, provides transient voltage protection, provides reverse polarity protection, and provides DC-DC voltage conversion. Examples of each component in the EMI and transient protection circuit 804 are provided in... Figure 8 As shown in the diagram. Although a specific number of EMI and transient protection circuits are shown for a specific number of phases of driver 802, a different number of EMI and transient protection circuits may be included. Each of the EMI and transient protection circuits 804 receives the same DC voltage from DC source 800 and is connected to a first ground 812 (e.g., a conductive element connected to the negative battery terminal). The EMI and transient protection circuits 804 provide a first DC output to DC bus 814 and a second DC output to charging circuit 805, and the EMI and transient protection circuits 804 are connected to a second ground 816 (e.g., reference ground or earth ground).

[0164] The EMI and transient protection circuit 804 reduces EMI that might otherwise be injected back onto the DC line from the driver 802. The EMI and transient protection circuit 804 also removes or reduces EMI arriving from the DC source 800. Furthermore, the EMI and transient protection circuit 804 prevents power surges and / or other types of power surges and power drops that may be caused by lightning.

[0165] Charging circuit 805 may include one or more relays, relay drive circuits, and current limiting elements (CLEs). CLEs may include resistors, thermistors, or other current limiting elements. Charging circuit 805 controls the power supplied from EMI and transient protection circuit 804 to choke coil 806 and DC bus 814. For example, when driver 802 is initially powered on, charging circuit 802 may place a current limiting resistor in series between EMI and transient protection circuit 804 and choke coil 806 and DC bus 814 to reduce current inrush. This provides protection against current or power spikes that could cause premature failure of various components. Charging circuit 805 can be used to initially charge the capacitors of EMI and transient protection circuit 804 by controlling the amount of current drawn from EMI and transient protection circuit 804.

[0166] After the initial charging is complete, the charging circuit 802 can close the relay that bypasses the current-limiting resistor. For example, the control module 260' can provide a relay control signal to the relay within the charging circuit 802. The control module 260' can interact with... Figure 7 The control module 260 operates similarly. In various implementations, the control module 260' can activate the relay control signal to bypass the current-limiting resistor after a predetermined period of time following startup or based on closed-loop feedback indicating that charging is nearing completion.

[0167] Choke 806 may be referred to as a second (or boost) choke. Choke 806 is used to allow DC current to pass through while blocking high-frequency current. Bidirectional converter 808 can (i) operate as a boost converter in forward mode and supply current to DC bus 814, and (ii) operate as a buck converter in reverse mode and receive current from DC bus 814. Figure 9 An example of a bidirectional converter 808 is shown. In an embodiment, the number of chokes and the number of bidirectional converters are equal to the number of EMI and transient protection circuits 804. The bidirectional converter 808 can be controlled by a control module 260'. The control module 260' can be implemented as part of the driver 802, or another control module can be implemented as part of the driver 802, and perform some of the operations disclosed herein as performed by the control module 260'. The output of the bidirectional converter 808 is connected to a DC bus 814 and a first ground 812, which in turn are connected to an inverter 810. The DC bus 814 can be connected to and / or power a first or more device other than the inverter 810. The inverter 810 converts DC power to AC power, which is supplied to the compressor 204. The inverter 810 can be connected to and / or power a second or more device other than the compressor 204. The first or more devices and the second or more devices can be located anywhere in the vehicle 100 of FIG. 1. The first or more devices and the second or more devices may include, for example, electric motors, fans, lights, control modules, etc.

[0168] The foregoing description is illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit this disclosure, its application, or use. The broad teachings of this disclosure can be implemented in various forms. Therefore, although this disclosure includes specific examples, its true scope should not be limited thereto, as other modifications will become apparent upon examination of the drawings, specification, and appended claims. It should be understood that one or more steps within the method may be performed in a different order (or simultaneously) without altering the principles of this disclosure. Furthermore, although each of the embodiments described above has certain features, any one or more of those features described with respect to any embodiment of this disclosure may be implemented in any other embodiment and / or combined with features of any other embodiment, even if such combination is not explicitly described. In other words, the described embodiments are not mutually exclusive, and substitution of one or more embodiments for each other remains within the scope of this disclosure.

[0169] Various terms are used to describe spatial and functional relationships between components (e.g., between modules, circuit elements, semiconductor layers, etc.), including "connection," "joint," "coupled," "adjacent," "immediately following," "on top," "above," "below," and "set." Unless explicitly stated as "direct," when describing the relationship between the first and second components in the foregoing disclosure, the relationship can be a direct relationship where no other intervening components exist between the first and second components, or an indirect relationship (spatially or functionally) involving one or more intervening components. As used herein, the phrases A, B, and C at least one should be interpreted as meaning the use of a non-exclusive logical OR (A or B or C) logic and should not be interpreted as meaning "at least one of A, at least one of B, and at least one of C."

[0170] In the accompanying drawings, the direction of the arrows, as indicated by the arrows, typically indicates the flow of information important to the illustration, such as data or instructions. For example, when components A and B exchange various information, but the information transmitted from component A to component B is relevant to the illustration, the arrow can point from component A to component B. This unidirectional arrow does not imply that no other information is transmitted from component B to component A. Furthermore, in response to information sent from component A to component B, component B may send a request for the information or a confirmation of receipt of the information to component A.

[0171] In this application, the term "module" or "controller" may be replaced by the term "circuit" where the following definitions apply. The term "module" may refer to, be part of, or include the following: application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC); digital, analog, or mixed-signal analog / digital discrete circuit; digital, analog, or mixed-signal analog / digital integrated circuit; combinational logic circuit; field-programmable gate array (FPGA); processor circuitry (shared, dedicated, or grouped) that executes code; memory circuitry (shared, dedicated, or grouped) that stores code executed by the processor circuitry; other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality; or combinations of some or all of the foregoing, such as in a system-on-a-chip.

[0172] A module may include one or more interface circuits. In some examples, the interface circuits may include wired or wireless interfaces connected to a local area network (LAN), the Internet, a wide area network (WAN), or a combination thereof. The functionality of any given module in this disclosure may be distributed across multiple modules connected via the interface circuits. For example, multiple modules may allow for load balancing. In other examples, a server (also known as a remote or cloud) module may perform some functions on behalf of a client module.

[0173] The term "code," as used above, can include software, firmware, and / or microcode, and can refer to programs, routines, functions, categories, data structures, and / or objects. The term "shared processor circuitry" includes a single processor circuitry that executes some or all of the code from multiple modules. The term "grouped processor circuitry" includes processor circuitry that is combined with other processor circuitry to execute some or all of the code from one or more modules. References to multiple processor circuitry include multiple processor circuitry on a discrete chip, multiple processor circuitry on a single chip, multiple cores of a single processor circuitry, multiple threads of a single processor circuitry, or a combination of the above. The term "shared memory circuitry" includes a single memory circuitry that stores some or all of the code from multiple modules. The term "grouped memory circuitry" includes memory circuitry that is combined with other memory to store some or all of the code from one or more modules.

[0174] The term memory circuit is a subset of the term computer-readable medium. As used herein, the term computer-readable medium does not include transient electrical or electromagnetic signals propagating through a medium (such as on a carrier wave); the term computer-readable medium can therefore be considered tangible and non-transient. Non-limiting examples of non-transient, tangible computer-readable media are non-volatile memory circuits (such as flash memory circuits, erasable programmable read-only memory circuits, or mask read-only memory circuits), volatile memory circuits (such as static random access memory circuits or dynamic random access memory circuits), magnetic storage media (such as analog or digital magnetic tape or hard disk drives), and optical storage media (such as CDs, DVDs, or Blu-ray discs).

[0175] The apparatus and methods described in this application can be implemented, in part or in whole, by a special-purpose computer created by configuring a general-purpose computer to perform one or more specific functions embodied in a computer program. The functional blocks, process components, and other elements described above serve as software descriptions that can be translated into computer programs by the ordinary work of a person skilled in the art or a programmer.

[0176] A computer program includes processor-executable instructions stored on at least one non-transitory tangible computer-readable medium. A computer program may also include or depend on stored data. A computer program may encompass a basic input / output system (BIOS) for interacting with the hardware of a special-purpose computer, device drivers for interacting with specific devices of the special-purpose computer, one or more operating systems, user applications, background services, background applications, etc.

[0177] Computer programs may include: (i) descriptive text to be parsed, such as HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), XML (Extensible Markup Language), or JSON (JavaScript Object Notation); (ii) assembly code; (iii) object code generated from source code by a compiler; (iv) source code for execution by an interpreter; and (v) source code for compilation and execution by a just-in-time (JIT) compiler, etc. As an example only, source code can be written using syntax from languages ​​including: C, C++, C#, Objective-C, Swift, Haskell, Go, SQL, R, Lisp, etc. Fortran, Perl, Pascal, Curl, OCaml, HTML5 (Hypertext Markup Language 5th Edition), Ada, ASP (Dynamic Server Web Pages), PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor), Scala, Eiffel, Smalltalk, Erlang, Ruby, Lua, MATLAB, SIMULINK and

Claims

1. A drive for a mobile compressor, the drive comprising: a plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits, each comprising a plurality of common mode chokes and at least one component, wherein each of the plurality of common mode chokes is configured to receive a first direct current voltage and is connected to a first ground and a second ground, wherein the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits are each configured to receive the first direct current voltage from a same direct current source, wherein the at least one component of each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits is connected to a third ground, and wherein the first ground, the second ground, and the third ground are at different voltage potentials; a second plurality of chokes connected downstream of the plurality of common mode chokes; a plurality of converters connected to outputs of the second plurality of chokes and configured to collectively provide a second direct current voltage to a direct current bus; and an inverter connected to the direct current bus and configured to convert the second direct current voltage to an alternating current voltage to power the mobile compressor downstream of the inverter.

2. The drive of claim 1, wherein: the first ground is a negative battery terminal; the second ground is a negative voltage bus reference for the second direct current voltage; and the third ground is a chassis ground.

3. The driver of claim 1, wherein, each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits comprises an electromagnetic interference filter and a transient protection component connected to the first ground or the second ground.

4. The drive of claim 3, wherein: the electromagnetic interference filter comprises a capacitor; and the transient protection component comprises a varistor.

5. The driver of claim 1, wherein, the plurality of converters are implemented as a plurality of synchronous rectifiers.

6. The drive of claim 5, further comprising a controller configured to control the plurality of synchronous rectifiers such that each of the plurality of converters provides a respective portion of a full cycle of an output signal provided to the inverter, wherein the plurality of synchronous rectifiers collectively provide the output signal on the direct current bus, and wherein the output signal comprises the second direct current voltage.

7. The drive of claim 6, wherein: the plurality of synchronous rectifiers generate respective outputs; and the controller is configured to control the plurality of synchronous rectifiers such that each of the plurality of synchronous rectifiers outputs has a phase shift between the plurality of synchronous rectifiers.

8. The driver of claim 5, wherein, the plurality of synchronous rectifiers are bidirectional and independently controlled to operate in a forward mode to power the mobile compressor and in a reverse mode to charge a direct current power source.

9. The driver of claim 1, wherein, each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits comprises a damping circuit upstream of a corresponding one of the plurality of common mode chokes.

10. The driver of claim 1, wherein, Each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits includes an electromagnetic interference filter upstream of a corresponding one of the plurality of common mode chokes.

11. The driver of claim 1, wherein, Each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits includes one or more transient protection components downstream of a corresponding one of the plurality of common mode chokes.

12. The driver of claim 1, wherein, Each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits includes a plurality of Y capacitors having different capacitances downstream of a corresponding one of the plurality of common mode chokes.

13. The driver of claim 1, wherein, Each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits includes an X capacitor downstream of a corresponding one of the plurality of common mode chokes.

14. The driver of claim 1, wherein, Each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits includes a diode configured to bypass current from a corresponding one of the plurality of common mode chokes to the DC bus such that the current bypasses a corresponding one of the second plurality of chokes and a corresponding one of the plurality of converters.

15. The drive of claim 1, further comprising a charging circuit connected upstream of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits and configured to receive power from a DC power source and charge capacitors of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits.

16. The drive of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of charging circuits downstream of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits, the plurality of charging circuits configured to control transfer of power from the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits to the second plurality of chokes.

17. A drive for a mobile compressor, the drive comprising: a plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits, each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits configured to receive a first DC voltage and the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits connected to a first ground or a second ground, wherein each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits is configured to receive the first DC voltage from the same DC source, wherein each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits includes an electromagnetic interference filter and a transient protection component, wherein the electromagnetic interference filter and the transient protection component are connected to a third ground, and wherein the first ground, the second ground, and the third ground are at different voltage potentials; a first plurality of chokes connected downstream of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits; a plurality of synchronous rectifiers connected to outputs of the first plurality of chokes and configured to collectively provide a second DC voltage to a DC bus; and an inverter configured to convert the second DC voltage to an AC voltage to power the mobile compressor downstream of the inverter.

18. The drive of claim 17, wherein: The first ground is a negative battery terminal; The second ground is a negative voltage bus reference for the second DC voltage; and The third ground is a chassis ground.

19. The drive of claim 17, wherein: The EMI filter includes a capacitor; and The transient protection component includes a varistor.

20. The drive of claim 17, further comprising a controller configured to control the plurality of synchronous rectifiers such that each of the plurality of synchronous rectifiers provides a respective portion of a full cycle of an output signal provided to the inverter, wherein The plurality of synchronous rectifiers collectively provide the output signal on the DC bus, and wherein the output signal includes the second DC voltage.

21. The drive of claim 20, wherein: The plurality of synchronous rectifiers generate respective outputs; and The controller is configured to control the plurality of synchronous rectifiers such that each of the plurality of synchronous rectifiers outputs has a phase shift from the other of the plurality of synchronous rectifiers.

22. The driver of claim 17, wherein, The plurality of synchronous rectifiers are bidirectional and independently controlled to operate in a forward mode to power the mobile compressor and in a reverse mode to charge a DC power source.

23. The driver of claim 17, wherein, Each of the plurality of EMI and transient protection circuits includes a diode configured to bypass current to the DC bus such that the current bypasses a corresponding one of the first plurality of chokes and a corresponding one of the plurality of synchronous rectifiers.

24. The driver of claim 17, wherein, The plurality of EMI and transient protection circuits respectively include a second plurality of chokes.

25. The driver of claim 24, wherein, The second plurality of chokes are common mode chokes.

26. The driver of claim 25, wherein, Each of the plurality of EMI and transient protection circuits includes a damping circuit upstream of a corresponding one of the common mode chokes.

27. The driver of claim 25, wherein, Each of the EMI filters is upstream of a corresponding one of the common mode chokes.

28. The driver of claim 25, wherein, Each of the transient protection components is upstream of a corresponding one of the common mode chokes.

29. The driver of claim 25, wherein, Each of the plurality of EMI and transient protection circuits includes a plurality of Y capacitors having different capacitances downstream of a corresponding one of the common mode chokes.

30. The driver of claim 25, wherein, Each of the plurality of EMI and transient protection circuits includes an X capacitor downstream of a corresponding one of the common mode chokes.

31. The driver of claim 25, wherein, Each of the transient protection components is downstream of a corresponding one of the common mode chokes.

Images