A full-planar perovskite solar module and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a perovskite solar module with a fully planar structure, comprising a substrate, a bottom electrode layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and a top electrode layer. The module also includes multiple sets of mutually parallel P1 grooves, P2 grooves, and P3 grooves, spaced apart from each other. The P1 grooves cut through the bottom electrode layer to expose the substrate, the P2 grooves cut through the top electrode layer and the perovskite light-absorbing layer to expose the bottom electrode layer, and the P3 grooves cut through the top electrode layer to expose the perovskite light-absorbing layer. The P1 grooves are fully filled with a P1 insulating inert layer, the P2 grooves are fully filled with a P2 conductive layer, and the P3 grooves are fully filled with a P3 insulating inert layer. The present invention also discloses a method for preparing the module. The functional layers of the module of the present invention have a fully planar structure, which facilitates close contact between the encapsulation film and the perovskite solar module, exhausting air and avoiding the problem of difficulty in paving the film at the module cutouts during encapsulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of perovskite solar module preparation, and in particular relates to a perovskite solar module with a full-planar structure and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] 3D printing and perovskite solar cells are emerging technologies in recent years, playing important roles in their respective fields. 3D printing uses digital technology to create three-dimensional objects layer by layer using materials such as metal or plastic based on digital models. Perovskite solar cells, a type of thin-film solar cell, use perovskite-type organometallic halide materials as their light-absorbing layer. They have attracted significant attention due to their demonstrated high efficiency and rapid development.

[0003] Perovskite solar panels are made by planar deposition of electrode layers and perovskite light-absorbing layers, and assisted by tangent cutting to divide the complete cell into several units. The units are connected in series or in parallel to form a cell module.

[0004] During the manufacturing process of perovskite solar modules, tangent cutting is required to cut and group the modules. Existing perovskite solar modules are not completely planar after tangent cutting. The presence of tangent grooves easily hinders current transmission. Multiple thin films contact each other at the grooves, forming a variety of complex interfaces that can easily lead to unforeseen problems. Furthermore, the presence of tangent grooves exposes the internal structure of the perovskite solar module to the outside atmosphere, making it more likely to degrade the organic layer materials within the module. Furthermore, the tangent groove structure is non-planar. When encapsulating with EVA film, the presence of the grooves prevents close contact between the film and the surface of the perovskite solar module to expel air. Residual air in the grooves can also contribute to cell degradation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a perovskite solar module with a full-planar structure and a preparation method thereof, which is conducive to the close fit between the encapsulation film and the perovskite solar module to exhaust air, and avoid the problem of difficulty in laying the film at the groove of the module during packaging.

[0006] The present invention is achieved by providing a full-planar perovskite solar module, which comprises a substrate, a bottom electrode layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer and a top electrode layer in order from bottom to top. In the perovskite solar module, a plurality of mutually parallel P1 grooves, P2 grooves and P3 grooves are respectively arranged at intervals. The P1 groove is arranged on the bottom electrode layer, the P1 groove cuts through the bottom electrode layer to expose the substrate, and the P1 groove is filled with a P1 insulating inert layer. The P2 groove and the P3 groove are respectively arranged at intervals. It is arranged on the top electrode layer, the P2 groove cuts off the top electrode layer and the perovskite light-absorbing layer to expose the bottom electrode layer, and the P2 groove is filled with the P2 conductive layer and the P2 conduction layer in layers. The P2 conductive layer is located on the upper part of the P2 conduction layer. The P2 conduction layer is made of the same material as the top electrode layer, the P2 conductive layer, the P2 conductive layer is electrically connected to the top electrode layer on the side wall of the P2 groove, the P3 groove cuts off the top electrode layer to expose the perovskite light-absorbing layer, and the P3 groove is filled with the P3 insulating inert layer.

[0007] The present invention is implemented in this way. It also provides a perovskite solar module with a full-planar structure, whose structure includes, from bottom to top, a substrate, a bottom electrode layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer and a top electrode layer. It is characterized in that a plurality of groups of mutually parallel P1 grooves, P2 grooves and P3 grooves are respectively arranged at intervals in the perovskite solar module, the P1 groove is arranged on the bottom electrode layer, the P1 groove cuts off the bottom electrode layer to expose the substrate, and the P1 groove is filled with a P1 insulating inert layer, the P2 groove and the P3 groove are respectively arranged on the top electrode layer, the P2 groove cuts off the top electrode layer and the perovskite light-absorbing layer to expose the bottom electrode layer, and the P2 groove is filled with a P2 conductive layer, the P2 conductive layer is electrically connected to the top electrode layer on the side wall of the P2 groove, the P3 groove cuts off the top electrode layer to expose the perovskite light-absorbing layer, and the P3 groove is filled with a P3 insulating inert layer.

[0008] The present invention is implemented in this way, and also provides a full-planar structure perovskite solar module, whose structure includes a substrate, a bottom electrode layer, a first transmission layer, a perovskite light absorbing layer, a second transmission layer and a top electrode layer from bottom to top, characterized in that a plurality of mutually parallel P1 grooves, P2 grooves and P3 grooves are respectively arranged at intervals in the perovskite solar module, the P1 groove is arranged on the first transmission layer, the P1 groove cuts off the first transmission layer and the bottom electrode layer to expose the substrate, the P1 groove is filled with a P1 insulating inert layer, the P2 groove and the P3 groove are respectively It is arranged on the top electrode layer, the P2 groove cuts off the top electrode layer, the second transmission layer, the perovskite absorption layer and the first transmission layer to expose the bottom electrode layer, and the P2 groove is filled with the P2 conductive layer and the P2 conduction layer in layers. The P2 conductive layer is located on the upper part of the P2 conduction layer. The P2 conduction layer includes materials for preparing the top electrode layer and the second transmission layer, the P2 conductive layer, and the top electrode layer on the side wall of the P2 groove is electrically connected. The P3 groove cuts off the top electrode layer and the second transmission layer to expose the perovskite absorption layer, and the P3 groove is filled with the P3 insulating inert layer.

[0009] The present invention is implemented in this way. It also provides a full-planar structure perovskite solar module, whose structure includes, from bottom to top, a substrate, a bottom electrode layer, a first transmission layer, a perovskite light absorbing layer, a second transmission layer and a top electrode layer. It is characterized in that a plurality of groups of mutually parallel P1 grooves, P2 grooves and P3 grooves are respectively arranged at intervals in the perovskite solar module, the P1 groove is arranged on the first transmission layer, the P1 groove cuts off the first transmission layer and the bottom electrode layer to expose the substrate, and the P1 groove is filled with a P1 insulating inert layer, the P2 groove and the P3 groove are respectively arranged on the top electrode layer, the P2 groove cuts off the top electrode layer, the second transmission layer, the perovskite light absorbing layer and the first transmission layer to expose the bottom electrode layer, and the P2 groove is filled with a P2 conductive layer, the P2 conductive layer is electrically conductive with the top electrode layer on the side wall of the P2 groove, the P3 groove cuts off the top electrode layer and the second transmission layer to expose the perovskite light absorbing layer, and the P3 groove is filled with a P3 insulating inert layer.

[0010] The present invention is implemented by providing a method for preparing a perovskite solar module with a full-planar structure as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Prepare a bottom electrode layer on the substrate, prepare a P1 groove on the bottom electrode layer; fill the P1 groove with a P1 insulating inert layer;

[0012] Step 2: Prepare a perovskite light-absorbing layer on the bottom electrode layer and the P1 insulating inert layer, and prepare a P2 groove on the perovskite light-absorbing layer; prepare a top electrode layer on the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the P2 groove, and fill the P2 groove with the material for preparing the top electrode layer to form a P2 conductive layer;

[0013] Step 3: preparing a P2 conductive layer on top of the P2 conductive layer at the location of the P2 trench;

[0014] Step 4: Prepare a P3 trench on the top electrode layer and fill the P3 trench with a P3 insulating inert layer.

[0015] The present invention is implemented by providing a method for preparing a perovskite solar module with a full-planar structure as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step (1): preparing a bottom electrode layer on the substrate, preparing a P1 groove on the bottom electrode layer; and filling the P1 groove with a P1 insulating inert layer;

[0017] Step (2), sequentially preparing a perovskite light absorbing layer and a top electrode layer on the bottom electrode layer and the P1 insulating inert layer;

[0018] Step (3), preparing a P2 groove on the top electrode layer, and filling the P2 groove with a P2 conductive layer;

[0019] Step (4): prepare a P3 groove on the top electrode layer and fill the P3 groove with a P3 insulating inert layer.

[0020] The present invention is implemented by providing a method for preparing a perovskite solar module with a full-planar structure as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0021] Step A: a bottom electrode layer and a first transmission layer are sequentially formed on the substrate, a P1 groove is formed on the first transmission layer, and the P1 groove is filled with a P1 insulating inert layer;

[0022] Step B: preparing a perovskite light absorption layer on the first transmission layer and the P1 insulating inert layer, and preparing a P2 groove on the perovskite light absorption layer; preparing a second transmission layer and a top electrode layer on the perovskite light absorption layer and the P2 groove in sequence, and filling the materials for preparing the second transmission layer and the top electrode layer into the P2 groove to form a P2 conductive layer;

[0023] Step C, preparing a P2 conductive layer on top of the P2 conductive layer at the location of the P2 groove;

[0024] Step D: Prepare a P3 trench on the top electrode layer and fill the P3 trench with a P3 insulating inert layer.

[0025] The present invention is implemented by providing a method for preparing a perovskite solar module with a full-planar structure as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0026] Step (I): sequentially preparing a bottom electrode layer and a first transmission layer on a substrate, preparing a P1 groove on the first transmission layer; and filling the P1 groove with a P1 insulating inert layer;

[0027] Step (II), sequentially preparing a perovskite light absorbing layer, a second transport layer and a top electrode layer on the first transport layer and the P1 insulating inert layer;

[0028] Step (III), preparing a P2 trench on the top electrode layer, and filling the P2 trench with a P2 conductive layer;

[0029] Step (IV): prepare a P3 trench on the top electrode layer and fill the P3 trench with a P3 insulating inert layer.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the fully planar perovskite solar module of the present invention and its preparation method have the following characteristics:

[0031] 1. Shorten the transmission path of current / electrons in the component, reduce current loss, and reduce the load on the top electrode;

[0032] 2. It directly avoids the contact between the perovskite light-absorbing layer and water and oxygen in the atmosphere caused by the presence of grooves in the component, and slows down the degradation of materials in the perovskite light-absorbing layer caused by environmental factors;

[0033] 3. The full-plane structure is conducive to the close fit between the encapsulation film and the functional sheet of the perovskite solar module to exhaust all air, avoiding the problem of difficulty in laying the film at the groove of the module during encapsulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic plan view of the internal structure of a perovskite solar module embodiment 1 of the present invention having a full-planar structure;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic plan view of the internal structure of Example 2;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic plan view of the internal structure of Example 3;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic plan view of the internal structure of Example 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] Please refer to Figure 1As shown, the first preferred embodiment of the fully planar perovskite solar module of the present invention comprises, from bottom to top, a substrate 1, a bottom electrode layer 2, a perovskite light-absorbing layer 3, and a top electrode layer 4. Multiple sets of mutually parallel P1 grooves, P2 grooves, and P3 grooves are also spaced apart in the perovskite solar module. The P1 grooves, P2 grooves, and P3 grooves are close to each other. The multiple sets of mutually spaced P1 grooves, P2 grooves, and P3 grooves separate the perovskite solar module into individual perovskite solar sub-components. The dotted lines and arrows in the figure indicate the flow of current in the module.

[0041] The P1 groove is provided on the bottom electrode layer 2 , and the P1 groove cuts through the bottom electrode layer 2 to expose the substrate 1 . The P1 groove is filled with a P1 insulating inert layer 7 to be flush with the top surface of the bottom electrode layer 2 .

[0042] The P2 groove and the P3 groove are respectively arranged on the top electrode layer 4. The P2 groove cuts off the top electrode layer 4 and the perovskite light absorbing layer 3 to expose the bottom electrode layer 2, and the P2 groove is filled with the P2 conductive layer 8 and the P2 conduction layer 9. The P2 conductive layer 8 is located on the upper part of the P2 conduction layer 9. The P2 conduction layer 9 is made of the same material as the top electrode layer 4. The P2 conductive layer 8 located on the upper part of the P2 groove is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer 4. The P2 conductive layer 8 is electrically conductive with the top electrode layer 4 on the sidewall of the P2 groove, and the top electrode layer 4, the P2 conductive layer 8, the P2 conduction layer 9 and the bottom electrode layer 2 are also electrically conductive with each other.

[0043] The P3 trench cuts off the top electrode layer 4 to expose the perovskite light absorbing layer 3. The P3 trench is filled with a P3 insulating inert layer 10 to be flush with the top surface of the top electrode layer 4.

[0044] The materials for the P1 insulating inert layer 7 and the P3 insulating inert layer 10 are polyoxymethylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyvinyl ethyl ether, ethylene propylene copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl carbazole, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polypropylene, polyacrylic acid, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl acrylate, poly(α-cyanobutyl acrylate), polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyisobutylene acrylate, etc. Any one of olefin rubber, polychlorobutadiene, polycis-1,4-isoprene, gutta-percha rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, polycaprolactam, polydecylene formamide, polyhexamethylene adipamide, polyhexamethylene sebacamide, polynonylene urea, polym-phenylene isophthalamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyethylene oxide, poly-2,6-dimethyl-p-phenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, poly[bis(methylamino)phosphazene], poly[bis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene], polydimethylsiloxane, celluloid cellulose, or polydiphenyl ether sulfone.

[0045] The P2 conductive layer 8 is made of any one of polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphthalocyanine, polyaniline or polythiophene.

[0046] As another embodiment, the material for preparing the P2 conductive layer 8 may be a conductive material doped into the material for preparing the P1 insulating inert layer 7 and the P3 insulating inert layer 10. The conductive material is any one of silver powder, copper powder, silver fiber, graphite powder, indium tin oxide powder, indium copper oxide powder, or aluminum oxide copper powder.

[0047] In this embodiment, the P1 insulating inert layer 7 , the P3 insulating inert layer 10 and the P2 conductive layer 8 are respectively processed by any one of a 3D printing filling method, a mask coating method or a silk screen printing method.

[0048] At least one of the bottom electrode layer 2 and the top electrode layer 4 is made of any one of transparent or translucent ITO, FTO, ZTO, or AZO materials. The bottom electrode layer 2 and the top electrode layer 4 can also be made of opaque materials. The opaque material is any one of gold, silver, aluminum, copper, titanium monoxide, ferrosoferric oxide, cuprous oxide, manganese heptoxide, vanadium pentoxide, zinc oxide, zinc-doped indium oxide, molybdenum-doped indium oxide, graphite, graphene, polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphthalocyanine compounds, polyaniline, or polythiophene.

[0049] The substrate 1 is made of any one of glass, aluminum plate, stainless steel plate, ceramic plate or PET film.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] Please refer to Figure 2 FIG. 2 shows a second preferred embodiment of a fully planar perovskite solar module according to the present invention. This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that only the P2 conductive layer 8 is filled into the P2 trench to be flush with the top surface of the top electrode layer, without the P2 conductive layer 9. The P2 conductive layer 8 is electrically conductive to the top electrode layer 4 on the sidewalls of the P2 trench, connecting the top electrode layer 4 and the bottom electrode layer 2 in series.

[0052] The other structures are the same as those in Example 1 and will not be described in detail.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] Please refer to Figure 3As shown, a third preferred embodiment of a fully planar perovskite solar module of the present invention comprises, from bottom to top, a substrate 1, a bottom electrode layer 2, a first transmission layer 5, a perovskite light-absorbing layer 3, a second transmission layer 6, and a top electrode layer 4. Multiple sets of mutually parallel P1 grooves, P2 grooves, and P3 grooves are also spaced apart in the perovskite solar module. The P1 grooves, P2 grooves, and P3 grooves are adjacent to each other. The multiple sets of mutually spaced P1 grooves, P2 grooves, and P3 grooves separate the perovskite solar module into individual perovskite solar sub-units.

[0055] The P1 groove is provided on the first transmission layer 5 , and the P1 groove cuts through the first transmission layer 5 and the bottom electrode layer 2 to expose the substrate 1 . The P1 groove is filled with the P1 insulating inert layer 7 to be flush with the top surface of the first transmission layer 5 .

[0056] The P2 groove and the P3 groove are respectively arranged on the top electrode layer 4. The P2 groove cuts off the top electrode layer 4, the second transport layer 6, the perovskite light absorption layer 3 and the first transport layer 5 to expose the bottom electrode layer 2. The P2 groove is filled with the P2 conductive layer 8 and the P2 conduction layer 9 in layers, and the P2 conductive layer 8 is located on the upper part of the P2 conduction layer 9. The P2 conduction layer 9 includes materials for preparing the top electrode layer 4 and the second transport layer 6. The P2 conductive layer 8 located on the upper part of the P2 groove is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer 4. The P2 conductive layer 8 is electrically conductive with the top electrode layer 4 on the side wall of the P2 groove. The top electrode layer 4, the P2 conductive layer 8, the P2 conduction layer 9 and the bottom electrode layer 2 are also electrically conductive with each other.

[0057] The P3 trench cuts off the top electrode layer 4 and the second transport layer 6 to expose the perovskite light absorbing layer 3. The P3 trench is filled with a P3 insulating inert layer 10 to be flush with the top surface of the top electrode layer 4.

[0058] The materials for preparing the substrate 1, bottom electrode layer 2, perovskite light absorbing layer 3 and top electrode layer 4 are the same as those in Example 1 and are not described in detail. The first transport layer 5 and the second transport layer 6 are materials commonly used for preparing electron transport layers and hole transport layers.

[0059] Example 4

[0060] Please refer to Figure 4 As shown, the fourth preferred embodiment of the perovskite solar module of the present invention has a full-planar structure.

[0061] This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that only the P2 conductive layer 8 is filled in the P2 trench to be flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer, without the P2 conductive layer 9. The P2 conductive layer 8 is electrically connected to the top electrode layer 4 on the sidewall of the P2 trench, connecting the top electrode layer 4 and the bottom electrode layer 2 in series.

[0062] The other structures are the same as those in Example 3 and will not be described in detail.

[0063] Example 5

[0064] Please refer to Figure 1 As shown, the present invention also discloses a method for preparing a perovskite solar module with a full-planar structure as described in the first embodiment, comprising the following steps:

[0065] Step 1: Prepare a bottom electrode layer 2 on the substrate 1, and prepare a P1 groove on the bottom electrode layer 2. The P1 groove cuts through the bottom electrode 2 layer to expose the substrate 1. Fill the P1 groove with a P1 insulating inert layer 7 to make it flush with the top surface of the bottom electrode layer 2.

[0066] Step 2: A perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 is formed on the bottom electrode layer 2 and the P1 insulating inert layer 7. A P2 trench is formed on the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3, which cuts through the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 to expose the bottom electrode layer 2. A top electrode layer 4 is formed on the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 and the P2 trench. The material used to form the top electrode layer 4 is filled into the P2 trench to form the P2 conductive layer 9.

[0067] Step 3: Prepare a P2 conductive layer 8 on top of the P2 conductive layer 9 at the location of the P2 trench. The P2 conductive layer 8 is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer 4 .

[0068] Step 4: Prepare a P3 groove on the top electrode layer 4 , the P3 groove cuts through the top electrode layer 4 to expose the perovskite light absorbing layer 3 , and fills the P3 groove with a P3 insulating inert layer 10 to make it flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer 4 .

[0069] Example 6

[0070] Please refer to Figure 2 As shown, the present invention is implemented as follows: a method for preparing a perovskite solar module with a full-planar structure as described in the previous embodiment 2 is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0071] Step (1): prepare a bottom electrode layer 1 on the substrate, prepare a P1 groove on the bottom electrode layer 1, and cut the bottom electrode layer 2 through the P1 groove to expose the substrate 1. Fill the P1 groove with a P1 insulating inert layer 7 so that it is flush with the top plane of the bottom electrode layer 2.

[0072] Step (2): a perovskite light absorbing layer 3 and a top electrode layer 4 are sequentially prepared on the bottom electrode layer 2 and the P1 insulating inert layer 7.

[0073] Step (3): prepare a P2 groove on the top electrode layer 4, the P2 groove cuts off the top electrode layer 4 and the perovskite light absorbing layer 3 to expose the bottom electrode layer 2, and fills the P2 groove with a P2 conductive layer 8 so that it is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer 4.

[0074] Step (4): prepare a P3 groove on the top electrode layer 4, the P3 groove cuts through the top electrode layer 4 to expose the perovskite light absorbing layer 3, and fills the P3 groove with a P3 insulating inert layer 10 so that it is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer 4.

[0075] Example 7

[0076] Please refer to Figure 3 As shown, the present invention is implemented as follows: a method for preparing a perovskite solar module with a full-planar structure as described in the previous embodiment 3 is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0077] Step A: A bottom electrode layer 2 and a first transmission layer 5 are sequentially formed on a substrate. A P1 groove is formed on the first transmission layer 5. The P1 groove cuts through the first transmission layer 5 and the bottom electrode layer 2 to expose the substrate 1. The P1 groove is filled with a P1 insulating inert layer 7 to be flush with the top surface of the first transmission layer 5.

[0078] Step B: A perovskite light absorption layer 3 is formed on the first transmission layer 5 and the P1 insulating inert layer 7. A P2 groove is formed on the perovskite light absorption layer 3. The P2 groove cuts through the perovskite light absorption layer 3 and the first transmission layer to expose the bottom electrode layer 2. A second transmission layer 6 and a top electrode layer 4 are formed on the perovskite light absorption layer 3 and the P2 groove in sequence. The materials used to prepare the second transmission layer 6 and the top electrode layer 4 are filled into the P2 groove to form the P2 conductive layer 9.

[0079] Step C: preparing a P2 conductive layer 8 on top of the P2 conductive layer 9 at the location of the P2 groove. The P2 conductive layer 8 is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer 4.

[0080] Step D: Prepare a P3 groove on the top electrode layer 4. The P3 groove cuts off the top electrode layer 4 and the second transport layer 6 to expose the perovskite light absorption layer 3. Fill the P3 groove with a P3 insulating inert layer 10 to make it flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer 4.

[0081] Example 8

[0082] Please refer to Figure 4 As shown, the present invention is implemented as follows: a method for preparing a perovskite solar module with a full-planar structure as described in the fourth embodiment is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0083] Step (I): A bottom electrode layer 2 and a first transmission layer 5 are sequentially formed on the substrate. A P1 groove is formed on the first transmission layer 5. The P1 groove cuts through the first transmission layer 5 and the bottom electrode layer 2 to expose the substrate 1. The P1 groove is filled with a P1 insulating inert layer 7 to be flush with the top surface of the first transmission layer 5.

[0084] Step (II): a perovskite light absorbing layer 3, a second transport layer 6 and a top electrode layer 4 are sequentially prepared on the first transport layer 5 and the P1 insulating inert layer 7.

[0085] Step (III): prepare a P2 groove on the top electrode layer 4. The P2 groove cuts through the top electrode layer 4, the second transport layer 6, the perovskite light absorbing layer 3 and the first transport layer 5 to expose the bottom electrode layer 2. The P2 groove is filled with a P2 conductive layer 8 so that it is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer 4.

[0086] Step (IV): prepare a P3 groove on the top electrode layer 4. The P3 groove cuts off the top electrode layer 4 and the second transport layer 6 to expose the perovskite light absorbing layer 3. The P3 groove is filled with a P3 insulating inert layer 10 so that it is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer 4.

[0087] The following is a further explanation of the method for preparing the perovskite solar module with a full-planar structure according to the present invention through specific examples.

[0088] Example 9

[0089] Please refer to Figure 3 As shown, the fifth embodiment of the method for preparing a fully planar perovskite solar module of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0090] Step 11: The substrate 1 is glass, on which a 200nm thick layer of ITO is deposited as the bottom electrode layer 2. A 50nm thick zinc dioxide electron transport layer is deposited on top of the ITO as the first transport layer 5. A laser is used to cut multiple equally spaced P1 grooves into the first transport layer 5. The laser energy is adjusted so that the groove depth of the P1 grooves is slightly greater than the 250nm thickness. The ITO is removed from the bottom of the P1 grooves, exposing the glass surface. Polypropylene material is printed in the P1 grooves using 3D printing technology as the P1 insulating inert layer 7. If any protrusions are visible on the printed area, they are then trimmed and leveled with a laser.

[0091] Step 12: A 500nm thick perovskite film is then deposited on the zinc dioxide as the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3. A laser is used to cut a P2 trench on one side of the P1 trench (as long as the P1 and P2 trenches do not completely overlap). The cutting depth of the P2 trench can range from 550nm to 750nm. The perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 and the zinc dioxide are removed from the bottom of the P2 trench, exposing the ITO surface.

[0092] Step 13: A 30nm-thick PTAA thin film hole transport layer is then deposited on the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 as the second transport layer 6. A 100nm-thick silver electrode is deposited on the PTAA film as the top electrode layer 4. Finally, a laser is used to cut a P3 groove near the P2 groove (as long as the P3 groove and the P2 groove do not completely overlap). The P3 cutting depth can range from 130nm to 600nm. The silver electrode and PTAA film are removed from the bottom of the P3 groove, exposing the perovskite film surface. A polyaniline material is 3D-printed on top of the silver electrode at the location of the P2 groove as the P2 conductive layer 8. Any raised areas are trimmed and leveled using a laser. Polyvinyl methyl ether is 3D-printed in the P3 groove as the P3 insulating inert layer 10. Any raised areas are trimmed and leveled using a laser.

[0093] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fully planar perovskite solar module, comprising, from bottom to top, a substrate, a bottom electrode layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and a top electrode layer, characterized in that: In the perovskite solar module, multiple groups of mutually parallel P1 grooves, P2 grooves and P3 grooves are respectively arranged at intervals. The P1 groove is arranged on the bottom electrode layer. The P1 groove cuts off the bottom electrode layer to expose the substrate. The P1 groove is filled with a P1 insulating inert layer so that it is flush with the top plane of the bottom electrode layer. The P2 groove and the P3 groove are respectively arranged on the top electrode layer. The P2 groove cuts off the top electrode layer and the perovskite light-absorbing layer to expose the bottom electrode layer. The P2 groove is filled with a P2 conductive layer and a P2 conduction layer in layers. The P2 conductive layer is located on the upper part of the P2 conduction layer. The P2 conduction layer is made of the same material as the top electrode layer. The P2 conductive layer located on the upper part of the P2 groove is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer. The P2 conductive layer is electrically conductive with the top electrode layer on the side wall of the P2 groove. The P3 groove cuts off the top electrode layer to expose the perovskite light-absorbing layer. The P3 groove is filled with a P3 insulating inert layer so that it is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer.

2. A fully planar perovskite solar module, comprising, from bottom to top, a substrate, a bottom electrode layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and a top electrode layer, characterized in that: In the perovskite solar cell module, multiple groups of mutually parallel P1 grooves, P2 grooves and P3 grooves are respectively arranged at intervals. The P1 groove is arranged on the bottom electrode layer. The P1 groove cuts through the bottom electrode layer to expose the substrate. The P1 groove is filled with a P1 insulating inert layer so that it is flush with the top plane of the bottom electrode layer. The P2 groove and the P3 groove are respectively arranged on the top electrode layer. The P2 groove cuts through the top electrode layer and the perovskite light-absorbing layer to expose the bottom electrode layer. The P2 groove is filled with a P2 conductive layer so that it is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer. The P2 conductive layer is electrically connected to the top electrode layer on the side wall of the P2 groove. The P3 groove cuts through the top electrode layer to expose the perovskite light-absorbing layer. The P3 groove is filled with a P3 insulating inert layer so that it is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer.

3. A fully planar perovskite solar module, comprising, from bottom to top, a substrate, a bottom electrode layer, a first transmission layer, a perovskite light absorbing layer, a second transmission layer, and a top electrode layer, characterized in that: In the perovskite solar cell module, multiple groups of mutually parallel P1 grooves, P2 grooves and P3 grooves are respectively arranged at intervals. The P1 groove is arranged on the first transmission layer, and the P1 groove cuts off the first transmission layer and the bottom electrode layer to expose the substrate. The P1 groove is filled with a P1 insulating inert layer so that it is flush with the top plane of the first transmission layer. The P2 groove and the P3 groove are respectively arranged on the top electrode layer. The P2 groove cuts off the top electrode layer, the second transmission layer, the perovskite light absorbing layer and the first transmission layer to expose the bottom electrode layer. The groove is filled with a P2 conductive layer and a P2 conduction layer in layers. The P2 conductive layer is located on the upper part of the P2 conduction layer. The P2 conduction layer includes materials for preparing a top electrode layer and a second transmission layer. The P2 conductive layer located on the upper part of the P2 groove is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer. The P2 conductive layer is electrically connected to the top electrode layer on the side wall of the P2 groove. The P3 groove cuts off the top electrode layer and the second transmission layer to expose the perovskite light absorption layer. The P3 groove is filled with a P3 insulating inert layer to make it flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer.

4. A fully planar perovskite solar module, comprising, from bottom to top, a substrate, a bottom electrode layer, a first transmission layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a second transmission layer, and a top electrode layer, characterized in that: In the perovskite solar cell module, multiple groups of mutually parallel P1 grooves, P2 grooves and P3 grooves are respectively arranged at intervals. The P1 groove is arranged on the first transmission layer. The P1 groove cuts off the first transmission layer and the bottom electrode layer to expose the substrate. The P1 groove is filled with a P1 insulating inert layer so that it is flush with the top plane of the bottom electrode layer. The P2 groove and the P3 groove are respectively arranged on the top electrode layer. The P2 groove cuts off the top electrode layer, the second transmission layer, the perovskite light absorption layer and the first transmission layer to expose the bottom electrode layer. The P2 groove is filled with a P2 conductive layer so that it is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer. The P2 conductive layer is electrically connected to the top electrode layer on the side wall of the P2 groove. The P3 groove cuts off the top electrode layer and the second transmission layer to expose the perovskite light absorption layer. The P3 groove is filled with a P3 insulating inert layer so that it is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer.

5. The full-planar perovskite solar module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The materials for preparing the P1 insulating inert layer and the P3 insulating inert layer are polyoxymethylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyvinyl ethyl ether, ethylene propylene copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl carbazole, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polypropylene, polyacrylic acid, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl acrylate, poly(α-cyanobutyl acrylate), polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyisobutylene acrylate, etc. Any one of rubber, polychlorobutadiene, polycis-1,4-isoprene, gutta-percha rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, polycaprolactam, polydecylene formamide, polyhexamethylene adipamide, polyhexamethylene sebacamide, polynonylene urea, polym-phenylene isophthalamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyethylene oxide, poly-2,6-dimethyl-p-phenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, poly[bis(methylamino)phosphazene], poly[bis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene], polydimethylsiloxane, celluloid cellulose, and polydiphenyl ether sulfone.

6. The full-planar perovskite solar module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The P2 conductive layer is made of any one of polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphthalocyanine, polyaniline or polythiophene.

7. A method for preparing a fully planar perovskite solar module according to claim 1, 5 or 6, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Prepare a bottom electrode layer on the substrate, and prepare a P1 groove on the bottom electrode layer; fill the P1 groove with a P1 insulating inert layer so that it is flush with the top plane of the bottom electrode layer; Step 2: Prepare a perovskite light-absorbing layer on the bottom electrode layer and the P1 insulating inert layer, and prepare a P2 groove on the perovskite light-absorbing layer; prepare a top electrode layer on the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the P2 groove, and fill the P2 groove with the material for preparing the top electrode layer to form a P2 conductive layer; Step 3: Prepare a P2 conductive layer on top of the P2 conductive layer at the location of the P2 trench, and the P2 conductive layer is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer; Step 4: Prepare a P3 trench on the top electrode layer, and fill the P3 trench with a P3 insulating inert layer so that it is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer.

8. A method for preparing a fully planar perovskite solar module according to claim 2, 5 or 6, characterized in that: The steps include: Step (1), preparing a bottom electrode layer on the substrate, and preparing a P1 groove on the bottom electrode layer; filling the P1 groove with a P1 insulating inert layer so that it is flush with the top plane of the bottom electrode layer; Step (2), sequentially preparing a perovskite light absorbing layer and a top electrode layer on the bottom electrode layer and the P1 insulating inert layer; Step (3), preparing a P2 groove on the top electrode layer, and filling the P2 groove with a P2 conductive layer so that the P2 groove is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer; Step (4): prepare a P3 groove on the top electrode layer, and fill the P3 groove with a P3 insulating inert layer so that the P3 groove is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer.

9. A method for preparing a fully planar perovskite solar module according to claim 3, 5 or 6, characterized in that: The steps include: Step A: sequentially forming a bottom electrode layer and a first transmission layer on a substrate, forming a P1 groove on the first transmission layer; and filling the P1 groove with a P1 insulating inert layer to make it flush with the top plane of the first transmission layer. Step B: preparing a perovskite light absorption layer on the first transmission layer and the P1 insulating inert layer, and preparing a P2 groove on the perovskite light absorption layer; preparing a second transmission layer and a top electrode layer on the perovskite light absorption layer and the P2 groove in sequence, and filling the materials for preparing the second transmission layer and the top electrode layer into the P2 groove to form a P2 conductive layer; Step C: forming a P2 conductive layer on top of the P2 conductive layer at the location of the P2 groove, so that the P2 conductive layer is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer; Step D: Prepare a P3 groove on the top electrode layer, and fill the P3 groove with a P3 insulating inert layer so that the P3 groove is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer.

10. A method for preparing a fully planar perovskite solar module according to claim 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that: The steps include: Step (I): sequentially preparing a bottom electrode layer and a first transmission layer on a substrate, and preparing a P1 groove on the first transmission layer; and filling the P1 groove with a P1 insulating inert layer so that the groove is flush with the top surface of the first transmission layer; Step (II), sequentially preparing a perovskite light absorbing layer, a second transport layer and a top electrode layer on the first transport layer and the P1 insulating inert layer; Step (III), preparing a P2 groove on the top electrode layer, and filling the P2 groove with a P2 conductive layer so that the P2 conductive layer is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer; Step (IV): prepare a P3 groove on the top electrode layer, and fill the P3 groove with a P3 insulating inert layer so that the P3 groove is flush with the top plane of the top electrode layer.

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