A peer-to-peer carbon asset trading method and system based on blockchain

Abstract

The present invention relates to a point-to-point carbon asset trading method based on blockchain, comprising the following steps: S1: constructing a carbon asset trading network based on blockchain, and adding each party to the carbon asset trading network as a node; S2: respectively uploading their respective carbon emission quotas and actual carbon emissions to the chain, and selecting their own identities; S3: the seller and the buyer conduct a pre-trading based on a profit maximization model to obtain a pre-trading result; S4: broadcasting the carbon asset trading volume and trading price in the pre-trading result to all nodes in the carbon asset trading network; S5: each party to the carbon asset trading on the carbon asset trading network publishes the carbon asset demand and the carbon asset pre-purchase price or the carbon asset surplus and the carbon asset pre-sale price according to the broadcast content; S6: each party to the carbon asset trading conducts carbon asset trading based on the information published on the carbon asset trading network. Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the advantages of improving the security and effectiveness of carbon asset trading.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of carbon asset trading, and in particular to a peer-to-peer carbon asset trading method and system based on blockchain. Background Art

[0002] Carbon asset trading refers to a new approach to addressing greenhouse gas emissions reduction, particularly carbon dioxide, through the use of market mechanisms. This involves treating carbon dioxide emission rights as a commodity, thereby enabling the trading of carbon dioxide emission rights. Different companies face different emission reduction costs due to differences in country, region, industry, technology, and management practices. The goal of carbon asset trading is to encourage companies with low emission reduction costs to exceed their target and then sell their remaining allowances (i.e., carbon emission rights, also known as carbon assets) to companies with high emission reduction costs. This helps these companies meet their emission reduction targets and reduces their compliance costs. Therefore, carbon asset trading, as a market-based emission reduction method, can achieve the effective allocation of carbon emission rights at a low cost and high efficiency, thereby achieving the compliance goals of total emission control and the rational use of public resources.

[0003] However, traditional carbon asset trading adopts a centralized management approach. Since transaction information is in the hands of a third party, its transaction price and transaction quota have certain limitations. Data loss and leakage may occur, which to a certain extent affects the effectiveness and security of carbon trading. At the same time, due to the asymmetry and opacity of information exchange, trust issues arise between the two parties to the transaction. In the process of carbon asset trading, the lack of communication between the parties to the transaction and the increasing scale of the transaction also easily lead to data island problems.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a method for resolving conflicts of interest, promoting mutual trust, breaking data silos, and achieving decentralized peer-to-peer carbon asset trading. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned existing technologies and provide a peer-to-peer carbon asset trading method and system based on blockchain.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A peer-to-peer carbon asset trading method based on blockchain, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1: Build a blockchain-based carbon asset trading network and add all parties involved in carbon asset trading as nodes to the carbon asset trading network;

[0009] S2: Each party to the carbon asset transaction uploads its carbon emission quota and actual carbon emission to the blockchain, and chooses to be the seller or buyer.

[0010] S3: The seller and the buyer conduct a pre-transaction based on a pre-built profit maximization model to obtain a pre-transaction result;

[0011] S4: Broadcast the carbon asset trading volume and transaction price in the pre-trading results to all nodes in the carbon asset trading network;

[0012] S5: The carbon asset trading parties on the carbon asset trading network publish the carbon asset demand and carbon asset pre-purchase price or the carbon asset surplus and carbon asset pre-sale price according to the broadcast content;

[0013] S6: The carbon asset trading parties conduct carbon asset trading based on the information published on the carbon asset trading network.

[0014] Furthermore, the carbon emission quota is the carbon emission quota originally allocated to the parties to the carbon asset transaction, and the actual carbon emissions are calculated through the historical actual carbon emission data of the parties to the carbon asset transaction.

[0015] Furthermore, the seller and the buyer conduct a pre-transaction based on a pre-built profit maximization model, and the pre-transaction results obtained specifically include:

[0016] S31: Obtain the historical carbon asset trading orders of all parties in the current carbon asset trading network and broadcast them to the consensus node for consistency determination;

[0017] S32: Determine the trust index between the transaction parties in the current carbon asset trading network based on the consistency determination result of the consensus node;

[0018] S33: The buyer calculates the expected carbon asset trading volume based on its own carbon asset demand and initial expected price according to the optimal profit function and sends it to the seller;

[0019] S34: The seller formulates an expected transaction price based on the expected carbon asset transaction volume and its own carbon asset surplus according to the optimal price function and sends it to the buyer;

[0020] S35: The buyer recalculates the expected carbon asset transaction volume based on the expected transaction price and the optimal profit function, and sends it to the seller;

[0021] S36: Repeat steps S34 and S35 until the number of iterations is reached or the buyer and seller maximize their profits while satisfying their respective constraints, and obtain the optimal transaction price and optimal transaction volume;

[0022] S37: The optimal transaction volume and the optimal transaction price are used as the carbon asset transaction volume and transaction price respectively, and the trust index is used as a reference item to form a pre-transaction result.

[0023] Furthermore, the expression of the optimal profit function is:

[0024]

[0025] Among them, E(c,n,p) represents the cumulative expected return when the number of days remaining for quota fulfillment is n, the current carbon asset stock is c, and the transaction price is p, G(c u ,p,c) represents the change from the current carbon asset stock c to the expected carbon asset stock c when the transaction price is p u The state transition probability of , U(c,n) represents the buyer's utility function when the remaining days of quota fulfillment are n and the current carbon asset stock is c, and W(c,n) represents the buyer's cost function when the remaining days of quota fulfillment are n and the current carbon asset stock is c.

[0026] Furthermore, the expression of the optimal price function is:

[0027]

[0028] Among them, P n represents the expected transaction price, P min represents the lowest transaction price in the carbon asset trading market, P max represents the highest transaction price in the carbon asset trading market, E(c,n-1,p) represents the cumulative expected return when the number of days remaining for quota fulfillment is n-1, the current carbon asset stock is c, and the transaction price is p, and D(c,n,p) represents the cumulative return from the current carbon asset stock c to the expected carbon asset stock c when the transaction price is p. u The expected maximum profit.

[0029] A peer-to-peer carbon asset trading system based on blockchain, including:

[0030] Registration unit: used to build a blockchain-based carbon asset trading network, adding each party to the carbon asset trading network as a node, and allowing the parties to upload their respective carbon emission quotas and actual carbon emissions to the chain and select their own identity as sellers or buyers;

[0031] Pre-transaction unit: used for the seller and the buyer to conduct pre-transactions based on a pre-built profit maximization model to obtain pre-transaction results;

[0032] Broadcast unit: used to obtain the carbon asset trading volume and transaction price in the pre-trading results and broadcast them to all nodes in the carbon asset trading network;

[0033] And transaction unit: used for carbon asset transaction parties on the carbon asset transaction network to publish carbon asset demand and carbon asset pre-purchase price or carbon asset surplus and carbon asset pre-sale price and conduct carbon asset transactions based on the information published on the carbon asset transaction network.

[0034] Furthermore, the pre-transaction unit includes:

[0035] Consensus broadcast module: used to obtain the historical carbon asset trading orders of all parties in the current carbon asset trading network and broadcast them to the consensus node for consistency determination;

[0036] Trust index calculation module: used to determine the trust index between the transaction parties in the current carbon asset trading network based on the consistency determination result of the consensus node;

[0037] Optimal profit calculation module: used to calculate the expected carbon asset trading volume based on the buyer's own carbon asset demand and initial expected price according to the optimal profit function;

[0038] Optimal price calculation module: used to formulate the expected transaction price based on the expected carbon asset trading volume and the seller's own carbon asset surplus according to the optimal price function;

[0039] And the pre-transaction result generation module: used to control the optimal profit calculation module and the optimal price calculation module to perform iterative calculations until the number of iterations is reached or the buyer and the seller maximize their profits on the basis of satisfying their respective constraints, determine the optimal transaction price and the optimal transaction volume, and use the optimal transaction volume and the optimal transaction price as the carbon asset transaction volume and transaction price respectively, and use the trust index as a reference item to integrate and form the pre-transaction results.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0041] 1) The present invention constructs a carbon asset trading network based on blockchain, and adds each party to the carbon asset trading network as a node. At the same time, pre-trading is carried out based on a pre-built profit maximization model and the pre-trading results are broadcast to all nodes, so that each party to the carbon asset trading on the carbon asset trading network can publish the carbon asset demand and carbon asset pre-purchase price or carbon asset surplus and carbon asset pre-sale price according to the broadcast content to conduct carbon asset trading. The carbon asset trading is combined with the blockchain to realize point-to-point transactions between buyers and sellers in the carbon asset trading market without the need for a central agency. The transaction is automatically executed using smart contracts, which improves the efficiency of the transaction, prevents the limitations of transaction prices and transaction quotas caused by the control of transaction information by a third party, avoids the risk of data loss and leakage, and ensures the effectiveness and security of carbon asset trading to a certain extent.

[0042] 2) The present invention conducts pre-transactions based on a pre-built profit maximization model, obtains a trust index through consistency judgment of the historical carbon asset transaction orders and consensus nodes of the transaction parties in the carbon asset trading network, and uses the buyer's optimal profit function and the seller's optimal price function. The buyer and seller perform iterative calculations, which can make the transaction result maximize the profit of the buyer and seller on the basis of satisfying their respective constraints. In the pre-transaction results, the optimal transaction volume, optimal transaction price and trust index are considered at the same time, so that a trust relationship is generated between different participants, data sharing among the transaction parties is realized, and the transparency of carbon asset transactions is improved. The profit maximization model takes into account multiple influencing factors, provides support for the formulation of transaction volume and transaction price, and can effectively promote mutual trust. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the process of step S3 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described are only a portion of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a peer-to-peer carbon asset trading method based on blockchain, comprising the following steps:

[0048] S1: Build a blockchain-based carbon asset trading network and add all parties involved in carbon asset trading as nodes to the carbon asset trading network;

[0049] S2: Each party in the carbon asset transaction uploads its carbon emission quota and actual carbon emission to the blockchain and chooses to be the seller or buyer.

[0050] S3: The seller and the buyer conduct a pre-transaction based on the pre-built profit maximization model and obtain a pre-transaction result;

[0051] S4: Broadcast the carbon asset trading volume and transaction price in the pre-trading results to all nodes in the carbon asset trading network;

[0052] S5: All parties involved in carbon asset trading on the carbon asset trading network publish carbon asset demand and carbon asset pre-purchase price or carbon asset surplus and carbon asset pre-sale price based on the broadcast content;

[0053] S6: All parties involved in carbon asset trading conduct carbon asset trading based on the information published on the carbon asset trading network.

[0054] Among them, the carbon emission quota is the carbon emission quota originally allocated to the parties to the carbon asset transaction, and the actual carbon emissions are calculated through the historical actual carbon emission data of the parties to the carbon asset transaction.

[0055] Specifically, if Figure 2 As shown, the seller and the buyer conduct a pre-transaction based on a pre-built profit maximization model, and the pre-transaction results specifically include:

[0056] S31: Obtain the historical carbon asset trading orders of all parties in the current carbon asset trading network and broadcast them to the consensus node for consistency determination;

[0057] S32: Determine the trust index between the transaction parties in the current carbon asset trading network based on the consistency determination result of the consensus node;

[0058] S33: The buyer calculates the expected carbon asset trading volume based on its own carbon asset demand and initial expected price according to the optimal profit function and sends it to the seller;

[0059] S34: The seller sets an expected transaction price based on the expected carbon asset trading volume and its own carbon asset surplus according to the optimal price function and sends it to the buyer;

[0060] S35: The buyer recalculates the expected carbon asset transaction volume based on the expected transaction price and the optimal profit function, and sends it to the seller;

[0061] S36: Repeat steps S34 and S35 until the number of iterations is reached or the buyer and seller maximize their profits while satisfying their respective constraints, and obtain the optimal transaction price and optimal transaction volume;

[0062] S37: The optimal transaction volume and the optimal transaction price are used as the carbon asset transaction volume and transaction price respectively, and the trust index is used as a reference item to form a pre-transaction result.

[0063] The expression of the optimal profit function is:

[0064]

[0065] Among them, E(c,n,p) represents the cumulative expected return when the number of days remaining for quota fulfillment is n, the current carbon asset stock is c, and the transaction price is p, G(c u,p,c) represents the change from the current carbon asset stock c to the expected carbon asset stock c when the transaction price is p u The state transition probability of , U(c,n) represents the buyer's utility function when the remaining days of quota fulfillment are n and the current carbon asset stock is c, and W(c,n) represents the buyer's cost function when the remaining days of quota fulfillment are n and the current carbon asset stock is c.

[0066] The expression of the optimal price function is:

[0067]

[0068] Among them, P n represents the expected transaction price, P min represents the lowest transaction price in the carbon asset trading market, P max represents the highest transaction price in the carbon asset trading market, E(c,n-1,p) represents the cumulative expected return when the number of days remaining for quota fulfillment is n-1, the current carbon asset stock is c, and the transaction price is p, and D(c,n,p) represents the cumulative return from the current carbon asset stock c to the expected carbon asset stock c when the transaction price is p. u The expected maximum profit.

[0069] like Figure 3 As shown, the present invention also provides a peer-to-peer carbon asset trading system based on blockchain, comprising:

[0070] Registration unit: used to build a blockchain-based carbon asset trading network, adding each party to the carbon asset trading network as a node, allowing each party to upload their carbon emission quotas and actual carbon emissions to the chain and select their own identity as seller or buyer;

[0071] Pre-trading unit: used for sellers and buyers to conduct pre-trading based on a pre-built profit maximization model and obtain pre-trading results;

[0072] Broadcast unit: used to obtain the carbon asset trading volume and transaction price in the pre-trading results and broadcast them to all nodes in the carbon asset trading network;

[0073] And transaction unit: used for carbon asset transaction parties on the carbon asset transaction network to publish carbon asset demand and carbon asset pre-purchase price or carbon asset surplus and carbon asset pre-sale price and conduct carbon asset transactions based on the information published on the carbon asset transaction network.

[0074] Among them, the pre-transaction unit includes:

[0075] Consensus broadcast module: used to obtain the historical carbon asset trading orders of all parties in the current carbon asset trading network and broadcast them to the consensus node for consistency determination;

[0076] Trust index calculation module: used to determine the trust index between the transaction parties in the current carbon asset trading network based on the consistency determination result of the consensus node;

[0077] Optimal profit calculation module: used to calculate the expected carbon asset trading volume based on the buyer's own carbon asset demand and initial expected price according to the optimal profit function;

[0078] Optimal price calculation module: used to formulate the expected transaction price based on the expected carbon asset trading volume and the seller's own carbon asset surplus according to the optimal price function;

[0079] And the pre-transaction result generation module: used to control the optimal profit calculation module and the optimal price calculation module to perform iterative calculations until the number of iterations is reached or the buyer and the seller maximize their profits on the basis of satisfying their respective constraints, determine the optimal transaction price and the optimal transaction volume, and use the optimal transaction volume and the optimal transaction price as the carbon asset transaction volume and transaction price respectively, and use the trust index as a reference item to integrate and form the pre-transaction results.

[0080] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and such modifications or substitutions are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A peer-to-peer carbon asset trading method based on blockchain, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Build a blockchain-based carbon asset trading network and add all parties involved in carbon asset trading as nodes to the carbon asset trading network; S2: Each party to the carbon asset transaction uploads its carbon emission quota and actual carbon emission to the blockchain, and chooses to be the seller or buyer. S3: The seller and the buyer conduct a pre-transaction based on a pre-built profit maximization model to obtain a pre-transaction result; S4: Broadcast the carbon asset trading volume and transaction price in the pre-trading results to all nodes in the carbon asset trading network; S5: The carbon asset trading parties on the carbon asset trading network publish the carbon asset demand and carbon asset pre-purchase price or the carbon asset surplus and carbon asset pre-sale price according to the broadcast content; S6: The carbon asset trading parties conduct carbon asset trading based on the information published on the carbon asset trading network; The seller and the buyer conduct a pre-transaction based on a pre-built profit maximization model, and the pre-transaction results specifically include: S31: Obtain the historical carbon asset trading orders of all parties in the current carbon asset trading network and broadcast them to the consensus node for consistency determination; S32: Determine the trust index between the transaction parties in the current carbon asset trading network based on the consistency determination result of the consensus node; S33: The buyer calculates the expected carbon asset trading volume based on its own carbon asset demand and initial expected price according to the optimal profit function and sends it to the seller; S34: The seller formulates an expected transaction price based on the expected carbon asset transaction volume and its own carbon asset surplus according to the optimal price function and sends it to the buyer; S35: The buyer recalculates the expected carbon asset transaction volume based on the expected transaction price and the optimal profit function, and sends it to the seller; S36: Repeat steps S34 and S35 until the number of iterations is reached or the buyer and seller maximize their profits while satisfying their respective constraints, and obtain the optimal transaction price and optimal transaction volume; S37: The optimal transaction volume and the optimal transaction price are used as the carbon asset transaction volume and transaction price respectively, and the trust index is used as a reference item to form a pre-transaction result.

2. A peer-to-peer carbon asset trading method based on blockchain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon emission quota is the carbon emission quota originally allocated to the parties to the carbon asset transaction, and the actual carbon emissions are calculated based on the historical actual carbon emission data of the parties to the carbon asset transaction.

3. A peer-to-peer carbon asset trading method based on blockchain according to claim 2, characterized in that: The expression of the optimal profit function is: Among them, E(c,n,p) represents the cumulative expected return when the number of days remaining for quota fulfillment is n, the current carbon asset stock is c, and the transaction price is p, G(c u ,p,c) represents the change from the current carbon asset stock c to the expected carbon asset stock c when the transaction price is p u The state transition probability of , U(c,n) represents the buyer's utility function when the remaining days of quota fulfillment are n and the current carbon asset stock is c, and W(c,n) represents the buyer's cost function when the remaining days of quota fulfillment are n and the current carbon asset stock is c.

4. A peer-to-peer carbon asset trading method based on blockchain according to claim 2, characterized in that: The expression of the optimal price function is: Among them, P n represents the expected transaction price, P min represents the lowest transaction price in the carbon asset trading market, P max represents the highest transaction price in the carbon asset trading market, E(c,n-1,p) represents the cumulative expected return when the number of days remaining for quota fulfillment is n-1, the current carbon asset stock is c, and the transaction price is p, and D(c,n,p) represents the cumulative return from the current carbon asset stock c to the expected carbon asset stock c when the transaction price is p. u The expected maximum profit.

5. A peer-to-peer carbon asset trading system based on blockchain, characterized in that: include: Registration unit: used to build a blockchain-based carbon asset trading network, adding each party to the carbon asset trading network as a node, and allowing the parties to upload their respective carbon emission quotas and actual carbon emissions to the chain and select their own identity as sellers or buyers; Pre-transaction unit: used for the seller and the buyer to conduct pre-transactions based on a pre-built profit maximization model to obtain pre-transaction results; Broadcast unit: used to obtain the carbon asset trading volume and transaction price in the pre-trading results and broadcast them to all nodes in the carbon asset trading network; And trading unit: used for carbon asset trading parties on the carbon asset trading network to publish carbon asset demand and carbon asset pre-purchase price or carbon asset surplus and carbon asset pre-sale price and conduct carbon asset trading based on the information published on the carbon asset trading network; The pre-transaction unit includes: Consensus broadcast module: used to obtain the historical carbon asset trading orders of all parties in the current carbon asset trading network and broadcast them to the consensus node for consistency determination; Trust index calculation module: used to determine the trust index between the transaction parties in the current carbon asset trading network based on the consistency determination result of the consensus node; Optimal profit calculation module: used to calculate the expected carbon asset trading volume based on the buyer's own carbon asset demand and initial expected price according to the optimal profit function; Optimal price calculation module: used to formulate the expected transaction price based on the expected carbon asset trading volume and the seller's own carbon asset surplus according to the optimal price function; And the pre-transaction result generation module: used to control the optimal profit calculation module and the optimal price calculation module to perform iterative calculations until the number of iterations is reached or the buyer and the seller maximize their profits on the basis of satisfying their respective constraints, determine the optimal transaction price and the optimal transaction volume, and use the optimal transaction volume and the optimal transaction price as the carbon asset transaction volume and transaction price respectively, and use the trust index as a reference item to integrate and form the pre-transaction results.

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