A long distance horizontal drilling geophysical prospecting device and method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of geophysical prospecting technology, in particular to a long-distance horizontal drilling geophysical prospecting device and method, and the following scheme is proposed, which comprises a metal protective pipe arranged along the length direction of the horizontal drilling, a flexible detection string arranged in the metal protective pipe, a pressurizing sealing device arranged at the opening of the horizontal drilling, and a geophysical prospecting collection host arranged on the ground. The present application does not need to occupy a large building area on the ground, and does not need the traditional complex and time-consuming coring process, thereby saving the cost and being a revolutionary technical innovation to the traditional drilling coring; a new construction device is created; rich basis is provided for geological condition exploration; the construction efficiency is improved, the time of the equipment in the hole is greatly reduced, the construction risk is reduced, and the construction cost is greatly reduced; and accurate basis is provided for underground engineering construction.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of geophysical prospecting, in particular to a long-distance horizontal drilling geophysical prospecting device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] According to the relevant requirements of article 7.3.3 of the "Code for Geotechnical Engineering Investigation of Urban Rail Transit", the exploration point spacing of medium complex site is 30-50m. Since the subway planning inevitably passes through the densely built-up area, the conventional ground shaft drilling and geophysical prospecting work cannot be carried out in this area, and the lack of ground shaft drilling and geophysical prospecting data cannot meet the relevant design requirements. In view of this problem, the existing solution is to use a horizontal hole to carry out horizontal drilling in this area, and to carry out rock exploration by coring instead of shaft drilling. However, if a broken zone is encountered, the core cannot be taken completely, and the horizontal hole coring can only grasp the stratum lithology data through which the drilling passes, and cannot grasp the geological structure around the drilling. If multiple horizontal holes are drilled at the same position, the cost is high and the construction efficiency is low. Moreover, the existing vertical drilling geophysical prospecting test equipment is placed at the bottom of the hole by gravity or auxiliary weight and then pulled up to complete the detection, which cannot be directly applied to long-distance horizontal holes. Moreover, long-distance horizontal holes are more prone to hole collapse due to stratum stress and other reasons, and the construction risk is high.

[0003] At present, the diameter of long-distance horizontal drilling is not greater than 20cm, and the hole depth can reach 2000m. The existing directional horizontal grouting uses a ground drilling machine to push a packer and a grouting pipe to a designated position. After grouting is completed, the pusher brings back the grouting pipe or directly cuts off the grouting pipe and leaves it in the hole. The packer and the grouting pipe are hard connected and can be directly installed on the push rod. The existing construction device and method have the problem that multiple flexible sensors cannot be sent to the bottom of the hole and completely separated. Complete separation is to ensure that the separation between the shock wave excitation device and each shock wave sensor is flexible connection. Only by ensuring flexible connection can the signal excited by the shock wave sensor be ensured to be collected by the shock wave sensor. The signal can only be received by the shock wave sensor through water or hole wall reflection. If the shock wave signal is not completely separated, it will be directly transmitted to each shock wave sensor through the push rod, so that the signals received by each sensor are basically the same, which leads to the fact that the data of the shock wave test cannot be used. The use of the present application can solve the problem that the conventional drilling and geophysical prospecting work cannot be carried out in the densely aggregated area in the subway planning.

[0004] Therefore, it is of great significance to design and implement a multi-geophysical parameter integrated hole exploration equipment containing shock wave, electrical method and magnetic method in urban rail transit and underground engineering construction. The present application is aimed at the technical problem that the flexible detection device cannot enter the bottom of the hole for measurement when the detection device needs soft connection for exploration. The test operation of shock wave excitation and reception cannot have hard connection between excitation and reception, and is applied to the scenario of kilometer-level distance horizontal directional hole. The flexible detection device cannot enter the bottom of the hole for measurement.

[0005] The application adopts a multi-geophysical integrated exploration device to test and analyze multi-geophysical parameters such as wave velocity and borehole peripheral resistivity of long-distance horizontal directional drilling, and can solve problems such as that conventional exploration and accurate exploration cannot be carried out in a densely built-up area in subway planning, and that a flexible detection device cannot enter the bottom of the hole and be completely separated, and therefore a long-distance horizontal drilling geophysical exploration device and a geophysical comprehensive exploration technical method are needed. SUMMARY

[0006] The long-distance horizontal drilling geophysical exploration device and method provided by the application solve the problems in the prior art.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0008] A long-distance horizontal drilling geophysical exploration device comprises:

[0009] A metal protective pipe is arranged along the length direction of the horizontal drilling.

[0010] A flexible detection string comprises a traction device, a seismic wave excitation device, a seismic wave sensor and an electrical method sensor which are connected in sequence by a special cable arranged inside the metal protective pipe, the metal protective pipe is connected with a pressurized sealing device near the opening of the horizontal drilling, and a shock isolation sheath is sleeved on the outer circle of the special cable.

[0011] A geophysical exploration collection host is used to control the traction device, the seismic wave excitation device and receive the detection signals of the flexible detection string.

[0012] An electrical method electrode comprises an electrical method reference electrode installed at the opening of the horizontal drilling and an infinite electrode arranged on one side of the electrical method reference electrode.

[0013] Preferably, the device further comprises:

[0014] Ground sensors are distributed in sequence on the ground and on one side of the opening of the horizontal drilling, and the ground sensors adopt at least one of the seismic wave sensor and the electrical method sensor.

[0015] A ground test cable is used to connect the ground sensors and the geophysical exploration collection host.

[0016] Preferably, the device further comprises:

[0017] A vertical hole detection device comprises a vertical hole test cable and a hole sensor, the vertical hole test cable connects the hole sensor with the geophysical exploration collection host, and the hole sensor adopts at least one of the seismic wave sensor and the electrical method sensor.

[0018] A long-distance horizontal drilling geophysical exploration device geophysical exploration method comprises the following steps:

[0019] S1, the metal protective pipe is arranged in the horizontal drilling, and water is injected into the formed horizontal directional hole.

[0020] S2 arranging the flexible detection string in the metal casing pipe and moving to the hole bottom of the horizontal borehole;

[0021] S3 withdrawing the metal casing pipe, so that the flexible detection string slides from the metal casing pipe in the naked hole of the horizontal borehole;

[0022] S4 carrying out the geophysical prospecting work.

[0023] Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:

[0024] S5 ground detection, collecting information of the ground sensor while carrying out the geophysical prospecting work in step S4.

[0025] Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:

[0026] S6 vertical hole drilling construction, carrying out the drilling construction of the vertical hole at the designated position;

[0027] S7 vertical hole detection, collecting information of the hole sensor in the vertical hole while detecting in step S5.

[0028] Preferably, in step S1, the metal casing pipe is arranged in the horizontal directional hole by using the hollow drill rod of the drilling machine, a 0.5-1m interval is reserved between the metal casing pipe and the hole bottom, and the diameter of the metal casing pipe is 20-30mm smaller than the diameter of the horizontal directional hole.

[0029] Preferably, in step S2, the flexible detection string is conveyed to the position to be detected in the horizontal borehole by using the traction device, and the pressurization and force increasing operation of the pressurized sealing device is combined during the conveying process.

[0030] Preferably, in step S2, the movement speed of the flexible detection string is less than 2m / min, and the pressure of the pressurized sealing device is 1-5MPa.

[0031] Preferably, in step S3, the pressurized sealing device is first removed, and then the metal casing pipe is withdrawn, the traction device is in an open state during the withdrawal of the metal casing pipe, and the traction device is closed after the withdrawal of the metal casing pipe is completed.

[0032] Preferably, in step S3, the withdrawal distance of the metal casing pipe is greater than 100m, or the metal casing pipe is completely withdrawn.

[0033] Preferably, in step S4, the geophysical prospecting work includes at least one of the following: transverse wave seismic wave excitation test, longitudinal wave seismic wave excitation test and in-hole electrical method test.

[0034] In the present application:

[0035] Under the joint action of the traction device and the pressurized sealing device, the flexible detection string of the shock wave electric method is sent into the bottom of the long distance horizontal directional drilling hole through the metal protection pipe with smooth inner wall, and the measurement of the geophysical related parameters in the hole and around the hole is completed during the retraction of the flexible detection string, the problem that the flexible detection device cannot enter the hole bottom in the dense and concentrated area of subway planning is solved;

[0036] The geological structure around the long distance drilling hole can be obtained through one measurement, the process of traditional complex and time-consuming coring is not needed, the cost is saved, and the traditional drilling and coring is a revolutionary technical innovation;

[0037] The combination of the traction device, the hole protection pipe and the pressurized sealing device solves the problem that the flexible sensor string cannot enter the hole bottom of the kilometer-level small-diameter long distance horizontal hole, and a new construction device is created;

[0038] Through the longitudinal and transverse wave seismic excitation mode, the wave velocity of the small-diameter drilling hole is accurately detected in multiple directions by combining multiple multi-component shock wave sensors, and rich basis is provided for geological condition exploration;

[0039] Shock wave electric method data can be obtained through one measurement, the construction efficiency is improved, the time of the equipment in the hole is greatly reduced, the construction risk is reduced, and the construction cost is greatly reduced;

[0040] Through the combined electric method exploration on the ground and in the hole, the resistivity around the long distance horizontal drilling hole can be detected, and accurate basis is provided for underground engineering construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 It is a structure schematic view of the geophysical prospecting device in the embodiment one of the present application;

[0042] Figure 2 It is a detection flowchart of the geophysical prospecting device in the embodiment one of the present application;

[0043] Figure 3 It is a structure schematic view of the geophysical prospecting device in the embodiment two of the present application;

[0044] Figure 4 It is a principle schematic view of the detection of the geophysical prospecting device in the embodiment two of the present application;

[0045] Figure 5 It is a structure schematic view of a group of vertical hole geophysical prospecting devices in the embodiment three of the present application;

[0046] Figure 6 It is a structure schematic view of two groups of vertical hole geophysical prospecting devices in the embodiment three of the present application;

[0047] Figure 7Structure diagram of the traction device in the fourth embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 8 Structure diagram of the traction device in the fourth embodiment of the present application.

[0049] In the figure: 1 metal protective pipe, 2 special cable, 3 traction device, 4 shock wave excitation device, 6 shock wave sensor, 7 electric method sensor, 8 pressure sealing device, 9 geophysical acquisition host, 10 electric method reference electrode, 11 infinite electrode, 12 ground sensor, 13 vertical hole, 14 vertical hole test cable, 15 hole sensor, 31 front end cover, 32 impeller, 33 impeller protective cover, 34 motor one, 35 middle connecting part, 36 motor two, 37 screw rod, 38 push rod, 39 pull rod, 310 blade, 311 end cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application.

[0051] Embodiment one

[0052] As shown in the figure: a long distance horizontal drilling geophysical prospecting device, comprising: Figure 1

[0053] The metal protective pipe 1 is arranged along the length direction of the horizontal drilling;

[0054] The flexible detection string comprises the traction device 3, the shock wave excitation device 4, the shock wave sensor 6 and the electric method sensor 7 which are connected in sequence by the special cable 2 and arranged inside the metal protective pipe 1, the metal protective pipe 1 is connected with the pressure sealing device 8 near the opening of the horizontal drilling, and the shock isolation sheath is sleeved on the outer ring of the special cable 2;

[0055] The geophysical acquisition host 9 is used for controlling the traction device, the shock wave excitation device and receiving the detection signals of the flexible detection string;

[0056] The electric method electrode comprises the electric method reference electrode 10 installed at the opening of the horizontal drilling and the infinite electrode 11 arranged on one side of the electric method reference electrode 10;

[0057] As shown in the figure: a long distance horizontal drilling geophysical prospecting device geophysical prospecting method, comprising the following steps: Figure 2

[0058] S1 arranging the metal protective pipe in the horizontal drilling, and injecting water in the horizontal directional hole which has been drilled;

[0059] S2 arranging the flexible detection string in the metal protective pipe and moving to the bottom of the horizontal drilling hole; ​​

[0060] S3 withdraws the metal protective pipe, and the flexible detection string slides from the metal protective pipe into the naked hole of the horizontal borehole;

[0061] S4 performs the geophysical prospecting work.

[0062] Further, in step S1, the horizontal directional hole comprises an inclined hole downward along the ground and a horizontal hole opened at the end of the inclined hole; at this time, a section of inclined hole with a certain length is first drilled from the ground to the ground below, and the inclined hole is thus connected to the stratum 76 m below the ground, and then a horizontal hole with a length of 1000 m is drilled at the bottom of the inclined hole, thus forming a horizontal directional hole with a length of 1000 m at the stratum 76 m below the ground; the diameter of the horizontal directional hole is not greater than 15 cm.

[0063] Further, in step S2, the entire hole is first arranged with the metal protective pipe 1 by using the hollow drill rod of the drilling machine, and the installation length is not less than 1 m from the bottom of the hole; the diameter of the metal protective pipe 1 is 20-30 mm smaller than the diameter of the hole; the diameter of the metal protective pipe 1 is 12 cm; the flexible detection string is placed into the hole along the inner wall of the metal protective pipe 1 and connected to the geophysical prospecting collection host 9; then the flexible detection string is conveyed to the position to be detected in the horizontal borehole by using the traction device 3, and the pressurizing and sealing device 8 is used to increase the force during the conveying process.

[0064] At this time, the movement speed of the flexible detection string is less than 2 m / min; the pressurizing and sealing device installed on the metal protective pipe 1 at the hole mouth is connected to the water with pressure at the interface of the pressurizing and sealing device, thereby increasing the pressure of the water in the hole; the water pressure adjustment range is 1-5 MPa, and the water pressure is adjusted to 0.6 MPa; the water pressure is reasonably adjusted according to the movement speed of the flexible detection string; the reaction force of the water pressure between the inside of the protective pipe and the outside of the protective pipe and the gap between the hole wall is used to increase the force of the flexible detection string moving to the bottom of the hole; and the flexible detection string is moved to the bottom of the hole by the combined force of the reaction force of the water pressure of the metal protective pipe 1 and the traction device 3.

[0065] Further, in step S3, the pressurizing and sealing device is first removed, and the metal protective pipe 1 is withdrawn; the metal protective pipe 1 is withdrawn, and the traction device motor is in an open state when the metal protective pipe is withdrawn; and the traction device motor is turned off after the metal protective pipe is withdrawn.

[0066] Further, in step S4, the flexible detection string is connected to the acquisition host 9 to perform in-hole electrical method transmission and reception testing. At this time, the electrical method sensor 7 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the metal casing pipe 1. The data of the electrical method sensor 7 is used to determine whether the flexible detection string has fallen into the horizontal borehole. The potential value of the electrical method sensor 7 in the flexible detection string is measured. If the flexible detection string is not completely separated from the metal casing pipe 1 during the retraction of the metal casing pipe 1 in the borehole, the potential values of two or more electrical method electrodes are equal. After each electrode is tested to fall into the horizontal borehole, all the metal casing pipes 1 are completely withdrawn, thereby ensuring that the flexible detection string remains in the borehole. If the drilling conditions are not good and the borehole is prone to collapse, the metal casing pipe 1 can be withdrawn in sections under the condition of ensuring the safety of the borehole wall.

[0067] Further, the number of the seismic wave sensors 6 is eight three-component seismic wave sensors. The spacing between the seismic wave sensors 6 is 0.2m~1m. There is a shock isolation sleeve between the seismic wave excitation device 4 and the seismic wave sensor 6. The number of the electrical method sensors 7 is eight, and the spacing is 0.8~30m. The electrical method sensor 7 close to the borehole is the electrical method sensor 7. The installation length of the entire electrical method sensor 7 is 50m. The seismic wave sensor can be integrated with the electrical method sensor. The metal shell of the seismic wave sensor is used as the electrical method sensor. The seismic wave sensor and the electrical method sensor can also be separated.

[0068] Further, in step S4, the seismic wave excitation device 4 is first controlled to perform a transverse wave seismic wave excitation test to collect the signals of the eight three-component seismic wave sensors 6. Then, a longitudinal wave seismic wave excitation test is performed to collect the signals of the eight three-component seismic wave sensors 6.

[0069] Further, in step S4, after the transverse wave seismic wave excitation test and the longitudinal wave seismic wave excitation test are completed, an in-hole electrical method test is performed to collect the signals of the eight electrical method sensors 7 in the borehole. All the seismic and electrical method data of the test point are saved. The test time of a single test point is about 30s.

[0070] Further, in step S4, the borehole flexible detection string cable is pulled to make the flexible detection string retract by 1m. The second test point is collected. The cycle test is performed along the length direction of the horizontal borehole. The cycle test adopts steps S3, the transverse wave seismic wave excitation test, the longitudinal wave seismic wave excitation test, and the in-hole electrical method test.

[0071] Further, the electrical method reference electrode 10 is installed at the borehole position. The infinite electrode 11 is installed at the position 1000m away from the borehole in the opposite direction.

[0072] Under the joint action of the traction device and the pressurized sealing device, the flexible seismic and electrical method flexible detection string is sent to the bottom of the long-distance horizontal directional borehole through the smooth inner wall of the metal casing pipe. The measurement of the related parameters in the borehole and around the borehole is completed during the retraction of the flexible detection string. The problem that the dense and concentrated area in the subway planning cannot be accurately explored and the flexible detection device cannot enter the borehole bottom is solved.

[0073] The geological structure of the long distance borehole periphery can be obtained by one measurement, without the traditional complex and time-consuming coring process, thereby saving cost and being a revolutionary technical innovation for traditional drilling and coring;

[0074] The combination of the traction device, the in-hole protection tube and the pressurized sealing device solves the problem that the flexible sensor string cannot enter a kilometer-level small-diameter long distance horizontal hole bottom, and creates a new construction device;

[0075] Through the longitudinal and transverse wave seismic excitation mode, combined with multiple multi-component seismic wave sensors, the wave velocity of the small-diameter borehole is accurately detected in multiple directions, providing rich basis for geological condition exploration;

[0076] The seismic electric method data can be obtained by one measurement, improving the construction efficiency, greatly reducing the time of the equipment in the hole, reducing the construction risk, and greatly reducing the construction cost.

[0077] Embodiment two

[0078] As shown in Figures 3-4 : a long distance horizontal borehole geophysical prospecting device, comprising:

[0079] A metal protection tube 1 is arranged along the length direction of the horizontal borehole;

[0080] A flexible detection string includes a traction device 3, a seismic wave excitation device 4, a seismic wave sensor 6 and an electric method sensor 7 connected in sequence through a special cable 2 arranged inside the metal protection tube 1, the metal protection tube 1 is connected with a pressurized sealing device 8 near the opening of the horizontal borehole, and a shock isolation sheath is sleeved on the outer circle of the special cable 2 between the seismic wave excitation device and each seismic wave sensor;

[0081] A geophysical prospecting collection host 9 is used for receiving the detection signals of the flexible detection string and other geophysical prospecting sensors and controlling the traction device and the seismic wave excitation device;

[0082] An electric method electrode includes an electric method reference electrode 10 installed at the opening of the horizontal borehole and an infinite electrode 11 arranged on one side of the electric method reference electrode 10;

[0083] A ground sensor 12 is distributed in sequence on the ground and on one side of the opening of the horizontal borehole, and the ground sensor 12 adopts at least one of a seismic wave sensor and an electric method sensor;

[0084] A ground test cable is used for connecting the ground sensor 12 and the geophysical prospecting collection host 9.

[0085] First, according to the survey requirements and the site construction conditions, the appropriate opening position is selected and the long distance horizontal directional drilling construction is carried out; after reaching the survey depth and the designed final hole position, the flexible detection string with the electric method sensor 7 and the seismic wave sensor 6 is pushed to the specified position through the traction device 3, and the sensor on the flexible detection string is confirmed to have been sent out of the drill rod and fallen into the uncased hole through the reference electrode 11, so as to achieve the purpose of the contact coupling of the test sensor and the uncased hole surrounding rock;

[0086] According to the survey depth, the accuracy requirements, and in combination with the actual situation on site, the ground surface sensors 12 with a certain electrode spacing are laid on the ground surface, wherein the selection of the ground surface sensor 12 spacing should be reasonably given according to the detection accuracy, and generally the 1 / 2 of the minimum electrode spacing can meet the size of the target body to be measured, and the 1 / 2 of the length of the measurement line can meet the detection depth of the target area to be measured. According to the above basis, the ground surface sensors 12 and the ground surface test cables are reasonably laid to meet the on-site detection requirements;

[0087] The laid ground surface test cables are correctly connected with the geophysical acquisition host 9 and the contact condition test of the electric method sensor 7 is carried out; wherein the electric method sensor 7 in the horizontal hole should ensure the coupling of the sent-out drill rod and the uncased hole surrounding rock, and the ground surface sensor 12 should ensure good contact with the ground. If the grounding resistance of an individual ground surface sensor 12 is large, the grounding resistance can be reduced by watering at the position of the ground surface sensor 12 to improve the coupling condition of the ground surface sensor 12 with the ground and ensure the effectiveness of the test data;

[0088] After the horizontal hole and the ground surface test cable are laid and the sensor detection is normal, the special cable 2 and the ground surface test cable are connected with the control host of the geophysical acquisition host 9 and the related data collection is carried out; the data collection is carried out in measurement points, and the size of the spacing between adjacent measurement points is determined according to the survey requirements and the actual situation; when the data collection of the first measurement point is carried out, the horizontal seismic wave excitation is carried out first by controlling the seismic wave excitation device 4, the seismic signals of the three-component seismic wave sensor 6 in the hole are collected, and then the vertical seismic wave excitation is carried out, the seismic signals of the three-component seismic wave sensor 6 in the hole are also collected. At the same time, the emission and reception of the in-hole and ground surface sensors 12 can be carried out through the control of the data acquisition control host to carry out the joint collection between the in-hole and ground surface sensors, so as to complete the rapid collection of the three-dimensional electric method data body between the hole and the ground. When the data collection of the second measurement point is carried out, the hole test cable is pulled back to the position of the measurement point to be measured, and the above data collection sequence is repeated to complete the data collection of the second measurement point, and the same is true for the subsequent measurement points until the in-hole test data and the joint data of the hole and the ground are collected.

[0089] The specific electrical borehole combined data acquisition test mode can supply power in various modes such as borehole point power supply, borehole dipole power supply, ground point power supply, ground dipole power supply or borehole-ground combined power supply, and can flexibly control the power supply mode;

[0090] For the above data acquisition mode, single construction can not only obtain seismic wave logging data and resistivity logging data, but also obtain the recording and acquisition of three-dimensional electrical data body between the borehole and the ground. In addition, through the point-by-point moving measurement mode, multiple coverage stacking of seismic and electrical data can be ensured, which greatly improves the quantity and accuracy of data acquisition, and lays a solid data foundation for the accuracy and reliability of test results;

[0091] The collected data are classified and arranged. For the test data in the borehole, the mapping processing of the full-hole logging data mainly includes seismic wave logging curves and resistivity logging curves. For the three-dimensional electrical data body acquired by the borehole-ground combined acquisition, firstly, the distortion values are removed by decoding the power supply current values and the generated potential values measured by the test system. The power supply data of different devices are extracted according to the point power supply, dipole power supply or borehole-ground combined power supply mode, so as to calculate the apparent resistivity data under the corresponding device conditions, and the data are exported in the required data format. Secondly, the exploration area between the borehole and the ground is divided into a plurality of grid units by establishing a suitable spatial coordinate system. The grid division can adopt rectangular or square grid mode, and the calculation accuracy and the actual conditions of the site need to be considered. Thirdly, the three-dimensional data body between the borehole and the ground is calculated by the corresponding software, and finally the three-dimensional inversion resistivity values of each grid unit in the exploration area between the borehole and the ground are obtained.

[0092] For the above three-dimensional data body acquired by the borehole-ground combined acquisition, the data amount is large and contains data of different devices. For the single-point power supply mode, the electrical data of two-pole and three-pole devices can be decoded. For the dipole power supply mode, the data of various four-pole devices can be decoded. The acquisition of such a large amount of data greatly improves the detection accuracy and the degree of freedom of data processing mode.

[0093] The inversion resistivity values obtained by using the corresponding software can be used to extract the resistivity slices of the target layer for drawing two-dimensional profile maps, or can be used to display and express the three-dimensional spatial imaging of the inversion three-dimensional data body, so as to more intuitively outline and depict the spatial trend and distribution form of the abnormal target body in the exploration area. Therefore, compared with the "one-hole view", "point-like exploration" and the characteristics of low construction efficiency and time-consuming and laborious of the traditional ground vertical borehole exploration, the observation system and test method have absolute advantages.

[0094] In view of the hole, the data body and the mapping results obtained by joint detection can be combined with relevant data to evaluate the geological conditions and abnormal bodies in the survey area; generally, more than 2-3 times the normal surrounding rock resistivity can be regarded as a high-resistance abnormal area, and less than 2-3 times the normal surrounding rock resistivity can be regarded as a low-resistance abnormal area; the high and low resistance abnormal areas are judged, analyzed and interpreted according to the detection target, and the rock structure and structural characteristics are semi-quantitatively evaluated according to the size of the abnormal value difference;

[0095] Example three

[0096] As shown in Figures 5-6 : a long-distance horizontal drilling geophysical device, comprising:

[0097] A metal protective pipe 1 is arranged along the length direction of the horizontal drilling;

[0098] A flexible detection string includes a traction device 3, a seismic wave excitation device 4, a seismic wave sensor 6 and an electrical method sensor 7 connected in sequence through a special cable 2 arranged inside the metal protective pipe 1, and the metal protective pipe 1 is connected with a pressurized sealing device 8 near the opening of the horizontal drilling, and a shock isolation sheath is sleeved on the outer circle of the special cable 2;

[0099] A geophysical acquisition host 9 is used to receive the detection signals of the flexible detection string and other geophysical sensors and control the traction and seismic wave excitation device;

[0100] An electrical method electrode includes an electrical method reference electrode 10 installed at the opening of the horizontal drilling and an infinite electrode 11 arranged on one side of the electrical method reference electrode 10;

[0101] A vertical hole detection device includes a vertical hole test cable 14 and a hole sensor 15 connected in sequence with the vertical hole test cable 14, the vertical hole test cable 14 is connected with the geophysical acquisition host 9, and the hole sensor 15 adopts at least one of a seismic wave sensor and an electrical method sensor;

[0102] A ground seismic source is arranged on the ground and distributed in sequence along the length direction of the horizontal drilling.

[0103] According to the survey requirements and the site construction conditions, the appropriate opening position is selected and the long-distance horizontal directional drilling is constructed; after reaching the survey depth and the designed final hole position, the test cable with the electrical method sensor 7 and the seismic wave sensor 6 is moved to the specified position through the traction device 3, and the potential of each electrical method sensor 7 in the flexible detection string is confirmed that the sensors on the test cable have all slid out of the drill rod and fallen into the bare hole, so as to achieve the purpose of contact coupling of the test sensors and the bare hole surrounding rock;

[0104] The individual vertical hole 13 can also be supplemented at the position where the vertical hole 13 can be constructed locally along the railway survey line, and the corresponding depth is constructed according to the survey requirement, and the vertical hole test cable 14 is placed in the hole, and the interval of the hole sensor 15 on the vertical hole test cable 14 is designed according to the detection accuracy, and the lower sending of the test cable can be completed by the weight of the cable or a certain counterweight;

[0105] According to the survey depth, the accuracy requirement, and in combination with the actual situation on site, a series of ground seismic sources are designed on the ground; at the same time, the special cable and the vertical hole test cable 14 laid in the above long distance horizontal hole (or vertical hole 13) are correctly connected with the data acquisition host, and the contact condition test of the hole sensor 15 is carried out; the horizontal hole seismic wave sensor 6 should be ensured to be pushed out of the drill rod and coupled with the surrounding rock of the bare hole, and the vertical hole should be ensured to be in the water-filled state, so that the hole sensor 15 on the test cable is well coupled with the surrounding rock in the hole, and the effectiveness of the test data is ensured.

[0106] After the hole (horizontal hole and vertical hole 13) cable laying is completed and the sensor detection is normal, the cable in the hole is connected with the data acquisition control host and the data acquisition is carried out; the data acquisition is carried out in the measuring point, and the size of the interval between the adjacent measuring points is determined according to the survey requirement and the actual situation; when the data acquisition of the first measuring point is carried out, the device for controlling the seismic data acquisition first carries out the transverse seismic wave excitation, collects the seismic signals of the three-component seismic wave sensor 6 in the hole, and then carries out the longitudinal seismic wave excitation, and also collects the seismic signals of the three-component seismic wave sensor 6 in the hole. At the same time, the seismic source excitation is carried out through the ground seismic source designed in advance on the ground, and the seismic data acquisition is carried out by the hole sensor 15 in the hole, so as to complete the joint acquisition of the seismic data of the hole excitation and hole reception and the ground excitation and hole reception; when the data acquisition of the second measuring point is carried out, the hole test cable is pulled back to the position to be measured, and the above data acquisition sequence is repeated to complete the data acquisition of the second measuring point, and the same is true for the subsequent measuring points until the acquisition of the whole horizontal hole test data and the hole-ground joint data is completed.

[0107] For the above data acquisition method, single construction can not only obtain the logging data of seismic wave and the logging data of resistivity, but also can obtain the recording and acquisition of the seismic data body between the hole and the ground. In addition, through the point-by-point moving measurement method, the multiple coverage superposition of seismic and electrical data can be ensured, which greatly improves the quantity and accuracy of data acquisition, and lays a solid data foundation for the accuracy and reliability of test results;

[0108] In addition to the acquisition of the seismic data of the hole excitation and hole reception and the ground excitation and hole reception, the seismic data between the adjacent two vertical drill holes can also be acquired, so as to realize the combined acquisition of multiple mode data, and thus realize the fusion processing, interpretation analysis and display expression of the data in the multi-observation system mode;

[0109] The collected data is classified and arranged, and the test data in the hole is processed into a well logging data graph, including seismic wave logging curves and resistivity logging curves; the seismic data obtained by ground excitation and hole reception can be processed into a seismic profile;

[0110] In addition to the data processing and graphing of hole excitation and hole reception, ground excitation and hole reception, the seismic data processing and graphing between two vertical drill holes can also be performed;

[0111] The data obtained by joint detection between holes (or multiple vertical holes 13+horizontal holes) and the mapping results can be combined with related information to evaluate the geological conditions and abnormal bodies in the survey area. Generally, more than 2-3 times the normal surrounding rock speed is considered a high-speed abnormal area, and less than 2-3 times the normal surrounding rock speed is considered a low-speed abnormal area. The high-speed and low-speed abnormal areas are judged, analyzed and interpreted according to the detection target, and the rock structure and structural characteristics are semi-quantitatively evaluated according to the size of the abnormal value difference;

[0112] Example Four

[0113] As shown in Figures 7-8 : the traction device 3 includes a cylindrical structure shell for bearing, a motor one 34 arranged inside the front end of the shell, an impeller 32 arranged outside the front end of the shell and connected with the motor one 34, a motor two 36 arranged inside the rear end of the shell, a strutting mechanism arranged outside the shell, and a support structure arranged inside the shell and connected with the motor two 36, and the support structure is connected with the strutting mechanism;

[0114] The shell includes an impeller protective cover 33, a front end cover 31, an intermediate connecting part 35 and a terminal cover 311 connected in sequence, the motor one 34 is connected with the front end cover 31, and the output end of the motor one 34 extends out of the front end of the front end cover 31 and is connected with the impeller 32, the intermediate connecting part 35 penetrates an extension passage for the support mechanism to extend out, the extension passage is fixedly connected with a connecting seat hinged with the strutting mechanism, the support mechanism extends out of the extension passage and is hinged with the strutting mechanism, and the motor two 36 is fixedly connected with the intermediate connecting part 35;

[0115] The support mechanism includes a screw rod 37 fixedly connected with the motor two 36, a sliding block threadedly sleeved on the outer circle of the screw rod 37, and a push rod 38 hinged on the outer side of the sliding block and arranged along the axis of the screw rod 37, one end of the push rod 38 extending out of the extension passage is hinged with the strutting mechanism;

[0116] The strutting mechanism includes a pull rod 39 hinged with the connecting seat and a blade 310 fixedly connected to the other end of the pull rod 39, and the pull rod 39 is hinged with the push rod 38, and the terminal cover 311 is connected with the special cable 2;

[0117] When the flexible detection string is close to the hole bottom under the action of the traction device 3, the motor one 34 is in the open state, the traction device 3 is located in front of the shock wave excitation device, the rotating impeller 32 plays a role similar to turbocharging, providing power and increasing the traction of the traction device 3, providing a force parallel to the metal protective pipe 1 axis to the flexible detection string;

[0118] When the pressurized sealing device 8 is connected to the pressure water at the rear end, the pressure of the water in the hole of the metal protective pipe 1 is increased, the motor two 36 is rotated in the forward direction to make the support structure move to the open state; when the support structure is open, the cross-sectional area is increased, the water pressure acts on the cross section of the traction device 3 and the flexible detection string, and the difference in the reaction force between the high-pressure water in the metal protective pipe 1 and the low-pressure water in the gap between the pipe and the hole wall is used to increase the force of the flexible detection string moving towards the hole bottom;

[0119] When the metal protective pipe 1 is withdrawn, the motor one 34 is in the open state, and the support structure is in the open state, the impeller 32 plays a role of providing resistance and increasing resistance to prevent the flexible detection string from being withdrawn with the metal protective pipe 1, ensuring that the connection cables are in a straight state during the withdrawal of the metal protective pipe 1, rather than in a relaxed state, so that the positions of the sensors in the flexible detection string are relatively fixed, and the positions of the measurement points are accurately determined;

[0120] When the flexible detection string moves away from the hole bottom and moves towards the ground at the opening of the metal protective pipe 1, the motor one 34 is closed, and the motor two 36 is reversed to fold the support structure for the withdrawal of the flexible detection string;

[0121] The shock wave excitation device 4 includes a cylindrical shell one for bearing, and the shell one is connected with the special cable 2, the inside of the shell one has a transverse excitation module and a vertical excitation module;

[0122] The pressurized sealing device 8 includes a ring-shaped detachable clamp arranged at the opening of the horizontal borehole, the inside of the clamp is provided with two groups of semi-circular shell structures arranged oppositely, the bottom shell is provided with a water inlet pipe, and the outer circles of the two groups of shell structures close to the metal protective pipe 1 are provided with external threads for threadedly sleeving the metal protective pipe 1;

[0123] The geophysical prospecting acquisition host 9 includes a control box, the inside of the control box is provided with a high-speed signal acquisition board, a transmission control board, a shock wave excitation and traction device control board, a battery and the like, one side of the control box is provided with a data interface for data interaction, a sensor string interface and a power switch.

[0124] Example five

[0125] The special cable 2 comprises a cable inner sheath, a plurality of core wires arranged in the inner circle of the cable inner sheath, a cable outer sheath arranged in the outer circle of the cable inner sheath, and silicon oil filled between the cable inner sheath and the cable outer sheath, a shock isolation sheath arranged outside the outer circle of the cable outer sheath, and distance marks reserved on the surface of the special cable 2 and distributed along the length direction of the special cable 2, the distance marks being spaced apart by 0.5M, and the shock isolation sheath being arranged between the traction device 3 and the shock wave excitation device 4, between the shock wave excitation device 4 and the shock wave sensor 6, and between adjacent shock wave sensors 6.

[0126] The design, under the joint action of the traction device 3 and the pressurized sealing device, sends the flexibly connected shock wave electrical method flexible detection string through the metal protection pipe 1 with smooth inner wall to the bottom of the long distance horizontal directional drilling hole, and completes the measurement of the related parameters in and around the hole during the retraction of the flexible detection string, solves the problem that the dense and concentrated area in the subway planning cannot be accurately explored, and the flexible detection device cannot enter the hole bottom.

[0127] The geological structure around the long distance drilling hole can be obtained through one measurement, without the traditional complex and time-consuming coring process, thereby saving the cost and revolutionizing the traditional drilling and coring technology;

[0128] The combination of the traction device 3, the hole inner protection pipe and the pressurized sealing device 8 solves the problem that the flexible sensor string cannot enter the hole bottom of the kilometer-level small-diameter long distance horizontal hole, and creates a new construction device;

[0129] Through the longitudinal and transverse wave seismic excitation mode, the small-diameter drilling hole wave velocity is accurately detected in multiple directions by the multiple-component shock wave sensor 6, thereby providing rich basis for geological condition exploration;

[0130] The shock wave electrical method data can be obtained through one measurement, thereby improving the construction efficiency, greatly reducing the time of the equipment in the hole, reducing the construction risk, and greatly reducing the construction cost;

[0131] Through the combined electrical method exploration on the ground and in the hole, the resistivity around the long distance horizontal drilling hole can be detected, thereby providing accurate basis for underground engineering construction.

[0132] The horizontal long distance drilling technology can carry out effective drilling exploration work in the building dense area, and the application expands the exploration range of the horizontal long distance drilling on the basis of the drilling exploration technology, obtains more geophysical parameter information of the stratum, and provides more geological information for the basic engineering construction such as rail transit.

[0133] The present application solves the problem that the flexible detection string cannot enter the bottom of the long distance horizontal directional drilling hole by the cooperation of the traction device and the pressurized sealing device, and the related parameters in the hole and around the hole are measured during the retraction of the flexible detection string, so that the problem that the flexible detection device cannot enter the bottom of the hole in the precise exploration of the dense and concentrated area in the subway planning is solved.

[0134] The geological structure around the long distance drilling hole can be obtained by one measurement, without the traditional complex and time-consuming coring process, so that the cost is saved, and the traditional drilling and coring is a revolutionary technical innovation.

[0135] The combination of the traction device, the in-hole protection pipe and the pressurized sealing device solves the problem that the flexible sensor string cannot enter the bottom of the long distance horizontal hole with a small diameter, and a new construction device is created.

[0136] Through the longitudinal and transverse wave seismic excitation mode, the wave velocity of the small diameter drilling hole is accurately detected in multiple directions by combining multiple multi-component seismic sensors, so as to provide rich basis for geological condition exploration.

[0137] The seismic wave electric method data can be obtained by one measurement, the construction efficiency is improved, the time of the equipment in the hole is greatly reduced, the construction risk is reduced, and the construction cost is greatly reduced.

[0138] Through the combined electric method exploration on the ground and in the hole, the resistivity around the long distance horizontal drilling hole can be detected, so as to provide accurate basis for underground engineering construction.

[0139] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “transverse”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “upper”, “lower”, “front”, “rear”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inner”, “outer”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise” are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements indicated must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0140] In addition, the terms “first” and “second” are only for description purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features limited by “first” and “second” can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of “multiple” is two or more, unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0141] The above merely describes preferred specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present application, makes equivalent replacement or change within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A long-distance horizontal borehole geophysical exploration method, characterized in that, include: The system includes a metal casing arranged along the length of the horizontal borehole, a flexible detection string installed inside the metal casing, a pressure sealing device installed near the opening of the horizontal borehole in the metal casing, and a geophysical acquisition host installed on the ground. The flexible detection string includes a traction device, a seismic wave excitation device, a seismic wave sensor, and an electrical resistivity sensor installed inside the metal casing and connected in sequence by a dedicated cable, as well as a vibration isolation sheath fitted around the outer ring of the dedicated cable. Its geophysical exploration method is as follows: S1 places the metal casing inside the horizontal borehole; In the already formed horizontal directional hole, a metal casing is placed in the horizontal directional hole using the hollow drill rod of the drilling rig. A gap of 0.5-1m is reserved between the metal casing and the bottom of the hole, and the diameter of the metal casing is 20-30mm smaller than the diameter of the horizontal directional hole. S2 arranges the flexible detection string inside the metal casing and moves it to the bottom of the horizontally drilled hole; S3 retracts the metal casing, causing the flexible detection string to slide from the metal casing into the open hole of the horizontal drill. First, remove the pressure sealing device and retract the metal protective tube. When retracting the metal protective tube, the traction device motor 1 is in the open state and the support structure is in the open state. After the metal protective tube is retracted, the traction device motor 1 is turned off and the motor 2 reverses to open the device and close it. S4 is conducting geophysical exploration.

2. The long-distance horizontal borehole geophysical exploration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes ground detection devices formed by connecting ground test cables and ground sensors.

3. The long-distance horizontal borehole geophysical exploration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Its features are, It also includes a vertical hole detection device formed by connecting a vertical hole test cable and a sensor in the hole.

4. The long-distance horizontal borehole geophysical exploration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, water is injected into the already formed horizontal directional hole.

5. The long-distance horizontal borehole geophysical exploration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the flexible detection string is transported to the horizontal borehole to be tested using a traction device, and the pressure and force are increased by the pressure sealing device during the transport process.

6. The long-distance horizontal borehole geophysical exploration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the metal protective pipe is withdrawn at a distance greater than 100m, or all the metal protective pipes are withdrawn.

7. The long-distance horizontal borehole geophysical exploration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the geophysical work includes at least one of seismic wave testing and electrical resistivity testing.

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