A subsequent filling mining method with centralized ore drawing in the medium-deep hole rock drilling stage

Abstract

A subsequent filling mining method for medium-deep hole rock drilling with stage centralized ore drawing divides the ore block into several sublevels in the vertical direction through the waist roadway. Medium-deep holes are drilled from the cross-cut roadway or the waist roadway until the adjacent sublevel height of the ore block is penetrated. In the medium-deep holes, electronic detonators can be used to blast one sublevel height of the blasting area at one time. After the blasting and ore collection, waste plastic hollow pipes are placed in the goaf as a compensation space. Then, tailings filling pipes are laid into the goaf through the upper cross-cut roadway. By adopting the above method, the invention reduces the number of blasts and greatly improves the blasting efficiency. The fragmented ore after blasting slides into the lower cross-cut roadway by its own weight. Due to the adoption of the above blasting method, it is ensured that the ore produced after each blast is much higher than that of the traditional blasting method. By simultaneously operating multiple mucking machines, the ore drawing efficiency is improved, and at the same time, various safety hazards brought by the long-term and multiple entries and exits of workers into the stope are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a subsequent filling mining method with centralized ore drawing in the medium-deep hole rock drilling stage. Background Art

[0002] At present, the most commonly used mining methods for mining steeply inclined (dip angle greater than 55°) thin ore veins in most small and medium-sized mines in China are the shrinkage stoping method and the sublevel room-and-pillar method. In the shrinkage stoping method, a series of ore drawing funnels are arranged at the bottom of the ore vein, and the next operation space is left by controlling the ore drawing amount. Mining workers enter the reserved ore heap for rock drilling and blasting operations, and the ore block is mined in multiple cycles from bottom to top; the sublevel room-and-pillar method divides the ore block into several sublevels and uses the room-and-pillar method for stoping, leaving ore pillars to support the surrounding rock, and uses shallow hole caving to extract the ore room.

[0003] 1. The main disadvantages of the shrinkage stoping method are as follows:

[0004] a. Poor safety. During the process of mining an ore block, mining workers need to enter and exit the stope dozens or hundreds of times. Working repeatedly under the exposed ore and rock for a long time, the probability of roof fall and rib spalling accidents is high. In addition, if the personnel and equipment on the ore heap in the stope are not timely contacted and withdrawn during ore drawing from the bottom funnel, it will cause casualties and equipment damage.

[0005] b. Low mechanization level and high labor intensity. Mining workers need to repeatedly carry in and out of the stope drills, explosives, bolts, etc., which is time-consuming, laborious and inefficient, and is not conducive to the development of mechanized operations.

[0006] c. It is difficult to control ground pressure management, and the ore block mining cycle is long. Before the end of mining an ore block, filling cannot be carried out to control ground pressure, and there are relatively large potential safety hazards.

[0007] 2. The main disadvantages of the sublevel room-and-pillar method: a. High ore loss rate. Some ore pillars cannot be mined later, resulting in relatively large ore losses. b. Low mechanization level, high labor intensity and low production efficiency, especially these disadvantages are more obvious when mining thin ore veins. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention provides a subsequent filling mining method with centralized ore drawing in the medium-deep hole rock drilling stage to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, which can improve the mining and ore drawing efficiency, realize mechanized mining, and at the same time ensure the personal safety of mining workers and avoid mining workers from repeatedly entering and exiting the stope.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention first proposes a subsequent filling mining method with centralized ore drawing in the medium-deep hole rock drilling stage, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Divide the ore block along the strike of the ore vein.

[0011] The upper drift along the vein and the lower drift along the vein are arranged along the strike of the ore vein. An across-vein raise is driven between the upper drift along the vein and the lower drift along the vein. The across-vein raise connects the upper drift along the vein and the lower drift along the vein. The upper drift along the vein, the lower drift along the vein and the across-vein raise divide the ore vein into multiple ore blocks;

[0012] Step 2: Divide the sectional height of the ore block in the vertical direction.

[0013] A waist drift is driven between adjacent across-vein raises along the strike of the ore vein. The waist drift connects the adjacent across-vein raises. The waist drift divides the ore block into multiple sections in the vertical direction. The spacing between the upper drift along the vein and the waist drift, between adjacent waist drifts, and between the waist drift and the lower drift along the vein is the sectional height of the ore block. The sectional height of the ore block matches the designed depth of the medium-deep holes (the designed depth of the medium-deep holes here is related to the occurrence of the ore block, the stage height, and the drilling depth of the medium-deep hole drill). The width of the waist drift matches the horizontal thickness of the ore vein;

[0014] Step 3: Drive the ore-drawing bottom drift.

[0015] Determine the length of the blasting area along the direction of the ore vein according to the ore quantity collected each time. Drive the ore-drawing bottom drift parallel to the lower drift along the vein. The ore-drawing bottom drift is provided with tracks and ore cars. The ore-drawing bottom drift is connected to the outside. Drive multiple mucking channels between the ore-drawing bottom drift and the drift along the vein. The mucking channels connect the ore-drawing bottom drift and the lower drift along the vein. Multiple mucking channels are arranged in each blasting area. Install a mucking machine in each mucking channel;

[0016] Step 4: Drilling and blasting.

[0017] Construct medium-deep holes in the blasting area. The medium-deep holes can be upward medium-deep holes or downward medium-deep holes. The medium-deep holes respectively penetrate between the upper drift along the vein and the waist drift, between adjacent waist drifts, and between the waist drift and the lower drift along the vein. The medium-deep holes are arranged at the boundary of the ore vein. The medium-deep holes are arranged along the strike of the ore vein and the inclination angle of the medium-deep holes matches the inclination angle of the ore vein. Multiple medium-deep holes are arranged in parallel. After the drilling of the medium-deep holes is completed, insert electronic detonators with lengths matching the depths of the medium-deep holes into the medium-deep holes. The blasting sequence is from bottom to top; the blasted ore accumulates in the lower drift along the vein due to its own weight;

[0018] Step 5: Ore drawing and transportation. Multiple mucking machines operate simultaneously and load into ore cars through the mucking machines;

[0019] Step 6: Ground pressure control.

[0020] After the ore in the blasting area is collected, a goaf is formed in the blasting area. Construct a retaining wall between the lower drift along the vein and the goaf to isolate the two. Fill the compensation space of the goaf with hollow pipes, and conduct tailings filling or waste rock cement filling to the remaining area of the goaf through the tailings filling pipe laid in the upper drift along the vein.

[0021] In this embodiment, in step one, the length of the ore block is 40 - 50 m, and the length * width of the cross-section of the cross-cut raise is 2.5 m * 2.0 m.

[0022] In this embodiment, in step two, the sectional height is 10 - 15 m.

[0023] In this embodiment, in step two, the height of the waist roadway is 2.5 m - 3.0 m.

[0024] In this embodiment, in step three, the length of the mucking channel is 4.5 m - 5.5 m, and the width is 2.5 m.

[0025] In this embodiment, in step four, the spacing between adjacent medium-deep holes on the same side is 0.6 - 1.0 m.

[0026] In this embodiment, in step six, the hollow pipe is a waste plastic hollow pipe discarded in the mine.

[0027] Due to the adoption of the above method, according to the ore block occurrence or stage height, etc., the ore block is divided into several sections in the vertical direction by the construction of the waist roadway. The sectional height is matched with the drilling depth of the medium-deep hole drill. Medium-deep holes are constructed from the cross-cut roadway or the waist roadway until the adjacent sectional height of the ore block is penetrated. In the medium-deep holes, electronic detonators can be used to blast one sectional height of the blasting area at one time, reducing the number of blasts and greatly improving the blasting efficiency. The fragmented ore after blasting slides into the lower cross-cut roadway by its own weight. Due to the adoption of the above blasting method, it is ensured that the ore produced after each blast is much higher than the traditional blasting method. Therefore, a plurality of mucking channels are arranged to connect between the lower cross-cut roadway and the ore-drawing bottom roadway. One mucking machine is arranged in each mucking channel to load the ore, so that the loaded ore directly falls into the empty ore car. A train of ore cars consisting of 8 ore cars can be loaded simultaneously by 3 mucking machines, and a train of ore cars can be filled in 3 - 4 minutes. After the filled train group drives out, another empty train group drives in to continue working, which can increase the ore-drawing efficiency by several times. Compared with the traditional rock loader loading a single ore car and returning, the ore-drawing efficiency is 0.3 - 0.5 tons / minute, and the ore-drawing efficiency of this scheme is 2 - 3 tons / minute, and the ore-drawing efficiency is increased by more than 5 times; the ore output of a single ore block by the traditional mining method is 15 - 25 tons / day, and the ore output of a single ore block in this scheme is 100 - 150 tons / day, and the ore output of a single ore block is increased by more than 6 times. Moreover, through mechanized construction, the number of times of workers entering the stope is reduced, ensuring the personal safety of the workers.

[0028] At the end of the ore block, a cross-cut raise is first constructed. The cross-cut raise serves as the free face and compensation space for the first blasting. After the blasted ore is loaded, a retaining wall is constructed in the underlying vein roadway. The retaining wall isolates the mined-out area from the blasting area. Waste plastic hollow pipes are placed in the mined-out area as the compensation space. Then, through the upper cross-cut roadway, tailings filling pipes are laid into the mined-out area to quickly fill the mined-out area with tailings, so as to timely control the ground pressure and avoid various safety hazards brought by the long-term and multiple entries and exits of workers into the stope. Workers only operate in the cross-cut roadway, waist roadway, bottom ore-drawing roadway, and mucking machine position (roadway), which greatly improves safety. Especially in areas where the ore and rock are unstable, the safety can still be well guaranteed. Description of the Drawings

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the ore block of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the ore vein of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the blasting area of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 It is a layout diagram of the mucking machine of the present invention.

[0033] Explanation of the reference numerals in the drawings: 1. Upper cross-cut roadway; 2. Lower cross-cut roadway; 3. Cross-cut raise; 4. Waist roadway; 5. Medium-deep hole; 6. Retaining wall; 7. Hollow pipe; 8. Tailings; 9. Filling pipe; 10. Bottom ore-drawing roadway; 11. Mucking passage; 12. Ore vein boundary; 13. Mined-out area; 14. Mucking machine; 15. Ore car. Detailed Implementation Manner

[0034] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that those of ordinary skill in the art can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions results in contradictions or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0036] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, the present invention includes a subsequent filling mining method with centralized ore drawing during the medium-deep hole drilling stage, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: Divide the ore block along the ore vein trend,

[0038] As Figure 1 shown, the upper drift 1 and the lower drift 2 are arranged along the strike of the ore vein. A crosscut raise 3 is driven between the upper drift 1 and the lower drift 2. The crosscut raise 3 connects the upper drift 1 and the lower drift 2. The upper drift 1, the lower drift 2 and the crosscut raise 3 divide the ore vein into multiple ore blocks. The length of the ore block is 40 - 50m. The cross-sectional length * width of the crosscut raise 3 is 2.5m * 2.0m, which is used for personnel passage, ventilation, and hoisting mining equipment and materials;

[0039] Step two: Divide the sectional height of the ore block in the vertical direction,

[0040] As Figure 1 shown, a waist drift 4 is driven between adjacent crosscut raises 3 along the strike of the ore vein. The waist drift 4 connects the adjacent crosscut raises 3. The waist drift 4 divides the ore block into multiple sections in the vertical direction. The spacing between the upper drift 1 and the waist drift 4, between adjacent waist drifts 4, and between the waist drift 4 and the lower drift 2 is the sectional height of the ore block. An upper section of the ore block is formed between the upper drift 1 and the waist drift 4, a middle section of the ore block is formed between adjacent waist drifts 4, and a lower section of the ore block is formed between the waist drift 4 and the lower drift 2. The sectional height matches the designed depth of the medium-length hole 5 (the depth of the medium-length hole 5 is calculated based on the occurrence of the ore block, the stage height, and the amount of ore mined each time). The sectional height is generally preferably between 10 - 15m (for example: when the stage height of the mine is 25m, only one waist drift 4 needs to be driven, and the upper and lower sectional heights are 11m and 14m respectively). The width of the waist drift 4 matches the horizontal thickness of the ore vein. The height of the waist drift 4 is 2.5m - 3.0m. The waist drift 4 is mainly used for the operation space and ventilation of driving upward medium-length holes 5, and also serves as a safety exit;

[0041] Step three: Drive an ore-drawing bottom drift 10,

[0042] As Figure 2 shown, determine the length of the blasting area along the strike of the ore vein according to the amount of ore mined each time (generally 3 - 5m). Determine the length of the blasting area along the strike of the ore vein according to the amount of ore mined each time. Drive an ore-drawing bottom drift 10 parallel to the lower drift 2. The ore-drawing bottom drift 10 is provided with tracks and ore cars 15. The ore-drawing bottom drift 10 communicates with the outside. Drive a plurality of mucking channels 11 between the ore-drawing bottom drift 10 and the drift. The mucking channels 11 connect the ore-drawing bottom drift 10 and the lower drift 2. A plurality of mucking channels 11 are arranged in each blasting area. A mucking machine 14 is arranged in each mucking channel 11. The length of the mucking channel 11 is designed according to the model of the mucking machine 14, generally 4.5m - 5.5m, and the width is 2.5m. The mucking channel 11 is perpendicular to the ore-drawing bottom drift 10 and the lower drift 2;

[0043] Step four: Drilling and blasting,

[0044] As Figure 3 , 4 shown, in the blasting area, medium-deep holes 5 are constructed. The medium-deep holes 5 can be upward medium-deep holes 5 or downward medium-deep holes 5, and are selected according to different ore block conditions (the upward medium-deep holes 5 refer to the sequential construction from the lower crosscut roadway 2 upwards, and the downward medium-deep holes 5 refer to the sequential construction from the upper crosscut roadway 1 downwards). The medium-deep holes 5 respectively penetrate through between the upper crosscut roadway 1 and the waist roadway 4, between adjacent waist roadways 4, and between the waist roadway 4 and the lower crosscut roadway 2. The medium-deep holes 5 are arranged at the ore vein boundary 12, the medium-deep holes 5 are arranged along the ore vein strike, and the inclination angle of the medium-deep holes 5 matches the ore vein inclination angle. A plurality of medium-deep holes 5 are arranged in parallel. The spacing between adjacent medium-deep holes 5 on the same side is 0.6 - 1.0 m. The number of medium-deep holes 5 in the upper section of the ore block is more than that in the lower section. After the drilling of the medium-deep holes 5 is completed, electronic detonators with lengths matching the depths of the medium-deep holes 5 are inserted into the medium-deep holes 5, and the blasting sequence is from bottom to top; the blasted ore accumulates in the lower crosscut roadway 2 due to its own weight;

[0045] Step Five: Ore drawing and transportation,

[0046] As Figure 4 shown, multiple mucking machines 14 operate simultaneously. The empty ore car group 15 enters the ore drawing bottom roadway 10 and is loaded into the ore car 15 through the mucking machines 14. This ore drawing method allows multiple mucking machines 14 to operate simultaneously, which not only has high efficiency but also has a safe and reliable working environment, avoiding the disadvantage of the low efficiency of the traditional ore car group loading one by one, and the loading efficiency is more than 5 times higher than the traditional one. After the empty ore car group 15 is filled, it is transported by the electric locomotive to the designated position for unloading;

[0047] Step Six: Ground pressure management,

[0048] As Figure 1 shown, after the ore in the blasting area is collected, a goaf 13 is formed in the blasting area. A retaining wall 6 is constructed between the goaf 13 and the blasting area in the lower crosscut roadway 2 to isolate the two. Hollow pipes 7 are filled in the compensation space of the goaf 13. Here, the hollow pipes 7 can be waste plastic hollow pipes 7 discarded in the mine. On the one hand, the hollow pipes 7 prevent the subsequent tailings 8 filling from squeezing the ore vein to be blasted, and on the other hand, they reserve a free face and a compensation space for the ore vein to be blasted; finally, the remaining area of the goaf 13 is filled with tailings 8 through the tailings 8 filling pipe 9 laid in the upper crosscut roadway 1 to control the ground pressure. Mines without a tailings 8 filling system can also use waste rock cemented filling. In all the above steps, for the spaces where personnel and equipment enter and exit, bolt-net support is adopted to ensure safety.

[0049] Adopting the above solution: 1. Safe and reliable. The setting of the medium-deep holes 5 enables the entire blasting of the set blasting area within the ore block in one blast, resulting in a large amount of ore produced after blasting. With multiple mucking machines 14 operating simultaneously, the loading efficiency is high. This avoids various safety hazards brought about by the long-term and multiple entries and exits of operating personnel into the stope. Moreover, the operating personnel only work in the crosscut, waist roadway 4, ore-drawing bottom roadway 10, and mucking passage 11, greatly improving safety. Especially in areas where the ore and rock are unstable, the safety can still be well guaranteed. 2. High efficiency. The traditional rock loader loads a single ore car 15 in a return trip, with an ore-drawing efficiency of 0.3 - 0.5 tons / minute. The ore-drawing efficiency of this solution is 2 - 3 tons / minute, and the ore-drawing efficiency is increased by more than 5 times. The traditional mining method has an ore output of 15 - 25 tons / day for a single ore block. This solution has an ore output of 100 - 150 tons / day for a single ore block, and the ore output of a single ore block is increased by more than 6 times.

[0050] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any equivalent structural transformation made under the concept of the present invention by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields, is included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A subsequent filling mining method with centralized ore drawing in the medium-deep hole rock drilling stage, characterized in that, Specifically, it includes the following steps: Step 1: Divide ore blocks along the strike of the ore vein. The upper drift (1) and the lower drift (2) are arranged along the strike of the ore vein. An across-stope raise (3) is driven between the upper drift (1) and the lower drift (2). The across-stope raise (3) connects the upper drift (1) and the lower drift (2). The upper drift (1), the lower drift (2) and the across-stope raise (3) divide the ore vein into multiple ore blocks. Step 2: Divide the sectional height of the ore block in the vertical direction. A waist drift (4) is driven between adjacent across-stope raises (3) along the strike of the ore vein. The waist drift (4) connects the adjacent across-stope raises (3). The waist drift (4) divides the ore block into multiple sections in the vertical direction. The spacing between the upper drift (1) and the waist drift (4), between adjacent waist drifts (4), and between the waist drift (4) and the lower drift (2) is the sectional height of the ore block. The sectional height of the ore block matches the designed depth of the medium-deep hole (5). The width of the waist drift (4) matches the horizontal thickness of the ore vein. Step 3: Drive an ore-drawing bottom drift (10). The ore-drawing bottom drift (10) is driven parallel to the lower drift (2). The ore-drawing bottom drift (10) is provided with tracks and ore cars (15). The ore-drawing bottom drift (10) communicates with the outside. A plurality of mucking channels (11) are driven between the ore-drawing bottom drift (10) and the drift. The mucking channels (11) connect the ore-drawing bottom drift (10) and the lower drift (2). The length of the blasting area is determined along the ore vein direction according to the ore quantity collected each time, ensuring that there are multiple mucking channels (11) in each blasting area. A mucking machine (14) is arranged in each mucking channel (11). Step 4: Drilling and blasting. Medium-deep holes (5) are constructed in the blasting area. The medium-deep holes (5) can be upward medium-deep holes (5) or downward medium-deep holes (5). The medium-deep holes (5) penetrate between the upper drift (1) and the waist drift (4), between adjacent waist drifts (4), and between the waist drift (4) and the lower drift (2) respectively. The medium-deep holes (5) are arranged at the ore vein boundary (12). The medium-deep holes (5) are arranged along the strike of the ore vein and the inclination angle of the medium-deep holes (5) matches the inclination angle of the ore vein. A plurality of medium-deep holes (5) are arranged in parallel. After the drilling of the medium-deep holes (5) is completed, electronic detonators with lengths matching the depths of the medium-deep holes (5) are inserted into the medium-deep holes (5). The blasting sequence is from bottom to top. The blasted ore accumulates in the lower drift (2) due to its own weight. Step 5: Ore drawing and transportation. Multiple mucking machines (14) operate simultaneously and load into the ore cars (15) through the mucking machines (14). Step 6: Ground pressure control. After the ore in the blasting area is collected, a goaf (13) is formed in the blasting area. A retaining wall (6) is constructed between the lower drift (2) and the blasting area to isolate the two. Hollow pipes (7) are filled in the compensation space of the goaf (13). Tailings (8) are filled into the remaining area of the goaf (13) through the tailings (8) filling pipes (9) laid in the upper drift (1) or cemented filling with waste rock.

2. The sublevel medium-deep hole rock drilling stage centralized ore drawing subsequent filling mining method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 1, the length of the ore block is 40 - 50 m, and the cross-section of the cross-cut raise (3) has a length * width of 2.5 m * 2.0 m.

3. The sublevel medium-deep hole rock drilling stage centralized ore drawing and subsequent filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 2, the sublevel height is 10 - 15 m.

4. The sublevel medium-deep hole rock drilling stage centralized ore drawing and subsequent backfilling mining method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 2, the height of the cross-heading (4) is 2.5 m - 3.0 m.

5. The sublevel medium-deep hole rock drilling stage centralized ore drawing and subsequent backfilling mining method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 3, the length of the mucking channel (11) is 4.5 m - 5.5 m, and the width is 2.5 m.

6. The sublevel medium-deep hole rock drilling stage centralized ore drawing and subsequent backfilling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 4, the spacing between adjacent medium-deep holes (5) on the same side is 0.6 - 1.0 m.

7. The sublevel medium-deep hole rock drilling stage centralized ore drawing and subsequent backfilling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 6, the hollow pipe (7) is a waste plastic hollow pipe (7) discarded in the mine.

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