Anchoring structure of a sealed membrane and gravity compressed air energy storage system

Abstract

This invention proposes an anchoring structure for a sealing membrane and a gravity compressed air energy storage system. One end of the sealing membrane is sealed to the outer wall of a gravity component using the anchoring structure. The outer ring in the anchoring structure allows the sealing membrane outside the gap to make full contact with it. After the sealing membrane is inflated, the gravity component moves up and down in the vertical direction as the sealing membrane is inflated and deflated. This effectively prevents air leakage at the anchoring joint of the sealing membrane and can effectively reduce bending damage and tensile stress of the sealing membrane.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to an anchoring structure for a sealing membrane and a gravity-compressed air energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] Compressed air energy storage systems store excess electrical energy using compressed air. When needed, the high-pressure air is released and used to generate electricity through an expander. During energy storage, the compressed air storage system consumes electrical energy to compress air and store it in the storage chamber. During energy release, the high-pressure air is released from the storage chamber and enters the combustion chamber where it is heated by fuel combustion to drive power generation. Alternatively, heating can be achieved by recovering the heat of compression to heat the air, without fuel combustion. In gravity compressed air energy storage systems, the gas storage chamber inside the sealing membrane stores high-pressure gas, with an internal pressure exceeding 5 MPa. The sealing membrane withstands this enormous tensile force. The anchoring connection between the sealing membrane, a flexible material, and the gas storage shaft is the core technology of the gas storage chamber. On the one hand, it is necessary to ensure that the sealing membrane will not tear due to excessive local stress caused by stress concentration from anchoring. On the other hand, it is necessary to ensure that the sealing membrane's strength will not decrease due to too many anchoring holes. In existing technologies, the two ends of the sealing membrane are directly fixed to the outer wall of the gravity block and the inner wall of the gas storage shaft, respectively. While improving the anchoring performance, this reduces the strength at the anchoring point, which can easily lead to a decrease in the airtightness of the sealing membrane and air leakage problems at the anchoring joints. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0004] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to propose an anchoring structure for a sealing membrane and a gravity compressed air energy storage system. One end of the sealing membrane is sealed to the outer wall of the gravity component using the anchoring structure. The outer ring in the anchoring structure allows the sealing membrane outside the gap to make full contact with it. After the sealing membrane is inflated, the gravity component moves up and down in the vertical direction as the sealing membrane is inflated and deflated. This effectively prevents air leakage at the anchoring joint of the sealing membrane and can effectively reduce bending damage to the sealing membrane and reduce tensile stress on the sealing membrane.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes an anchoring structure for a sealing membrane, which anchors the sealing membrane to the outer wall of a gravity component in a gravity compressed air energy storage system; comprising:

[0006] A membrane base plate; which is vertically positioned below the gravity assembly and has a gap between it and the gravity assembly;

[0007] A leak-proof component; comprising a sealing gasket, wherein the sealing gasket includes a first sealing gasket and a second sealing gasket; wherein the first sealing gasket and the second sealing gasket are disposed within the gap and are arranged opposite each other in the vertical direction; and one end of a sealing membrane anchor is disposed between the first sealing gasket and the second sealing gasket, thereby connecting the sealing membrane to the gravity component; and

[0008] An outer ring is provided on the periphery of the first sealing gasket and the second sealing gasket. The outer ring is located on the periphery of the gap and contacts the sealing membrane outside the gap, thereby reducing the tensile stress of the sealing membrane.

[0009] In some embodiments, both the first sealing gasket and the second sealing gasket are integrally formed with the outer ring.

[0010] In some embodiments, the leak-proof assembly includes a pressure-resistant gasket; wherein the pressure-resistant gasket includes a first pressure-resistant gasket and a second pressure-resistant gasket; wherein the first pressure-resistant gasket and the second pressure-resistant gasket are disposed opposite each other in the vertical direction within the gap; and the first pressure-resistant gasket is located inside the first sealing gasket; the second pressure-resistant gasket is located inside the second sealing gasket; and one end of the sealing membrane is located between the first pressure-resistant gasket and the second pressure-resistant gasket.

[0011] In some embodiments, both the first and second pressure-resistant gaskets are provided with a frosted layer on their surfaces; the frosted layer is used to reduce the tensile stress of the sealing film.

[0012] In some embodiments, the leak-proof assembly includes a compression base disposed within the gap; the compression base is disposed below the pressure-resistant gasket and the sealing gasket in the vertical direction.

[0013] In some embodiments, the membrane base plate is connected to the gravity assembly via a bolt assembly; wherein the bolt assembly includes a plurality of anchor bolts; the anchor bolts pass vertically through the membrane base plate, the leak-proof assembly, and the sealing membrane, and are connected to the bottom of the gravity assembly.

[0014] In some embodiments, the bolt assembly includes a bolt support; wherein the bolt support is disposed inside the gravity assembly; wherein the anchor bolt is connected to the bolt support.

[0015] In some embodiments, the bolt assembly includes a base; wherein the base is disposed at the bottom of the gravity assembly and above the leak-proof assembly.

[0016] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a gravity compressed air energy storage system, comprising:

[0017] A vertical shaft is provided, in which a gravity component is movably inserted. There is a gap between the outer wall of the gravity component and the inner wall of the vertical shaft. A sealing membrane is provided in the gap, and the sealing membrane is sealed to the outer wall of the gravity component and the inner wall of the vertical shaft, so that the sealing membrane, the space of the vertical shaft below the sealing membrane, and the gravity component form a gas storage chamber. The sealing membrane is connected to the outer wall of the gravity component by an anchoring structure as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0018] In some embodiments, the gravity assembly includes a gravity block assembly and a pressure-bearing assembly; wherein the gravity block assembly is disposed on top of the pressure-bearing assembly; the bottom of the pressure-bearing assembly extends into the shaft and its outer wall is connected to the sealing membrane; the top of the pressure-bearing assembly is located on the ground at the top of the shaft.

[0019] In some embodiments, the pressure-bearing assembly includes a pressure-bearing cylinder and a pressure-bearing base; wherein the bottom of the pressure-bearing cylinder extends into the shaft and the pressure-bearing base is disposed on its top; the gravity block assembly is located above the pressure-bearing base so that when the pressure-bearing cylinder moves downward to its lowest limit, it is supported on the ground at the top of the shaft by the pressure-bearing base.

[0020] In some embodiments, the pressure-bearing component includes a buffer component distributed on the periphery of the shaft and located on the ground outside the top of the shaft, and the top of the buffer component is connected to the pressure-bearing base.

[0021] In some embodiments, the buffer assembly includes a top support and a bottom support disposed opposite to each other, and a pressure spring connected between the top support and the bottom support. An upper central connecting rod is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the top support; a lower central connecting rod is provided at the center of the top surface of the bottom support, and both the upper central connecting rod and the lower central connecting rod are located at the center of the pressure spring; a sliding hole is opened at the center of the top surface of the lower central connecting rod in a vertical direction, and the bottom end of the upper central connecting rod moves up and down along the sliding hole.

[0022] In some embodiments, the bottom surface of the top support is provided with an upper annular protective ring, and the surface of the bottom support is provided with a lower annular protective ring, the lower annular protective ring being sleeved inside the upper annular protective ring; the pressure spring is located inside the lower annular protective ring.

[0023] In some embodiments, the pressure-bearing component includes a locking platform disposed on the periphery of the shaft and located on the ground outside the top of the shaft, and the locking platform is connected to the buffer component and located outside the buffer component.

[0024] In some embodiments, the locking platform is fixedly connected to the buffer assembly by an angle steel; one end of the angle steel is disposed on the inner wall of the locking platform, and the other end is fixed to the bottom of the buffer assembly.

[0025] In some embodiments, the energy storage system includes a guiding device, which includes a guide trough and a roller; wherein multiple guide troughs are provided and distributed around the gravity component, and the guide troughs are provided on the inner wall of the shaft or outside the shaft; the rollers cooperate with the guide troughs and are in contact with the bottom of the guide troughs, so that the rollers move up and down along the bottom of the guide troughs when the gravity component moves up and down.

[0026] In some embodiments, a plurality of tower structures are provided on the ground outside the top of the shaft, the plurality of tower structures are distributed around the shaft, and the plurality of guide channels are respectively installed on the plurality of tower structures.

[0027] In some embodiments, the guide device is provided on the periphery of each of the plurality of gravity blocks. The guide device is installed on the periphery of the gravity block and located between the gravity block and the tower structure opposite the gravity block.

[0028] In some embodiments, a steel lining is provided on the inner wall of the shaft, and the sealing membrane is connected to the inner wall of the steel lining.

[0029] In some embodiments, an anti-settlement component is provided on the outer wall of the shaft; wherein the anti-settlement component includes a plurality of ring beams arranged at intervals along the outer wall of the shaft in a vertical direction.

[0030] In some embodiments, the anti-settlement component includes a foundation, wherein the foundation is disposed at the bottom of the outer wall of the shaft.

[0031] In some embodiments, the gravity block group includes a plurality of gravity blocks stacked in a vertical direction, wherein each adjacent gravity block is provided with an anti-movement component; wherein the anti-movement component ensures that the center of gravity of the plurality of gravity blocks is always in the same vertical direction.

[0032] In some embodiments, the anti-movement component includes a male tenon and / or a female tenon, with at least one male tenon and / or female tenon respectively provided on each adjacent gravity block, and the male tenon and female tenon provided on adjacent gravity blocks cooperating with each other.

[0033] In some embodiments, each adjacent gravity block is provided with a magnetic element to enable the adjacent gravity blocks to attract each other and control the vertical movement of the gravity blocks relative to each other.

[0034] In some embodiments, the pressure vessel is filled with sand.

[0035] In some embodiments, operating the energy storage system described in any of the above embodiments includes the following steps:

[0036] An air compression unit, an air expansion unit, and a generator are installed. The inlet of the air compression unit is connected to an air intake device. The outlet of the air compression unit is connected to the inlet of the air storage chamber via an energy storage pipeline. The outlet of the air storage chamber is connected to the inlet of the air expansion unit via an energy release pipeline. The outlet of the air expansion unit is connected to the generator.

[0037] During off-peak electricity demand: The energy storage system stores energy, closes the energy release pipeline and opens the energy storage pipeline. Air enters the air compression unit through the air intake device and is compressed into compressed air. The compressed air enters the air storage chamber through the energy storage pipeline, causing the volume of the air storage chamber to increase, and the gravity component rises at constant pressure.

[0038] During peak electricity consumption periods: the energy storage system releases energy by opening the energy release pipeline and closing the energy storage pipeline; the volume of the gas storage chamber decreases, causing the gravity component to descend; the compressed air enters the air expansion unit through the energy release pipeline to perform work at constant pressure and drive the generator to generate electricity.

[0039] In some embodiments, during the energy storage phase of the energy storage system, a heat exchange unit is provided between the energy storage pipeline and the energy release pipeline; the heat generated during the compression process of the air entering the air compression unit is stored in the heat exchange unit; during the energy release phase of the energy storage system, the compressed air is heated by the heat exchange unit after passing through the air storage chamber, and then enters the air expansion unit through the energy release pipeline.

[0040] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0041] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing membrane anchoring structure proposed in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing membrane anchoring structure proposed in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing membrane anchoring structure proposed in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing membrane anchoring structure proposed in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A structural diagram from another perspective;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a gravity compressed air energy storage system proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a gravity compressed air energy storage system proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 8 yes Figure 4 A structural diagram from another perspective;

[0050] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a gravity compressed air energy storage system proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a gravity compressed air energy storage system proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a buffer component proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] In the diagram: 1. Gravity block; 2. Tower structure; 3. Guide device; 4. Pressure-bearing base; 5. Locking platform; 51. Elastic pad; 6. Buffer assembly; 61. Top support; 62. Bottom support; 63. Pressure spring; 64. Angle steel; 65. Upper central connecting rod; 66. Lower central connecting rod; 67. Upper annular protective ring; 68. Lower annular protective ring; 7. Soil layer; 8. Sealing membrane; 9. Magnetic component; 10. Pressure-bearing cylinder; 11. Gas storage chamber; 12. Shaft; 13. Steel lining; 14. Tenon; 15. Membrane base plate; 16. First sealing gasket; 17. Second sealing gasket; 18. Outer ring; 19. First pressure-resistant gasket; 20. Second pressure-resistant gasket; 21. Pressing base; 22. Anchor bolt; 23. Bolt steel support; 24. Base; 25. Ring beam; 26. Foundation. Detailed Implementation

[0054] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention. Rather, embodiments of the invention include all variations, modifications, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

[0055] See Figures 1-5This invention discloses an anchoring structure for a sealing membrane 8, which anchors the sealing membrane 8 to the outer wall of a gravity component in a gravity compressed air energy storage system. The anchoring structure includes a membrane base plate 15, a leak-proof component, and an outer connecting ring 18. The membrane base plate 15 is positioned below the gravity component in the vertical direction, and there is a gap between the membrane base plate 15 and the bottom outer wall of the gravity component. The leak-proof component can be disposed within the gap between the membrane base plate 15 and the bottom outer wall of the gravity component.

[0056] For example, in this embodiment, the membrane base plate 15 and the leak-proof component can be fixed by high-strength anchor bolts 22, but this embodiment includes but is not limited to high-strength anchor bolts 22.

[0057] The leak-proof component in this embodiment includes a sealing gasket, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the sealing gasket includes a first sealing gasket 16 and a second sealing gasket 17. The first sealing gasket 16 and the second sealing gasket 17 are disposed in the gap between the membrane base plate 15 and the bottom outer wall of the gravity component, and the first sealing gasket 16 and the second sealing gasket 17 are arranged opposite each other in the vertical direction. For example, the first sealing gasket 16 is in close contact with the bottom outer wall of the gravity component, and the second sealing gasket 17 is in close contact with the upper surface of the membrane base plate 15. One end of the sealing membrane 8 is located in the gap between the membrane base plate 15 and the bottom outer wall of the gravity component. The sealing membrane 8 is clamped by the first sealing gasket 16 and the second sealing gasket 17 to initially prevent air leakage at the joint after the sealing membrane 8 is anchored. Understandably, when using high-strength anchor bolts 22 to connect the membrane base plate 15 and the leak-proof component, the high-strength anchor bolts 22 can be anchored at the sealing gasket. At this time, the sealing membrane 8 can not only be clamped and fixed by the first sealing gasket 16 and the second sealing gasket 17, but also further fixed by the high-strength anchor bolts 22 passing through the sealing membrane 8. This is suitable for large-capacity high-pressure gas storage scenarios, realizing the concept of safe energy storage. In addition, the first sealing gasket 16 and the second sealing gasket 17 are used to seal the joint between the high-strength anchor bolts 22 and the sealing membrane 8 to prevent air leakage, thus achieving a sealed connection between the sealing membrane 8 and the outer wall of the gravity component.

[0058] Furthermore, the anchoring structure in this embodiment of the invention also includes an outer ring 18; wherein the outer ring 18 is respectively provided on the periphery of the first sealing gasket 16 and the second sealing gasket 17; and preferably, the outer ring 18 is located on the periphery of the gap formed between the membrane base plate 15 and the bottom outer wall of the gravity component. It is understood that, to ensure the sealing performance of the first sealing gasket 16 and the second sealing gasket 17 at the joint between the high-strength anchor bolt 22 and the sealing membrane 8, the outer ring 18 is disposed outside the gap, and it is used to contact the sealing membrane 8 outside the gap, thereby reducing the tensile stress on the sealing membrane 8.

[0059] Specifically, both the first sealing gasket 16 and the second sealing gasket 17 are integrally formed with the outer ring 18. For example, the first sealing gasket 16 is in close contact with the bottom outer wall of the gravity assembly, and the second sealing gasket 17 is in close contact with the upper surface of the membrane base plate 15. One end of the bottom of the outer ring 18 is connected to the outer side of the first sealing gasket 16, and the other end extends obliquely upwards away from the gap, forming a certain arc with the first sealing gasket 16. Similarly, the second sealing gasket 17 is also connected, with one end of the upper part of the outer ring 18 connected to the outer side of the second sealing gasket 17, and the other end extending obliquely downwards away from the gap, forming a certain arc with the second sealing gasket 17.

[0060] In this embodiment, after the sealing membrane 8 is inflated, the gravity component moves up and down in the vertical direction as the sealing membrane 8 is inflated and deflated. During this process, the outer ring 18 allows the sealing membrane 8 outside the gap to fully contact it. The outer ring 18 connected to the first sealing gasket 16 can not only fully contact the sealing membrane 8, but also, when the gravity component moves up and down, the sealing membrane 8 will press down the outer end of the outer ring 18, effectively preventing air leakage at the anchoring joint of the sealing membrane 8. The outer ring 18 connected to the second sealing gasket 17 can not only fully contact the sealing membrane 8, but also, when the gravity component moves up and down, the outer ring 18 can effectively reduce the bending damage of the sealing membrane 8. Therefore, in this embodiment, the outer ring 18 is used as a buffer. Compared with the technical solution without the outer ring 18, it can effectively transition the contact connection of the sealing membrane 8 at the gap and reduce the tensile stress of the sealing membrane 8.

[0061] In some embodiments, the leak-proof assembly includes a pressure-resistant gasket; wherein the pressure-resistant gasket includes a first pressure-resistant gasket 19 and a second pressure-resistant gasket 20; wherein the first pressure-resistant gasket 19 and the second pressure-resistant gasket 20 are disposed in a gap and are vertically opposite to each other; and the first pressure-resistant gasket 19 is located inside the first sealing gasket 16; the second pressure-resistant gasket 20 is located inside the second sealing gasket 17; and one end of the sealing membrane 8 is located between the first pressure-resistant gasket 19 and the second pressure-resistant gasket 20.

[0062] Specific examples Figure 2 As shown, the pressure-resistant gasket includes a first pressure-resistant gasket 19 and a second pressure-resistant gasket 20. The first pressure-resistant gasket 19 is disposed within the gap and located inside the first sealing gasket 16. In the vertical direction, the upper surface of the first pressure-resistant gasket 19 is in close contact with the outer wall of the gravity component, and its lower surface is in close contact with the sealing membrane 8. The second pressure-resistant gasket 20 is disposed within the gap and located inside the second sealing gasket 17. In the vertical direction, the upper surface of the second pressure-resistant gasket 20 is in close contact with the sealing membrane 8, and its lower surface is in close contact with the upper surface of the membrane base plate 15.

[0063] In this embodiment, the anti-compression gasket serves the same purpose as the sealing gasket in fixing and sealing the membrane 8, and its principle is the same, so it will not be repeated here. Refer to the aforementioned function of the sealing gasket in fixing and sealing the membrane 8. Advantageously, both the first anti-compression gasket 19 and the second anti-compression gasket 20 have a frosted layer on their surfaces. Those skilled in the art will understand that the frosted layer is applied to the upper and lower surfaces of the first anti-compression gasket 19 and the upper and lower surfaces of the second anti-compression gasket 20. The frosted layer increases the friction between the first and second anti-compression gaskets 19 and 20 and the devices in contact with their surfaces. For example, by providing the frosted layer, the fixing effect on the sealing membrane 8 can be enhanced, preventing the sealing membrane 8 from sliding and displacing. Simultaneously, it increases the friction between the membrane base plate 15 and the outer wall of the gravity component adjacent to it in the vertical direction, reducing the tensile force on the sealing membrane 8, thereby reducing the tensile stress on the sealing membrane 8.

[0064] In some embodiments, the leak-proof component includes a pressing base 21 disposed within the gap; the pressing base 21 is disposed below the pressure-resistant gasket and the sealing gasket in the vertical direction; wherein the setting of the pressing base 21 allows the sealing membrane 8 to fully contact the pressure-resistant gasket and the sealing gasket in the vertical direction, effectively reducing air leakage at the anchoring joint of the sealing membrane 8.

[0065] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, in the vertical direction, the high-strength anchor bolt 22 can pass through the membrane base plate 15, the clamping base 21, the second sealing gasket 17, the sealing membrane 8, the first sealing gasket 16, and the outer wall of the gravity component in sequence, and extend into the gravity component to anchor and seal the sealing membrane 8. In addition, the high-strength anchor bolt 22 can also pass through the membrane base plate 15, the clamping base 21, the second pressure-resistant gasket 20, the sealing membrane 8, the first pressure-resistant gasket 19, and the outer wall of the gravity component in sequence, and extend into the gravity component to anchor and seal the sealing membrane 8, thereby strengthening the anchoring and sealing of the sealing membrane 8, reducing the tensile stress of the sealing membrane 8, preventing air leakage of the sealing membrane 8, and increasing the service life of the sealing membrane 8.

[0066] Furthermore, to enhance the anchoring strength of the high-strength anchor bolts 22, and due to cost considerations, the gravity block 1 in most gravity components is made of concrete. The strength of the high-strength anchor bolts 22 extending into the gravity component to anchor the sealing membrane 8 is limited. Therefore, a bolt steel support 23 can be installed at the bottom inside the gravity component. Figure 4 As shown, the high-strength anchor bolt 22 extends into the bolt steel support 23 inside the gravity component, wherein the end of the high-strength anchor bolt 22 does not exceed the bolt steel support 23, thereby enhancing the anchoring strength of the high-strength anchor bolt 22.

[0067] In some embodiments, the bolt assembly includes a base 24, which is disposed at the bottom of the gravity assembly and located above the leak-proof assembly. Those skilled in the art will understand that, in the vertical direction, the high-strength anchor bolt 22 can sequentially pass through the membrane base plate 15, the clamping base 21, the second sealing gasket 17, the sealing membrane 8, the first sealing gasket 16, and the base 24, and extend into the bolt steel support 23 within the gravity assembly, thereby achieving anchoring and sealing of the sealing membrane 8. Due to the length of the high-strength anchor bolt 22, the placement of the base 24 at the bottom of the gravity assembly effectively reduces the depth of the high-strength anchor bolt 22 extending into the gravity assembly, while simultaneously enhancing the anchoring strength of the sealing membrane 8 and preventing air leakage from the sealing membrane 8.

[0068] See Figure 6 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a gravity compressed air energy storage system, including a vertical shaft 12, wherein the vertical shaft 12 is excavated downward in the soil layer 7, and a gravity component is movably inserted into the vertical shaft 12. There is a gap between the outer wall of the gravity component and the inner wall of the vertical shaft 12, and a sealing membrane 8 is provided in the gap. The sealing membrane 8 is sealed to the outer wall of the gravity component and the inner wall of the vertical shaft 12 respectively, so that the sealing membrane 8, the space of the vertical shaft 12 below the sealing membrane 8, and the gravity component form an air storage chamber 11. The sealing membrane 8 is sealed to the outer wall of the gravity component through the anchoring structure in any of the above embodiments.

[0069] In this embodiment, the gravity component includes a gravity block assembly and a pressure-bearing component; the gravity block assembly is located at the top of the pressure-bearing component; the bottom of the pressure-bearing component extends into the shaft 12 and its outer wall is connected to the sealing membrane 8; the top of the pressure-bearing component is located on the ground at the top of the shaft 12; the bottom end of the pressure-bearing component extends into the shaft 12 and the sealing membrane 8 is directly connected to the bottom end of the outer wall of the pressure-bearing component, while the gravity block assembly is located outside the shaft 12. When achieving large energy storage, it is not necessary to concentrate all the gravity blocks in the shaft 12, which can reduce the height of the shaft 12 and greatly reduce the amount of excavation work and engineering difficulty of the shaft 12.

[0070] Furthermore, the gravity block assembly includes multiple gravity blocks 1 stacked vertically. By configuring the gravity block assembly as multiple stacked gravity blocks 1, the weight of each gravity block 1 is reduced, thus reducing the difficulty of hoisting while meeting the requirement of large energy storage. During the hoisting process, the pressure-bearing component is first hoisted into the shaft 12, with its upper end supported on the ground around the shaft 12. Then, the gravity blocks 1 are hoisted layer by layer on top of the pressure-bearing component. An exemplary gravity block 1 is formed by pouring and solidifying a certain weight of concrete, and the center of gravity of the multiple gravity blocks 1 remains unchanged during the lifting and lowering process. Preferably, a steel lining 13 can be provided on the inner wall of the shaft 12, and a sealing membrane 8 is connected to the inner wall of the steel lining 13. The steel lining 13 can be used to enhance the strength of the shaft 12, effectively preventing the collapse and horizontal displacement of the shaft 12, and maintaining the movable insertion of the gravity component within the shaft 12.

[0071] In some embodiments, each adjacent gravity block 1 is provided with an anti-movement component; exemplaryly, the anti-movement component includes a male tenon 14 and / or a female tenon. That is, at least one male tenon 14 and / or female tenon is provided on each adjacent gravity block 1, and the male tenon 14 and female tenon on adjacent gravity blocks 1 cooperate with each other to ensure that the center of gravity of the multiple gravity blocks 1 is always in the same vertical direction.

[0072] Specific examples Figure 8 As shown, each adjacent gravity block 1 is provided with a male tenon 14 and / or a female tenon. It can be understood that in this embodiment, the adjacent gravity blocks 1 are provided with either a male tenon 14 or a female tenon. That is, from bottom to top, the top of the first gravity block 1 is provided with at least one upward protruding male tenon 14 or at least one downward concave female tenon; or at least one upward protruding male tenon 14 and at least one downward concave female tenon are provided on the top of the first gravity block 1. Similarly, in order to realize the hoisting and stacking of the first gravity block 1 and the second gravity block 1, the bottom of the second gravity block 1 adjacent to the first gravity block 1 is provided with a male tenon 14 and / or a female tenon that matches the first gravity block 1. The other gravity blocks 1 are hoisted and stacked in the same way, which will not be described in detail. However, the position of the male tenon 14 and / or the female tenon can be at any position of the gravity block 1, and the number can be one or more. The number of gravity blocks 1 can be odd or even. Through the layered stacking structure of the male tenon 14 and the female tenon, the horizontal movement of the gravity block 1 during lifting can be effectively controlled, avoiding excessive load on the tower or guide device 3.

[0073] The top of the first gravity block 1 from bottom to top is provided with an upward protruding male tenon 14, and the bottom of the second gravity block 1 adjacent to the first gravity block 1 is provided with a female tenon that matches the male tenon 14 of the first gravity block 1; and the top of the second gravity block 1 is provided with an upward protruding male tenon 14, while the bottom of the third gravity block 1 adjacent to the second gravity block 1 is provided with a recessed female tenon that matches the male tenon 14 of the second gravity block 1; and both the male tenon 14 and the female tenon are located in the middle of the gravity block 1, so that the center of gravity of the multiple gravity blocks 1 is always in the same vertical direction.

[0074] In practical applications, to facilitate the fabrication of the male tenon 14 and female tenon on the gravity block 1, the gravity block 1 in this embodiment is cast from high-density scrap iron ore. The cross-section of the gravity block 1 can be polygonal or circular, and it is composed of individual cubic, cylindrical, or irregularly shaped blocks. Preferably, the cross-sections of each gravity block 1 in the gravity assembly are the same. In the gravity assembly, the lowest gravity block 1 adopts a middle block with an upper protrusion as the male tenon 14 and a bottom depression as the female tenon. The cross-sectional size of the male tenon 14 is smaller than that of the female tenon. Preferably, the cross-sectional shapes of the protrusion and depression of each gravity block 1 are the same. This embodiment can effectively reduce the height of the assembled gravity assembly, thereby also reducing the height and cost of the guide structure controlling the gravity assembly and the tower structure 2.

[0075] In some embodiments, each adjacent gravity block 1 is provided with a magnetic element 9, so that the adjacent gravity blocks 1 attract each other and control the vertical movement of the gravity blocks 1 relative to each other.

[0076] Specific examples Figure 9 As shown, a magnetic element 9 is provided on the side of adjacent gravity blocks 1 that are in contact in the vertical direction. In this embodiment, the magnetic element 9 is a ring-shaped neodymium iron boron magnet, which is embedded during the casting of the gravity blocks 1. The bottom gravity block 1 in the gravity assembly uses a ring-shaped neodymium iron boron magnet cast at the top. Preferably, multiple magnetic elements 9 can be provided at the top of the bottom gravity block 1. Advantageously, ring-shaped neodymium iron boron magnets can be cast simultaneously on the inner and outer sides of any male tenon 14 / or female tenon. The ring-shaped neodymium iron boron magnets attract the superimposed gravity blocks 1 to each other, which can effectively control the vertical movement of the gravity blocks 1 during movement, prevent the gravity blocks 1 from falling off during movement, and ensure that the center of gravity of multiple gravity blocks 1 is always in the same vertical direction. At the same time, it avoids excessive load on the tower structure 2 and the guide device 3.

[0077] In some embodiments, the pressure-bearing assembly includes a pressure-bearing cylinder 10 and a pressure-bearing base 4; wherein the bottom of the pressure-bearing cylinder 10 extends into the shaft 12 and the pressure-bearing base 4 is provided on its top; a gravity block assembly is located above the pressure-bearing base 4 so that when the pressure-bearing cylinder 10 moves downward to the lowest limit, it is supported on the ground at the top of the shaft 12 by the pressure-bearing base 4.

[0078] Specific examples Figure 6 As shown, the pressure-bearing assembly includes a pressure-bearing cylinder 10 and a pressure-bearing base 4. The bottom end of the pressure-bearing cylinder 10 extends into the interior of the vertical shaft 12, and the sealing membrane 8 is directly connected to the bottom end of the outer wall of the pressure-bearing cylinder 10. The top of the pressure-bearing cylinder 10 is located on the ground at the top of the vertical shaft 12 and is connected to the pressure-bearing base 4. Multiple gravity blocks 1 are stacked in the vertical direction and are arranged above the pressure-bearing base 4 to ensure that the center of gravity of the multiple gravity blocks 1 is always in the same vertical direction.

[0079] In some embodiments, the pressure-bearing component includes a buffer component 6; the buffer component 6 includes a pressure spring 63, a plurality of pressure springs 63 are distributed on the periphery of the shaft 12 and located on the ground outside the top of the shaft 12, and the top of the pressure spring 63 is connected to the bottom of the pressure-bearing base 4. In this embodiment, the buffer component 6 is provided to reduce the bumps during the rise or fall of the gravity component and to limit the displacement of the gravity component during its descent.

[0080] Specific examples Figure 11 As shown, the buffer assembly 6 includes a top support 61 and a bottom support 62 arranged opposite to each other, and a pressure spring 63 connected between the top support 61 and the bottom support 62. The top and bottom ends of the pressure spring 63 are respectively connected to the top support 61 and the bottom support 62. An upper central connecting rod 65 is provided in the middle of the bottom surface of the top support 61, and a lower central connecting rod 66 is provided in the middle of the top surface of the bottom support 62. Both the upper central connecting rod 65 and the lower central connecting rod 66 are located in the middle of the pressure spring 63. A sliding hole is opened in the middle of the top surface of the lower central connecting rod 66 in a vertical direction. The bottom end of the upper central connecting rod 65 is located in the sliding hole and can move up and down along the sliding hole.

[0081] It is understandable that the lower center link 66 limits the upper center link 65 by moving up and down in the sliding hole in the lower center link 66. Since the top and bottom ends of the pressure spring 63 are connected to the top support 61 and the bottom support 62 respectively, the pressure spring 63 can lift the top support 61 upward under the action of elasticity. Under the downward action of the gravity component, a certain force is applied to the top support 61, and the pressure spring 63 is compressed for buffering. The upper center link 65 slides downward in the sliding hole in the lower center link 66 until the pressure spring 63 is compressed to its limit. In this embodiment, the buffering effect of the gravity component is achieved by multiple buffer components 6.

[0082] In some embodiments, an upper annular protective ring 67 is provided on the bottom surface of the top support 61, and a lower annular protective ring 68 is provided on the surface of the bottom support 62. The lower annular protective ring 68 is fitted inside the upper annular protective ring 67, and the pressure spring 63 is located inside the lower annular protective ring 68. The outer diameter of the lower annular protective ring 68 is equal to the inner diameter of the upper annular protective ring 67. It can be understood that when the pressure spring 63 pushes the top support 61 to its highest point, a portion of the top of the lower annular protective ring 68 is located inside the upper annular protective ring 67. This ensures that when the pressure spring 63 compresses downward, the upper annular protective ring 67 is fitted outside the lower annular protective ring 68 and moves in contact with the inner wall of the lower annular protective ring 68, preventing the upper annular protective ring 67 from moving further downward. In this embodiment, the limiting effect of the lower annular protective ring 68 can constrain the compression direction of the pressure spring 63 and prevent foreign objects from entering the buffer assembly 6 and causing it to malfunction.

[0083] In some embodiments, such as Figure 11 As shown, the pressure-bearing component includes a locking platform 5; wherein the locking platform 5 is fixed in a ring shape on the periphery of the shaft 12 and located on the ground outside the top of the shaft 12, and the inner side of the locking platform 5 is fixedly connected to the buffer component 6, which is located outside the buffer component 6 and is located below the pressure-bearing base 4 in the vertical direction.

[0084] In this embodiment, the locking platform 5 is fixedly connected to the buffer assembly 6 by setting an angle steel 64; one end of the angle steel 64 is set on the inner wall of the locking platform 5, and the other end is fixed to the bottom of the buffer assembly 6. It can be understood that under accident conditions, the impact load generated by the free fall of the gravity assembly is evenly distributed to each buffer assembly 6, maximizing the buffering effect of the buffer assembly 6. After the buffer assembly 6 reaches its limit, the contact between the gravity assembly and the top of the locking platform 5 can achieve the effect of buffering and shock absorption. Preferably, an elastic pad 51 can be set on the top of the locking platform 5, which can also play a certain role in buffering and shock absorption. In this embodiment, the locking platform 5 is used to fix the buffer assembly 6, ensuring that the buffer assembly 6 absorbs and buffers the gravity assembly in the vertical direction, and at the same time limits the downward displacement of the gravity assembly in the vertical direction. The lowest point of the gravity assembly's downward movement, i.e., the pressure base 4, contacts the upper end of the locking platform 5.

[0085] In some embodiments, the energy storage system includes a guiding device 3, which includes a guide trough and rollers, such as... Figure 10 As shown; multiple guide grooves are provided, distributed around the gravity component, and the guide grooves are set on the inner wall of the vertical shaft 12 or the outside of the vertical shaft 12; the rollers cooperate with the guide grooves and connect with the bottom of the guide grooves so that the rollers move up and down along the bottom of the guide grooves when the gravity component moves up and down.

[0086] Multiple guide channels are provided, distributed around the periphery of the gravity component. These guide channels can be located on the inner wall or outer side of the shaft 12; that is, they can be located either inside or outside the shaft 12. Multiple rollers are also provided, each mounted on the periphery of the gravity component via a rotating shaft. The rollers are in contact with the bottom of the guide channels, allowing them to move up and down along the bottom of the guide channels as the gravity component moves.

[0087] Understandably, when the gravity components move within the shaft 12 during energy storage, multiple guide grooves can be installed on the inner wall of the shaft 12. For example, four guide grooves can be installed at equal angles on the inner wall of the shaft 12. Since the rollers on the gravity components are mounted on the periphery of the gravity components via rotating shafts, the rollers can rotate on the gravity components. When the rollers are in contact with the bottom of the guide grooves, they can not only limit the movement of the gravity components through the guide grooves, but also constrain the direction of movement of the gravity components in conjunction with the rollers. At the same time, the gravity components move vertically upward or downward along the direction of the guide grooves at a certain speed. Lubricants, such as grease or graphite, should be added periodically to the contact points between the guide grooves and the rollers to reduce friction and improve the conversion rate of gravitational potential energy.

[0088] Alternatively, multiple tower structures 2 may be installed on the ground outside the top of the shaft 12. These tower structures 2 are distributed around the shaft 12 and located outside the locking platform 5. Multiple guide channels are installed on the multiple tower structures 2, i.e., four tower structures 2 can be installed. Then, the four guide channels are installed on the four tower structures 2 outside the shaft 12. During energy storage, part of the gravity component is located outside the shaft 12, and part is located inside the shaft 12. The outer wall of the gravity component inside the shaft 12 and the inner wall of the shaft 12 are sealed and connected by a sealing membrane 8.

[0089] In some embodiments, guide devices 3 are provided on the periphery of each of the multiple gravity blocks 1. The guide devices 3 are installed on the periphery of the gravity blocks 1 and located between the gravity blocks 1 and the tower structure 2 opposite to the gravity blocks 1. A gap is reserved between the outer wall of the gravity blocks 1 and the inner wall of the tower. Multiple rollers are respectively provided on the periphery of the gravity block assembly and the periphery of the outer wall of the top of the pressure cylinder 10, so that the gravity block assembly and the pressure cylinder 10 on the ground can move up and down along the guide groove by means of the rollers during the up and down movement.

[0090] Specifically, each gravity block 1 has an installation groove on its periphery, in which a steel plate groove is installed. The roller is located in the steel plate groove, and the rotating shaft connected to the roller is installed between the side walls on opposite sides of the steel plate groove. This is a common structural setting and will not be described in detail here.

[0091] In some embodiments, a steel liner 13 is provided on the inner wall of the shaft 12, and the sealing membrane 8 is connected to the inner wall of the steel liner 13. By providing the steel liner 13, the inner wall of the shaft 12 can be ensured to be a smooth wall surface. Since the pressure cylinder 10 is also a cylindrical structure surrounded by steel plates, it also has a smooth outer wall surface structure. Thus, when the sealing membrane 8 is fixed on the steel liner 13 and the pressure cylinder 10, the sealing performance of the sealing membrane 8 can be improved, and the installation of the sealing membrane 8 can be facilitated.

[0092] Additionally, it should be noted that the pressure cylinder 10 is filled with sand.

[0093] Understandably, the pressure cylinder 10 can be a cylindrical structure made of steel plates with a hollow interior, which reduces weight and facilitates hoisting. In addition, filling the inside of the pressure cylinder 10 with sand can increase the gravity of energy storage.

[0094] In some embodiments, an anti-settlement component is provided on the outer wall of the shaft 12; wherein the anti-settlement component includes a plurality of ring beams 25 arranged in a vertical direction along the outer wall of the shaft 12 at intervals.

[0095] like Figure 7 To increase the load-bearing capacity of the shaft 12, the surrounding soil layer 7 can be reinforced, thereby improving the bearing capacity of the shaft 12 and addressing the situation where the huge load above the gravity compressed air energy storage system is transferred to the foundation 26 of the shaft 12. Therefore, this embodiment ensures the safe operation of the gravity compressed air energy storage system by designing a reasonable shaft 12 and adopting effective foundation 26 treatment methods. In this embodiment, a steel lining 13 is installed on the inner wall of the shaft 12, and an anti-settlement component is installed on its outer wall; the anti-settlement component includes multiple annular ring beams 25 with a certain strength made of profiles, which are sequentially and equally spaced in the vertical direction and fitted onto the outer wall of the shaft 12 to reinforce the shaft 12 and prevent settlement.

[0096] In some embodiments, the anti-settlement component includes a foundation 26, wherein the foundation 26 is disposed at the bottom of the outer wall of the shaft 12.

[0097] Preferably, a concrete foundation 26 of a certain thickness and strength is provided at the bottom of the outer wall of the shaft 12 to control the settlement and deformation of the shaft 12, thereby supporting all loads during the operation of the gravity compressed air energy storage system.

[0098] In addition, the gravity compressed air energy storage system also includes an air compression unit, an air expansion unit, and a generator. The air compression unit has an inlet connected to an air intake device, and its outlet is connected to the inlet of the air storage chamber 11 via an energy storage pipeline. The outlet of the air storage chamber 11 is connected to the inlet of the air expansion unit via an energy release pipeline, and the outlet of the air expansion unit is connected to the generator. A heat exchange unit is provided between the energy storage pipeline and the energy release pipeline. The exemplary air compression unit can be configured with several stages of air compressors as needed; the air expansion unit can be configured with several stages of expanders as needed.

[0099] The energy release pipeline is equipped with a flow detection device, a pressure detection device, and a regulating valve. The flow detection device, pressure detection device, and regulating valve are all connected to the control unit of the gravity compressed air energy storage system, enabling real-time monitoring and control of the system's key parameters.

[0100] In this embodiment, the gravity compressed air energy storage system operates as follows:

[0101] During periods of low electricity demand, the gravity compressed air energy storage system stores energy. The energy release pipeline is closed, and the energy storage pipeline is opened. Air enters the air compression unit through the air intake device and is compressed into compressed air. The heat generated is stored in the heat exchange unit. The compressed air enters the air storage chamber 11 through the energy storage pipeline. The volume of the air storage chamber 11 increases, and the gravity block 1 is lifted by the constant pressure of the compressed air, converting electrical energy into compressed air energy and the gravitational potential energy of the gravity block 1.

[0102] During peak electricity consumption periods, the compressed air energy storage system releases energy by opening the energy release pipeline and closing the energy storage pipeline. Gravity block 1 descends, reducing the volume of the air storage chamber 11. The compressed air is heated by the heat exchange unit and then enters the air expansion unit through the energy release pipeline to perform work at constant pressure and drive the generator to generate electricity, converting the compressed air energy and the gravitational potential energy of gravity block 1 into electrical energy.

[0103] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0104] Any process or method description in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing a particular logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the invention includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, as will be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of the invention pertain.

[0105] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0106] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gravity compressed air energy storage system, characterized in that, The application relates to a vertical shaft, a gravity assembly is movably inserted into the vertical shaft, a gap is formed between the outer wall of the gravity assembly and the inner wall of the vertical shaft, a sealing film is arranged in the gap, the sealing film is sealingly connected with the outer wall of the gravity assembly and the inner wall of the vertical shaft, and a gas storage chamber is formed among the sealing film, the space below the sealing film in the vertical shaft and the gravity assembly; wherein the sealing film is connected with the outer wall of the gravity assembly through an anchoring structure. The anchoring structure comprises a film clamping bottom plate; the film clamping bottom plate is arranged below the gravity assembly in the vertical direction and has a gap between the film clamping bottom plate and the gravity assembly; a leakage prevention assembly; the leakage prevention assembly comprises sealing gaskets, wherein the sealing gaskets comprise first and second sealing gaskets; the first and second sealing gaskets are arranged in the gap and oppositely arranged in the vertical direction; one end of the sealing film anchor is arranged between the first and second sealing gaskets, so as to connect the sealing film with the gravity assembly; and an outer connecting ring; the outer connecting ring is arranged on the circumferential side of the first and second sealing gaskets; the outer connecting ring is arranged on the circumferential side of the gap and in contact with the sealing film outside the gap, so as to reduce the pulling stress of the sealing film. The first and second sealing gaskets are integrated with the outer connecting ring.

2. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein, The leakage prevention assembly comprises pressure resisting gaskets, wherein the pressure resisting gaskets comprise first and second pressure resisting gaskets; the first and second pressure resisting gaskets are oppositely arranged in the gap in the vertical direction; the first pressure resisting gasket is arranged on the inner side of the first sealing gasket; the second pressure resisting gasket is arranged on the inner side of the second sealing gasket; and one end of the sealing film is arranged between the first and second pressure resisting gaskets.

3. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein, The surfaces of the first and second pressure resisting gaskets are provided with frosted layers; the frosted layers are used to reduce the pulling stress of the sealing film.

4. The energy storage system of claim 3, wherein, The leakage prevention assembly comprises a pressing bottom support arranged in the gap; the pressing bottom support is arranged below the pressure resisting gaskets and the sealing gaskets in the vertical direction.

5. An energy storage system according to claim 3 or 4, wherein, The film clamping bottom plate is connected with the gravity assembly through a bolt assembly; wherein the bolt assembly comprises a plurality of anchor bolts; the anchor bolts pass through the film clamping bottom plate, the leakage prevention assembly and the sealing film in the vertical direction and are connected with the bottom of the gravity assembly.

6. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein, The bolt assembly comprises a bolt steel support; wherein the bolt steel support is arranged in the interior of the gravity assembly; and the anchor bolts are connected with the bolt steel support.

7. The energy storage system of claim 6, wherein, The bolt assembly comprises a base; wherein the base is arranged on the bottom of the gravity assembly and above the leakage prevention assembly.

8. The energy storage system of claim 6, wherein, The gravity assembly comprises a gravity block group and a pressure bearing assembly; wherein the gravity block group is arranged on the top of the pressure bearing assembly; the bottom of the pressure bearing assembly extends into the vertical shaft and the outer wall of the pressure bearing assembly is connected with the sealing film; and the top of the pressure bearing assembly is arranged on the ground on the top of the vertical shaft.

9. The energy storage system of claim 8, wherein, ​ 10. The energy storage system of claim 9, wherein, The pressure-bearing assembly comprises a pressure-bearing cylinder and a pressure-bearing base; the bottom of the pressure-bearing cylinder extends into the shaft, and the top of the pressure-bearing cylinder is provided with the pressure-bearing base; the gravity block group is located above the pressure-bearing base, so that the pressure-bearing cylinder is supported on the ground at the top of the shaft through the pressure-bearing base when the pressure-bearing cylinder moves downward to the lowest limit.

11. The energy storage system of claim 10, wherein, The pressure-bearing assembly comprises a buffer assembly; the buffer assembly is distributed on the lateral side of the shaft and located on the ground outside the top end of the shaft, and the top of the buffer assembly is connected with the pressure-bearing base.

12. The energy storage system of claim 11, wherein, The buffer assembly comprises oppositely arranged top support and bottom support and pressure spring connected between the top support and the bottom support; the middle of the bottom surface of the top support is provided with an upper center link; the middle of the top surface of the bottom support is provided with a lower center link, and the upper center link and the lower center link are located in the middle of the pressure spring; the middle of the top end surface of the lower center link is provided with a sliding hole arranged in the vertical direction, and the bottom end of the upper center link moves up and down along the sliding hole.

13. The energy storage system of claim 12, wherein, The bottom surface of the top support is provided with an upper annular protection ring, and the surface of the bottom support is provided with a lower annular protection ring, and the lower annular protection ring is sleeved in the upper annular protection ring; the pressure spring is located in the lower annular protection ring.

14. The energy storage system of claim 11, wherein, The pressure-bearing assembly comprises a locking platform; the locking platform is arranged on the lateral side of the shaft and located on the ground outside the top end of the shaft, and the locking platform is connected with the buffer assembly and located outside the buffer assembly.

15. The energy storage system of claim 14, wherein, The locking platform is fixedly connected with the buffer assembly through an angle steel; one end of the angle steel is arranged on the inner wall of the locking platform, and the other end is fixedly connected with the bottom of the buffer assembly.

16. The energy storage system of any of claims 8-15, wherein, The energy storage system comprises a guide device comprising guide grooves and rollers; wherein the guide grooves are arranged in multiple, and the multiple guide grooves are distributed on the lateral side of the gravity assembly, and the guide grooves are arranged on the inner wall of the shaft or outside the shaft; the rollers cooperate with the guide grooves and are connected with the groove bottom of the guide grooves, so that the rollers move up and down along the groove bottom of the guide grooves when the gravity assembly moves up and down.

17. The energy storage system of claim 16, wherein, The ground outside the top end of the shaft is provided with multiple tower structures, and the multiple guide grooves are respectively arranged on the multiple tower structures.

18. The energy storage system of claim 17, wherein, The lateral side of each of the multiple gravity pressure blocks is provided with the guide device, and the guide device is arranged on the lateral side of the gravity pressure block and located between the gravity pressure block and the tower structure opposite to the gravity pressure block.

19. The energy storage system of claim 16, wherein, A steel lining is arranged on the inner wall of the shaft, and the sealing film is connected to the inner wall of the steel lining.

20. The energy storage system of claim 16, wherein, A sedimentation-preventing assembly is arranged on the outer wall of the shaft; wherein the sedimentation-preventing assembly comprises multiple ring beams arranged in sequence and spaced apart in the vertical direction along the outer wall of the shaft.

21. The energy storage system of claim 20, wherein, The sedimentation-preventing assembly comprises a foundation, wherein the foundation is arranged at the bottom of the outer wall of the shaft.

22. The energy storage system of claim 16, wherein, The gravity block group comprises multiple gravity pressure blocks arranged in layers in the vertical direction, wherein a movement-preventing assembly is arranged on each adjacent gravity pressure block. The movement-preventing assembly enables the gravity centers of the multiple gravity pressure blocks to always be in the same vertical direction.

23. The energy storage system of claim 22, wherein, The anti-moving assembly comprises a male tenon and / or a female tenon, at least one male tenon and / or a female tenon is arranged on each of the adjacent gravity pressing blocks, and the male tenon arranged on the adjacent gravity pressing block cooperates with the female tenon.

24. The energy storage system of claim 17, wherein, A magnetic force member is arranged on each of the adjacent gravity pressing blocks to realize mutual attraction of the adjacent gravity pressing blocks and control vertical movement of the gravity pressing blocks.

25. The energy storage system of claim 10, wherein, The pressure-bearing cylinder is filled with sand.

26. A method of operating a gravity compressed air energy storage system, characterized by, A method for operating the energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-25, comprising the following steps: An air compression unit, an air expansion unit and a generator are arranged; an air inlet device is connected to an inlet of the air compression unit; an outlet of the air compression unit is connected to an inlet of a gas storage chamber through an energy storage pipeline; an outlet of the gas storage chamber is connected to an inlet of the air expansion unit through an energy release pipeline; and an outlet of the air expansion unit is connected to the generator; During a low power consumption period of a power grid, the energy storage system stores energy, the energy release pipeline is closed and the energy storage pipeline is opened, air enters the air compression unit through the air inlet device and is compressed into compressed air; the compressed air enters the gas storage chamber through the energy storage pipeline and increases the volume of the gas storage chamber, and the gravity assembly constantly rises at a constant pressure; During a high power consumption period of the power grid, the energy storage system releases energy, the energy release pipeline is opened and the energy storage pipeline is closed; the volume of the gas storage chamber decreases so that the gravity assembly falls; the compressed air enters the air expansion unit through the energy release pipeline to do work at a constant pressure and drives the generator to generate electricity.

27. The method of operating of claim 26, wherein, During the energy storage stage of the energy storage system, a heat exchange unit is arranged between the energy storage pipeline and the energy release pipeline; heat generated during the compression process of air entering the air compression unit is stored in the heat exchange unit; during the energy release stage of the energy storage system, the compressed air is heated by the heat exchange unit after passing through the heat exchange unit from the gas storage chamber, and then enters the air expansion unit through the energy release pipeline.

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