A method, apparatus and blockchain system for carbon activity management

Abstract

The application discloses a carbon activity management method, device and blockchain system, the method comprises the following steps: obtaining carbon activity data of a target emission node by a clearing contract, the carbon activity data comprises carbon emission quota, carbon transaction data and carbon emission data within a target period; determining carbon assets of the target emission node within the target period based on the carbon activity data; determining clearing and settlement data of the target emission node according to the carbon assets and the carbon emission data; and storing the clearing and settlement data as carbon activity data on a chain. In the foregoing manner, the carbon activity of the target emission node can be reflected through carbon activity data such as carbon emission quota, carbon transaction data and carbon emission data, and the clearing and settlement data is also stored on a chain, so that the data of various carbon activities is included in the management of carbon activities, the carbon activity data included in the management is more comprehensive, and it is beneficial to comprehensively supervise and manage the carbon activities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of blockchain technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus and blockchain system for carbon activity management. Background Technology

[0002] Blockchain technology is a fusion technology of P2P (peer-to-peer) technology, cryptography, mathematics, computer programming and other technologies. It is a chain-like data structure that combines blocks in chronological order and adjacent blocks through a one-way connection of their first and last hash values. It is a technology in which distributed nodes jointly participate in accounting and jointly maintain a complete distributed database.

[0003] The carbon life cycle includes activities such as carbon verification, carbon quota allocation, carbon trading, compliance settlement, and carbon finance. Based on the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction, carbon activities of key emission units need to be managed. However, the current management of carbon activities is not comprehensive enough and the management is inadequate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main technical problem addressed in this application is to provide a method, device, and blockchain system for carbon activity management, capable of managing carbon activities throughout their entire lifecycle.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical issues, this application proposes a method for carbon activity management, comprising: obtaining carbon activity data of a target emission node through a cleanup contract, the carbon activity data including carbon emission allowances, carbon trading data, and carbon emission data within a target period; determining the carbon assets of the target emission node within the target period based on the carbon activity data; determining the cleanup compliance data of the target emission node based on the carbon assets and carbon emission data; and storing the cleanup compliance data on the blockchain as carbon activity data.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, another technical solution adopted in this application is to provide a carbon activity management device, which includes a processor and a memory. The memory is used to store program data, and the processor is used to execute the program data to implement the relevant steps of any node in the above method.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, another technical solution adopted in this application is to provide a blockchain system for implementing the above method. The blockchain system includes target emission nodes and a cleanup contract is deployed in the blockchain system.

[0008] In the above scheme, carbon activity data such as carbon emission allowances, carbon trading data, and carbon emission data are used to reflect the carbon activities of the target emission nodes. The above data is used for collection and management, and the collection and compliance data is also stored on the blockchain. In this way, carbon activity data such as carbon allowance allocation, carbon trading, carbon emission, and collection and compliance are all included in the management of carbon activities, making the carbon activity data under management more comprehensive and conducive to comprehensive supervision and management of carbon activities. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the carbon activity management method of this application;

[0010] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating another embodiment of step S130 in this application;

[0011] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating another embodiment of the carbon activity management method of this application;

[0012] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating another embodiment of step S330 of this application;

[0013] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of an embodiment of the carbon activity management device of this application;

[0014] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a framework of an embodiment of the computer-readable storage medium of this application;

[0015] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of an embodiment of the blockchain system of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the purpose, technical solution and effects of this application clearer and more explicit, the following describes this application in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0017] In this document, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship. Furthermore, "many" in this document means two or more. Moreover, the term "at least one" in this document means any combination of at least two of any one or more of a plurality of objects. For example, including at least one of A, B, and C can mean including any one or more elements selected from the set consisting of A, B, and C.

[0018] It is understood that the methods of this application may include the methods provided by any of the following method embodiments and any combination of the following method embodiments that do not conflict.

[0019] It is understood that this application involves a specific application of blockchain technology. Specifically, the blockchain in this application can be a consortium blockchain used for carbon activity management. Any device running a consortium blockchain architecture can join the consortium blockchain network and become a node. Each party participating in carbon activities can have at least one device join the consortium blockchain and become a node. For example, the parties participating in carbon activities include key emitting entities, third-party verification agencies, environmental protection departments, and carbon exchanges. Key emitting entities refer to enterprises or other economic organizations within the national carbon emission trading market whose annual greenhouse gas emissions reach 26,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent or more. Key emitting entities are correspondingly deployed emission nodes. Third-party verification agencies are professional institutions with certain qualifications and capabilities that, according to prescribed verification rules, technical standards, and procedural requirements, verify the carbon emission reports submitted by entities included in quota management, issue independent verification conclusions, and assume corresponding responsibilities. Third-party verification agencies are correspondingly deployed verification nodes. Environmental protection departments are mainly responsible for organizing and carrying out carbon verification, carbon quota allocation, and compliance settlement. The relevant departments are responsible for managing, supervising, and guiding the activities related to carbon trading, and the ecological and environmental departments have corresponding regulatory nodes. Carbon exchanges mainly supervise the carbon trading market and entrust third-party assessment agencies to assess the value of priority purchase rights. These exchanges are mainly located at all levels and in various regions, and each carbon exchange has corresponding trading nodes. In some embodiments, there may be multiple trading nodes in a consortium blockchain. Financial institutions mainly refer to entities that provide financing services to key emission units. They need to analyze the risks of key emission units based on carbon lifecycle data and credit assessment models, and then provide financing to key emission units. Financial institutions have corresponding financial service nodes.

[0020] It should be noted that multiple smart contracts can be deployed in the consortium blockchain in this application embodiment. For a smart contract, each blockchain node deploys the smart contract. All blockchain nodes will judge whether the current state meets the triggering conditions of the smart contract. If it does, the smart contract will be executed. All blockchain nodes that have deployed the smart contract will participate in the execution of the smart contract. After the smart contract is executed, all blockchain nodes can put the execution result on the chain for consensus.

[0021] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the carbon activity management method of this application. Specifically, the method may include the following steps:

[0022] Step S110: Clear the contract to obtain carbon activity data for the target emission nodes.

[0023] For the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction, it is necessary to manage the carbon activities of key emitting entities, such as carbon emission verification, carbon trading management, and settlement and compliance management. Specifically, the management of carbon activities of key emitting entities can be periodic. For example, settlement and compliance refers to the requirement for key emitting entities to periodically submit carbon assets corresponding to their emissions to the ecological and environmental protection department to offset their carbon emissions. Typically, this can be done on a one-year basis, requiring key emitting entities to submit carbon assets corresponding to their emissions for that year to complete settlement and compliance. Carbon assets include carbon allowances and CCERs (Chinese Certified Emission Reductions). Carbon allowances can be obtained through free allocation by the ecological and environmental protection department and / or through auctions. Carbon allowances and CCERs can also be obtained through trading with other emitting entities.

[0024] Taking a one-year settlement cycle as an example, in a specific application scenario, the emitting node first needs to prepare a carbon emission report for the previous year, including the carbon emission data for that year. Then, the environmental protection department commissions a third-party verification agency to verify the carbon emission report. Following this, carbon emission allowances for the previous year are allocated. Finally, the emitting node completes the settlement work for the previous year within a preset timeframe. Alternatively, allowance allocation can be conducted multiple times through auctions. Emitting nodes can also trade carbon assets at any time. It should be noted that the annual verification process must be carried out after the report is issued, and the settlement must be performed last. In some embodiments, the execution order of other steps can be reversed.

[0025] It is understandable that there may be several emission nodes in a consortium blockchain, and each emission node can be used as a target emission node for several cleanups. In this embodiment, we take a certain emission node as the target emission node as an example to illustrate the cleanup and fulfillment process of a target emission node.

[0026] Carbon activity data refers to the data generated by the target emission nodes in their carbon activities. Carbon activities include carbon allowances, carbon trading, carbon emissions, and compliance with carbon emission regulations. Carbon activity data may include, but is not limited to, carbon emission allowances, carbon trading data, and carbon emission data within the target period. Carbon emission allowances refer to the greenhouse gas emission quotas allocated by the regulatory node to the target emission node. Carbon trading data refers to the relevant data of the target emission node regarding carbon asset trading. Carbon emission data within the target period includes the carbon emission amount of the target emission node within the target period and other relevant emission data.

[0027] It should be noted that the carbon activity data of the target emission node can be uploaded to the blockchain by the relevant node that possesses the aforementioned carbon activity data, along with the address of the cleanup contract. This blockchain upload operation will trigger the cleanup contract to obtain the carbon activity data and execute subsequent cleanup steps. After the cleanup contract completes the cleanup operation, the carbon activity data will be uploaded to the blockchain for storage.

[0028] In some embodiments, a portion of the carbon activity data may already be stored on the blockchain, while another portion may be uploaded to the blockchain by relevant nodes. This uploading operation triggers the cleanup contract to obtain the data uploaded to the blockchain by relevant nodes (at which point the data has not yet been stored on the blockchain) and to retrieve data from the blockchain for subsequent processing steps. After the cleanup contract completes the cleanup operation, the data uploaded to the blockchain by relevant nodes will be stored on the blockchain.

[0029] Step S120: The cleanup contract determines the carbon assets of the target emission nodes based on carbon activity data.

[0030] Specifically, based on carbon activity data related to carbon assets, all current carbon assets at the target emission node can be identified, which can be used in the subsequent carbon emission cleanup process within the target period.

[0031] Step S130: Based on carbon assets and carbon emission data, determine the settlement and compliance data for the target emission nodes.

[0032] The carbon assets at the target emission node may be greater than or less than the corresponding amount to be paid out for carbon emissions within the target period. The payment compliance data for the target emission node is determined based on whether the carbon assets can be used to complete the current payment. This payment compliance data includes the amount and timing of the payment.

[0033] Step S140: The cleanup contract stores the cleanup compliance data on the blockchain as carbon activity data.

[0034] It should be noted that carbon compliance is also a type of carbon activity, so carbon compliance data can also be stored on the blockchain as carbon activity data. Specifically, carbon compliance data can be stored on the blockchain along with the data triggered by the carbon compliance contract.

[0035] The above scheme reflects the carbon activities of target emission nodes through carbon activity data such as carbon emission allowances, carbon trading data, and carbon emission data. It uses the above data for collection and management, and stores the collection and compliance data on the blockchain as well. In this way, the data of carbon activities such as carbon allowance allocation, carbon trading, carbon emission, and collection and compliance are all included in the management of carbon activities, making the carbon activity data under management more comprehensive and conducive to comprehensive supervision and management of carbon activities.

[0036] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating another embodiment of step S130 in this application. Specifically, step S130 may include the following steps:

[0037] Step S231: The settlement contract determines whether the carbon assets and carbon emission data meet the first preset requirements, and determines whether the carbon assets meet the second preset requirements.

[0038] The first preset requirement is that carbon assets exceed carbon emissions, and the second preset requirement is that the CCERs used for cleanup are less than or equal to a preset percentage of carbon emissions. The second preset requirement is essentially a limit on the proportion of CCERs used for cleanup; that is, the target emission node can have CCERs exceeding a preset percentage of carbon emissions, but when using CCERs for cleanup, the CCERs must be less than the preset percentage of carbon emissions. The execution order of the above two judgment steps can be interchanged; for example, they can be executed sequentially or simultaneously.

[0039] In a specific application scenario, the cleanup contract determines whether the total carbon assets of the target emission node are greater than its carbon emissions within the target period, and whether the CCERs used for cleanup are less than five percent of its carbon emissions within the target period.

[0040] If all results obtained in step S231 are yes, then proceed to step S232; if any result is no, then proceed to step S233.

[0041] Step S232: Clear and write off the carbon assets corresponding to the carbon emission data of the target emission nodes under the contract.

[0042] If the first and second preset requirements are met, the carbon assets held by the target emission node can meet the clearance requirements. In this case, the carbon assets of the target emission node are written off in an amount equal to its carbon emissions within the target period. The carbon assets used for write-off may include carbon asset quotas and CCERs.

[0043] In some embodiments, the settlement contract may first be settled using CCERs according to a preset ratio in the second preset requirement, and then settled using carbon emission allowances.

[0044] In some embodiments, the settlement contract may first use carbon emission allowances for settlement, and if the carbon emission allowance is less than the carbon emission amount, the settlement cannot be completed using carbon emission allowances alone, and the settlement will continue to be completed using CCERs in accordance with the preset ratio in the second preset requirement.

[0045] Step S233: Clear the carbon assets corresponding to a portion of the carbon emission data of the target emission node under the contract write-off, issue a clearance notice to the target emission node, and transfer a preset amount of deposit from the target emission node's account as a penalty.

[0046] If either the first or second preset requirement cannot be met, the carbon assets held by the target emission node will not meet the cleanup requirements. In this case, the cleanup contract can partially clean up the target emission node's existing carbon assets, writing off carbon assets corresponding to a portion of its carbon emissions. If the target emission node fails to complete the cleanup, the cleanup contract can issue a cleanup reminder to the target emission node to prompt it to fulfill its cleanup obligations as soon as possible, and deduct a preset amount from the target emission node's account as a penalty. This preset amount can be adjusted according to actual needs; it can be a fixed amount or it can change based on the cleanup progress.

[0047] Specifically, the settlement agreement can first be settled using CCERs according to the preset ratio in the second preset requirement, and then settled using carbon emission allowances. Alternatively, it can first be settled using carbon emission allowances, and then settled using CCERs according to the preset ratio in the second preset requirement.

[0048] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating another embodiment of the carbon activity management method of this application. Specifically, the method may include the following steps:

[0049] Step S310: The target emission node stores the carbon emission data for the target period on the blockchain.

[0050] Generally speaking, if the previous year is used as the target period for the cleanup, then considering factors such as the accuracy of carbon emission data within the target period, the target emission point is usually implemented in the current year in step S310.

[0051] Specifically, target emission nodes can store their self-compiled carbon emission reports corresponding to the target period on the blockchain. The carbon emission reports include the carbon emission data of the target emission node within the target period.

[0052] Step S320: The verification node obtains carbon emission data and stores the verification results of the carbon emission data on the blockchain.

[0053] Among them, the verification nodes correspond to third-party verification agencies commissioned by the ecological and environmental departments to verify carbon emission reports.

[0054] Specifically, as nodes in the consortium blockchain, verification nodes can retrieve the carbon emission reports containing carbon emission data from the target emitting node after it uploads these reports to the blockchain. After verifying the carbon emission reports according to certain verification rules, technical standards, and procedural requirements, the verification results can be stored on the blockchain. In a specific application scenario, a verification node can generate a verification report on the target emitting node's carbon emission report as the verification result and store this result on the blockchain.

[0055] In some embodiments, since the third-party verification agency is commissioned by the ecological and environmental department to conduct the verification, step S320 can be executed by the regulatory node. The regulatory node obtains carbon emission data, sends the data to the third-party verification agency, receives the verification results sent by the third-party verification agency, and stores the verification results on the blockchain.

[0056] Step S330: Determine the carbon emission allowances for the target emission nodes using an allocation method and / or an auction method, and store the carbon emission allowances on the blockchain.

[0057] Understandably, similar to the periodic settlement process, the allocation of carbon emission allowances can also be carried out periodically, and the allocation cycle can correspond to the settlement cycle. For example, the carbon emission allowances for each emission node in the previous year can be determined in the current year. However, carbon emission allowances do not have an expiration date. If the carbon emission allowances determined in the current year exceed the carbon emissions of the previous year, then after settlement and compliance, there may be remaining carbon emission allowances. The remaining carbon emission allowances can be used for settlement of the corresponding carbon emissions in the current year or can be used for trading with other emission nodes.

[0058] In some embodiments, carbon emission allowances can be confirmed through allocation. In such cases, regulatory nodes can pre-deploy allowance contracts for calculating allowances on the blockchain to determine the carbon emission allowances for each emission node using an allocation method.

[0059] In some embodiments, carbon emission allowances can be confirmed through an auction. In such cases, regulatory nodes can deploy auction contracts on the blockchain in advance to determine the carbon emission allowances of each emission node through an auction.

[0060] In some embodiments, the confirmation of carbon emission allowances can be carried out in a combination of allocation and auction, such as allocation as the main method and auction as a supplement, or auction as the main method and allocation as a supplement.

[0061] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4This is a flowchart illustrating another embodiment of step S330 of this application. Specifically, step S330 may include the following steps:

[0062] Step S431: The quota contract obtains the target data of the target emission node.

[0063] Understandably, quota contracts are triggered by data uploaded to the blockchain. This uploaded data can include all the data required by the quota contract—the target data for the target emission node—or only a portion of the data required by the quota contract—that is, partial target data. If the uploaded data includes all the target data for the target emission node, the quota contract directly obtains the uploaded target data. If the uploaded data includes only partial target data, with the remaining target data stored on the blockchain, the quota contract can obtain the uploaded partial target data and retrieve the remaining target data from the blockchain, thus acquiring all the data required by the quota contract.

[0064] Step S432: The quota contract uses target data to determine carbon emission quotas in a preset manner.

[0065] It is understandable that carbon emission quotas can be determined through at least one of the following methods: the historical total method, the historical intensity method, or the baseline method. The historical total method means that carbon emission quotas are determined based on historical total emissions, and emission reductions are achieved by controlling the reduction of the next year's carbon emission quota compared to the historical total emissions. The historical intensity method achieves emission reductions and determines carbon emission quotas by controlling the next year's carbon emission intensity to be lower than the historical emission intensity. The baseline method sorts the carbon emissions of the same product at different emission points from smallest to largest, selecting a certain percentage as the baseline. Carbon emission quotas can then be determined based on product output and the corresponding baseline. The baseline method can be used for industries with good data foundation, simple products, and strong comparability, such as the power generation industry and the electrolytic aluminum industry.

[0066] Specifically, the target data can include historical emission data for the target emission nodes. Determining carbon emission quotas using the target data in a preset manner can include calculating historical average emission data based on the historical emission data, directly using the average emission data as the carbon emission quota, or adjusting the average emission data based on a preset emission reduction factor to determine the carbon emission quota. For example, historical emission data can include carbon emission data for the target emission nodes over the past three to five years. The average emission data is calculated from the average of the carbon emission data over the past three years and used as the carbon emission quota, or the carbon emission quota is obtained by multiplying the average emission data by a preset emission reduction factor of 0.95.

[0067] In some embodiments, target data may include historical emission data of target emission nodes. Determining carbon emission quotas using target data in a preset manner may include: calculating the historical emission intensity per unit of output based on historical emission data and corresponding historical output; directly multiplying the historical emission intensity per unit of output by the output of the current year as the carbon emission quota; or adjusting the historical emission intensity per unit of output based on a preset adjustment coefficient; and multiplying the adjusted historical emission intensity per unit of output by the output of the current year as the carbon emission quota. The adjustment parameter may be used to reflect factors such as previous emission reduction incentives, emission reduction potential, encouragement of clean technologies, and industry growth trends.

[0068] In some embodiments, target data includes the output of each product at the target emission node, and determining carbon emission allowances using the target data in a preset manner may include determining carbon emission allowances based on the output of various products and the baseline emissions corresponding to each product.

[0069] Understandably, after confirming carbon emission allowances, the allowance contract can store the identifier of each emission node, the carbon emission allowance of that emission node, and the signature information of the regulatory node on the blockchain, thereby allocating carbon emission allowances to each emission node.

[0070] Steps S431-S432 above are the steps related to confirming carbon emission allowances using an allocation method. In some embodiments, taking an auction with a target carbon emission allowance as the auction object as an example, confirming carbon emission allowances using an auction method may include the following steps: the target emission node encrypts the auction bid corresponding to the target carbon emission allowance and stores the ciphertext of the auction bid on the blockchain; the auction contract obtains the ciphertext of the auction bids of several emission nodes and compares them; the auction contract determines the ownership of the target carbon emission allowance based on the auction bids.

[0071] The target carbon emission allowance can be assigned to one or more emission nodes. After determining the ownership of the target carbon emission allowance, the auction contract can store the target emission node to which the target carbon emission allowance belongs and the corresponding auction bid in plaintext on the blockchain. The auction bids of other emission nodes can be stored in encrypted form on the blockchain. In addition, the identifier of each emission node, the target carbon emission allowance corresponding to that emission node, and the signature information of the regulatory node can also be stored on the blockchain, thereby realizing the allocation of target carbon emission allowances to each emission node.

[0072] Understandably, the allocation method for confirming carbon emission allowances does not require the participation of emitting nodes, while the auction method requires each emitting node to participate in bidding for the target carbon emission allowances. The triggering conditions for the auction contract may include the recording of a predetermined number of bids on the blockchain, or the auction deadline.

[0073] In this auction, the bid can be the unit price offered by the target emission nodes for the target carbon emission allowance. After ranking the target emission nodes based on their bids according to the unit price, the target carbon emission allowances corresponding to their needs are allocated to the target emission nodes in descending order of bids, until the target carbon emission allowances are exhausted. For example, if the target carbon emission allowance is 1 million tons, 500,000 tons are allocated to the target emission node with the highest bid, 400,000 tons are allocated to the target emission node with the second highest bid, and the remaining 100,000 tons are allocated to the target emission node with the third highest bid.

[0074] In some embodiments, each node of the consortium blockchain may deploy a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE). The auction contract may not belong to the TEE of the blockchain node. For information security and privacy considerations, the auction method for confirming carbon emission allowances may include: the target emission node encrypts its auction bid and sends it to the TEE of the on-chain blockchain node; the TEE decrypts the auction bid; if the triggering conditions of the auction contract in the TEE are met, the auction contract compares the auction bids in plaintext within the TEE; and the auction contract determines the allocation of the target carbon emission allowance based on the higher auction bid. The auction contract can store the target emission node to which the target carbon emission allowance belongs and its corresponding auction bid in plaintext on the blockchain, while storing the auction bids of other emission nodes in encrypted form. In addition, the identifier of each emission node, the corresponding target carbon emission allowance of that emission node, and the signature information of the regulatory node can also be stored on the blockchain, thereby achieving the allocation of target carbon emission allowances to each emission node.

[0075] Step S340: The target emission node stores the sale information of the carbon assets to be sold on the blockchain.

[0076] Understandably, emission nodes that own carbon assets can trade some or all of their carbon assets, with the objects of the trade being the carbon assets for sale. The carbon trading process can be conducted on the blockchain. Taking the process of a target emission node selling its carbon assets for sale as an example, the target emission node can generate information about the sale of the carbon assets for sale and then store this information on the blockchain. Therefore, all blockchain nodes can access this information about the sale of the carbon assets for sale.

[0077] Step S350: The intended buyer node obtains the sale information and stores the intended purchase information on the blockchain accordingly.

[0078] After the target emission node stores the sale information of carbon assets to be sold on the blockchain, the intended buyer node can obtain the sale information of all carbon assets from the blockchain, so that users can select the object they intend to buy from it as needed. Furthermore, it can generate intended purchase information corresponding to the sale information of the target carbon asset based on the input of the intended buyer user, and store the intended purchase information on the blockchain so that the target emission node can obtain the intended purchase information.

[0079] The intention to purchase information includes a priority purchase weight. Before storing the intention to purchase information on the blockchain, the intention to purchase node can obtain the priority purchase weight from the blockchain, and then generate the intention to purchase information based on the priority purchase weight. The priority purchase weight can be obtained by evaluating the carbon compliance data of the intention to purchase node. The priority purchase weight reflects the carbon compliance status of the intention to purchase node and can be used to demonstrate its carbon compliance capability to the seller node.

[0080] In a specific application scenario, the sale information of a target carbon asset may include, but is not limited to, the following: the identity of the seller node, the selling price, the quantity sold, the type of the target carbon asset, and the signature information of the regulatory node. The corresponding intended purchase information may include, but is not limited to, the following: the identity of the intended buyer node, the purchase price, the purchase quantity, the type of carbon asset intended to be purchased, the priority purchase weight, the sale information of the target carbon asset, and the signature information of the regulatory node.

[0081] Step S360: The target emission node obtains the intended purchase information corresponding to the sale information in order to determine the buyer.

[0082] After prospective buyer nodes store their intended purchase information for the target carbon assets in the blockchain, seller nodes can retrieve this information and select a buyer node from several prospective buyer nodes based on this information. The information about the prospective buyer nodes contained in the intended purchase information can be used as the basis for seller users to select a buyer node.

[0083] Step S370: Preset blockchain nodes to store transaction results on the blockchain.

[0084] The preset blockchain nodes can be either target emission nodes or buyer nodes.

[0085] Step S380: Clear the contract to obtain carbon activity data for the target emission nodes.

[0086] Step S390: The cleanup contract determines the carbon assets of the target emission nodes based on carbon activity data.

[0087] Step S3100: Based on carbon assets and carbon emission data, determine the settlement and compliance data for the target emission nodes.

[0088] Step S3110: The cleanup contract stores the cleanup compliance data on the blockchain as carbon activity data.

[0089] The above scheme reflects the carbon activities of target emission nodes through carbon activity data such as carbon emission allowances, carbon trading data, and carbon emission data. It uses the above data for collection and management, and stores the collection and compliance data on the blockchain as well. In this way, the data of carbon activities such as carbon allowance allocation, carbon trading, carbon emission, and collection and compliance are all included in the management of carbon activities, making the carbon activity data under management more comprehensive and conducive to comprehensive supervision and management of carbon activities.

[0090] In addition, the consortium blockchain deployed in this application has a variety of smart contracts. Smart contracts enable business execution and processing to be more automated and efficient, and less susceptible to interference, making business execution and processing more stable and improving the efficiency of carbon activity management.

[0091] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a framework of an embodiment of the carbon activity management device of this application.

[0092] In this embodiment, the carbon activity management device 50 includes a memory 51 and a processor 52, wherein the memory 51 is coupled to the processor 52. Specifically, the various components of the carbon activity management device 50 can be coupled together via a bus, or the processor 52 of the carbon activity management device 50 can be connected to each other individually. The carbon activity management device 50 can be any device with processing capabilities, such as a computer, tablet computer, or mobile phone.

[0093] The memory 51 is used to store program data executed by the processor 52 and data generated by the processor 52 during processing. Examples include carbon emission quotas, CCERs, and carbon emission data. The memory 51 includes a non-volatile storage portion for storing the aforementioned program data.

[0094] Processor 52 controls the operation of carbon activity management device 50. Processor 52 can also be referred to as CPU (Central Processing Unit). Processor 52 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. Processor 52 can also be a general-purpose processor, digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware component. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. In addition, processor 52 can be implemented by multiple integrated circuit chips.

[0095] The carbon activity management device 50 can be any node in any of the above-described carbon activity management methods. The processor 52 executes the relevant steps of any node in any of the above-described carbon activity management methods by calling the program data stored in the memory 51.

[0096] In the above scheme, carbon activity data such as carbon emission allowances, carbon trading data, and carbon emission data are used to reflect the carbon activities of the target emission nodes. The above data is used for collection and management, and the collection and compliance data is also stored on the blockchain. In this way, carbon activity data such as carbon allowance allocation, carbon trading, carbon emission, and collection and compliance are all included in the management of carbon activities, making the carbon activity data under management more comprehensive and conducive to comprehensive supervision and management of carbon activities.

[0097] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a framework of an embodiment of the computer-readable storage medium of this application.

[0098] In this embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium 60 stores processor-executable program data 61, which can be executed to implement any of the carbon activity management methods described above.

[0099] The computer-readable storage medium 60 can be a USB flash drive, a portable hard drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or it can be a server storing the program data. The server can send the stored program data to other devices for execution, or it can run the stored program data itself.

[0100] In some embodiments, the computer-readable storage medium 60 may also be such as Figure 5 The memory shown.

[0101] The above scheme reflects the carbon activities of target emission nodes through carbon activity data such as carbon emission allowances, carbon trading data, and carbon emission data. It uses the above data for collection and management, and stores the collection and compliance data on the blockchain as well. In this way, the data of carbon activities such as carbon allowance allocation, carbon trading, carbon emission, and collection and compliance are all included in the management of carbon activities, making the carbon activity data under management more comprehensive and conducive to comprehensive supervision and management of carbon activities.

[0102] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of an embodiment of the blockchain system of this application.

[0103] In this embodiment, the blockchain system 70 includes a target emission node 71, and a cleanup contract is deployed in the blockchain system 70. The cleanup contract can be used to acquire carbon activity data of the target emission node; determine the carbon assets of the target emission node based on the carbon activity data; determine the cleanup compliance data of the target emission node based on the carbon assets and carbon emission data; and store the cleanup compliance data on the blockchain as carbon activity data.

[0104] It is understood that the blockchain system 70 includes multiple nodes. Only the target emission node 71 is shown in the figure. In some embodiments, the blockchain system 70 may also include other blockchain nodes such as verification nodes, regulatory nodes, transaction nodes, and financial service nodes.

[0105] The above scheme reflects the carbon activities of target emission nodes through carbon activity data such as carbon emission allowances, carbon trading data, and carbon emission data. It uses the above data for collection and management, and stores the collection and compliance data on the blockchain as well. In this way, the data of carbon activities such as carbon allowance allocation, carbon trading, carbon emission, and collection and compliance are all included in the management of carbon activities, making the carbon activity data under management more comprehensive and conducive to comprehensive supervision and management of carbon activities.

[0106] The above embodiments involve the process of carbon asset trading. In some embodiments, the carbon asset trading process may further include the following steps:

[0107] It is understood that this embodiment uses a carbon asset transaction process with the target carbon asset as the trading object as an example for illustration. The emission node that owns the target carbon asset is the seller node, and any other emission node can be the intended buyer node.

[0108] Step 1: The seller node uploads the sale information of the target carbon asset to the blockchain.

[0109] It should be noted that the target carbon assets may include carbon emission allowances and / or CCERs (Chinese Certified Emission Reductions). Any emission node that owns carbon assets can act as a seller node, generate sales information for the target carbon assets, and then upload the sales information to the blockchain.

[0110] It is understandable that carbon emission allowances can be obtained through allocation and / or auction. CCERs can be obtained by the emitting node applying for approval from the regulatory node, and the regulatory node storing the emitting node's identifier, CCER quantity, and the regulatory node's signature information on the blockchain.

[0111] The sale information may include the signature information of the regulatory node. Therefore, if other nodes obtain the sale information from the chain, they can verify the signature information through the public key of the regulatory node, thereby determining the authenticity of the target carbon asset.

[0112] In some embodiments, transaction nodes also deploy notification contracts within the consortium blockchain to notify emission nodes whether they can sell or need to purchase carbon assets, based on the carbon asset and carbon emission levels. The notification contract can be triggered when the emission node's carbon emissions and carbon emission allowances are recorded on the blockchain, or in some embodiments, when information about changes in carbon assets is recorded on the blockchain. Specifically, taking carbon assets including carbon emission allowances as an example, the notification contract can obtain the emission node's carbon emissions and carbon emission allowances, and determine the relationship between them. If the carbon emissions are greater than the carbon emission allowances, the notification contract sends a notification to the emission node to purchase carbon emission allowances; if the carbon emissions are less than the carbon emission allowances, the notification contract sends a notification to the emission node to sell carbon emission allowances. If the carbon assets also include CCERs (Carbon Emission Reduction Allowances), the same judgment and notification process applies.

[0113] Step 2: The on-chain contract determines whether the seller node meets the selling conditions.

[0114] The on-chain contract is deployed in advance in the consortium blockchain. Its function is to determine whether the emission node meets the selling conditions and to control the on-chain information of the sale when the emission node intends to sell its carbon assets.

[0115] In some embodiments, the on-chain contract determines whether the selling node meets the selling conditions by: determining whether the quantity of carbon assets is greater than the carbon emissions; if so, the on-chain contract determines that the selling conditions are met; if not, the on-chain contract determines that the selling conditions are not met.

[0116] It's important to note that emission nodes typically record their carbon emissions on the blockchain periodically and use carbon assets to settle these emissions. For example, on a yearly basis, they usually record the previous year's carbon emissions on the blockchain and use their carbon assets to settle those emissions. If, before settling the previous year's emissions, the seller node's carbon assets are less than the outstanding emissions, then the seller node doesn't have enough carbon assets to complete its own settlement, and its carbon asset trading will be restricted, thus failing to meet the selling conditions. Conversely, if the previous year's emissions have been settled but the current year's emissions are not yet due, the outstanding emissions can be considered zero, and the number of carbon assets exceeds the emissions, thus meeting the selling conditions.

[0117] Specifically, the process of uploading the sale information to the blockchain triggers an on-chain contract. The on-chain contract can obtain the current number of carbon assets owned by the seller node and the amount of carbon emissions that have not yet been cleared from the blockchain. The carbon assets can be used to clear carbon emissions. Based on the relationship between the number of carbon assets and the amount of carbon emissions, it can be determined whether the sale conditions are met.

[0118] If the judgment result obtained in step two is yes, then proceed to step three; if it is no, then proceed to step four.

[0119] Step 3: The on-chain contract stores the sale information of the target carbon asset on the blockchain.

[0120] If the selling node meets the selling conditions, the selling information can be stored on the blockchain, so that all blockchain nodes can access the selling information and users can determine whether they need to purchase the target carbon asset.

[0121] Step 4: The on-chain contract sends a notification message to the seller node indicating insufficient carbon assets.

[0122] If the seller does not meet the selling conditions, the on-chain contract will not store the selling information on the blockchain and can send a notification to the seller's node indicating insufficient carbon assets.

[0123] Step 5: The prospective buyer node obtains its priority purchase right value from the blockchain.

[0124] Step Six: The intended buyer node generates intended purchase information corresponding to the sale information of the target carbon asset.

[0125] Step 7: The intended buyer node stores the intended purchase information in the blockchain.

[0126] The descriptions of steps five through seven can be found in the relevant content of the foregoing embodiments. After the sale information is stored on the blockchain, the intended buyer nodes can obtain the sale information and can respond to user operations by obtaining priority purchase rights from the blockchain to generate intended purchase information.

[0127] In some embodiments, prospective buyer nodes may generate prospective purchase information in response to user actions. Some prospective buyer regions may restrict the use of CCER offset ratios. Users can select the target carbon assets to purchase based on the offset requirements of their region, thereby prompting prospective buyer nodes to generate prospective purchase information accordingly.

[0128] The priority purchase right value can be pre-assessed by a third-party assessment agency commissioned by the carbon exchange based on the carbon compliance data of the emission nodes. The carbon compliance data includes, but is not limited to, historical carbon emissions, carbon verification results, historical carbon trading information, and compliance settlement information. Specifically, trading nodes can obtain the carbon compliance data of potential purchaser nodes from the blockchain and store the priority purchase right value calculated based on the carbon compliance data on the blockchain.

[0129] More specifically, carbon compliance data includes, but is not limited to, historical carbon emissions, carbon verification results, historical carbon trading, and compliance settlement. The priority purchase weight can be calculated by transforming each data point in the carbon compliance data into an indicator to measure carbon compliance performance, based on each indicator and its corresponding weight. The larger the priority purchase weight, the better the carbon compliance performance of the intended purchaser node.

[0130] In a specific application scenario, the performance settlement status includes whether the performance settlement is completed on time and the completion status of the performance settlement. On-time performance settlement has a higher assessment score than delayed performance settlement, and completed performance settlement has a higher assessment score than incomplete performance settlement.

[0131] Seller nodes can obtain purchase intention information from several potential buyer nodes. The priority purchase weight included in the purchase intention information can reflect the carbon compliance status of the potential buyer nodes, as well as information such as purchase quantity and purchase unit price, all of which can be used by seller users as a basis for selecting buyers.

[0132] In some embodiments, if there is only one intended buyer node for a target carbon asset, the seller node can directly determine that intended buyer node as the buyer node without considering other factors.

[0133] Step 8: Pre-set blockchain nodes to store the transaction contract in the blockchain.

[0134] After the seller identifies the buyer, the seller and buyer can sign an electronic contract for the transaction of the target carbon asset, and the contract will be stored on the blockchain by a pre-defined blockchain node. The pre-defined blockchain node can be either the seller's node or the buyer's node; typically, the node of the party signing the electronic contract will be the pre-defined blockchain node for on-chain storage.

[0135] In some embodiments, a transaction contract may also be deployed in the consortium blockchain. The on-chaining of the transaction contract will trigger the transaction contract. The transaction contract can extract transaction information from the transaction contract, including the transaction amount. Based on the transaction information, the transaction contract transfers the transaction amount from the buyer's account to the seller's account, thereby conveniently completing the transfer of transaction funds.

[0136] In some embodiments, the transaction information also includes transfer information of the target carbon asset, which indicates that the target carbon asset is transferred from the seller node to the buyer node. The transaction contract can store the transfer information of the target carbon asset on the blockchain, thereby conveniently completing the transfer of the target carbon asset.

[0137] In addition, due to their liquidity, carbon assets can also be used for collateralized / pledged financing. The relevant process of carbon finance may include the following steps:

[0138] Step 1: Obtain credit data for emission nodes.

[0139] It is understandable that, due to the tradable nature of carbon assets, they can be used as collateral to obtain financing. Carbon assets can be used for mortgage or pledge. In this embodiment, the example of an emission node requesting pledge financing from a financial service institution for a target carbon asset is used for illustration. The target carbon asset may include at least one of carbon emission allowances and CCERs.

[0140] Credit data includes carbon activity data and node qualification data. Carbon activity data can be used to reflect the credit status of emission nodes in the process of carbon activities, while node qualification data can be used to reflect the operational status of emission nodes, which can also reflect the credit status of emission nodes to a certain extent.

[0141] Step 2: Process the credit data using a credit assessment model to obtain the credit assessment results for the emission nodes.

[0142] The credit assessment model can be provided by financial service institutions, deriving credit assessment results based on credit data. These results can be in the form of credit scores, with higher scores indicating better creditworthiness of the emitting node. The credit assessment results comprehensively reflect the emitting node's creditworthiness in carbon activities, as well as its own operational status, providing a complete picture of the emitting node's relationship with carbon finance. This information can be used to help determine what financial services to provide to the emitting node.

[0143] Step 3: Determine the carbon finance outcome for emission nodes based on credit assessment results.

[0144] Financial service institutions determine whether to provide financial services to emission nodes, and what services to provide, based on credit assessment results. Carbon finance outcomes can include whether the emission node can secure financing by pledging target carbon assets and the corresponding financing amount.

[0145] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and does not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method of carbon activity management, characterized by, The method includes: Carbon emission quotas for target emission nodes are determined using allocation and auction methods, and these carbon emission quotas are stored on the blockchain. The contract for clearing up carbon activity data at the target emission nodes is obtained, including carbon emission allowances, carbon trading data, and carbon emission data within the target period. The cleanup contract determines the carbon assets of the target emission nodes based on the carbon activity data. The cleanup contract determines the cleanup compliance data for the target emission node based on the carbon assets and the carbon emission data. The cleanup contract stores the cleanup compliance data on the blockchain as the carbon activity data. The carbon emission allowances for the target emission nodes are determined through an auction process, including: The target emission node encrypts the auction bid corresponding to the target carbon emission quota and sends the ciphertext of the auction bid to the trusted execution environment of the on-chain blockchain node, where the trusted execution environment decrypts the auction bid. If the triggering conditions of the auction contract in the trusted execution environment are met, the auction contract compares the plaintext of the auction bids of a plurality of emission nodes in the trusted execution environment; the plurality of emission nodes includes the target emission node; the triggering conditions of the auction contract include the presence of a predetermined number of bids on the chain or the auction time ending. The auction contract determines the allocation of the target carbon emission allowance based on the auction bids. The auction contract stores the emission node to which the target carbon emission quota belongs and the corresponding auction bid in plaintext on the blockchain, stores the auction bids of other emission nodes in encrypted text on the blockchain, and stores the signature information of each emission node, the corresponding target carbon emission quota, and the regulatory node on the blockchain.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The determination of the clearance and compliance data for the target emission node based on the carbon assets and the carbon emission data includes: The collection contract determines whether the carbon assets and the carbon emission data meet a first preset requirement, and whether the carbon assets meet a second preset requirement; If both are true, then the cleanup contract will write off the carbon assets corresponding to the carbon emission data of the target emission node; If no, the cleanup contract cancels the carbon assets of the target emission node corresponding to a portion of the carbon emission data, issues a cleanup reminder to the target emission node, and transfers a preset amount of deposit from the target emission node's account as a penalty; The cleanup contract uses the carbon assets to be written off and the time of write-off as the cleanup compliance data.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon emission allowances for the target emission nodes are determined using an allocation method, including: The quota contract obtains the target data for the target emission node; The quota agreement uses the target data to determine the carbon emission quota according to a preset method.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, The target data includes historical emission data of the target emission node; obtaining the carbon emission quota using the target data in a preset manner includes: The quota agreement determines the carbon emission quota by obtaining average emission data based on the historical emission data; or... The quota agreement determines the carbon emission quota by obtaining historical emission intensity based on the historical emission data and the corresponding historical output. And / or, the target data includes the output of each product at the target emission node; the step of obtaining the carbon emission quota using the target data in a preset manner includes: The quota agreement determines the carbon emission quota based on the output of various products and the baseline emissions corresponding to each product.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, Before the cleanup contract acquires carbon activity data for the target emission nodes, the method further includes: The target emission node will store the carbon emission data within the target period on the blockchain. The verification node acquires the carbon emission data and stores the verification results of the carbon emission data on the blockchain.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, Before the cleanup contract acquires carbon activity data for the target emission nodes, the method further includes: The target emission node will store the sale information of the carbon assets to be sold on the blockchain, so that the intended purchaser node can obtain the sale information and store the corresponding intended purchase information on the blockchain; The target emission node acquires the intended purchase information corresponding to the sales information in order to determine the buyer; After a transaction contract is signed with the buyer for the carbon assets to be sold, a pre-defined blockchain node stores the transaction results on the blockchain. The pre-defined blockchain node includes the target emission node and the buyer node. The transaction results include the transaction contract and the transfer information of the carbon assets to be sold.

7. A carbon activity management device, characterized by, The carbon activity management device includes a processor and a memory, the memory being used to store program data, and the processor being used to execute the program data to implement the relevant steps of any node in the method as described in any one of claims 1-6. 8.A blockchain system, characterized in that, The blockchain system is used to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-6, the blockchain system includes a target emission node, and a cleanup contract is deployed in the blockchain system.

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