An ultrasonic phased array transducer, a scanning device and a detection system

Abstract

The present invention relates to an ultrasonic phased array transducer, a scanning device and a detection system. The ultrasonic phased array transducer of the present invention adopts a plurality of small-sized wafers to form an annular array. The wafer groups all adopt PZT / epoxy resin 1-3 structural composite materials. Any number of adjacent wafers can be excited to work simultaneously to generate a virtual transducer, which can detect the small crack defects of a hollow axle. The virtual transducer can generate sound beams with different circumferential detection directions, and can also realize the deflection of the circumferential flaw detection sound beam. Through the virtual transducer, the sound field of the circumferential part of the hollow axle can be completely covered, and the small cracks near the surface of the hollow axle can be effectively detected comprehensively, preventing the occurrence of axle cutting accidents of the hollow axle due to the missed detection of small crack defects, and ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the hollow axle of the EMU in railway transportation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of railway transportation, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic phased array transducer, a scanning device and a detection system. Background Art

[0002] In the prior art, the axle is an important running component of railway locomotives and vehicles, and plays a crucial role in transportation safety. The axles of railway vehicles will exhibit fatigue behavior due to increased load and operating time. The axle is made of high-strength steel and is designed to have a service life of 40 to 50 years, but the axle may fail due to fatigue before reaching the designed service life. A broken axle fault may cause a whole train to derail, posing a great threat to public safety. The main harmful defects of the axle during operation are fatigue cracks on the outer surface and fatigue propagation of internal material defects. If these defects are not detected in time, it is easy to cause the axle to break, resulting in serious train accidents.

[0003] Currently, most railway axle detection technologies use traditional ultrasonic technology or magnetic particle testing. Traditional multi-channel ultrasonic flaw detectors use multiple conventional ultrasonic transducers and adopt a spiral feed scanning method to rotate and detect the entire axle to achieve the detection of hollow axles. However, since the probe group in the rotary stepping mode rotates at a high speed inside the hollow axle, it is extremely easy to cause the probes on the probe group to be worn. The long-term operation of the rotary motor, slip rings and electrical components will lead to an increase in the failure rate, and regular maintenance and replacement are required, resulting in an increase in maintenance costs. At the same time, due to the mechanical rotation method of the traditional method, phenomena such as poor probe coupling and uneven probe contact will occur, thus affecting the accuracy and stability of detection, resulting in low flaw detection efficiency and large defect quantification errors. In addition, traditional ultrasonic detection imaging systems have disadvantages such as large blind areas and poor signal-to-noise ratios, and it is difficult to obtain good image resolutions over the entire detection range and depth. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an ultrasonic phased array transducer, a scanning device and a detection system to solve the above problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] An ultrasonic phased array transducer includes a cylindrical or frustum-shaped backing body, a piezoelectric layer and a matching layer.

[0006] Wherein, the piezoelectric layer is arranged between the side surface of the backing body and the matching layer.

[0007] The piezoelectric layer includes several composite wafers, and each composite wafer includes a plurality of small wafers with positive electrode surfaces arranged side by side independently and negative electrode surfaces connected. The several composite wafers are arranged at intervals on the side surface of the backing body to form an annular array.

[0008] A positive lead is provided between the piezoelectric layer and the side surface of the backing body, and a negative lead is provided between the piezoelectric layer and the matching layer.

[0009] In the aspect and any possible implementation described above, a further implementation is provided. The composite wafer includes multiple small wafers with positive surfaces arranged side by side independently and negative surfaces connected. The length of the composite wafer is 10 - 20 mm, and the width is 0.1 - 1 mm.

[0010] In the aspect and any possible implementation described above, a further implementation is provided. The thickness of the matching layer is 50 - 150 microns.

[0011] In the aspect and any possible implementation described above, a further implementation is provided. The length of the composite wafer is 15 mm, the width is 0.65 mm, and it is made of PZT / epoxy resin material.

[0012] In the aspect and any possible implementation described above, a further implementation is provided. The diameter of the cylindrical backing body is 20 - 30 mm.

[0013] The present invention also provides an ultrasonic phased array scanning device. The ultrasonic phased array scanning device includes front and rear fixing brackets and at least three ultrasonic phased array transducers as described in the present invention. Among them, two frustum - shaped ultrasonic phased array transducers are arranged opposite to each other and fixed by the rear fixing bracket; a cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer is arranged at a certain distance from the frustum - shaped ultrasonic phased array transducer and fixed by the front fixing bracket.

[0014] In the aspect and any possible implementation described above, a further implementation is provided. It further includes a seal and an oil scraper plate, both arranged between the front fixing bracket and the cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer.

[0015] In the aspect and any possible implementation described above, a further implementation is provided. An isolation pad is provided between the rear fixing bracket and the frustum - shaped ultrasonic phased array transducer, between the frustum - shaped ultrasonic phased array transducer and the cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer, and between the cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer and the front fixing bracket.

[0016] The present invention also provides a detection system for detecting the axle of a vehicle. The detection system includes a feeding module, a control module, and the ultrasonic phased array scanning device described in the present invention. Among them, the feeding module is connected to drive the ultrasonic phased array scanning device to move in the cavity of the axle, and the control module controls the movement of the feeding module.

[0017] In the aspects and any possible implementation manners described above, a further implementation manner is provided, which further includes a push rod and a screw. The ultrasonic phased array scanning device is fixed on the push rod through the screw, and the feeding module includes a chain, and the chain is connected to the ultrasonic phased array scanning device.

[0018] Advantages of the present invention

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] For the ultrasonic phased array transducer and the scanning device of the present invention, the ultrasonic phased array transducer adopts a plurality of small-sized wafers to form an annular array. The wafer groups all adopt PZT / epoxy resin 1-3 structural composite materials. Any number of adjacent wafers can be excited to work simultaneously to generate a virtual transducer, which can detect small crack defects on a hollow axle. The virtual transducer can generate sound beams in different circumferential detection directions, and can also realize the deflection of the circumferential flaw detection sound beam. Through the virtual transducer, the sound field of the circumferential part of the hollow axle can be completely covered. The cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer can generate a circumferential direct-incidence phased sound beam array, and the frustum-shaped ultrasonic phased array transducer can generate an axial oblique-incidence phased sound beam array. By selecting an appropriate number of wafers, the generated virtual transducer can generate multiple sound beams with various angle deflections in the circumferential and axial directions, which can efficiently realize the full coverage of the sound field on the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow axle, and can comprehensively and effectively detect small cracks on the near surface of the hollow axle, preventing the occurrence of axle cutting accidents of the hollow axle due to the missed detection of small crack defects, and ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the hollow axle of the EMU in railway transportation. Description of the drawings

[0021] Figs. 1(a) and 1(b) are respectively schematic structural diagrams of the ultrasonic phased array transducer in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic phased array scanning device in the hollow axle in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the detection system in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic phased array scanning device passing through and scanning inside the axle in the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0025] For a better understanding of the technical solution of the present invention, the content of the present invention includes but is not limited to the specific embodiments described below. Similar technologies and methods should be regarded as falling within the scope of protection of the present invention. To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] It should be clear that the embodiments described in the present invention are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] The terms used in the embodiments of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The singular forms "a", "the" and "said" used in the embodiments of the present invention and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0028] As shown in Figures 1(a) and 1(b), the overall framework of the present invention is presented. The ultrasonic phased array transducer of the present invention, Figure 1(a) shows a cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer, and Figure 1(a) shows a circumferential direct-incidence phased array, that is, a frustum-shaped ultrasonic phased array transducer, which is an axial oblique-incidence phased array. All of them include a cylindrical or frustum-shaped backing body 1, a piezoelectric layer, and a matching layer 2. Among them, the piezoelectric layer is arranged between the side surface of the backing body 1 and the matching layer 2; the piezoelectric layer includes several composite wafers 3, and each composite wafer includes multiple small wafers with positive electrode surfaces arranged side by side independently and negative electrode surfaces connected together. The several composite wafers are arranged at intervals on the side surface of the backing body to form an annular array; a positive electrode lead is arranged between the piezoelectric layer and the side surface of the backing body 1, and a negative electrode lead is arranged between the piezoelectric layer and the matching layer 2. Each composite wafer 3 adopts a 1-3 structure composite material of PZT / epoxy resin. Considering the change in the curvature of the composite wafer 3, during production, first, the 1-3 structure composite material wafer is cut to obtain multiple small wafers with the positive electrode surface cut open and all the negative electrode surfaces connected together and having a specific geometric shape. The small wafer has only one vibration direction, that is, the thickness vibration mode dominates. The cut small wafers are welded with 0.05 mm enameled wire using an electric soldering iron on the positive electrode wafer side. The composite wafer is a whole before and after production. At the beginning of production, multiple small wafers are cut on the positive electrode surface of a large piezoelectric wafer, and the negative electrode surface is not cut and is connected. After such production is completed, it will not be cut into completely independent multiple small wafers, nor will the independent small wafers be bonded one by one. What is obtained after cutting is still each small wafer with the negative electrode surface connected, that is, the composite wafer is still a whole, which can control the spacing and size of the small wafers during production, is beneficial to the production of the overall transducer, and meets the control of high production accuracy. The length of each composite wafer is 10 - 20 mm, and the width is 0.1 - 1 mm. In order to make the sound beam directivity good and the energy of the main sound beam large, it is matched with the sound field of the steel material used for the hollow shaft to be inspected.Preferably, the length of the composite wafer is 15 mm and the width is 0.65 mm. Then, the positive electrode surface of the composite wafer 3 is bonded to the side surface of the cylindrical or frustum-shaped backing layer 1 using Araldite AV138MV998 epoxy adhesive. A positive electrode lead is provided and led out between the positive electrode surface and the side surface. After the epoxy adhesive is completely dry, the negative electrode surface of the composite wafer 3 is bonded to the matching layer 2. To ensure impedance matching and allow the energy of the transducer to better enter the steel, thereby improving the sensitivity of the ultrasonic phased array transducer and its ability to detect defects, the thickness of the matching layer 2 is set between 50 - 150 microns, preferably 130 microns. A negative electrode is led out between the negative electrode surface of the composite wafer 3 and the matching layer 2 using a 2-micron-thick copper foil, and then the negative electrode is welded out. To bond the composite wafer and facilitate and meet the requirements of the bending curvature of the composite wafer, and to avoid cracking of the composite wafer during bonding of the bending curvature, a cylindrical or frustum-shaped backing block with a diameter of 20 - 30 mm is selected. In the present invention, a backing block with a diameter of 28 mm is preferably cut into 4 parts. Each part is completed in sequence according to the above steps. Finally, the 4 cut parts are bonded together respectively to form a circumferential direct-incidence longitudinal wave phased array transducer as shown in Fig. 1(a), that is, a cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer; and the conical phased array transducer is bonded according to this method to form an axial oblique-incidence phased array transducer as shown in Fig. 1(b), that is, a frustum-shaped ultrasonic phased array transducer, and the positive and negative electrode leads are connected in sequence.

[0029] Preferably, as Figure 2 shown, the present invention also provides an ultrasonic phased array scanning device 19. The ultrasonic phased array scanning device 19 includes front and rear fixing brackets and at least three ultrasonic phased array transducers. The upper bottom surfaces of two frustum-shaped ultrasonic phased array transducers 8 are arranged face to face, that is, the upper bottom surfaces of the two frustum-shaped ultrasonic phased array transducers 8 are arranged opposite to each other. This arrangement facilitates the detection of defects at different positions, and this structure can better improve the ability to detect defects, and is fixed using the rear fixing bracket 6; one end of another cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer 9 is arranged at a certain distance from the frustum-shaped ultrasonic phased array transducer 8, and the other end is fixed using the front fixing bracket 11. A rear seal 7 is provided between the rear fixing bracket 6 and the two frustum-shaped ultrasonic phased array transducers 8. The seal 7 is used to seal the coupling agent or coupling oil to ensure good coupling between the scanning device and the inner wall of the hollow shaft during use and reduce the deviation of the results caused by poor coupling. The combination of two frustum-shaped and one cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducers forms a scanning device. The two frustum-shaped ultrasonic phased array transducers are used as a set of shear wave probes, and one cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer is used as a shear wave probe. The longitudinal wave probe is used to detect circumferential defects, and the shear wave probe is used to detect axial defects. The scanning device formed by the combination of the two can comprehensively measure the defects of the hollow shaft.

[0030] Preferably, the embodiments of the present invention further include a sealing ring and an oil scraping plate 10, which are arranged between the front fixing bracket 11 and the cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer 9. The sealing ring and the oil scraping plate 10 can effectively remove foreign matters on the inner wall surface of the hollow shaft when the scanning device 19 extends into the hollow shaft. When the scanning device 19 is withdrawn, the excess oil in the hollow shaft can be scraped off, which can reduce misjudgment caused by foreign matters and improve the flaw detection effect.

[0031] Preferably, isolation pads 22 are arranged between the rear fixing bracket 6 and the frustum-shaped ultrasonic phased array transducer 8, between the frustum-shaped ultrasonic phased array transducer 8 and the cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer 9, and between the cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer 9 and the front fixing bracket 11 in the embodiments of the present invention, for preventing signal crosstalk and isolating interference between transducers. Figure 2 The left and right arrows in the figure indicate that the ultrasonic phased array scanning device 19 can move left and right in the shaft hole of the hollow axle. The axle includes an outer diameter 12 of the hollow shaft and an inner diameter 13 of the hollow shaft. Only by moving the ultrasonic phased array scanning device 19 left and right can the internal and surface defects of the hollow axle be detected, and it is not necessary to rotate the ultrasonic phased array transducers 8 and 9. The ultrasonic phased array transducers 8 and 9 have good damping effects and relatively short waveform durations, and have better resolution, which is very beneficial for flaw detection of internal defects and external fatigue cracks of the hollow axle, and the final imaging is relatively clear, which can better enable the inspectors to accurately find the actual defects. At the same time, the ultrasonic phased array flaw detection analysis software can automatically analyze and automatically make an equivalent comparison of the defect size, and automatically determine whether the detected defect exceeds the standard, so that the on-site operators can better obtain effective axle damage information in a short time, reducing the operation time in the detection process and improving the detection efficiency. The ultrasonic phased array scanning transducers 8 and 9 are connected to the push rod 4 by bolts 5. Before that, the connection between the transducers 8 and 9 and the chain 21 is fixed. The chain 21 drives the push rod 4 and the ultrasonic phased array scanning device 19 to move forward or backward. The chain 21 is driven by the mechanical structure of the feeding mechanism. The push rod 4 is composed of three tubes with different diameters, and the diameter changes from small to large during the detection process. The signal line is connected to the ultrasonic phased array instrument 15 in the feeding mechanism, and the electric control part 16 controls the mechanical movement of the feeding mechanism.

[0032] Preferably, as Figure 3 shown, the embodiments of the present invention further provide a detection system for detecting the axle of a vehicle. The detection system includes a feeding module, a control module, and an ultrasonic phased array scanning device 19, wherein the feeding module is connected to drive the ultrasonic phased array scanning device 19 to move in the cavity or hollow shaft of the axle, and the control module controls the movement of the feeding module.

[0033] Preferably, in the embodiment of the present invention, the feeding module includes a chain 21, and the chain 21 is connected to the ultrasonic phased array scanning device 19. Currently, the inner diameter specification of the hollow axle is from 30 mm to 80 mm. In order to make the ultrasonic phased array transducer better fit the inner wall of the hollow axle and reduce the situation of poor coupling, etc., when designing the ultrasonic phased array transducer, it is necessary to consider that the overall transducer matches the inner diameter of the hollow axle. Assemble the prepared components. First, pass a long screw through the screw fixing hole 14 and fix the front fixing bracket 11. Then put on the sealing ring and the oil scraping plate 10, and put on the isolation pad 22. The isolation pad 22 is used to prevent the ultrasonic phased array transducer from contacting the front protection fixing bracket 11 during installation and prevent signal crosstalk. Install and fix the cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer 9. Next, install and fix the two frustum-shaped ultrasonic phased array transducers 8, the seal 7 and the rear fixing bracket 6 in sequence. Finally, put on the connecting bolt 5 and lock it to form the ultrasonic phased array scanning device 19. Connect the ultrasonic phased array scanning device 19 to the push rod 4 through the connecting bolt 5, and connect the ultrasonic phased array transducer to the chain 21 before that. The chain 21 drives the push rod 4 to move forward or backward. The chain 21 is driven by the feeding module. The push rod 4 is composed of 3 tubes with different diameters. During the detection process, it changes from a small diameter to a large diameter. Finally, the whole push rod shrinks into the feeding mechanism to protect the push rod and the ultrasonic phased array scanning device 19 from damage. Next, connect the signal wires, that is, the lead wires of the 3 transducers, to the ultrasonic phased array instrument 15 in the feeding mechanism. The electric control part 16 controls the mechanical movement of the feeding mechanism. The push rod 4 drives the encoder 23 to record the axial movement position of the cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer 9 and the frustum-shaped ultrasonic phased array transducer 8 along the hollow shaft, providing position information for the ultrasonic phased array scan diagram. The encoder 23 is connected to the support rod through the connecting column. The encoder 23, the connecting column, the support rod and the push rod 4 are all components in the feeding mechanism, which are used to control the cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer 9 and the frustum-shaped ultrasonic phased array transducer 8 and functions such as power supply, oil supply, oil recovery and stroke recording. The cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer 9 is a longitudinal wave straight phased array transducer, and the frustum-shaped ultrasonic phased array transducer 8 is a transverse wave oblique phased array transducer.

[0034] Such as Figure 4As shown in the figure, first, the feed mechanism adapter 17 of the feed mechanism is used to adjust and fix the hollow shaft. Then, the extending push rod 4 is started for flaw detection. When the inner diameter of the axle to be inspected matches the diameter of the ultrasonic phased array scanning device 19 (i.e., the cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer 9 and the frustum-shaped ultrasonic phased array transducer 8), the push rod 4 drives the ultrasonic phased array scanning device 19 to move axially. The phased array transducers 8 and 9 in it simultaneously perform a full-range scan on the axle to be detected. When first entering the axle, it is ensured that the inner wall of the hollow shaft and the phased array transducers 8 and 9 are filled with coupling agent inside. The seal 7, the sealing ring, and the oil scraping plate 10 seal the coupling agent between the phased array transducers 8 and 9 and the inner hole of the axle. The oil inlet hole 22 provided on the front protection fixing bracket starts to discharge oil. Next, flaw detection is gradually carried out, and the flaw detection signals measured by the phased array transducers 8 and 9 are output to the external instrument through the oil pipe and the signal lead-out wire 18. When the ultrasonic phased array scanning device extends into the inner diameter of the shaft, the sealing ring and the oil scraping plate 10 scrape off the foreign matters in front to avoid the influence of foreign matters on the flaw detection effect. In addition, when the push rod 4 is pulled back, the sealing ring and the oil scraping plate 10 clean the coupling oil in the hollow axle hole, and the excess oil is recovered through the oil return hole provided on the rear protection fixing bracket of the ultrasonic phased array scanning device and filtered and reused again. At the same time, the waste of the coupling agent is reduced, and the residual oil is prevented from remaining in the hollow axle hole, which affects the driving safety. When entering flaw detection, the oil discharge operation is turned on to make the inside of the hollow axle hole and the phased array transducers 8 and 9 better coupled. Next, according to the inner diameter of the hollow axle to be detected, the hollow axle and the feed mechanism adapter 17 are fixed firmly to prevent the coupling liquid in the phased array transducers 8 and 9 from leaking out. The feed mechanism adapter 17 is used for positioning, guiding, and sealing functions, and at the same time, when the push rod 4 extends into the axle opening, it enables the push rod 4 to enter smoothly. Before flaw detection of the on-site hollow axle, the corresponding flaw detection parameters need to be set on the corresponding flaw of the contrast specimen hollow axle, and then the flaw detection of the actual EMU hollow axle can be carried out.

[0035] In the present invention, a phased array transducer, a scanning device and a detection system for detecting flaws in the hollow axle of a multiple unit train are provided. When the push rod 4 in the feeding mechanism extends, the ultrasonic phased array scanning device 19 integrated thereon passes through the inside of the hollow axle for detection. Through the focusing algorithm of the phased array, it can simultaneously meet the requirements of near-field and far-field acoustic beam focusing detection, reduce the flaw detection blind area, and improve the flaw detection and positioning accuracy by generating a sufficient number of virtual transducers. The ultrasonic phased array transducer is a combined phased array, which is a three-component vertical phased array formed by two frustum-shaped ultrasonic phased array transducers and one cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer arranged opposite to each other. The array elements formed by each vibrating small wafer in the composite wafer on each array are arranged in an arc shape. The ultrasonic waves emitted by each array element converge between the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow axle, and the acoustic field energy is completely covered. During scanning, if each array element is directly excited without delay processing, each array element can be incident perpendicular to the array element surface; if the phased array instrument delays the excitation of the array element by a certain amount, the sound wave can be deflected at a specific angle; the transducer array can also electronically focus the ultrasonic beam in a wide range of depths and directions. Therefore, the ultrasonic phased array transducer only needs to be close to the hollow axle, open the protective cover on the outer side of the axle, penetrate into the hole inside the hollow axle, and move axially inside the axle to achieve full-axle flaw detection. At the same time, the ultrasonic phased array transducer inside does not need to rotate circumferentially, which improves the detection speed, reduces the auxiliary mechanism, makes the equipment structure simpler and more reliable, and does not require the removal of wheels and brake discs. At the same time, it improves the problems of poor coupling and low detection accuracy caused by the rotation of the traditional hollow axle flaw detector, avoids scanning dead angles and missed detections, reduces the replacement and maintenance costs of the flaw detection equipment and the probe group after operation, and has strong practical value.

[0036] The above description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, as mentioned above, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein, should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be changed within the scope of the application concept described herein through the above teachings or the technology or knowledge in related fields. And any changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic phased array scanning device, characterized in that The ultrasonic phased array scanning device includes a front and rear fixing bracket and at least three ultrasonic phased array transducers, two of which are frustum-shaped ultrasonic phased array transducers and are arranged face to face, and are fixed by the rear fixing bracket; the other is a cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer, one end of which is arranged at a certain distance from any one of the frustum-shaped ultrasonic phased array transducers, and the other end is fixed by the front fixing bracket. The ultrasonic phased array transducer includes a cylindrical or frustum-shaped backing body, a piezoelectric layer and a matching layer. Wherein, the piezoelectric layer is arranged between the side surface of the backing body and the matching layer; The piezoelectric layer includes several composite wafers, each composite wafer includes a plurality of small wafers with positive electrode surfaces arranged side by side independently and negative electrode surfaces connected, and several of the composite wafers are arranged at intervals on the side surface of the backing body to form an annular array; A positive lead is arranged between the piezoelectric layer and the side surface of the backing body, and a negative lead is arranged between the piezoelectric layer and the matching layer; a sealing ring and an oil scraping plate are also provided, both of which are arranged between the front fixing bracket and the cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer; isolation pads are arranged between the rear fixing bracket and the frustum-shaped ultrasonic phased array transducer, between the frustum-shaped ultrasonic phased array transducer and the cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer, and between the cylindrical ultrasonic phased array transducer and the front fixing bracket.

2. The ultrasonic phased array scanning device according to claim 1, characterized in that The length of each of the composite wafers is 10-20 mm, and the width is 0.1-1 mm.

3. The ultrasonic phased array scanning device according to claim 1, wherein The thickness of the matching layer is 50-150 microns.

4. The ultrasonic phased array scanning device according to claim 2, wherein The composite wafer has a length of 15 mm, a width of 0.65 mm, and is made of PZT / epoxy resin material.

5. The ultrasonic phased array scanning device according to claim 1, wherein The diameter of the cylindrical backing body is 20-30 mm.

6. A detection system for detecting the axle of a vehicle, characterized in that, The detection system includes a feeding module, a control module and the ultrasonic phased array scanning device according to any one of claims 1-5. The feeding module is connected to drive the ultrasonic phased array scanning device to move in the cavity of the axle, and the control module controls the movement of the feeding module.

7. The detection system according to claim 6, characterized in that, It further includes a push rod and screws. The ultrasonic phased array scanning device is fixed on the push rod by screws. The feeding module includes a chain, and the chain is connected to the ultrasonic phased array scanning device.

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