Reaming hole machining tool

Abstract

A reaming hole machining tool includes a shank that can be mounted on a rotating machine, an axis extending longitudinally along the shank, and a cutting part for performing cutting machining, which includes an end face in the feed direction. From the end face in the feed direction of the tool for reaming holes to the axis of the shank, a cutting part, a leading calibration part, and a calibration part are sequentially arranged. The two axial ends of the leading calibration part are respectively connected to the cutting part and the calibration part. The calibration intersection line formed by the circumferential side wall of the leading calibration part on the radial plane is inclined to the axis, and the included angle is less than 90°. The reaming hole machining tool of the present invention is used to perform reaming machining of holes, especially reaming machining of holes formed in metal materials, reduce or eliminate the feed marks on the hole wall, the hole wall is smooth, the surface roughness reaches below Ra0.5, and it presents a bright and uniform silver-white color.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a hole machining tool, and more particularly to a tool for precision machining, which is used for reaming hole machining of non-ferrous metal materials. Background Art

[0002] A reamer is a tool that removes the surface material of a machined hole by rotary cutting to perform hole expansion or hole repair, so as to improve the machining accuracy of the hole and reduce the surface roughness. It includes a working part and a shank part. The working part functions for cutting and calibration, and the diameter at the calibration part has a taper. It usually has one or more cutting edges, and the shapes are, for example, straight or spiral.

[0003] In hole machining, problems with the surface quality of the inner hole mainly caused by feed marks often occur, and specific solutions vary, such as: reducing the cutting speed, selecting a cutting fluid according to the machining material, appropriately reducing the main cutting edge angle, correctly grinding the cutting edge of the reamer, appropriately reducing the reaming allowance, improving the position accuracy and quality of the bottom hole before reaming or increasing the reaming allowance, grinding the width of the land, reducing the number of reamer teeth, increasing the chip flute space, adopting a blade rake angle, grinding away the grinding area during grinding, taking protective measures during grinding / use / transportation, using an oilstone to repair the reamer, and adopting a front angle of 5° - 10°, etc.

[0004] Thus, how to reduce the hole wall roughness and stably obtain the hole wall roughness has always been a technical problem to be solved in reamer manufacturing. In addition to the technical means adopted in aspects such as the use and manufacturing of reamers as described above, in terms of the optimized design of reamers, the existing technologies mainly include: using an adjustable single-edge reamer instead of a conventional reamer, that is, using an arc-shaped outer peripheral support block and a straight back angle type outer peripheral cutting part to replace the arc-shaped outer peripheral land part; optimizing the design of the radial width on the cylindrical calibration part, such as: increasing the width of the land or reducing the width of the land; and adopting a multi-segment taper angle cutting edge part, that is, a cutting edge connecting the cylinder and the calibration part often adopts a small taper angle or uses an arc-shaped cutting edge part to replace the taper angle cutting edge part, etc. These technical means can obtain better hole wall surface roughness in tool cases with specific processing requirements. However, for most reamers, these solutions still cannot solve the feed marks generated on the hole wall during reaming. Summary of the Invention

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a tool for reaming hole machining of non-ferrous metals, which can eliminate the feed marks on the hole wall and reduce the hole wall roughness.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a tool for reaming hole machining of non-ferrous metals, which can reduce the matte surface and improve the smoothness of the hole wall.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a tool for reaming holes in aluminum alloy metal to present a bright silver-white color.

[0008] The metal system is composed of metal elements. Most of them are excellent conductors of electricity and heat, have ductility, relatively large density, and relatively high melting point. In Chinese characters, the names of these elements mostly have the "gold" radical (radical).

[0009] Non-ferrous alloys belong to metals, usually referring to all metals except iron, chromium, and manganese, such as: aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, strontium, barium, copper, lead, zinc, tin, cobalt, nickel, antimony, mercury, cadmium, bismuth, gold, silver, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, beryllium, lithium, rubidium, cesium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, rhenium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, yttrium, thorium, and non-ferrous alloys, such as: but not limited to aluminum alloys, copper alloys, magnesium alloys, nickel alloys, tin alloys, tantalum alloys, titanium alloys, zinc alloys, molybdenum alloys, and zirconium alloys, etc. These substances are used alone or in combination in the present invention and are the direct objects of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0010] A tool includes a shank that can be mounted on a mechanical device, an axis arranged axially along the shank, a cutting part for performing reaming hole machining, and a calibration part, and further includes a leading calibration part that is arranged before the calibration part and after the cutting part.

[0011] A specific implementation manner of the tool of the present invention is that, axially from the end face in the feed direction of the tool for reaming holes to the shank, a cutting part, a leading calibration part, and a calibration part are sequentially arranged. The two ends of the leading calibration part in the axial direction are respectively connected to the cutting part and the calibration part.

[0012] The cutting part includes at least 2 or more cutting edges and an end face in the feed direction. The intersection line of the cutting edge formed by the cutting part and the radial plane is a straight line, an arc, or a combination thereof. When the intersection line of the cutting edge is a straight line, it is inclined to the axial direction and forms a taper.

[0013] The calibration part has a land on its outer periphery and is also provided with a BT0.02 / 100 - 0.3 / 100 taper (that is, on the tool, the diameter at the front end in the feed direction is larger than the diameter at the rear end). The land does not perform cutting on the material, but extrudes and rubs the material on both sides in the feed direction of the tool. It is usually located at different parts of the tool from the cutting edge. Usually, the land is also a part of the outer circle of the tool in the radial direction.

[0014] Axially from the end face in the feed direction of the tool for reaming hole machining to the shank, the calibration intersection line formed by the circumferential side wall of the leading calibration portion on the radial plane is inclined to the axis, and the included angle is less than 90°. The distance difference between the two ends of the calibration intersection line to the axis is 0.001 mm to 0.03 mm, preferably 0.002 mm to 0.008 mm, especially 0.002 mm to 0.003 mm.

[0015] A plurality of calibration intersection lines are formed by the circumferential side wall of the leading calibration portion on the radial plane. These calibration intersection lines form the circumferential side wall profile of the leading calibration portion. That is, the outer periphery of the leading calibration portion is also a land, and the leading calibration portion has a positive taper.

[0016] The distance from one end of the calibration intersection line to the reference plane is 0.05 mm to 1.5 mm, preferably 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm, especially 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm. The reference plane is a plane orthogonal to the axis, and the other end of the calibration intersection line also falls on this plane.

[0017] The tool of the present invention is used for implementing reaming hole machining. The holes to be machined are straight holes commonly referred to in industrial production. The directions in which the hole walls extend towards both ends are parallel or nearly parallel to the axis of the hole. That is, due to objective errors in machining and measurement, it is usually only possible to achieve approximate parallelism.

[0018] Beneficial effects achieved by the technical solution of the present invention:

[0019] The tool of the present invention is used for implementing reaming machining of holes, especially for reaming holes formed in metal materials. It reduces or eliminates the feed marks on the hole wall, the hole wall is smooth, the surface roughness reaches below Ra0.5, and it shows a bright and uniform silver-white color.

[0020] The tool of the present invention adopts a leading calibration portion, which can be applied to most reamers and stably obtain a bright hole wall without feed marks during their use. It improves the hole wall quality of non-tapered holes in metal materials, especially aluminum alloy materials, during reaming hole machining. The machined hole wall does not turn white (microscopically belonging to tool damage to the hole wall), does not turn yellow (microscopically belonging to excessive extrusion of the tool on the hole wall), does not turn black (microscopically belonging to excessive extrusion and damage of the hole wall), and there is no matte surface (microscopically belonging to excessive tool marks, tool sticking and damage). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the tool for implementing reaming hole machining of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is Figure 1 An enlarged schematic diagram of the "P" shown;

[0023] Figure 3 is Figure 1Schematic diagram of another embodiment at "P"

[0024] Figure 4 is Figure 1 Schematic diagram of another embodiment at "P"

[0025] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a multi - concentric straight - hole reaming tool for aluminum alloy castings Detailed implementation mode

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments of the present invention are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solution of the invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, and they should all be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0027] As shown in the figure, a formed reamer is used for processing multiple concentric straight holes on an aluminum alloy casting. The advantage of using a formed reamer is that several holes can be processed into shape at one time. It not only reduces the processing time by several times, but also can directly ensure geometric tolerance requirements such as concentricity of each hole regardless of the repeat accuracy of the machine tool. It is an advanced tool with high efficiency and low cost. The two diameters of Φ4.582mm and Φ7.536mm are respectively located at the first and second steps of the tool, that is, the tip of the tool. In actual processing, there are always circular machining tool marks on the hole walls processed by these two steps. Through microscopic observation, the pitch of these circular marks is equivalent to the feed step. It is initially judged to be a feed mark. For the feed mark, the following multiple solutions in Table 1 were tested simultaneously. The main improvement points and test effects are shown in Table 1 below.

[0028] Table 1

[0029]

[0030]

[0031] As shown in the above table, various means were used to adjust the tool, and most of them did not achieve a substantial improvement in the hole wall quality.

[0032] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of an embodiment of the tool for implementing reaming hole processing of the present invention Figure 2 is Figure 1 The enlarged schematic diagram at the shown "P". As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the cutting tool of this embodiment is used for reaming non-tapered holes in metal materials, and it includes a shank 100 that can be installed on a rotating machine, an axis 200 extending longitudinally along the shank 100, and a cutting body 300 including a cutting part 310, a leading calibration part 320, and a calibration part 330. The cutting part 310, the leading calibration part 320, and the calibration part 330 are sequentially arranged axially from the end face 340 in the feed direction of the cutting tool for reaming the hole to the shank. The two ends of the leading calibration part 320 in the axial direction are respectively connected to the cutting part 310 and the calibration part 320.

[0033] The cutting part 310 includes at least two or more cutting edges. The intersection line 311 of the cutting edge formed with the radial plane is a straight line, an arc, or a combination thereof (see Figure 3 and Figure 4 ). When the intersection line at the cutting edge is a straight line, it is inclined to the axial direction and forms a taper.

[0034] The calibration part 330 has a land on its outer circumference and is also provided with a BT0.02 / 100 - 0.3 / 100 reverse taper (that is, on the cutting tool, the diameter at the front end in the feed direction is larger than the diameter at the rear end). The land does not perform cutting on the material, but squeezes and rubs the material on both sides in the feed direction of the cutting tool, and it is usually located at different parts of the cutting tool from the cutting edge. Usually, the land is also a part of the outer circumference of the cutting tool in the radial direction.

[0035] Applying the technical solution of this embodiment to Figure 1 the cutting tool shown for reaming holes, the test results are as shown in Table 2 below.

[0036] Table 2

[0037]

[0038] Axially from the end face in the feed direction of the cutting tool for reaming the hole to the shank, the calibration intersection line 321 formed by the circumferential side wall of the leading calibration part 320 on the radial plane is inclined to the axis, and the included angle is less than 90°. The distance difference H between the two ends of the calibration intersection line 321 to the axis is 0.001 mm - 0.03 mm, preferably 0.002 mm - 0.008 mm, especially 0.002 mm - 0.003 mm.

[0039] The numerous calibration intersection lines 321 formed by the circumferential side wall of the leading calibration part on the radial plane constitute the circumferential side wall contour of the leading calibration part. Preferably, the leading calibration part 320 has a positive taper and is shaped like a frustum of a cone.

[0040] The distance D from one end of the calibration intersection line 321 to the reference plane 400 is 0.05 mm to 1.5 mm, preferably 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm, especially 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm. The reference plane is a plane orthogonal to the axis, and the other end of the calibration intersection line also lies on this plane.

[0041] For the tool of this embodiment, the leading calibration part 320 first presses the cutting surface formed by the cutting part to eliminate the feed marks, obtaining a smooth and uniform cutting - quasi - extrusion polishing surface, and then the subsequent calibration part 330 processes the cutting - quasi - extrusion polishing surface without feed ring marks to complete the reaming operation.

[0042] Different - specification leading calibration parts 320 are respectively arranged on the reamer as follows:

[0043] The distance difference between the two ends of the calibration intersection line 321 to the axis is 0.003 mm, and the distance D from one end of the calibration intersection line 321 to the reference plane is 0.2 mm, denoted as: 0.2×0.003 leading calibration part;

[0044] The distance difference between the two ends of the calibration intersection line 321 to the axis is 0.006 mm, and the distance D from one end of the calibration intersection line 321 to the reference plane is 0.2 mm, denoted as: 0.2×0.006 leading calibration part;

[0045] The distance difference between the two ends of the calibration intersection line 321 to the axis is 0.003 mm, and the distance D from one end of the calibration intersection line 321 to the reference plane is 0.3 mm, denoted as: 0.3×0.003 leading calibration part,

[0046] And reaming processing is performed on the holes of ADC series die - cast aluminum alloy. The results are shown in Tables 3, 4, and 5 below. In the tables, Dp is the cutting allowance, F is the feed rate, and S is the tool rotation speed.

[0047] Table 3

[0048]

[0049] Table 4

[0050]

[0051] Table 5

[0052]

[0053] In the reaming processing of the holes, the processing quality of the holes can be significantly improved by setting the leading calibration part of this embodiment, that is, the hole wall is bright, without feed marks and without scratches.

[0054] The cutting tool of the present invention adopts a leading calibration part, which can be applied to most reamers and stably obtain a bright hole wall without feed marks during their use, improving the hole wall quality of the non-tapered hole in the reaming hole machining of metal materials, especially aluminum alloy materials. The machined hole wall does not turn white (microscopically, it belongs to the cutting tool scratching the hole wall), does not turn yellow (microscopically, it belongs to the cutting tool over-extruding the hole wall), does not turn black (microscopically, it belongs to the over-extrusion and scratching of the hole wall), and there is no matte surface (microscopically, it is due to excessive tool marks, tool sticking and scratching).

Claims

1. A reaming tool for hole machining, characterized in that Comprising: A shank that can be mounted on a mechanical device; An axis disposed axially along the shank; A cutting portion for performing cutting machining, including an end face in the feed direction; From the end face in the feed direction of the tool reaming hole machining to the axis of the shank, the cutting portion, the leading calibration portion and the calibration portion are sequentially arranged. The two ends of the leading calibration portion in the axial direction are respectively connected to the cutting portion and the calibration portion; The calibration portion has an inverted taper; A plurality of calibration intersection lines formed by the circumferential side wall of the leading calibration portion on the radial plane. The calibration intersection lines are inclined to the axis, and the included angle is less than 90°. These calibration intersection lines form the circumferential side wall profile of the leading calibration portion and have a positive taper; The distance difference between the two ends of the calibration intersection line to the axis is 0.001 mm to 0.03 mm; The distance from one end of the calibration intersection line to a reference plane is 0.05 mm to 1.5 mm. The reference plane is a plane orthogonal to the axis, and the other end of the calibration intersection line also falls on the reference plane; 2. The reaming tool for hole machining according to claim 1, wherein The distance difference between the two ends of the calibration intersection line to the axis is 0.002 mm to 0.008 mm; 3. The reaming tool for machining a hole according to claim 1, characterized in that The distance difference between the two ends of the calibration intersection line to the axis is 0.002 mm to 0.003 mm; 4. The reaming tool for machining holes according to claim 1, wherein The distance from one end of the calibration intersection line to a reference plane is 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm. The reference plane is a plane orthogonal to the axis, and the other end of the calibration intersection line also falls on the reference plane; 5. The reaming tool for hole machining according to claim 1, characterized in that The distance from one end of the calibration intersection line to a reference plane is 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm. The reference plane is a plane orthogonal to the axis, and the other end of the calibration intersection line also falls on the reference plane; 6. The reaming tool for hole machining according to claim 1, wherein The inverted taper is BT0.02 / 100 to 0.3 / 100; 7. The reaming tool for machining a hole according to claim 1, wherein The hole is made of a metal material; 8. The reaming tool for hole machining according to claim 1, characterized in that The hole is made of aluminum alloy; 9. The reaming tool for machining a hole according to claim 1, wherein The hole wall of the formed hole is smooth, and the roughness reaches below Ra0.5.

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