Electrically actuated valve

Abstract

Various examples relate to electrically actuated valves. Various examples relate to actuators for valves, e.g., shape memory alloy actuators or electromagnetic actuators (151) or piezoelectric actuators. Various examples relate to a modular concept in which a valve can be formed by attaching actuator components (601) to a housing. Various examples relate to another modular concept in which multiple valve blocks are capable of being fluidically coupled to one another, each valve block including one or more valves.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] In general, various technologies relate to the electric actuation of fluid valves. In particular, various technologies relate to the actuation of valves using shape memory alloy actuators. Various technologies relate to the modular assembly of valves using actuating components that can be attached to a housing, thereby forming valves. Various technologies relate to the modular assembly of systems comprising multiple valve blocks, wherein each valve block includes one or more valves. Background Technology

[0002] Valves used to switch fluid flow are applied in a variety of fields, including automotive seats. Example applications include switching the flow of compressed air to enable functions such as lumbar support, cushion adjustment, and massage.

[0003] Traditionally, such valves have been implemented using solenoid valve technology. However, these valves are relatively bulky and generate significant noise during operation.

[0004] To overcome these problems, valves are sometimes equipped with actuators that use shape memory alloy (SMA) wires.

[0005] For example, a reference implementation of a valve using SMA wires may be complex and require many parts. Furthermore, the corresponding valves may use housings that are large in size, making them difficult to integrate. Generally, valves are difficult to assemble. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, advanced technology for SMA-driven valves is needed. Technology that facilitates simple and efficient switching of fluid flow is required. Such technology is needed to overcome or mitigate at least some of the aforementioned limitations and drawbacks.

[0007] The features of the independent claims satisfy this need. The features of the dependent claims define the embodiments.

[0008] Modular configurations of valves and valve systems are provided for various aspects.

[0009] The first-level modularity is provided by actuator components, which provide various parts that move to open and close a fluid flow path. The housing includes one or more fluid ports defining the fluid flow path. The actuator components can be assembled outside the housing and then attached to the housing after assembly to form a valve. Thus, the actuator components are configured to mate with the housing to form a valve.

[0010] The actuator component includes a carrier. The carrier is attached to a housing. The actuator component also includes a plunger. The plunger is disposed on the carrier. The plunger includes a sealing surface disposed at its tip.

[0011] Therefore, depending on the plunger's position, the sealing surface can selectively engage circumferentially with the fluid port formed in the housing, thereby cutting off the fluid flow path. Thus, fluid flow can be switched and a valve can be formed. Furthermore, the actuator components may include an elastic member disposed between the carrier and the plunger and configured to apply a biasing force to the plunger. By biasing the plunger to an open or closed position, this can facilitate the realization of normally closed or normally open valves.

[0012] To actuate the plunger (i.e., move the plunger between the open and closed positions), an electric actuator mounted to a carrier is provided. As a general rule, different types of electric actuators can be used in the techniques described herein. Examples include electromagnetic actuators that use electromagnetic flux to move the plunger or piezoelectric actuators that use the piezoelectric effect to move the plunger.

[0013] In some examples, the actuator components include SMA wires that implement the actuator. The SMA wires are arranged between the carrier and the plunger and configured to apply actuation force to the plunger.

[0014] It is possible that the SMA conductor and plunger are arranged collinearly.

[0015] The elastic component can be implemented by a spring, such as a compression spring. It is possible that the spring is arranged collinearly with the SMA conductor and the plunger.

[0016] The actuator components, together with the housing, form the valve. Each valve may include one or more actuator components. The housing (e.g., together with a top plate that seals the sides of the housing) may define a corresponding fluid flow chamber for each valve. For example, a 2-way valve or a 3-way valve may be defined, and a corresponding number of fluid ports may be provided in the respective fluid flow chamber.

[0017] The modular second stage is demonstrated by using a common housing for multiple valves (e.g., multiple 2-way and / or 3-way valves). This valve system can be labeled as a valve block. It is possible that the actuator components of the valve block are contacted by a single circuit board to provide current to activate or deactivate the SMA wires.

[0018] The modular third stage is provided by using multiple valve blocks. These valve blocks can be connected via corresponding connecting parts. Fluid flow paths can extend between and through the connecting parts. A single circuit board can be shared among the actuator components of the multiple valve blocks.

[0019] The system includes multiple valve blocks attached to a circuit board. Each valve block includes a corresponding housing and one or more valves disposed within the housing. The housings of the multiple valve blocks are fluidly connected via connecting members. Each connecting member includes a resilient element. The resilient element is configured to provide positional freedom for the relative displacement of the respective valve block relative to each other.

[0020] This arrangement facilitates the electrical connection of the valve actuator of the valve block to the circuit board. The valve may include electrical pins coupled to the circuit board. In particular, the positional freedom provided by the elastic element can facilitate the relative arrangement of the corresponding electrical pins with respect to the contact elements of the circuit board.

[0021] For example, it is possible to first assemble the actuator components (the modular first stage), then attach the actuator components to the housing of the valve block (and possibly repeat this operation for multiple valve blocks), and third, connect the multiple valve blocks to each other via corresponding connecting components.

[0022] This technology can be applied to various types of actuators, such as SMA wires, electromagnetic or piezoelectric actuators.

[0023] A method includes assembling one or more actuator components of a valve block. Each of the one or more actuator components includes a plunger and an actuator. The method also includes attaching the one or more actuator components to a housing of the valve block. This is performed after assembling the one or more actuator components of the valve block. The housing includes at least one corresponding fluid port for each of the one or more actuator components.

[0024] The actuator components may include a carrier, a plunger, and an actuator mounted on the carrier.

[0025] It should be understood that, without departing from the scope of the invention, the features mentioned above and the features to be explained below can be used not only in the corresponding combinations shown, but also in other combinations or individually. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 Valves are schematically shown according to various examples, wherein the valve is operated in the closed position.

[0027] Figure 2 schematically shown Figure 1 The valve, wherein the valve is operated in the open position.

[0028] Figure 3 Valves are illustrated schematically according to various examples.

[0029] Figure 4 Valves are illustrated schematically according to various examples.

[0030] Figure 5 Valves are illustrated schematically according to various examples.

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic side view of a valve based on various examples, wherein the valve is formed by an actuator component and a housing.

[0032] Figure 7 It is a flowchart based on various examples of methods.

[0033] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the relative arrangement of the plunger, compression spring and carrier of the actuator components according to various examples.

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the relative arrangement of SMA wires and plungers of actuator components according to various examples.

[0035] Figure 10 A system of multiple valve blocks fluidly coupled to each other, according to various examples, is illustrated schematically.

[0036] Figure 11 This is a perspective view of an example implementation of an actuator component based on various examples.

[0037] Figure 12 yes Figure 11 A top view of the actuator component.

[0038] Figure 13 yes Figure 11 A side view of the actuator component.

[0039] Figure 14 yes Figure 11 The top view of the actuator components attached to the housing to form a valve according to various examples, wherein the valve is in the closed position.

[0040] Figure 15 Corresponding to Figure 14 The valve is operated in the open position.

[0041] Figure 16 yes Figure 11 A cross-sectional view of an example embodiment of the actuator component, wherein the cross-sectional view is relative to... Figure 12 Limited.

[0042] Figure 17 yes Figure 11 A cross-sectional view of an example embodiment of the actuator component, wherein the cross-sectional view is relative to... Figure 12 Limited.

[0043] Figure 18 yes Figure 11 A cross-sectional view of an example embodiment of the actuator component, wherein the cross-sectional view is relative to... Figure 12 Limited.

[0044] Figure 19 yes Figure 11A cross-sectional view of an example embodiment of the actuation of the component, wherein the cross-sectional view is relative to... Figure 12 Limited.

[0045] Figure 20 yes Figure 11 A cross-sectional view of an example embodiment of the actuator component, wherein the cross-sectional view is relative to... Figure 12 Limited.

[0046] Figure 21 This is a perspective view of a valve block comprising multiple 3 / 3 valves, based on various examples, each valve comprising... Figure 11 Two actuator components in an example implementation.

[0047] Figure 22 yes Figure 21 A top view of a valve block, wherein the valve block is connected to a pump line block according to various examples.

[0048] Figure 23 It is by Figure 22 A perspective view of the system formed by the valve block and pump piping block, wherein the top plate is attached according to various examples.

[0049] Figure 24 yes Figure 23 A further perspective view of the system.

[0050] Figure 25 It is a cross-sectional view of the connecting parts between multiple blocks according to various examples.

[0051] Figure 26 It is based on various examples Figure 25 A perspective view of the connecting components.

[0052] Figure 27 It is a top view of a system including multiple valve blocks, based on various examples.

[0053] Figure 28 yes Figure 27 A perspective view of the system.

[0054] Figure 29 This is a perspective view of an example implementation of a connecting element configured to establish a fluid flow path and provide positional freedom between the housings of adjacent valve blocks. Detailed Implementation

[0055] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following description of the embodiments is not intended to be limiting. The scope of the invention is not intended to be limited by the embodiments or drawings described below, which are considered to be illustrative only.

[0056] The accompanying drawings should be considered schematic, and the elements shown are not necessarily to scale. Rather, the various elements are shown so that their function and general purpose will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Any connection or coupling between functional blocks, devices, components, or other physical or functional units shown in the drawings or described herein may also be achieved through indirect connection or coupling. Coupling between components may also be established wirelessly. Functional blocks may be implemented in hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.

[0057] The following describes a technique for switching fluid flow. The fluid can be a gas or a liquid. A valve is used to switch fluid flow. The valve includes a fluid port and a plunger. The plunger (sometimes also called a piston) is configured to selectively seal the fluid port. For this purpose, the plunger includes a sealing surface. For example, the plunger can completely seal the fluid port in the closed position and fully open the fluid port in the open position. In other examples, an intermediate position can also be envisioned, where the plunger partially seals the fluid port, i.e., provides some flow resistance to the fluid.

[0058] An electric actuator is used to displace the plunger. The actuator displaces the plunger between an open position and a closed position. The plunger moves between the closed and open positions along the direction of displacement. Examples of electric actuators include, but are not limited to: SMA actuators, piezoelectric actuators, or electromagnetic actuators.

[0059] As can be seen, the valves described in this article are used in various fields. For example, valves can be used in seats, such as office chairs or car seats. Here, the air bladders in the seat can be selectively filled with compressed air. This increases the comfort of the seat and may include a massage function.

[0060] For example, a control unit configured to control the actuation of the valve can be provided. The control unit can be implemented using a microcontroller, a field-programmable array (FPGA), or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The control unit can output and / or detect current, thereby controlling the operation of the valve actuator.

[0061] As shown in the example, the actuator is implemented using SMA wire. For instance, the SMA wire can be made of linear SMA material or strip-shaped SMA material. In the following text, for simplicity, reference is made to SMA wire, but other configurations of SMA wire can be envisioned.

[0062] SMA wires exhibit length changes based on their temperature. For example, SMA wires can be configured to reversibly change their shape due to thermal activation between an extended and contracted state. The extended and contracted states can correspond to the closed and open positions of a piston, respectively. This shape change can be achieved through a phase transformation between two or more solid phases. Typically, the transformation occurs between a low-temperature phase / martensitic phase and a high-temperature phase / austenitic phase. Generally, the phase transformation is reversible and time-independent.

[0063] The SMA wire can be activated by feeding current into the SMA material (i.e., by using an SMA wire as an electrical conductor). The SMA material is heated by the current. The change in temperature causes a change in length. In other examples, an external heating element, such as a separate current-carrying wire, can be arranged adjacent to the SMA wire.

[0064] In the various examples described herein, different materials can be used for SMA wires. Examples include nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys, such as binary NiTi alloys. For example, ternary or quaternary elements can be added to such NiTi-based SMA wires, including, for example, carbon, oxides, copper, chromium, etc. Other examples for SMA wires include copper-based alloys such as CuZnAl or CuAlNi.

[0065] According to some examples, normally closed valves are provided. Therefore, in the case of using an SMA (Super-Actuated Mullion) conductor, activation of the SMA conductor (due to contraction) applies a corresponding actuating force to the plunger to open the fluid port and displace the plunger from its closed position to its open position. An elastic member (e.g., a spring such as a compression spring or leaf spring) is provided to apply a biasing force to the plunger, thereby moving the plunger to the closed position. Thus, when the SMA conductor deactivates, the plunger moves back to the closed position.

[0066] The technology described herein enables a linear geometry in the displacement direction of the SMA guide relative to the plunger. Therefore, collinear or even coaxial motion of the plunger and SMA guide along their longitudinal axes is possible. The SMA guide and plunger can be arranged collinearly. Alternatively or additionally, the elastic member can be arranged collinearly relative to the plunger.

[0067] For example, the SMA conductor can extend at least 50% of its length along the displacement direction, optionally at least 80%, further optionally at least 90%, further optionally at least 95%, further optionally at least 99%, and further optionally at least 100% of its length. Such a linear geometry enables highly integrated valves using a compact housing size. In particular, bulky lever arrangements are avoided. This facilitates modular setups. Furthermore, a particularly tight seal at the fluid port can be achieved compared to lever arrangements or typical rotary seals. This is likely because the plunger's sealing surface engages tightly and uniformly with the fluid port.

[0068] Modular configurations of valves are provided according to various examples. In particular, actuator components that provide displacement of the plunger can be used. The actuator component includes a plunger and an actuator, implemented, for example, by SMA wires and elastic members. The plunger and actuator can be assembled onto a carrier of the actuator component. The actuator component can then cooperate with a housing to form a valve together with the housing. That is, the plunger can seal the fluid port formed in the housing. The plunger can move within the fluid chamber formed by the housing.

[0069] As a general rule, the shape and / or material of the carrier can vary depending on the circumstances. For example, when using an SMA actuator, the carrier can be plate-shaped. When using an electromagnetic actuator, the carrier can be rod-shaped: for example, the carrier can be implemented as a coil core. The carrier can be made of plastic material.

[0070] Actuator components can be attached to the housing, for example, to the base plate of the housing. A releasable connection can be provided. For example, a clamping function can be provided through appropriate structural engagement features. The actuator components can be attached to the housing such that the plunger, when moved to the closed position by the actuator, can seal the fluid ports formed in the housing. The housing, for example, together with a top plate, can form a fluid flow chamber that defines and / or guides and / or constrains a fluid path. As a general rule, the actuator components can be arranged inside or outside the fluid flow chamber. The fluid flow chamber can be located between two or more fluid ports. This modular arrangement of the valve based on actuator components and the housing provides simple and reliable assembly. In particular, the actuator and plunger can be assembled even before the actuator components are installed to the housing (e.g., in the case of using SMA wires, by attaching the SMA wires to the carrier and the plunger). This facilitates assembly, especially in the case of providing a multi-channel valve block comprising multiple valves, where each valve is associated with one or more corresponding actuator components. Then, each valve of the valve block (more specifically, at least one actuator component for each valve) can be assembled individually, and only later is it necessary to attach multiple actuator components to the typically bulky housing of the valve block.

[0071] For example, end-of-line testing can be performed on the functionality of each actuator component before it is attached to the housing. Therefore, rejected actuator components can be identified without compromising the overall integrity of the multi-channel valve block.

[0072] Figure 1 Aspects of valve 100 are shown, which employs SMA wire 151 to actuate plunger 125. Figure 1 A 2 / 2 valve is shown; other configurations are conceivable.

[0073] Figure 1 Valve 100 may be part of a multi-channel valve block. Figure 1 (Not shown in the image). Here, multiple valves 100 configured according to valve 100 can be coupled in parallel.

[0074] exist Figure 1 The diagram shows the closed position 91 of plunger 125, where plunger 125 seals fluid port 121. Valve 100 is closed.

[0075] Figure 1 A linear geometry is shown. Here, the SMA conductor 151 extends 100% of its length 251 along the longitudinal axis 111A of the housing 111 and the plunger 125, although it is also possible that the SMA conductor 151 extends only a smaller portion of its length 251 along the axis 111A. The housing 111 includes two long side surfaces 1111, 1112 and two short side surfaces 1113, 1114.

[0076] Fluid port 121 is disposed in the short side surface 1113. Another fluid port 122 is disposed in the opposite short side surface 1114, although it could also be disposed in one of the long side surfaces 1111 and 1112. A fluid flow path is defined between the fluid ports 121 and 122. (The last sentence appears to be incomplete and possibly refers to a flow path.) Figure 1 It is clear that the linear shape of housing 111 is related to the linear arrangement of SMA wires 151.

[0077] The SMA wire 151 has two ends 351 and 352. End 351 is coupled to the plunger 125. End 352 is in a fixed position relative to the reference frame of the housing 111. For this purpose, a connector, such as a crimp connection or other alternative connection (e.g., knot, weld, threaded connection, etc.), can be used. Variation in the length of the SMA wire 151 causes the plunger 125 to move away from the fluid port 121. Figure 1 The displacement (not shown in the figure).

[0078] exist Figure 1In the example, the SMA guide wire 151 extends along its entire length 251 between fluid ports 121 and 122 that define the fluid flow path. In other words, the SMA guide wire 151 extends between opposite sides 1113 and 1114 of the housing 111, in which the fluid ports 121 and 122 are arranged. Generally, the SMA guide wire 151 may extend for at least 20%, optionally at least 50%, and further optionally at least 90% of its entire length 251 between the fluid ports 121 and 122. The SMA guide wire 151 and the plunger 125 are arranged collinearly. This contributes to a compact design of the valve 100, particularly compared to cases where the SMA guide wire 151 extends away from the fluid flow path. Furthermore, it can contribute to a tighter engagement between the sealing surface of the plunger 125 and, for example, the O-ring of the fluid port 121.

[0079] Figure 2 It shows that according to Figure 1 The example is of valve 100. Different from... Figure 1 ,exist Figure 2 The image shows the open position 92 of the plunger 125, where the plunger 125 does not seal the fluid port 121. Therefore, fluid can enter or exit the interior of the housing 111 via the fluid port 121.

[0080] exist Figure 2 The displacement direction 259 of the plunger 125 is shown in the diagram. When the SMA wire 151 retracts, it applies an actuating force 155 to the plunger 125. The SMA wire 151 moves along the displacement direction 259 (…). Figure 2 Pull the plunger 125 horizontally (from center to left). The actuating force 155 causes the plunger 125 to move / displace along the displacement direction 259. The displacement direction 259 is aligned with the axial direction of the plunger 125. Figure 2 The diagram shows the corresponding displacement 99 of the plunger 125 from the closed position 91 to the open position 92. This displacement 99 is parallel to the displacement direction 259. For example, to guide the displacement 99 along the displacement direction 259, a guide groove or through-hole may be provided, in which the plunger 125 is arranged. Figure 2 (Not shown in the image).

[0081] exist Figure 2 In one example, the SMA conductor 151 extends 100% of its length along the displacement direction 259 (thus achieving a fully collinear design); in other examples, the SMA conductor 151 may extend a smaller portion of its length 251 along the displacement direction 259, for example, at least 50% of its length 251, optionally at least 90% of its length, and further optionally at least 95% of its length.

[0082] This fully or partially collinear design of the plunger 125 and the SMA guide wire 151 enables the valve 100 to be implemented with a smaller footprint. Furthermore, the actuation force is efficiently transmitted from the SMA guide wire 151 to the plunger 125. Moreover, complex lever geometry is not required, and a tight, sealed engagement between the plunger 125 and the fluid port 121 can be achieved.

[0083] Typically, the absolute length variation of the SMA conductor 151 is limited to a certain value to avoid inelastic deformation and damage. The length variation corresponds to strain. For example, typical strain can be limited to 3–7%. Nevertheless, to provide a sufficiently large displacement 99 for the plunger 125, the length 251 of the SMA conductor 151 can be designed to be sufficiently large. Then, even small strains result in significant displacement 99. Example embodiments provide a length 251 of the SMA conductor 151 ranging from 10 mm to 50 mm, optionally ranging from 25 mm to 35 mm. For example, here, a 2% length variation of the SMA conductor 151 results in a displacement of approximately 0.6 mm.

[0084] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, valve 100 also includes a resilient member 161. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the example, the elastic member 161, the plunger 125, and the SMA conductor 151 are all arranged collinearly. Furthermore, the elastic member 161 (e.g., a compression spring) extends along the displacement direction 259.

[0085] Example embodiments of the elastic member 161 include: a leaf spring or a coiled compression spring, or other elastic elements such as rubber elements. The elastic member 161 is configured to apply a biasing force 161A to the plunger 125. The biasing force 161A typically pushes the plunger 125 into the closed position 91, because... Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the example, a normally closed valve 100 is provided. The deflecting force 161A is typically opposite to the actuating force 155 of the SMA guide wire 151. During displacement from the closed position 91 to the open position 92, the magnitude of the actuating force 155 is greater than the deflecting force 161A. This causes the plunger 125 to move. In the open position 92, the deflecting force 161A and the actuating force 155 can be in equilibrium. Alternatively or additionally, a stop member can be provided to physically limit further displacement of the plunger 125 beyond the open position 92. A limit switch can be used to limit further retraction of the SMA guide wire 151.

[0086] exist Figure 2In one example, the elastic member 161 and the SMA wire 151 are arranged on the same side of the plunger 125. Here, the biasing force 161A can be generated by the compression of the elastic member 161. In other examples, it is also possible that the elastic member 161 is arranged between the plunger 125 and the fluid port 121, i.e., on the opposite side of the plunger 125 (compared to the SMA wire 151). Then, the biasing force 161A can be generated by the extension of the elastic member 161.

[0087] exist Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this example, a modular setup can be used. Here, actuator component 601 is formed from the following elements: plunger 125, SMA wire 151, and elastic member 161. Therefore, actuator component 601 can be assembled separately from housing 111. After assembly, actuator component 601 can be attached to housing 111 to form valve 100, which includes a fluid flow path between fluid ports 121, 122.

[0088] according to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The actuator component 601 in the example can be modified in other examples. For example, it may be possible to use multiple SMA wires 151 or another arrangement of SMA wires 151. This is illustrated in conjunction with the following figures.

[0089] Figure 3 Aspects relating to valve 100 are shown, wherein actuator component 601 uses two SMA wires 151, 152 to actuate plunger 125. In addition to using multiple SMA wires 151, 152, according to... Figure 3 The example valve 100 typically corresponds to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 Example valve 100.

[0090] End 351 of SMA wire 151 is coupled to plunger 125. End 353 of SMA wire 152 is also coupled to plunger 125. End 352 of SMA wire 151 is fixed relative to the reference frame of housing 111. Similarly, end 354 of SMA wire 152 is fixed relative to the reference frame of housing 111.

[0091] In other examples, it would be possible to use more SMA wires to actuate plunger 125. For example, a count of three, four, or five SMA wires could be used. Typically, the various SMA wires can be arranged collinearly relative to each other and relative to the displacement direction 259. Using multiple SMA wires increases the actuating force 155 provided by multiple SMA wires while avoiding overload relative to each individual SMA wire. The stress on each SMA wire can be reduced. It would also be possible to increase the total force provided by multiple SMA wires while the stress on each individual SMA wire remains constant. These different design options can also be combined.

[0092] Figure 4 An aspect of the valve 100 employing a single SMA guide wire 151 is shown. The SMA guide wire 151 is arranged collinearly with the plunger 125 and the resilient member 161, i.e., in the displacement direction 259. Figure 4 In the example, the SMA conductor 151 is arranged in a U-shape. In other words, the SMA conductor 151 comprises two parts arranged parallel to each other in opposite directions. Figure 4 (Upper and lower parts of SMA conductor 151).

[0093] The two ends 351 and 352 of the SMA wire 151 are coupled to the plunger 125. In the middle region 355 of the SMA wire 151 (arranged between ends 351 and 352), the SMA wire 151 is wound around a clamp 157-1, which is fixedly arranged relative to a reference frame of the housing 111. Due to the U-shaped arrangement of the SMA wire 151, Figure 4 The example shown allows for providing significant actuation force 155 and / or significant displacement 99; at the same time, the number of electrical contacts feeding heating current into the SMA conductor 151 is limited (especially if using multiple different SMA conductors). Figure 3 (Compared to the previous situation). This simplifies the layout.

[0094] Figure 5 An aspect of the valve 100 employing a single SMA wire 151 is shown. The SMA wire 151 is arranged collinearly with the plunger 125 and the resilient member 161. Figure 5 Examples usually correspond to Figure 4 This is an example, but with a slightly inverted geometry. Here, the clamp 157-1 is coupled to the plunger 125, and the ends 351, 352 of the U-shaped SMA wire 151 are fixed in the reference frame of the housing 111. For example, the clamp 157-1 may be built into the plunger 125, and may optionally be integrally formed with the plunger 125. When assembling the actuator component 601, the clamp 157-1 may receive and engage the U-shaped cross-section of the SMA wire 151. The clamp 157-1 may be implemented by a groove, slit, or recess in the body of the plunger 125.

[0095] Figure 6 Aspects of a valve 100 comprising one or more SMA conductors arranged collinearly are shown. According to Figure 6 The example valve 100 can be combined with (e.g., in conjunction with) the valve discussed above. Figures 1 to 5 Configure it in a similar way to any of them.

[0096] Figure 6 This is a schematic side view. Figure 6 The modular configuration of valve 100 is illustrated schematically. More specifically, Figure 6 An actuator assembly 601, including an SMA wire 151, a plunger 125, and an elastic member 161, is schematically shown. The SMA wire 151, plunger 125, and elastic member 161 are all attached to a carrier 621. Figure 6 In this case, the carrier 621 is plate-shaped, but as a general rule, it can have other shapes, such as rod-shaped. The plunger 125 includes a plunger body 125-2 and a plunger cap 125-1; the plunger cap 125-1 forms a sealing surface 125-3, which is disposed at the tip (radially extending) of the plunger 125 and can seal against the fluid port 121 to seal the fluid port 121 in the closed position 91 (see...). Figure 1 The fluid port 121 is arranged in the side 612 of the housing 111 and extends away from the bottom plate 611 of the housing 111.

[0097] Figure 6 This is an exploded schematic side view of valve 100. Specifically, in... Figure 6 The image shows the manufacturing state, where actuator component 601 has been assembled, but has not yet been attached to housing 111. (See image for details.) Figure 6 As indicated by the vertical arrow, it is possible to attach the actuator component 601 to the housing 111. More specifically, the carrier 621 is elongated and extends along the displacement direction 259. The carrier 621 has an upper surface 625 and a bottom surface 626. The plunger 125, the SMA wire 151, and the elastic member 161 all extend along the upper surface 625. The bottom surface 626 can then contact the base plate 611 of the housing 111.

[0098] Then, the actuator component 601 is arranged between the fluid ports 121-122 in the fluid flow path.

[0099] Figure 6 The electrically actuated aspect of the SMA wire 151 is also schematically shown. The actuator component 601 includes electrical contacts 701 (for simplicity, in...). Figure 6 Only a single electrical contact is shown; for example, in the U-shaped arrangement of SMA wire 151 (see...). Figure 5It is possible that multiple electrical contacts 701 are arranged adjacent to each other at approximately the same location on the carrier 621. Current can be fed into the SMA wire 151 via the electrical contacts 701. For example, the electrical contacts 701 can be implemented by a crimp connector of SMA material attached to the SMA wire 151.

[0100] Figure 6 The diagram also shows an electrical pin 721 extending from the bottom surface 626 away from the carrier 621. Current can be supplied to the electrical contact 701 via the electrical pin 721.

[0101] When the actuator component 601 is attached to the housing 111, the electrical pin 721 extends through a through-hole 615 formed in the base plate 611 of the housing 111. Thus, the through-hole 615 can receive the electrical pin 721. A circuit board 631 can then be attached to the base plate 611 (and the base plate 611 can be arranged between the actuator component 601 and the circuit board 631). Using the circuit board 631, current can be controlled and supplied for actuating the SMA wire 151 (or generally any other type of electric actuator).

[0102] also, Figure 6 An electrical limit switch 705 is shown. For example, the limit switch 705 can be implemented by a circuit including a contact pin and a counter electrode. The electrical limit switch 705 is arranged relative to a plunger 125. When the plunger 125 is displaced along the displacement direction 259, the plunger 125 can trigger the electrical limit switch 705. Then, for example, by changing the duty cycle and / or amplitude, the current used to activate the SMA wire 151 can be reduced to prevent any further displacement of the plunger 125. Furthermore, a circuit board 631 can contact the electrical limit switch 705 via corresponding pins 721 extending away from the bottom surface 626 of the carrier 621 and can be received in a through-hole 615 of the bottom plate 611 of the housing 111.

[0103] Figure 6 Aspects concerning the top plate 641 are also shown. The top plate 641 can be attached to the housing 111 to form a fluid flow chamber 613. More specifically, the top plate 614 can sealably engage the top end of the side 612 of the housing 111. The actuator component 601 is arranged within the fluid flow chamber 613. The fluid flow path is confined within the fluid flow chamber 613 and isolated from the environment. Next, in conjunction with Figure 7 The discussion covers details regarding the manufacture of valve 100 and optional multi-channel valve blocks or even systems comprising multiple valve blocks.

[0104] Figure 7 It is a flowchart based on various examples of methods. Figure 7The method can manufacture: valves, multi-channel valve blocks comprising multiple valves fluidly coupled to each other, or even multiple valve blocks fluidly coupled to each other (i.e., valve block systems). Therefore, Figure 7 The method allows for manufacturing using a modular setup.

[0105] At frame 1001, one or more actuator components 601 can be assembled. Each of the one or more actuator components includes at least a corresponding carrier, plunger, and actuator to move plunger 125 between an open position and a closed position. For example, combinations as described above can be used. Figures 1 to 6 The actuator component 601 under discussion. Another option includes using an electromagnetic actuator or a piezoelectric actuator.

[0106] Based on the design of actuator component 601, different implementations of block 1001 can be envisioned. In conjunction with... Figure 8 Some aspects of possible implementations of assembling box 1001 are discussed.

[0107] Figure 8 This is a schematic side view showing parts of the actuator component 601 of the elastic member 161, where the elastic member 161 is realized by a compression spring 161 wound or coiled around a plunger 125. The plunger 125 can be moved, for example, by an electromagnetic actuator, an SMA actuator, or a piezoelectric actuator. The plunger 125 is attached to the carrier 621 using posts 661-662 having through holes 665 (see...). Figure 8 The illustration shows a cross-sectional view along line XX. The through-hole 665 and plunger 125 have non-circular cross-sections to prevent the plunger 125 from rotating within the through-hole 665. This has been found to provide additional stability, preventing actuator wear. Therefore, the assembly at frame 1001 (see...) Figure 7 This may include inserting a plunger 125 (more specifically, a plunger body 125-2) into a through-hole 665 formed on the top of the carrier 621. Before inserting the plunger 125 into the through-hole 665, it may be possible to insert the plunger 125 into the compression spring 161.

[0108] The plunger 125 includes radial protrusions 129, and a compression spring 161 abuts against a corresponding engagement surface formed by the radial protrusions 129 of the plunger 125. Specifically, it is possible that the radial protrusions extend 360° in the circumferential direction of the plunger 125; this has been found to provide a uniformly distributed biasing force 161A as a function of displacement 99. This helps reduce actuator wear, for example, wear of the SMA wire 151.

[0109] Combination Figure 9 Discussion about box 1001 (see Figure 7 Other aspects of possible implementations of the assembly of ) wherein, in Figure 9The figure shows the case where the actuator is implemented by SMA wire 151.

[0110] Figure 9 This is a schematic side view of the actuator component 601, showing a plunger 125 with a plunger cap 125-1 defining a sealing surface 125-3. A clamp 157-1 for the SMA wire 151 to the plunger 125 is achieved by a recess formed at the top of the plunger 125. This, for example, facilitates a U-shaped implementation of the SMA wire 151 (see...). Figure 5 Then, the middle portion of the SMA wire 151 can be guided into the recess. Therefore, the assembly of the frame 1001 may include: inserting the SMA wire 151 into the recess of the clamp 157-1, and then attaching the plunger cap 125-1.

[0111] Refer again Figure 7 The frame 1001, assembling one or more actuator components 601, may further include, for example, connecting the actuator's electrical contacts to one or more electrical pins. For example, when using an SMA wire 151 as the actuator, the SMA wire may be crimped to the corresponding electrical contact.

[0112] Figure 7 The diagram also illustrates a scenario where one or more actuator components are attached to housing 111 at block 1002. For example, the actuator components are attached to housing 111 only if the line-end test (which tests the displacement of the plunger between the open and closed positions) is successfully passed.

[0113] For example, it may be possible to use a press fit between the carrier 621 and the base plate 611 of the housing 111. For this purpose, the base plate 611 and / or the carrier 621 may include corresponding protrusions and associated mating surfaces or recesses to establish a press fit.

[0114] It is possible to attach each of one or more actuator components 601 individually to the housing 111. That is, it is possible, for example, to attach multiple actuator components 601 sequentially using a pick-and-place process. This simplifies the attachment process and, more importantly, makes it more reliable.

[0115] When one or more actuator components 601 are attached to housing 111, electrical pins 721 can be received through corresponding through holes 615 in the base plate 611 of housing 111. Electrical pins 721 can be used to supply power current to the electric actuator. Electrical pins 721 can be attached to the bottom surface of the carrier.

[0116] As part of frame 1002, it will also be possible to seal the through-hole 615 with a sealant. This isolates the fluid flow path between fluid ports 121-122 from the environment. The sealant also provides adhesive properties to lock one or more actuator components 601 into place relative to housing 111. The SMA wire 151 will not loosen during operation.

[0117] At frame 1003, housing 111 can be attached to circuit board 631. The circuit board is arranged adjacent to the bottom surface of base plate 611 of housing 111 (see [reference]). Figure 6 The circuit board 631 can contact the electrical pins 721 arranged in the through hole 615.

[0118] This results in the formation of one or more valves 100. When multiple valves are formed within a common housing, this can be termed a multi-channel valve block. In some cases, and even more likely, it is possible to prepare a system with multiple valve blocks. This is in Figure 10 As shown in the image.

[0119] Figure 10 Aspects of a system 800 comprising two series-coupled valve blocks 801-802 are schematically illustrated. Valve block 801 includes a plurality of valves 101-103, and valve block 802 includes a plurality of valves 104-106; these valves 101-106 can be configured as discussed above in conjunction with valve 100. Each valve 101-106 includes a corresponding actuator component 601 formed in a fluid flow chamber 613 formed by housing 111. Actuator component 601 includes a plunger and an electric actuator, such as an SMA actuator or another actuator. Actuator component 601 may include a carrier.

[0120] System 800 also includes a pump line block 805. Valve block 801 is connected to pump line block 805 via valve block 802.

[0121] As a general rule, system 800 may include two or more valve blocks 801-802. System 800 may include valve blocks coupled in series and / or in parallel.

[0122] A corresponding connecting component 811 is arranged between valve blocks 801-802 and pump pipeline block 805. This connecting component is configured to establish a fluid flow path between valve blocks 801-802 and pump pipeline block 805 (e.g., Figure 10 (As shown by the dashed lines in the diagram). According to various examples, each of these connecting parts 811 includes a corresponding elastic element (…). Figure 10(Not shown in the image). The elastic element can deform to provide positional degrees of freedom, such as translational and / or rotational degrees of freedom, for the relative displacement between adjacent valve blocks 801-802 and pump line block 805, respectively. For example, the elastic element can be implemented by inserting rubber sleeves into corresponding holes formed in the housings of valve blocks 801-802 and pump line block 805, respectively. With the help of this flexibility in positioning the components 801-802, 805 of system 800 relative to each other, it is possible to use a single shared circuit board 631. In particular, the corresponding actuator components 601 can be flexibly connected to the circuit board 631 via pins 721, wherein the circuit board 631 typically has corresponding contacts within a limited range that need to be precisely struck by the pins 721. This can be facilitated by first placing each valve block 801-802 individually on the circuit board 631 (see image). Figure 7 (Box 1003), and then, by using connecting parts 811 to form a fluid flow path, valve blocks 801-802 are connected to each other. This also... Figure 7 The middle frame 1004 is shown.

[0123] After all valve blocks are attached to the circuit board, that is, after multiple iterations of frame 1003 (if necessary), and after fluid flow paths are formed between the housings at frame 1005, it is then possible to attach the top plate 641 (see Figure 6 Specifically, the top plate 641 can be shared by multiple blocks 801-802, 805 (i.e., the top). This isolates the fluid flow path between fluid ports 121-122 from the environment. The top plate 641 can also be shared among multiple valves 100 of a multi-channel valve block.

[0124] Next, we will discuss the actual implementation of the actuator component 601, the corresponding valve 100, the multi-channel valve block 801, and the system including multiple blocks, with reference to the following figures.

[0125] Figure 11 This is a perspective view of an embodiment of actuator component 601 according to various examples. In the illustrated example, similar to... Figure 5 The schematic diagram shows the SMA wire 151 arranged in a U-shape. The compression spring 161, SMA wire 151, and plunger 125 are all arranged collinearly with respect to the displacement direction 259. The compression spring 161 is wound around the plunger 125. The plunger 125 includes a plunger body 125-2 that carries the compression spring 161, and a plunger cap 125-1 attached to the plunger body 125-2. The plunger body 125-2 is inserted into a through hole formed in two posts 661-662 on the top of the carrier 621.

[0126] Figure 12 yes Figure 11 A top view of an example actuator component 601.

[0127] Figure 13 yes Figure 11 A side view of an example actuator component 601.

[0128] Then, actuator component 601 can be attached to housing 111. This is in Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown in the image.

[0129] Figure 14 and Figure 15 yes Figure 11 The example actuator component 601 is attached to the housing 111 in a top view. Thus, valve 100 is shown. Valve 100 may be part of a multi-channel valve block.

[0130] Figure 14 The closed position 91 of plunger 125 is shown (see Figure 1 ),and Figure 15 The open position 92 of plunger 125 is shown (see Figure 2 ).

[0131] In the closed position 91, the sealing surface 125-3 of the plunger cap 125-1 engages with the circumference (e.g., O-ring) of the fluid port 121.

[0132] Figure 16 Aspects concerning column 661 are shown. Figure 16 It is along Figure 12 The image shows a cross-sectional view of line AA. Column 661 includes a through-hole 665 into which the plunger body 125-2 is inserted. The radius of the through-hole 665 is related to the radius of the plunger body 125-2. This radius variation (non-circular cross-section) prevents the plunger 125 from rotating.

[0133] Figure 16 Also shown is an elastic member 681 with shape-induced elasticity extending from an upper surface 625 away from the carrier 621. The elastic member 681 can engage with the top plate 641 (see [link]). Figure 6 This presses the carrier 621 against the base plate 611 of the housing 111. By providing elasticity, tolerances and vertical positioning of the actuator component 601 relative to the housing 111 are provided.

[0134] Figure 17 Aspects concerning column 661 are shown. Figure 17 It is along Figure 12 The image shows a cross-sectional view of line BB. (Example) Figure 17As shown, a mating surface is provided by the plunger 661, and the compression spring 161 abuts against the mating surface. The mating surface is formed along the entire circumference of the plunger body 125-2, allowing for a continuous (or even linear) force distribution with no peak value to be provided for the deflection force 161A. The spring end does not need to be clamped. The other end of the compression spring 161 is... Figure 18 As shown in the image.

[0135] Figure 18 Aspects relating to the plunger 662 and the plunger 125 (more specifically, the plunger body 125-2) are shown. Figure 18 It is along Figure 12 The figure shows a cross-sectional view of line CC. As shown, the plunger body 125-1 includes radial protrusions 129 extending along the entire circumference of the plunger 125. A compression spring 161 abuts against the engagement surface formed by the radial protrusions 129 of the plunger body 125-2. This also helps to provide a continuous force distribution for the deflecting force 161A.

[0136] Figure 19 Aspects concerning plunger 125 are shown. More specifically, Figure 19 The following describes aspects concerning the attachment of the plunger cap 125-1 to the plunger body 125-2. (See diagram for example.) Figure 19 As shown, the plunger cap 125-1 is clamped onto the plunger body 125-2. For this purpose, the plunger body 125-2 includes an end piece that can receive a corresponding cavity formed by the plunger cap 125-1.

[0137] The end piece also includes a recess forming a clamp 157-1 into which the SMA wire 151 is inserted. When the SMA wire 151 is inserted, the plunger cap 125-1 can be attached to the end piece, thereby locking the SMA wire 151 in place. This is also due to Figure 20 As shown, Figure 20 This is a cross-sectional view of the EE along the line.

[0138] Figure 21 This is a perspective view of a multi-channel valve block 801 including three valves 101-103. Valves 101-103 are 3 / 3 valves, and each is formed by two corresponding actuator components 601. Figure 21 In this case, the modular concept is emphasized by showing the state of the valve block 801 during manufacturing, where the actuator component 601 of valve 103 has been attached to housing 111; however, the actuator components 601 of valves 101-102 have not yet been attached to housing 111.

[0139] exist Figure 21 The diagram also shows a protrusion 902 provided in the side 612 of the housing 111, which can provide a corresponding mating recess 901 provided in the carrier 621 (see...). Figure 11 ; Figure 15) pressure fit.

[0140] Figure 22 This is a top view of the valve block 801 attached to the pump line block 805, that is, showing the corresponding system 800. Figure 22 In this case, all actuator components 601 are attached to the housing 111.

[0141] Although system 800 includes valve block 801 and pump line block 805, the system may include one or more other multi-channel valve blocks (see [link to system 800]) as an alternative to or supplement to pump line block 805. Figure 10 ).

[0142] Figure 23 It is a corresponding perspective top view that corresponds to the top view of valve block 801 (when attached to top plate 641).

[0143] Figure 24 This is the corresponding perspective bottom view, in which actuator component 601 (see...) Figure 11 Pin 721 protrudes from below the circuit board 631. Pin 721 extends through a through-hole 615 in the base plate 611 of the housing 111 (see...). Figure 21 ; Figure 6 ).

[0144] Figure 25 It is along Figure 22 The cross-sectional view of line FF is shown. Figure 25 Aspects relating to a connection member 811 are shown, which is used to establish an environmentally isolated fluid flow path between valve block 801 and pump line block 805. Connection member 811 includes a resilient element 815 that inserts into a corresponding sleeve extending from within the housing 111 of valve block 801 into the housing 111 of pump line block 805. The resilient element 815 provides a dual function: firstly, it isolates the fluid flow path from the environment; secondly, due to its resilience, it allows for relative positioning of valve block 801 relative to pump line block 805. This is particularly helpful, for example, in cases where multiple valve blocks are connected via corresponding connection members 811, wherein each valve block includes a pin 721 for contacting a common circuit board 631 shared among the multiple valve blocks.

[0145] As a general rule, the connecting member 811 may be plug-shaped. An adjacent housing 111 (more specifically, the side 612 of housing 111) may have a through-hole into which the plug-shaped connecting member 811 can be pushed. The connecting member 811 may include, for example, a sleeve-shaped member made of metal. An elastic element 815 may surround or be disposed within the metal sleeve. This metal sleeve can provide additional isolation from the environment.

[0146] Figure 26This is a perspective view of the connecting part 811, which shows the inserted elastic element 815.

[0147] Next, combined Figure 27 and Figure 28 The discussion covers a specific implementation of a system 800 that includes multiple valve blocks 801-803.

[0148] Figure 27 This is a top view of system 800, which includes valve blocks 801-803. Figure 28 This is the corresponding exploded perspective view. Each valve block includes multiple valves; for example, valve block 801 includes four valves 101-104 (for simplicity, the three valves of valve block 802 are not labeled, and the three valves of valve block 803 are also not labeled).

[0149] exist Figure 27 and Figure 28 In this case, each valve block 801-803 has its own housing (the boundary between housings 111 is marked by a full arrow). The housings 111 of valve blocks 801-803 are fluidly coupled via corresponding connecting elements 811. Therefore, a fluid flow path is established between valve blocks 801-803. Figure 27 The dashed lines in the diagram indicate some branches of the fluid flow path.

[0150] The connecting element 811 is plug-shaped. The connecting element 811 includes a resilient member 811 configured to provide positional freedom for the relative displacement of the respective valve blocks 801-803 relative to each other. For example, the connecting element 811, arranged to fluidly couple the interior of the housing 111 of valve block 801 with the interior of the housing 111 of valve block 802, includes a corresponding resilient element that allows the housings 111 of valve blocks 801, 802 to be separated or moved together, i.e., increasing or decreasing the corresponding gap between the housings 111. Furthermore, the resilient element can adjust the relative rotation of the housings 111 of valve blocks 801-802. The freedom of positioning of valve blocks 801-803 relative to each other allows each electric actuator of the respective actuator component 601 (in...) Figure 27 In the example above, this is achieved by an electromagnetic actuator; however, other kinds and types of electric actuators can be used, for example, in combination with the above examples. Figures 1 to 5 The actuator discussed employs SMA wire 151; furthermore, in Figure 27 and Figure 28 In the diagram, actuator components 601 are shown attached to the housing 111 of valve blocks 801-803 and are electrically connected to circuit board 631. Here, valve pins can be coupled to circuit board 631, more specifically, to a size-constrained electrical contact area of ​​circuit board 631. Figure 28As shown, the base plate of housing 111 is arranged between actuator component 601, which includes an electric actuator (here: solenoid valve), and circuit board 631. Therefore, pins can extend through through-holes formed in the base plate of housing 111 (see...). Figure 6 ).

[0151] In addition, such as Figure 28 As shown, it is possible that each valve block 801-803 has its own top plate 641, which is sealed to the upper end of the side 612 of the housing 111. In other examples, a single top plate 641 may be used. This can be advantageous, for example, in terms of manufacturing the top plate using laser cutting and structural robustness.

[0152] Figure 29 This is a perspective view of an example embodiment of the connecting member 811. The connecting member 811 includes an elastic element 861, for example, made of rubber. The elastic element 861 is cylindrical so as to extend between the interiors of the housings 111 of adjacent valve blocks 801-803. The elastic element 861 has a flange 862 at its end, for example, to provide better isolation from the environment. Additionally, an optional metal sleeve-like tube 871 is present, inserted into the elastic element 861. This establishes a fluid flow path (dashed line).

[0153] In summary, techniques that facilitate efficient switching of fluid flow paths have been described. Valves relying on pre-assembled actuator components, multi-channel valve blocks, and systems comprising multiple valve blocks have been described. Thus, a modular setup can be used to flexibly configure various settings for switching one or more fluid flow paths.

[0154] A linear configuration of SMA-based actuator components has been described, which can be attached to a housing to form a valve. This allows for the provision of compact and lightweight valves.

[0155] In summary, at least the following examples have been described:

[0156] Example 1: An actuator component (601) configured to mate with a housing (111) to form a valve (100-106), the actuator component comprising:

[0157] - A carrier (621) that can be attached to a shell (111),

[0158] - Plungers (125, 125-1, 125-2, 125-3), arranged on the carrier (621), and including a sealing surface (125-3) arranged at the top of the plungers (125, 125-1, 125-2, 125-3),

[0159] - A shape memory alloy actuator (151, 152), which is arranged collinearly with the plungers (125, 125-1, 125-2, 125-3) between the carrier (621) and the plungers (125, 125-1, 125-2, 125-3), and configured to apply an actuating force to the plungers (125, 125-1, 125-2, 125-3), and

[0160] - A spring (161) is arranged collinearly with the plungers (125, 125-1, 125-2, 125-3) between the carrier (621) and the plungers (125, 125-1, 125-2, 125-3) and configured to apply a biasing force to the plungers (125, 125-1, 125-2, 125-3).

[0161] Example 2: Actuator component (601) of Example 1.

[0162] The plunger (125, 125-1, 125-2, 125-3) includes a plunger body (125-2) and a plunger cap (125-1) attached to the plunger body (125-2).

[0163] The sealing surface (125-3) is formed by the plunger cap (125-2).

[0164] Example 3: Actuator component (601) of Example 2.

[0165] Among them, the shape memory alloy actuators (151, 152) are attached to the plungers (125, 125-1, 125-2, 125-3) in the recess (157-1) formed between the plunger body (125-2) and the plunger cap (125-1).

[0166] Example 4: Actuator component (601) of any of the preceding examples.

[0167] Among them, the spring (161) is a compression spring (161) wound on the plunger (125, 125-1, 125-2, 125-3).

[0168] Example 5, Actuator component (601) of Example 4,

[0169] The plunger (125, 125-1, 125-2, 125-3) includes a radial protrusion (129) extending 360° in the circumferential direction of the plunger (125, 125-1, 125-2, 125-3).

[0170] The compression spring (161) abuts against the engagement surface formed by the radial protrusions of the plungers (125, 125-1, 125-2, 125-3).

[0171] Example 6 The actuator component (601) of any of the preceding examples further includes:

[0172] - At least one through hole (665) formed on the top of the carrier (621),

[0173] The plungers (125, 125-1, 125-2, 125-3) are arranged in at least one through hole (665).

[0174] Example 7, Actuator component (601) of Example 6,

[0175] Among them, at least one through hole (665) and plunger (125, 125-1, 125-2, 125-3) have a non-circular cross-section.

[0176] Example 8: Actuator component (601) of any of the preceding examples.

[0177] The carrier (621) is an elongated shape having an upper surface (625) and a bottom surface (626).

[0178] Among them, plungers (125, 125-1, 125-2, 125-3), shape memory alloy actuators (151, 152) and springs (161) extend along the upper surface (625).

[0179] The actuator component (601) of Example 9 and Example 8 further includes:

[0180] - Electrical contacts (701), configured to contact shape memory alloy actuators (151, 152), and

[0181] - An electrical pin (721) is electrically connected to an electrical contact (701) and extends away from the bottom surface (626) of the carrier (621).

[0182] The actuator component (601) of Example 10, Example 8, or 9 further includes:

[0183] - An elastic member (681) extends away from the upper surface (625) of the carrier (621) and is configured to engage with the top plate (641) to press the carrier (621) onto the bottom plate (611) of the housing (111).

[0184] Example 11 A valve (100-106) includes:

[0185] -Actuator component (601) of any of the aforementioned examples,

[0186] - A housing (111) including a base plate (611) for engaging the actuator component (601), the housing (111) also including a first fluid port (121) and a second fluid port (122),

[0187] The actuator component (601) is arranged such that the sealing surface (125-3) of the plunger (125, 125-1, 125-2, 125-3) can seal and engage the first fluid port (121).

[0188] Example 12: The valve (100-106) of Example 11.

[0189] The actuator component (601) is arranged between the first fluid port (121) and the second fluid port (122) in the fluid flow path between the first fluid port (121) and the second fluid port (122).

[0190] Example 13: Valves from Example 11 or 12 (100-106),

[0191] In this process, a protrusion (902) is used to press-fit the carrier (621) into the shell (111).

[0192] Example 14 The valve (100-106) of any of Examples 11 to 13 further includes:

[0193] - A circuit board (631) including circuits (701, 705) configured to provide current to actuate shape memory alloy actuators (151, 152).

[0194] The housing (111) is at least partially disposed between the circuit board (631) and the carrier (621).

[0195] The housing (111) includes a through hole (615) configured to receive an electrical pin of an actuator component (601) extending toward the circuit board (631).

[0196] Example 15 A system (800) comprising:

[0197] - Valve blocks (801-803), which include a plurality of valves (100-106) according to any of the examples 11 to 14,

[0198] - At least one of another valve block (801) or pump line block (805), which is electrically connected to the circuit board (631) of the valve block (801-803),

[0199] - A connecting component (811) is attached to the housing (111) of valve blocks (801-803) and to the housing (111) of at least one of another valve block (801-803) or pump line block (805), and is configured to establish a fluid flow path between valve blocks (801-803) and at least one of another valve block (801-803) or pump line block (805).

[0200] The connecting component (811) includes an elastic element (815) configured to provide positional freedom for the relative displacement between the valve block (801-803) and at least one of the other valve block (801-803) or the pump line block (805).

[0201] Example 16 A method includes:

[0202] - Assemble (1001) one or more actuator components (601), each of the one or more actuator components (601) including a carrier (621), plungers (125, 125-1, 125-2, 125-3) arranged on the carrier (621), and actuators (151, 152) arranged on the carrier (621), and

[0203] - After the assembly (1001), one or more actuator components (601) are attached (100-1062) to the housing (111), the housing (111) including at least one corresponding fluid port (121-123) for each of the one or more actuator components (601).

[0204] The methods in Example 17 and Example 16 also include:

[0205] - Attach (1002) the housing (111) to the circuit board (631), the circuit board (631) being arranged adjacent to the bottom surface of the base plate (611) of the housing (111), and one or more actuator components (601) being arranged adjacent to the top surface of the base plate (611) of the housing (111).

[0206] The methods in Example 18 and Example 17,

[0207] The base plate of the housing (111) includes one or more through holes (615), wherein pins (721) of one or more actuator components (601) are arranged in the one or more through holes (615).

[0208] The method further includes:

[0209] - Seal one or more through holes (615) with a sealant.

[0210] The methods in Examples 17 or 18, as shown in Example 19, also include:

[0211] - Attach another housing (111) to the circuit board (631), and attach one or more other actuator components (601) to the other housing, and

[0212] - A fluid flow path (1005) is formed between housing (111) and another housing (111) using a connecting member (811) including an elastic element (815).

[0213] Example 20: A method from any of Examples 16 through 19.

[0214] Each of one or more actuator components (601) includes a corresponding elastic member extending away from the top surface of the carrier (621).

[0215] The method further includes:

[0216] - Attach (100-1064) top plate (641) so as to press one or more actuator components (601) onto housing (111) via elastic members.

[0217] Example 21 A system (800) comprising:

[0218] - Multiple valve blocks (801-803) attached to the circuit board (631), each valve block (801-803) including a corresponding housing (111) and one or more valves (101-106) in the corresponding housing (111), and

[0219] - One or more connecting parts (811) fluidly connected to the interior of the housing (111) of a plurality of valve blocks (801-803), each of the one or more connecting parts (811) including a corresponding elastic element configured to provide positional freedom for the relative displacement of the respective two valve blocks relative to each other.

[0220] Example 22: The system of Example 21

[0221] Each of the one or more valves (101-106) includes one or more electrical pins (721) coupled to the circuit board (631).

[0222] The system of Example 23 and Example 22,

[0223] One or more pins (721) extend through a through hole (615) formed in the base plate (611) of the corresponding housing (111).

[0224] Example 24 The system of any of Examples 21 to 23 further includes:

[0225] - Top plate (641), which is sealed to the side (612) of the housing (111) of a plurality of valve blocks (801-803).

[0226] Although the invention has been shown and described with respect to certain preferred embodiments, equivalents and modifications will be made by those skilled in the art upon reading and understanding the specification. The invention includes all such equivalents and modifications and is limited only by the scope of the appended claims.

[0227] For illustration, various examples have been described in conjunction with embodiments of the actuator components that rely on a collinear arrangement of the plunger, SMA wire, and spring. In other examples, it will be possible to implement another arrangement of the plunger and SMA wire within the spring, for example, a lever-type structure. In particular, other designs may also benefit from the modularity provided by assembling the actuator components before attaching them to the housing. Similarly, other designs may also benefit from modularity, i.e., the ability to connect multiple valve blocks via connecting elements, each valve block comprising one or more of us, these connecting elements providing positional freedom of the valve blocks relative to each other, allowing a single circuit board to be shared.

[0228] To further illustrate, various examples of actuator components for moving a plunger between a closed and open position have been described in conjunction with embodiments using SMA wires as actuators. Various examples (in particular, modular arrangements using carriers capable of being attached to a housing to form a valve and / or using multiple valve blocks fluidly connected via connecting members) can be similarly implemented using other kinds and types of actuators (e.g., piezoelectric or electromagnetic actuators).

[0229] To further illustrate, various examples have been described in conjunction with modular implementations, in which the actuator and plunger are assembled onto a carrier to form an actuator component, which can then be attached to the housing. It is also conceivable that the actuator component does not require a separate carrier unit. Here, it is possible that the actuator itself could provide the carrier function, i.e., mount the plunger and connect to the housing. This is conceivable, for example, for piezoelectric actuators. Similarly, various examples have been described in conjunction with implementations where the carrier is a plate. Other forms and implementations of the carrier are conceivable, such as rod-shaped carriers, etc.

Claims

1. An actuator component (601) configured to cooperate with a housing (111) to form a valve (100-106), the actuator component comprising: a carrier (621) attachable to the housing (111), a plunger arranged on the carrier (621) and comprising a sealing surface (125-3) arranged at a top end of the plunger, a shape memory alloy actuator (151, 152) arranged in line with the plunger between the carrier (621) and the plunger and configured to exert an actuation force on the plunger, and a spring (161) arranged in line with the plunger between the carrier (621) and the plunger and configured to exert a biasing force on the plunger, wherein the carrier (621) is elongated in shape with an upper surface (625) and a bottom surface (626), wherein the plunger, the shape memory alloy actuator (151, 152) and the spring (161) extend along the upper surface (625), characterized in that the housing (111) comprises a bottom plate (611), a top plate (641) and side portions (612), and a resilient member (681) extending away from the upper surface (625) of the carrier (621) and configured to engage the top plate (641) to press the carrier (621) against the bottom plate (611) of the housing (111), wherein the top plate is configured to sealingly engage a top end of the side portions (612) of the housing (111).

2. The actuator component (601) of claim 1, wherein the plunger comprises a plunger body (125-2) and a plunger cap (125-1) attached to the plunger body (125-2), wherein the sealing surface (125-3) is formed by the plunger cap (125-1), wherein the shape memory alloy actuator (151, 152) is attached to the plunger in a recess (157-1) formed between the plunger body (125-2) and the plunger cap (125-1).

3. The actuator component (601) of claim 1, wherein the spring (161) is a compression spring wound around the plunger, wherein the plunger comprises radial protrusions (129) extending 360° in a circumferential direction of the plunger, wherein the compression spring abuts an engagement surface formed by the radial protrusions of the plunger.

4. The actuator component (601) of claim 1, further comprising: at least one through hole formed in a top portion of the carrier (621), wherein the plunger is arranged in the at least one through hole.

5. The actuator component (601) of claim 1, further comprising: an electrical contact (701) configured to contact the shape memory alloy actuator (151, 152), and an electrical pin (721) electrically connected to the electrical contact (701) and extending away from the bottom surface (626) of the carrier (621).

6. A valve (100-106) comprising: An actuator component (601) according to claim 1, a housing (111) comprising the base plate (611) that engages the actuator component (601), the housing (111) further comprising a first fluid port (121) and a second fluid port (122), wherein the actuator component (601) is arranged such that a sealing surface (125-3) of the plunger is able to sealingly engage the first fluid port (121), wherein the actuator component (601) is arranged in a fluid flow path between the first fluid port (121) and the second fluid port (122) between the first fluid port (121) and the second fluid port (122).

7. The valve (100-106) of claim 6, further comprising: a circuit board (631) comprising a circuit (701, 705) configured to provide an electric current to actuate the shape memory alloy actuator (151, 152), wherein the housing (111) is arranged at least partially between the circuit board (631) and the carrier (621), wherein the housing (111) comprises a through hole configured to receive an electrical pin of the actuator component (601) extending towards the circuit board (631).

8. A system (800) comprising a plurality of valve blocks, wherein, The valve block comprises a plurality of valves (100-106) according to claim 6, and the system further comprises: at least one of another valve block or a pump manifold block (805) electrically connected to the circuit board (631) of the valve block, a connection component (811) attached to the housing of the valve block and to the housing of at least one of the other valve block or the pump manifold block (805) and configured to establish a fluid flow path between the valve block and at least one of the other valve block or the pump manifold block (805), wherein the connection component (811) comprises a resilient element (815) configured to provide a degree of freedom in position for relative displacement between the valve block and at least one of the other valve block or the pump manifold block (805).

9. A method of assembling a valve according to claim 6, comprising: assembling one or more actuator components (601) according to claim 1, and attaching the assembled one or more actuator components (601) to the housing (111), the housing (111) comprising for each of the one or more actuator components (601) at least one respective fluid port.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: attaching the housing (111) to a circuit board (631) arranged adjacent to a bottom surface of a base plate (611) of the housing (111), the one or more actuator components (601) arranged adjacent to a top surface of the base plate (611) of the housing (111), wherein the bottom plate of the housing (111) comprises one or more through holes, wherein electrical pins (721) of the one or more actuator components (601) are arranged in the one or more through holes, wherein the method further comprises: sealing the one or more through holes using a sealant.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising: attaching a further housing to the circuit board (631), one or more further actuator components attached to the further housing, and forming a fluid flow path between the housing (111) and the further housing using a connection component (811) comprising a resilient element (815).

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the resilient element (815) is a spring.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the resilient element (815) is a rubber element.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein the resilient element (815) is a silicone element.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the resilient element (815) is a polymer element.

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