Method for rapidly growing seedling of paris polyphylla var. chinensis

Abstract

A method for rapid seedling and strong seedling of Paris polyphylla Smith, comprising the following steps: 1) seed selection, 2) pretreatment, 3) after-ripening and germination treatment, 4) young root cultivation, 5) sowing, 6) seedling management. The seedling method is simple, and through the steps of fruit picking, seed selection, pretreatment, after-ripening and germination treatment, young root cultivation, sowing and seedling management, the purpose of cultivating strong Paris polyphylla Smith seedlings is achieved. The planted Paris polyphylla Smith seedlings are strong, the Paris polyphylla Smith seed embryo has a short secondary dormancy time, the germination rate is high, the seedling quality is good, and the seedling cycle is shortened. Compared with the traditional seedling method, the method has low equipment requirements, simple operation steps, is environment-friendly and low in cost, and the cultivated Paris polyphylla Smith seedlings are strong and can be used for large-scale production of Paris polyphylla Smith.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the artificial propagation technology of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis, in particular to a method for rapidly growing and strengthening the seed of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis. BACKGROUND

[0002] Paris polyphylla var. chinensis is a plant of Liliaceae Paris, which is a variety of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis and a precious traditional Chinese medicinal material in China. It is recorded in Shennong Bencao Jing and Bencao Gangmu, and is one of the sources of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis. Together with Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, it is included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for many years. The rhizome is used as a medicine, and the main active ingredients include fritillarine, dioscin, steroids and alkaloids. It has the effects of clearing heat and resolving toxicity, relieving swelling and pain, cooling liver and calming shock, relieving asthma and coughing, etc. It has a significant effect on snake and insect bites, sprains, convulsions, sore throat, and so on. Modern medical research has proved that Paris polyphylla var. chinensis also has a good anti-tumor effect. At the same time, Paris polyphylla var. chinensis is also one of the main raw materials of famous Chinese patent medicines such as Yunnan Baiyao, Gongxuening, Reeduqing and Pianzaiyong. The annual demand for Paris polyphylla var. chinensis is more than 10,000 tons, and all of them are collected from wild resources. At present, the wild resources are extremely scarce due to the predatory exploitation, and the market is in short supply. Artificial cultivation is an important way to protect the resources of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis and meet the sustainable development of related industries.

[0003] The existing Paris polyphylla var. chinensis generally uses seed propagation. In order to improve the seedling time, hormone (such as gibberellin) induction treatment is generally used. Specifically, the full Paris polyphylla var. chinensis seeds are soaked in 1-3% hydrogen peroxide for 5-10 hours in the dark, then the water is absorbed with filter paper, and then the seeds are placed at 18-25℃ for 12-24 hours. Then the dried seeds are soaked in a 200-400ppm gibberellin solution for 12-48 hours, and the soaking process is carried out at 18-25℃ in the dark. The soaked seeds are dried with filter paper and placed on a clean bench, disinfected with 70-75% ethanol for 30 seconds, disinfected with 0.1-0.2% mercury for 4-10 minutes, then washed with sterile water three times and inoculated into 1 / 2MS medium. The light is 8-12 hours per day, and the temperature is 16-25℃. After 3 months, the seeds grow radicles and start to germinate. Although the use of hormone (such as gibberellin) induction treatment can speed up the seedling, the seedlings planted by this propagation method are weak and prone to long secondary dormancy of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis seed embryo, resulting in low germination rate, poor seedling quality and long seedling period, generally up to 3 years. Moreover, the above-mentioned Paris polyphylla var. chinensis seedling treatment has a low germination rate, and the use of seedling equipment requires relatively complex requirements and relatively high cost, which seriously restricts the large-scale artificial cultivation of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis. SUMMARY

[0004] This invention provides a method for rapidly growing strong seedlings from Paris polyphylla seeds, overcoming the shortcomings of existing Paris polyphylla seed propagation methods, such as weak seedlings, poor seedling quality, low seed germination rate, and relatively high cost.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for rapidly cultivating robust seedlings from Paris polyphylla seeds includes the following steps: 1) Seed selection: Mature Paris polyphylla capsules are harvested successively from October to November each year and reserved for later use; 2) Pretreatment: First, the outer wall of the ovary and the pulp of the Paris polyphylla capsules are removed, leaving only the seeds. Then, the seeds are soaked in a fungicide solution for 18-30 hours; 3) Post-ripening and germination treatment: The Paris polyphylla seeds undergo variable temperature and humidity treatment for 112-128 days. This variable temperature and humidity treatment is divided into four stages: the first stage, low temperature and humidity treatment, lasts for 28-32 days, with the temperature controlled at 0-5℃ and the humidity at 18%-22%; the second stage, low temperature and humidity treatment, lasts for 28-32 days, with the temperature controlled at 18-22℃ and the humidity at 18%. -22%, the third stage of low temperature and constant humidity treatment is controlled for 28-32 days, and the temperature is controlled at 0-5℃, and the humidity is controlled at 18%-22%; the fourth stage of low temperature and constant humidity treatment is controlled for 28-32 days, and the temperature is controlled at 18-22℃, and the humidity is controlled at 18%-22%; 4) Cultivating young roots: Mix the Paris polyphylla seeds that have undergone variable temperature and constant humidity treatment with a mixture of wet sand and sawdust, put them in a seedling tray, place them in a cool place, and keep them there for about 3 months to ensure that the Paris polyphylla seeds germinate young roots, and the humidity in the seedling tray is controlled at 48%-52%, and the temperature is controlled at 8-12℃; 5) Sowing: Renovate the prepared seedbed, add the prepared base fertilizer, and sow; 6) Seedling management: Water the seedlings regularly and remove weeds.

[0007] Furthermore, in step 1), when harvesting the fruits of Paris polyphylla, select fruits that have burst open, are fully ripe, have a deep red outer seed coat, have a slight odor, and are free from disease and mold.

[0008] Furthermore, the base fertilizer in step 5) is mainly composed of organic fertilizer and supplemented with high-potassium inorganic fertilizer. The amount of organic fertilizer used is 80% to 75% of the total weight of the base fertilizer; the N:P:K ratio of the inorganic fertilizer is 10:12:22.

[0009] Further, the way of the periodic watering management in step 5) is that the seedbed requires to be moist before emergence, and as little as possible is watered after emergence to the first leaf unfolding, and then the soil is properly watered, and the soil is not watered if it is not white, and the water is watered thoroughly if it is watered; the way of the weeding management is that the principle is not to hurt the Paris polyphylla and the underground root system, and the weeding is not carried out in the period from June to September every year when the sunlight intensity is large and in the period from November to March every year, and the weeding is carried out on the weeds which are higher than the Paris polyphylla in other months, and the weeds which are lower than the Paris polyphylla are not pulled out, and the weeds can play the role of the small climate of removing heat and keeping moisture, and the weeds are beneficial to the growth of the Paris polyphylla, and the weeds which are higher than the Paris polyphylla are cut at the stem, and the soil is not moved as much as possible to avoid hurting the root system of the Paris polyphylla.

[0010] From the above description of the present application, compared with the prior art, the present application has the advantages that: the seedling method is simple, and the purpose of cultivating the Paris polyphylla seedling is achieved through the steps of fruit picking and seed selection, pretreatment, after-ripening and germination treatment, young root cultivation, seeding, seedling period management and the like. The Paris polyphylla seedling is strong, the Paris polyphylla seed embryo has a short secondary dormancy time, a high germination rate, good seedling quality and a shortened seedling period. Moreover, compared with the traditional seedling method, the method has low equipment requirements, simple operation steps, is environment-friendly and low in cost, and the Paris polyphylla seedling is strong and can be used for large-scale production of the Paris polyphylla. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 The physical map of the Paris polyphylla fruit which is cracked and ripe.

[0012] Figure 2 The physical map of the Paris polyphylla seed which is drained after removing the ovary wall and pulp.

[0013] Figure 3 The physical map of the seed with a young root in the young root cultivation period.

[0014] Figure 4 The physical map of the growth situation of the seedling cultivated for one year.

[0015] Figure 5 The physical map of the growth situation of the seedling cultivated for two years. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Example 1

[0017] Reference is made to the attached Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5A method for fast seedling and strong seedling of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis, which comprises the following steps: 1) fruit picking: generally starting to pick mature Paris polyphylla var. chinensis capsules in October-November every year (especially in the central region of Fujian Province), and obtaining the fruits for standby. When picking the fruits of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis, the fruits that have burst open, are fully ripe, have dark red seed coats, have slight odor, and are free of diseases and mildew are selected for picking. Most of the seeds in such single fruits are high in maturity. The specific method can refer to the fruit picking method shown in the accompanying drawings Figure 1 The fruit picking method can pick the fruits of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis that have burst open, are fully ripe, have dark red seed coats, have slight odor, and are free of diseases and mildew, and can pick the seeds of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis that are higher in maturity, compared with the traditional fruit picking method.

[0018] 2) Pretreatment: removing the outer wall and pulp of the Paris polyphylla var. chinensis capsule, and leaving only the Paris polyphylla var. chinensis seeds for standby; then soaking the Paris polyphyphylla var. chinensis seeds in a carbendazim solution (prepared by tap water at room temperature) for 18-30 hours, and soaking once. The main purpose is to sterilize the Paris polyphylla var. chinensis seeds by using the carbendazim solution, and finally placing the sterilized Paris polyphylla var. chinensis seeds on a non-woven fabric in a draining frame for draining treatment. The sterilization treatment is used to prevent mildew during the pretreatment process, and provides the first guarantee measure for cultivating strong seedlings. The carbendazim solution is an aqueous solution, and the solution concentration can be determined according to the seed treatment method in the carbendazim use instruction. The specific method can refer to the pretreatment method shown in the accompanying drawings Figure 2 .

[0019] 3) After-ripening and germination treatment: since the Paris polyphylla var. chinensis seeds have the characteristic of after-ripening, the after-ripening and germination treatment is the most critical process for cultivating strong seedlings. The variable-temperature and constant-humidity treatment process generally adopts four stages of low-temperature and constant-humidity treatment, warm-temperature and constant-humidity treatment, low-temperature and constant-humidity treatment, and warm-temperature and constant-humidity treatment, and combines them to realize the seed after-ripening and germination process. The variable-temperature and constant-humidity treatment lasts for about 120 days, and each stage lasts for about 30 days. Since the Paris polyphylla var. chinensis seeds have the natural characteristic of "secondary dormancy", the variable-temperature and constant-humidity treatment must be used. The low-temperature (0-5℃) and constant-humidity (humidity 20%) treatment lasts for 28-32 days, and then the warm-temperature (18-22℃) and constant-humidity (humidity 20%) treatment is used, which lasts for 28-32 days. Then the low-temperature (0-5℃) and constant-humidity (humidity 20%) treatment is used again, which lasts for 28-32 days, and then the warm-temperature (18-22℃) and constant-humidity (humidity 20%) treatment is used in the last stage, which lasts for 28-32 days. The whole variable-temperature and constant-humidity treatment is to complete the seed after-ripening and break the secondary dormancy of the seeds, and to achieve the purpose of germination.

[0020] The specific operation steps of the above-mentioned variable temperature and humidity treatment are as follows: the first stage, low temperature and humidity treatment: after the seed is soaked in the carbendazim solution for 18-30 hours, the seed is taken out, drained, and mixed with the wet sand-sawdust mixture (the wet sand-sawdust mixture also needs to be soaked in the carbendazim solution for sterilization treatment, and the method is the same as the seed sterilization) in a volume ratio of 3:1, then the seed-wet sand-sawdust mixture is put into a non-woven bag and then into a self-sealing bag, and placed in a low temperature environment with a temperature of 0-5℃ and a humidity of 20%, and the placement time is about one month. It is more appropriate to carry out in November to December each year. The low temperature and humidity treatment is characterized in that the seed needs to be drained without water, the low temperature environment needs to be controlled at 5℃ and the humidity needs to be 20%, and the duration is one month. No other additional operations are required during this period. The purpose of this step is to make the seed perceive low temperature and stop growing, and then enter a dormant state; at the same time, the seeds with poor development or lower maturity are injured or (even) killed at this temperature, and the seeds with poor development or lower maturity are eliminated (the purpose is to select better seeds to provide protection for the cultivation of strong seedlings). The second stage, warm temperature and humidity treatment: the self-sealing bag containing the seed-wet sand-sawdust mixture is placed in a constant heat environment with a temperature of 18-22℃ and a humidity of 18%-22%, and the placement time is about one month. It is more appropriate to carry out in December to January each year. The warm temperature and humidity treatment is characterized in that the warm temperature environment needs to be controlled at 20℃ and the humidity needs to be 20%, and the duration is one month. No other additional operations are required during this period. The purpose of this step is to make the seed perceive warm temperature and enter a breaking dormancy state, promote embryo development of the seed, and complete morphological after-ripening, and further improve seed maturity. The third stage, low temperature and humidity treatment: the self-sealing bag containing the seed-wet sand-sawdust mixture is placed in a low temperature environment with a temperature of 0-5℃ and a humidity of 18%-22%, and the placement time is one month. It is more appropriate to carry out in January to February each year. The low temperature and humidity treatment is characterized in that the low temperature environment needs to be controlled at 0-5℃ and the humidity needs to be 18%-22%, and the duration is one month. To achieve seed germination, no other additional operations are required during this period. The fourth stage, warm temperature and humidity treatment: the self-sealing bag containing the seed-wet sand-sawdust mixture is placed in a constant heat environment with a temperature of 18-22℃ and a humidity of 18%-22%, and the placement time is about one month. It is more appropriate to carry out in February to March each year. The warm temperature and humidity treatment is characterized in that the warm temperature environment needs to be controlled at 18-22℃ and the humidity needs to be 18%-22%, and the duration is one month. This step can make the seed internal substances (such as abscisic acid) that inhibit germination be discharged, and the inhibitory substances can be adsorbed by the porous sawdust, thereby improving the seed germination rate. No other additional operations are required during this period. Compared with the traditional method, the after-ripening and germination treatment does not require exogenous hormones, enzymes and other drugs, has simple equipment requirements and operation steps, low seedling cultivation cost, and is environmentally friendly.The moist sand-sawdust mixture is used as the wetting agent to mix with the seeds, which utilizes the principle of sand storage and accumulation to achieve the seed germination.

[0021] 4) Cultivating the young roots: the seeds treated by the temperature and humidity treatment are mixed with the moist sand-sawdust mixture and placed in the seedling tray in a cool place. At this time (in March in the central region of Fujian), the air temperature is about 10°C, and the atmospheric humidity is controlled at 50%. The duration of the placement is about 3 months, and water should be added according to the humidity during this period, and the humidity is preferably maintained at 50%. It is generally appropriate to perform this step from March to the end of May each year. After this step, the seeds germinate and grow young roots about 1 cm long (for details, please refer to the attached photos). Figure 3 The seedling tray is placed in a cool place, and the air temperature is about 10°C, and the atmospheric humidity is preferably 50%. During this period, the humidity should be controlled and maintained at 50% for 3 months. The process of cultivating the young roots is the second key step. During the cultivation of the young roots, the seeds and the fine sand-sawdust mixture are uniformly mixed, placed in the seedling tray, and placed in a cool place with an air temperature of about 10°C and an atmospheric humidity of 50%. The duration of the placement is about 3 months, and water should be added according to the humidity during this period, and the humidity is preferably maintained at 50%. It is generally appropriate to perform this step from March to the end of May each year. After this step, the seeds germinate and grow strong young roots, which provides the third guarantee for the cultivation of strong seedlings by absorbing nutrients from the soil. Compared with the traditional method, this method enables the seedlings to grow developed root systems, allowing the seedlings to absorb sufficient water and nutrients, providing convenient conditions for the cultivation of strong seedlings. At the same time, the water and weeds are controlled during the seedling management, providing a good growth environment for the seedlings, thereby cultivating strong and disease-resistant seedlings.

[0022] 5) Sowing: the prepared seedbed (such as indoor seedbed) is renovated, the prepared base fertilizer is added, and sowing is carried out. About 90 jin of seeds per mu is sowed. When sowing, the seeds are scattered on the seedbed and required to be uniform and not to be adhered. The seedbed is covered with prepared organic covering (such as pine needles) and water is poured through. Sandy soil can be selected. This measure will help to cultivate healthy seedlings. The seedbed needs to be re-arranged and base fertilizer is added again. The amount of seeds sowed in the seedbed is about 90 jin per mu. When sowing, the seeds scattered on the seedbed need to be uniform and not to be adhered. The seeds scattered on the seedbed are covered with organic matter and water is poured through. The base fertilizer is 1500-2000 kg / mu, which is mainly organic fertilizer and supplemented with high potassium inorganic fertilizer. The amount of organic fertilizer is 80%-75% of the total weight of base fertilizer. The N:P:K in the inorganic fertilizer is 10:12:22. The raw materials of the organic fertilizer are 4-6 parts of wood raspberry fungus, 4-6 parts of bacillus subtilis, 48-55 parts of sheep manure, 38-45 parts of fungus residue, 18-22 parts of straw crushed material, 3-8 parts of oyster shell powder, 8-10 parts of lactic acid bacteria, and 18-20 parts of wood ash. The fungus residue, also known as edible fungus fertilizer, is the cultivation material after cultivating edible fungus. The fungus residue contains a large amount of mycelial protein, polysaccharide, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, vitamins, and various trace elements. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer includes the following steps: A. The sheep manure, fungus residue, straw crushed material, oyster shell powder, and lactic acid bacteria are weighed and mixed to form a mixture, which is sealed and fermented at 35-45℃ for 20-30 days to obtain a fermentation product; B. The wood ash, wood raspberry fungus, and bacillus subtilis are added to the fermentation product, which is then mixed to obtain the organic fertilizer. The mixed microbial inoculant in the organic fertilizer formula is specifically designed for the growth characteristics (main diseases and medicinal value) of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis. Only lactic acid bacteria is used as the fermentation bacteria to better complete the entire fermentation process (advantages: good fermentation effect and short fermentation time, more than one month shorter than high-temperature fermentation). The addition of bacillus subtilis with disease resistance effect and wood raspberry fungus for increasing the content of saponins in Paris polyphylla var. chinensis, reasonable collocation, and simple and effective proportioning greatly enhance the disease resistance of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis, effectively increase the yield, reduce the incidence of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis, and increase the content of saponins in Paris polyphylla var. chinensis, achieving two goals at once, and having strong operability.

[0023] The sheep manure and the fungus residue are used as the main base fertilizer raw materials in the organic fertilizer formula, which is specifically designed according to the growth characteristics of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis, and is better than the existing ordinary farmyard manure (such as human excrement and urine, cow dung, chicken manure or duck manure, etc.). The fungus residue can be used as a conditioner for sheep manure composting, and the sheep manure is subjected to aerobic composting, which is beneficial to the degradation of the sheep manure and further improves the fertility of the special fertilizer. The sheep manure is one of the livestock manure and urine with the highest nutrient content, has less water content, good air permeability, fine and dense manure, and rich fertilizer. These characteristics of the sheep manure are just what Paris polyphylla var. chinensis needs for the soil characteristics and fertility. The sheep manure contains 25.5% of organic matter, 1.63% of nitrogen, 1.54% of phosphorus, 0.85% of potassium, 11% of carbohydrates and 7% of fiber. The sheep manure has high contents of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and rich nutrients, which are easy to be absorbed and utilized by the root system of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis, and are particularly suitable for the requirements of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis for the fertilizer. Since Paris polyphylla var. chinensis has strict requirements for the soil type and the climate, it generally requires the soil with loose texture, strong water retention and water permeability. The above characteristics of the sheep manure are particularly suitable for use on sandy soil, so that the organic fertilizer is more applicable.

[0024] 6) Seedling period management: the seedlings are subjected to regular watering management and weed management. The first germination will occur in about November, and the second germination will occur in February of the next year (for details, refer to the attached Figure 4 and Figure 5 ). The seedling period management is characterized in that the seedlings need to be regularly watered and weeded to ensure the growth of the seedlings which like wet environment, improve the resistance to diseases, insects and weeds, and cultivate strong seedlings. The regular watering management mode is as follows: after transplanting, in May of each year, a part of the seedlings which are too dense, weak and have diseases and insect pests are appropriately removed from the planting land or the live broadcast land, and timely replanting is performed to ensure the number of seedlings per mu. When replanting, the seedlings are watered with rooting water to ensure the survival of the seedlings and sufficient seedling density. Before the seedlings emerge, the seedbed is required to be wet. After the seedlings emerge, as much as possible water is not poured before the first true leaf unfolds. After that, the soil is appropriately watered according to the nutrient soil. If the soil is not white, no water is poured. If water is poured, it should be poured thoroughly. The weed management mode is based on the principle of not damaging Paris polyphylla var. chinensis and underground root system. In June-September of each year, when the sunlight intensity is large, and in November of each year to March of the next year, no weeding is performed. In other months, the weeds which are lower than Paris polyphylla var. chinensis do not need to be removed, which can play a role of heat-removing and moisture-preserving microclimate, and is beneficial to the growth of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis. The weeds which are high can be cut at the stem, and the soil is not moved as much as possible to avoid damaging the root system of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis.

[0025] Example two

[0026] The embodiment and the embodiment one are basically same, the difference is that: the step 6) also includes the prevention and treatment of pests and diseases. According to the different degree of seedling affected by pests and diseases, it is divided into three prevention and treatment stages, the first stage is before the onset, the principle of bacteria to bacteria is adopted, the mixed biocontrol strain of trichoderma and bacillus is prepared, and it is sprayed every 30-45 days from March to July, and the concentration is controlled between 5×10^6 cfu / mL-8×10^6 cfu / mL; the second stage is the early stage of the onset, 1% ferrous sulfate solution or lime is applied in the disease hole for disinfection, or carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid is sprayed, once every 7 days, and sprayed for 2-3 times; the third stage is the middle and late stage, the diseased plants are removed in time, and the disease area is irrigated with copper sulfate 500 times liquid; the leaf blight can be prevented and treated by spraying 200 times bordeaux liquid.

[0027] Example three

[0028] The embodiment and the embodiment one are basically same, the difference is that: the seedbed in step 5) is selected differently, and an open-air seedbed can be selected. Because the planting soil of paris polyphylla requires to be loose, and the root system of paris polyphylla is shallow, grows slowly, and has less but longer roots, it is most ideal to select sandy soil of back shade slow slope or flat land with short sunshine. The land should be ploughed deeply in the first year of transplanting, which is beneficial to the growth of root system. In rainy season, the soil is easy to be compacted into blocks, which can easily lead to the growth of root system being hindered and breathing difficulty. At this time, drainage should be done in time to prevent waterlogging, and the soil should be ploughed frequently and lightly to ensure the permeability of the soil and the normal growth of the root system. The organic mulch is prepared by crushing, drying and disinfecting organic biological materials. The organic mulch can also be covered with a layer of bamboo powder and then a layer of pine needles. The thickness of the bamboo powder is controlled between 3-5 cm, and the mesh number of the bamboo powder is controlled between 60-80 meshes. The design of the bamboo powder combined with the pine needles can effectively inhibit the growth of weeds, further prevent the soil from being compacted, enhance the air permeability of the soil, and after fermentation and decomposition, the organic matter is decomposed into humus, which can effectively reduce the loss of nutrients with water and soil, increase the soil fertility, promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, and maintain the ecological balance of the soil.

[0029] Example four

[0030] The embodiment and the embodiment one are basically same, the difference is that: after the paris polyphylla seeds are left for standby in step 2), the paris polyphylla seeds need to be treated by breaking the seed coat. The paris polyphylla seeds are mixed with clean fine sand at a ratio of 2:1 to rub off the outer seed coat until the outer skin of the paris polyphylla seeds is white, and then the paris polyphylla seeds are washed. Then the paris polyphylla seeds with broken seed coat are soaked in carbendazim liquid (tap water at room temperature) for 15-20 hours, and the soaking can be done once. The treatment of breaking the seed coat can destroy the structure of the seed coat to some extent, increase the permeability, and promote the germination of the paris polyphylla seeds.

[0031] The above merely illustrates the specific embodiments of the present application, but the design concept of the present application is not limited thereto, and any non-essential modification of the present application using the concept shall be deemed as the infringement of the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for rapid seedling and strong seedling of Paris polyphylla, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: 1) Selection: in October-November every year, start picking mature Paris polyphylla capsule, get the fruit for use; 2) Pretreatment: first, remove the ovary outer wall and pulp of Paris polyphylla capsule, only leave Paris polyphylla seed for use, then, carry out seed coat breaking treatment, mix Paris polyphylla seed with clean fine sand at 2:1, rub to remove the outer seed coat until the outer skin of Paris polyphylla seed is white, then, wash it, then, soak Paris polyphylla seed with broken seed coat in carbendazim solution for 15-20 hours, once soaking is enough; 3) After-ripening and germination treatment: carry out variable temperature and constant humidity treatment on Paris polyphylla seed, the variable temperature and constant humidity treatment time is controlled in 112-128 days, the variable temperature and constant humidity treatment is divided into four stages, the first stage is low temperature and constant humidity treatment, the time is controlled in 28-32 days, the temperature is controlled in 0-5℃, the humidity is controlled in 18%-22%, the second stage is low temperature and constant humidity treatment, the time is controlled in 28-32 days, the temperature is controlled in 18-22℃, the humidity is controlled in 18%-22%, the third stage is low temperature and constant humidity treatment, the time is controlled in 28-32 days, the temperature is controlled in 0-5℃, the humidity is controlled in 18%-22%, the fourth stage is low temperature and constant humidity treatment, the time is controlled in 28-32 days, the temperature is controlled in 18-22℃, the humidity is controlled in 18%-22%; 4) Cultivate young root: mix Paris polyphylla seed treated by variable temperature and constant humidity with wet sand and sawdust mixture, put into seedling tray, place in cool place, continuously place for about 3 months to ensure Paris polyphylla seed germinate young root, and the humidity in the seedling tray is controlled in 48%-52%, the temperature is controlled in 8-12℃; 5) Sowing: renew the prepared seedbed, add prepared base fertilizer, sow; sow 90 jin seed per mu, sow evenly, do not adhere between seeds, cover the prepared organic mulch on the sowed seedbed, pour water, select sandy soil, the base fertilizer amount is 1500-2000 kg / mu, the base fertilizer is mixed by mainly organic fertilizer and supplemented by high potassium inorganic fertilizer, wherein, the organic fertilizer amount is 80%-75% of the total weight of base fertilizer; the inorganic fertilizer is N:P:K=10:12:22; the raw material of organic fertilizer is composed of 4-6 parts of trichoderma, 4-6 parts of bacillus subtilis, 48-55 parts of sheep manure, 38-45 parts of mushroom residue, 18-22 parts of straw crushed material, 3-8 parts of oyster shell powder, 8-10 parts of lactic acid bacteria and 18-20 parts of wood ash; the step of covering organic mulch is to cover a layer of bamboo powder first, then cover a layer of pine needles, the thickness of bamboo powder is controlled in 3-5 cm, the mesh number of bamboo powder is controlled between 60-80 meshes; 6) Seedling management: regularly water management and weed management for seedling; the regularly water management mode is: the seedbed requires wet before germination, try to water less before the first true leaf unfolds after germination, then water appropriately according to the nutrient soil, do not water if the soil is not white, if water, pour thoroughly;The herbicide management mode is based on the principle of not damaging Paris polyphylla and underground root system. From June to September every year and from November to March of the next year, no herbicide can be used. In other months, the grass shorter than Paris polyphylla does not need to be pulled, and the high grass stem can be cut off. The soil is not disturbed as much as possible to avoid damaging the root system of Paris polyphylla. The prevention and control of diseases and pests is divided into three prevention and control stages according to the different influence degrees of diseases and pests on seedlings. In the first pre-onset stage, the principle of controlling fungi with fungi is adopted, and the mixed biocontrol strain of 1:1 of Trichoderma and Bacillus is prepared, which is sprayed every 30d-45d from March to July, and the application concentration is controlled between 5×10^6 cfu / mL-8×10^6 cfu / mL. In the second early-onset stage, 1% ferrous sulfate solution or lime is applied in the diseased hole for disinfection, or 500 times of carbendazim wettable powder is sprayed, and sprayed once every 7 days, and sprayed for 2-3 times. In the third middle and late stage, the diseased plants are pulled out in time, and the disease area is irrigated with 500 times of copper sulfate solution. Leaf blight can be prevented and controlled by spraying 200 times of Bordeaux mixture.

2. The method for rapid seedling and strong seedling of Paris polyphylla according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the picking of the fruit of Paris polyphylla in the step 1), the fruit with the following characteristics is selected: the capsule is cracked, the fruit is ripe, the exotesta is dark red, there is slight odor, and there is no disease and no mildew.

Images