Change of tracking area code for wireless networks

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices are described for wireless communication. In some non-terrestrial networks, movement of satellites can cause movement of cell coverage. User equipment (UE) can experience a change in cell coverage due to movement of cell coverage even if the UE is stationary. A UE can be configured to determine that a cell is serving two or more earth fixed tracking areas, determine whether to monitor paging resources of a first earth fixed tracking area or paging resources of a second earth fixed tracking area, and monitor the selected paging resources. In some aspects, a UE can determine that a cell serves two or more earth fixed tracking areas based on a received control message including multiple tracking area indicators. In some aspects, a UE can determine which paging resources to monitor based on a geographic location of the UE.

Description

[0001] Cross-referencing

[0002] This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 007,346, filed April 8, 2020, entitled "CHANGE OF TRACKING AREA CODE FOR WIRELESS NETWORKS", and U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 222,650, filed April 5, 2021, entitled "CHANGE OF TRACKING AREA CODE FOR WIRELESS NETWORKS", each of which is assigned to the assignee of this application. Technical Field

[0003] The following text generally refers to wireless communication, and in particular to changes in the Tracking Area Code (TAC) of wireless networks. Background Technology

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, message sending and receiving, broadcasting, and so on. These systems can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth-generation (4G) systems (such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-A Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth-generation (5G) systems, which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems can employ various technologies, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), or Discrete Fourier Transform Extended Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations or one or more network access nodes, each of which simultaneously supports communication from multiple communication devices, which may also be referred to as User Equipment (UE).

[0005] Some wireless communication systems may include one or more non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). In such NTNs, continuous movement of satellites may cause continuous movement of cellular coverage. Even if the UE is stationary, it may experience constant changes in cellular coverage due to continuous movement of cellular coverage (e.g., handover between cells).

[0006] Overview

[0007] The described technology relates to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses for supporting changes to Tracking Area Codes (TACs) for non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). Typically, the described technology enables a UE to determine two or more fixed earth tracking areas (e.g., terrestrial tracking areas) serving a cellular network of an NTN, and enables the UE to select and monitor paging resources associated with at least one terrestrial tracking area serving that cellular network.

[0008] A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) is described. The method may include: receiving system information including indications regarding the association of a first cell of an NTN with a first tracking area indicator and a second tracking area indicator; determining, based on the system information, that the first cell serves a first fixed earth tracking area associated with the first tracking area indicator and a second fixed earth tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator; and monitoring paging resources associated with the first fixed earth tracking area based on the determination that the first cell serves the first fixed earth tracking area and the second fixed earth tracking area.

[0009] An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. These instructions are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive system information including indications regarding a first cell of an NTN associated with a first tracking area indicator and a second tracking area indicator; determine, based on the system information, that the first cell serves a first fixed earth tracking area associated with the first tracking area indicator and a second fixed earth tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator; and monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed earth tracking area based on the determination that the first cell serves the first fixed earth tracking area and the second fixed earth tracking area.

[0010] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include: means for receiving system information including indications regarding the association of a first cell of an NTN with a first tracking area indicator and a second tracking area indicator; means for determining, based on the system information, a first fixed tracking area associated with the first tracking area indicator and a second fixed tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator; and means for monitoring paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area based on the determination that the first cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area.

[0011] A non-transient computer-readable medium is described, storing code for wireless communication at a UE. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: receive system information including an indication that a first cell of an NTN is associated with a first tracking area indicator and a second tracking area indicator; determine, based on the system information, that the first cell serves a first fixed earth tracking area associated with the first tracking area indicator and a second fixed earth tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator; and monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed earth tracking area based on the determination that the first cell serves the first fixed earth tracking area and the second fixed earth tracking area.

[0012] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means or instructions for: determining the ground location of the UE; and determining, based on the determination of the ground location of the UE, that the UE may be located within the first fixed earth tracking area, wherein monitoring the paging resources associated with the first fixed earth tracking area may be based on the determination that the UE may be located within the first fixed earth tracking area.

[0013] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means or instructions for determining that the UE is associated with the first fixed tracking area before the first cellular service serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area, wherein monitoring the paging resource associated with the first fixed tracking area may be based on determining that the UE is associated with the first fixed tracking area.

[0014] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, one of the first tracking region indicator or the second tracking region indicator includes a temporary tracking region indicator or a shorter validity indicator.

[0015] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means or instructions for determining a paging message for the first fixed Earth tracking area based on whether the first fixed Earth tracking area includes the temporary tracking area indicator, wherein the paging resource monitoring the first fixed Earth tracking area may be based on determining the paging message.

[0016] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and nontransient computer-readable media described herein, the second fixed Earth tracking area includes a temporary tracking area indicator, and the methods, apparatus (devices) and nontransient computer-readable media may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for identifying an validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator that is less than or equal to a threshold validity period, wherein monitoring of the paging resource associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area is based on the validity period being less than or equal to the threshold validity period.

[0017] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means or instructions for receiving, via system information, instructions regarding boundary information of a fixed Earth tracking area associated with the temporary tracking area indicator, wherein monitoring of the paging resource associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area may be based on the boundary information.

[0018] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means or instructions for receiving a Master Information Block (MIB) message that includes one or more fields associated with a temporary tracking area indicator, wherein the one or more fields indicate whether the system information includes data associated with the temporary tracking area indicator.

[0019] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means or instructions for: identifying the validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator based on receiving system information; and removing the temporary tracking area indicator from the tracking area indicator list of the UE when the validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator expires.

[0020] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means or instructions for storing, based on receiving system information, one of the temporary tracking area indicator and the first tracking area indicator or the second tracking area indicator in the tracking area indicator list of the UE, wherein removing the temporary tracking area indicator from the tracking area indicator list may be based on storing the temporary tracking area indicator and the first tracking area indicator or the second tracking area indicator in the tracking area indicator list.

[0021] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and nontransient computer-readable media described herein, the second tracking area indicator includes a temporary tracking area indicator, and the methods, apparatus (devices) and nontransient computer-readable media may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for: identifying that the UE is associated with a first cell serving the first fixed earth tracking area and the second fixed earth tracking area; and identifying that the UE may be associated with the first fixed earth tracking area based on identifying that the UE is associated with the first cell, wherein monitoring the paging resource may be based on determining that the UE may be associated with the first fixed earth tracking area.

[0022] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and nontransient computer-readable media described herein, the second tracking area indicator includes a temporary tracking area indicator, and the methods, apparatus (devices) and nontransient computer-readable media may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for: identifying that the UE is not associated with the first cell serving the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area; and identifying that the UE can be associated with the first fixed tracking area based on identifying that the UE is not associated with the first cell, wherein monitoring the paging resource may be based on determining that the UE can be associated with the first fixed tracking area.

[0023] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means or instructions for determining whether to perform a registration update based on the first tracking region indicator and the second tracking region indicator.

[0024] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the first tracking region indicator may be indicated via a first tracking region indicator field of the system information, and the second tracking region indicator may be indicated via a second tracking region indicator field of the system information.

[0025] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, determining that the first cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area may include operations, features, means, or instructions for: determining that a tracking area indicator included in a control message may be associated with the first fixed tracking area, and that a temporary tracking area indicator included in the control message may be associated with the second fixed tracking area of ​​the NTN.

[0026] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means or instructions for reporting the first earth fixed tracking area and the second earth fixed tracking area to the non-access layer of the UE.

[0027] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, monitoring the paging resource associated with the first fixed earth tracking area may include operations, features, means, or instructions for monitoring paging messages associated with the first fixed earth tracking area using a first P-RNTI that may be different from a second paging radio network temporary identifier (P-RNTI) associated with the second fixed earth tracking area.

[0028] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for: receiving a System Information Broadcast (SIB) message associated with the first cell, the SIB message indicating a P-RNTI associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area and a temporary P-RNTI associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area; and using the P-RNTI associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area to monitor paging messages associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area.

[0029] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means or instructions for receiving downlink control information (DCI) including an indication of whether a paging message is associated with the first fixed earth tracking area or with the second fixed earth tracking area, wherein monitoring of the paging resource associated with the first fixed earth tracking area may be based on receiving the DCI.

[0030] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the DCI includes a first value indicating the association of the paging message with the first fixed Earth tracking area, or a second value indicating the association of the paging message with the second fixed Earth tracking area.

[0031] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means or instructions for determining, based on receiving the DCI, that a first paging message can be associated with the first fixed earth tracking area and a second paging message can be associated with the second fixed earth tracking area.

[0032] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the DCI includes a first value indicating that the paging message is associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area, a second value indicating that the paging message is associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area, or a third value indicating that the paging message is associated with both the first fixed Earth tracking area and the second fixed Earth tracking area.

[0033] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means or instructions for determining that the paging resource associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area and the second paging resource associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area may be the same.

[0034] Examples of methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means or instructions for selecting to communicate with the first cell of the NTN, wherein monitoring the paging resource associated with the first fixed earth tracking area may be based on the selection to communicate with the first cell.

[0035] A method for wireless communication at a base station is described. The method may include: transmitting to a UE system information including indications regarding a first cell of an NTN associating with a first tracking area indicator and a second tracking area indicator; determining, based on the system information, that the first cell serves a first fixed earth tracking area associated with the first tracking area indicator and a second fixed earth tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator; and transmitting, based on the determination that the first cell serves the first fixed earth tracking area and the second fixed earth tracking area, one or more first paging messages associated with the first fixed earth tracking area and one or more second paging messages associated with the second fixed earth tracking area.

[0036] An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. These instructions are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmit to a UE system information including indications regarding a first cell of an NTN associated with a first tracking area indicator and a second tracking area indicator; determine, based on the system information, that the first cell serves a first fixed earth tracking area associated with the first tracking area indicator and a second fixed earth tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator; and, based on the determination that the first cell serves the first fixed earth tracking area and the second fixed earth tracking area, transmit one or more first paging messages associated with the first fixed earth tracking area and one or more second paging messages associated with the second fixed earth tracking area.

[0037] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a base station is described. The apparatus may include: means for transmitting to a UE system information including indications regarding a first cell of an NTN associated with a first tracking area indicator and a second tracking area indicator; means for determining, based on the system information, a first fixed tracking area associated with the first tracking area indicator and a second fixed tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator; and means for transmitting one or more first paging messages associated with the first fixed tracking area and one or more second paging messages associated with the second fixed tracking area based on the determination that the first cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area.

[0038] A non-transient computer-readable medium is described, storing code for wireless communication at a base station. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: transmit to a UE system information including indications of a first cell of an NTN associated with a first tracking area indicator and a second tracking area indicator; determine, based on the system information, that the first cell serves a first fixed earth tracking area associated with the first tracking area indicator and a second fixed earth tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator; and, based on the determination that the first cell serves the first fixed earth tracking area and the second fixed earth tracking area, transmit one or more first paging messages associated with the first fixed earth tracking area and one or more second paging messages associated with the second fixed earth tracking area.

[0039] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, one of the first tracking region indicator or the second tracking region indicator includes a temporary tracking region indicator or a shorter validity indicator.

[0040] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means or instructions for transmitting validity time associated with the temporary tracking area indicator to the UE via system information.

[0041] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and nontransient computer-readable media described herein, the second fixed Earth tracking area includes a temporary tracking area indicator, and the methods, apparatus (devices) and nontransient computer-readable media may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for identifying that the validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator may be less than or equal to a threshold validity period, wherein the transmission of the one or more first paging messages may be based on the validity period being less than or equal to the threshold validity period. Brief description of the attached diagram

[0043] Figure 1 Examples of wireless communication systems that support changes to the Tracking Area Code (TAC) of wireless networks according to various aspects of this disclosure are explained.

[0044] Figure 2 Examples of wireless communication systems that support changes to wireless networks according to various aspects of this disclosure are explained.

[0045] Figure 3 Examples of wireless communication systems that support changes to the TAC of wireless networks according to various aspects of this disclosure are explained.

[0046] Figure 4 An example of the process flow for changing the TAC of a wireless network according to various aspects of this disclosure is explained.

[0047] Figure 5 and 6 A block diagram of a device that supports changes to the TAC for wireless networks according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0048] Figure 7 A block diagram of a communication manager that supports changes to a TAC for wireless networks according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0049] Figure 8 A diagram of a system of devices including modifications to TAC supporting wireless networks, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0050] Figure 9 and 10 A block diagram of a device that supports changes to the TAC for wireless networks according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0051] Figure 11 A block diagram of a communication manager that supports changes to a TAC for wireless networks according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0052] Figure 12 A diagram of a system of devices including modifications to TAC supporting wireless networks, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0053] Figures 13 to 20 A flowchart illustrating a method for modifying the TAC (Transmitter Accreditation Code) supporting wireless networks according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0054] Detailed description

[0055] Some wireless communication systems may include one or more non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). In some NTNs, continuous satellite movement can lead to continuous movement of cellular coverage. Even if the user equipment (UE) is stationary, the UE may experience constant changes in cellular coverage due to continuous movement (e.g., handovers between cells). Furthermore, because satellite coverage areas are relatively large, wireless communication systems can use multiple fixed earth tracking areas (e.g., terrestrial tracking areas) within the satellite coverage area. However, to reduce paging load per UE, the UE may register for paging with a single tracking area instead of multiple tracking areas. Therefore, a trade-off exists between larger tracking areas (potentially leading to larger paging loads) and smaller tracking areas (potentially leading to frequent handovers between cells) due to cellular coverage movement with satellites, UE movement within cells, or both. Therefore, there are opportunities for techniques to effectively manage the list of tracking area indicators associated with mobile cells to avoid unnecessary registration procedures.

[0056] According to some aspects, the UE can be configured to determine that the cell is serving two or more fixed earth tracking areas, determine which paging resources to monitor (e.g., paging resources of a first fixed earth tracking area, or paging resources of a second fixed earth tracking area), and subsequently monitor the selected paging resources. For the purposes of this disclosure, the terms "fixed earth tracking area" and "terrestrial tracking area" are used interchangeably to refer to an area defined by a selected ground (e.g., fixed earth) boundary. In this respect, a fixed earth tracking area, a terrestrial tracking area, or both can refer to a defined area on Earth defined by a selected geofenced boundary. In some cases, the boundary of the fixed earth tracking area can be independent of one or more boundaries of one or more cells of the NTN.

[0057] Various aspects of this disclosure enable the UE to select which paging resources to monitor, thereby reducing the paging load at the UE. In some aspects, the UE can determine two or more fixed tracking areas serving the cell based on a received System Information Broadcast (SIB) message including a tracking area indicator associated with a first fixed tracking area and a second fixed tracking area. In some aspects, the UE can determine which paging resources to monitor based on its geographic location or based on a previous association with a first or second fixed tracking area. Additionally, the UE can use a Paging Radio Temporary Network Identifier (P-RNTI) associated with the selected fixed tracking area to monitor paging resources associated with that selected fixed tracking area. Alternatively, the UE can monitor paging resources associated with a selected fixed tracking area based on received Downlink Control Information (DCI) indicating whether a paging timing (e.g., a paging message) is associated with the selected fixed tracking area.

[0058] The aspects of this disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communication systems. The aspects of this disclosure are also illustrated by example process flowcharts. The aspects of this disclosure are further illustrated and described by means of, and with reference to, apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts relating to changes in the Tracking Area Code (TAC) of a wireless network.

[0059] Figure 1 Examples of wireless communication system 100 supporting changes to the TAC of a wireless network according to various aspects of this disclosure are described. Wireless communication system 100 may include one or more base stations 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-APro network, or a New Radio (NR) network. In some examples, wireless communication system 100 may support enhanced broadband communication, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission-critical) communication, low latency communication, communication with low-cost and low-complexity devices, or any combination thereof.

[0060] Base station 105 can be distributed across a geographical area to form wireless communication system 100, and can be different types of devices or devices with different capabilities. Base station 105 and UE 115 can communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125. Each base station 105 can provide a coverage area 110, and UE 115 and base station 105 can establish one or more communication links 125 on the coverage area 110. Coverage area 110 can be an example of a geographical area over which base station 105 and UE 115 can support signal communication according to one or more radio access technologies.

[0061] Each UE can be distributed throughout the coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 can be stationary or mobile, or stationary and mobile at different times. Each UE 115 can be a different type of device or a device with different capabilities. Figure 1 The document describes some example UE 115s. The UE 115 described herein can communicate with various types of devices, such as other UE 115s, base station 105, or network equipment (e.g., core network nodes, relay equipment, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, or other network equipment). Figure 1 As shown in the image.

[0062] Each base station 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with each other, or both. For example, base station 105 may interface with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul links 155 (e.g., via S1, N2, N3, or other interfaces). Base stations 105 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between base stations 105), indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130), or directly and indirectly on backhaul links 155 (e.g., via X2, Xn, or other interfaces). In some examples, backhaul link 155 may be or include one or more radio links.

[0063] One or more of the base stations 105 described herein may include, or may be referred to by those skilled in the art as, base transceiver station, radio base station, access point, radio transceiver, B node, evolved B node (eNB), next-generation B node or gigabit B node (any of which may be referred to as gNB), home B node, home evolved B node, or other suitable terms.

[0064] UE 115 may include or be referred to as a mobile device, wireless device, remote device, handheld device, or subscriber device, or any other suitable term, wherein "device" may also be referred to as a unit, station, terminal, or client, etc. UE 115 may also include or be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet computer, laptop computer, or personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, Internet of Things (IoT) device, Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, etc.

[0065] The UE 115 described herein can communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that sometimes act as relays, as well as base station 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, relay base stations, etc. Figure 1As shown in the diagram. In some aspects, UE 115 may include UE communication manager 101, which is configured to support wireless communication at each UE 115. In particular, UE communication manager 101 may be configured to support changes to the TAC of the wireless network, as described herein. UE communication manager 101 may include one or more processors configured to execute code in memory. Figure 1 The UE communication manager 101 described herein may include communication manager 515, communication manager 615, communication manager 710, communication manager 810 or any combination thereof, or may be examples thereof.

[0066] UE 115 and base station 105 can wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 on one or more carriers. The term "carrier" can refer to a set of radio frequency spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting communication link 125. For example, a carrier for communication link 125 may include a portion of the radio spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) operating according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling coordinating carrier operation, user data, or other signaling. Wireless communication system 100 may support communication with UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. UE 115 may be configured to have multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used in conjunction with both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers.

[0067] The signal waveform transmitted on the carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform extended OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM, a resource element may include a symbol period (e.g., the duration of a modulation symbol) and a subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing are inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the code rate of the modulation scheme, or both). Thus, the more resource elements the UE 115 receives and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate the UE 115 can achieve. Wireless communication resources can refer to a combination of radio frequency spectrum resources, temporal resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and using multiple spatial layers can further improve the data rate or data integrity of communication with the UE 115.

[0068] The time interval of base station 105 or UE 115 can be expressed as a multiple of a basic time unit, such as the sampling period T. s =1 / (Δf) max ·N f ) seconds, where Δf max The maximum supported subcarrier spacing can be represented by Nf, while Nf can represent the maximum supported Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size. The time interval of the communication resources can be organized according to radio frames, each with a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame can be identified by a System Frame Number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0069] Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may (e.g., in the time domain) be divided into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into several time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include several symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix added before each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, time slots may be further divided into multiple mini-time slots containing one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may contain one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0070] A subframe, time slot, mini-slot, or symbol can be the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., in the time domain) and can be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the duration of the TTI (e.g., the number of symbol periods in the TTI) can be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 can be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

[0071] Physical channels can be multiplexed on a carrier using various techniques. Physical control channels and physical data channels can be multiplexed on a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) for physical control channels can be defined by the number of symbol periods and can extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESET) can be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more UEs 115 can monitor or search control regions for control information based on one or more search space sets, and each search space set can include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for control channel candidates can refer to the number of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with coded information in a control information format having a given payload size. The search space set may include a common search space set configured to send control information to multiple UEs 115 and a UE-specific search space set configured to send control information to a particular UE 115.

[0072] In some examples, base station 105 may be mobile, and thus provide communication coverage to mobile geographic coverage areas 110. In some examples, different geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same base station 105. In other examples, overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different base stations 105. Wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network, in which different types of base stations 105 use the same or different radio access technologies to provide coverage to various geographic coverage areas 110.

[0073] Wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low latency communication, or various combinations thereof. For example, wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) or mission-critical communication. UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low latency, or mission-critical functions (e.g., mission-critical functions). Ultra-reliable communication may include private or group communication and may be supported by one or more mission-critical services, such as Mission-Critical Talk-to-Talk (MCPTT), Mission-Critical Video (MCVideo), or Mission-Critical Data (MCData)). Support for mission-critical functions may include prioritization of services, and mission-critical services may be used for public safety or general business applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low latency, mission-critical, and ultra-reliable low latency are used interchangeably herein.

[0074] In some examples, UE 115 may also be able to communicate directly with other UE 115 on a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or D2D protocol). One or more UE 115s utilizing D2D communication may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of base station 105. Other UE 115s in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of base station 105 or may be unable to receive transmissions from base station 105 for other reasons. In some examples, groups of UE 115s communicating via D2D communication may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each UE 115 transmits to every other UE 115 in the group. In some examples, base station 105 facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communication. In other cases, D2D communication is performed between the individual UE 115s without involving base station 105.

[0075] Core network 130 provides user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. Core network 130 can be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC). The EPC or 5GC may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a Mobility Management Entity (MME), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF)) for managing access and mobility, and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a Serving Gateway (S-GW), Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW), or User Plane Function (UPF)) for routing packets or interconnecting to external networks. The control plane entity manages non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management of UE 115 served by base station 105 associated with core network 130. User IP packets can be delivered through the user plane entity, which provides IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity can connect to network operator IP service 150. Carrier IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, intranets, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0076] Some network devices (such as base station 105) may include sub-components, such as access network entity 140, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC). Each access network entity 140 may communicate with each UE 115 through one or more other access network transport entities 145, which may be referred to as a radio headend, smart radio headend, or transmit / receive point (TRP). Each access network transport entity 145 may include one or more antenna panels. In some configurations, the various functions of each access network entity 140 or base station 105 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio headends and ANCs) or combined into a single network device (e.g., base station 105).

[0077] Wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands, typically in the range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz. Generally, the 300 MHz to 3 GHz band is referred to as a UHF band or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately 1 decimeter to 1 meter. UHF waves can be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, but these waves can penetrate various structures sufficiently for macrocells to provide service to UE 115 located indoors. Compared to transmissions using smaller frequencies and longer waves in the lower HF or VHF portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz, UHF wave transmission can be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 km).

[0078] Wireless communication system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio spectrum bands. For example, wireless communication system 100 may employ licensed assisted access (LAA), LTE unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in unlicensed frequency bands (such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band). When operating in unlicensed radio spectrum bands, devices (such as base station 105 and UE 115) may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operation in unlicensed frequency bands may be based on carrier aggregation configuration (e.g., LAA) in coordination with component carriers operating in licensed frequency bands. Operation in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, etc.

[0079] Base station 105 or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas that can be used to employ technologies such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. The antennas of base station 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels that can support MIMO operation or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may coexist at an antenna assembly (such as an antenna tower). In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with base station 105 may be located in different geographical locations. Base station 105 may have an antenna array with several rows and columns of antenna ports that base station 105 can use to support beamforming for communication with UE 115. Similarly, UE 115 may have one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support radio frequency beamforming for signals transmitted via the antenna ports.

[0080] Beamforming (also known as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting or receiving device (e.g., base station 105, UE 115) to shape or guide an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting and receiving devices. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals transmitted via antenna elements of an antenna array, such that some signals propagating relative to a particular orientation of the antenna array experience constructive interference, while others experience destructive interference. Adjustments to the signals transmitted via the antenna elements may include the transmitting or receiving device applying amplitude offset, phase offset, or both to the signals carried via the antenna elements associated with that device. The adjustments associated with each antenna element may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., the antenna array relative to the transmitting or receiving device, or relative to some other orientation).

[0081] The wireless communication system 100 includes a base station 105, a user interface (UE) 115, a satellite 120, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be an LTE network, an LTE-A network, an LTE-A Pro network, or an NR network. In some cases, the wireless communication system 100 may support enhanced broadband communication, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission-critical) communication, low latency communication, or communication with low-cost and low-complexity devices.

[0082] The wireless communication system 100 may also include one or more satellites 120. Satellite 120 can communicate with base station 105 (also referred to as a gateway in the NTN) and UE 115 (or other high-altitude or ground-based communication equipment). Satellite 120 can be any suitable type of communication satellite configured to relay communication between different end nodes in the wireless communication system. Examples of satellite 120 include space satellites, balloons, spacecraft, aircraft, drones, unmanned aerial vehicles, etc. In some examples, satellite 120 may be in geostationary or geostationary orbit, low Earth orbit, or medium Earth orbit. Satellite 120 may be a multi-beam satellite configured to provide service to multiple service beam coverage areas within a predefined geographic service area. Satellite 120 can be at any distance from the Earth's surface.

[0083] In some scenarios, a cell may be provided or established by satellite 120 as part of an NTN. In some scenarios, satellite 120 may perform the functions of base station 105, acting as a bend-type satellite, or acting as a regenerative satellite, or a combination thereof. In other scenarios, satellite 120 may be an example of an intelligent satellite or a satellite with intelligence. For example, an intelligent satellite may be configured to perform more functions than a regenerative satellite (e.g., it may be configured to perform specific algorithms beyond those used in a regenerative satellite, be reprogrammed, etc.). A bend-type transponder or satellite may be configured to receive signals from a ground station and transmit those signals to different ground stations. In some scenarios, a bend-type transponder or satellite may amplify signals or convert uplink frequencies to downlink frequencies. A regenerative transponder or satellite may be configured to relay signals like a bend-type transponder or satellite, but may also use onboard processing to perform other functions. Examples of those other functions may include demodulating received signals, decoding received signals, re-encoding signals to be transmitted, modulating signals to be transmitted, or a combination thereof. For example, a curved satellite (e.g., satellite 120) can receive signals from base station 105 and can relay the signals to UE 115 or base station 105, and vice versa.

[0084] In some aspects, satellite 120 may include satellite communication manager 102, which is configured to support wireless communication at each satellite 120. Specifically, satellite communication manager 102 may be configured to support changes to the TAC of the wireless network, as described herein. Satellite communication manager 102 may include one or more processors configured to execute code in memory. Figure 1 The satellite communication manager 102 described herein may include communication manager 915, communication manager 1015, communication manager 1110, communication manager 1210 or any combination thereof, or may be examples thereof.

[0085] UE 115 and base station 105 / satellite 120 may support communication to enable changes in the tracking area of ​​a wireless network (such as an NTN). In some aspects, satellite 120 may transmit control messages (e.g., SIB messages) associated with a first fixed tracking area served by the first cell. The control messages (e.g., SIB messages) may include a first fixed tracking area indicator (e.g., a first TAC) associated with a first fixed tracking area served by the first cell, and a second fixed tracking area indicator (e.g., a second TAC) associated with a second fixed tracking area served by the first cell. In some aspects, UE 115 may determine the first and second fixed tracking areas served by the first cell of satellite 120 based on received control messages. Additionally or alternatively, UE 115 may determine the first and second fixed tracking areas served by the first cell based on control messages or DCI received from satellite 120.

[0086] When determining both the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area of ​​the first cell service of satellite 120, UE 115 may determine which paging resources are to be monitored associated with the first fixed tracking area or the second fixed tracking area, and may subsequently monitor paging resources associated with the selected fixed tracking area. In some aspects, UE 115 may determine which paging resources are associated with the first fixed tracking area and / or the second fixed tracking area when operating in Radio Resource Control (RRC) idle operation mode, and when the first cell service has two or more fixed tracking areas. In some aspects, UE 115 may determine which paging resources to monitor based on its geographic location within the first fixed tracking area or the second fixed tracking area. Additionally or alternatively, UE 115 may determine which paging resources to monitor based on prior association with the first fixed tracking area or the second fixed tracking area. Additionally, UE 115 can monitor paging resources associated with a selected fixed Earth tracking area by using P-RNTI associated with the selected fixed Earth tracking area to monitor paging messages or paging timings associated with the selected fixed Earth tracking area. For the purposes of this disclosure, the terms "paging message" and "paging timing" may be used interchangeably unless otherwise stated herein.

[0087] Figure 2Examples of wireless communication system 200 supporting changes to the TAC of wireless networks according to various aspects of this disclosure are explained. In some examples, wireless communication system 200 may implement various aspects of wireless communication system 100. Wireless communication system 200 may include UE 115-a and satellite 120-a (e.g., which may also be referred to as base station in some cases), which may be as described above. Figure 1 Examples of base station 105, UE 115, and satellite 120 are described. In the case of NTN, satellite 120-a can serve coverage area 110-a.

[0088] Wireless communication system 200 can support transmissions between UE 115-a and satellite 120-a. For example, UE 115-a can transmit uplink transmission 210 to satellite 120-a. Conversely, as another example, satellite 120-a can transmit downlink transmission 205 to UE 115-a. Satellite 120-a can be in orbit (such as low Earth orbit, medium Earth orbit, geostationary orbit, or other non-geostationary orbit). In any of these examples, satellite 120-a may be thousands of kilometers away from Earth, and therefore thousands of kilometers away from UE 115-a. Each communication between satellite 120-a and UE 115-a (e.g., downlink transmission 205, uplink transmission 210) can therefore travel that distance from Earth to satellite 120-a and back to Earth.

[0089] In some respects, the coverage area 110-a of satellite 120-a may be significantly larger than the coverage area associated with a ground base station (e.g., base station 105-a). In this respect, coverage area 110-a may serve multiple fixed earth tracking areas (e.g., multiple ground tracking areas). The satellite's coverage area 110-a may be subdivided into multiple cells that serve the fixed earth tracking areas of coverage area 110-a. As previously stated, the terms "fixed earth tracking area" and "ground tracking area" are used interchangeably to refer to an area defined by a selected fixed earth (e.g., ground) boundary. In this respect, a fixed earth tracking area may refer to a defined area on Earth defined by a selected geofenced boundary. In some cases, the boundary of the fixed earth tracking area may be independent of one or more boundaries of one or more cells of the NTN.

[0090] Satellite 120-a can move or travel relative to a fixed location on Earth (e.g., relative to a fixed tracking area on Earth). For example, when satellite 120-a is in low Earth orbit, it can travel at a distance between 600 km and 2000 km from Earth and at a speed of 7.5 km / s. Therefore, satellite 120-a and the coverage area 110-a served by satellite 120-a can move relative to Earth over time. Thus, as satellite 120-a moves relative to UE 115-a, UE 115-a can be located within and served by the cells constituting the coverage area 110-a of the satellite, which varies over time. For example, in the case where UE 115-a remains at a fixed location within a given fixed tracking area on Earth, UE 115-a may experience continuous changes in cell coverage due to the movement of satellite 120-a, coverage area 110-a, and the cells of coverage area 110-a relative to UE 115-a over time.

[0091] Therefore, the wireless communication system 200 can be configured to support transmissions between UE 115-a and satellite 120-a to address these issues. Specifically, UE 115-a and / or satellite 120-a can be configured to determine that a cell within the coverage area 110-a of satellite 120-a serving UE 115-a is serving two or more fixed tracking areas. UE 115-a and / or satellite 120-a can then be configured to monitor paging resources associated with a selected fixed tracking area served by the cell, at least in part, based on the determination that the cell serves two or more fixed tracking areas. In some aspects, UE 115-a can determine that the cell serves two or more fixed tracking areas and / or monitor selected paging resources associated with a first fixed tracking area and / or a second fixed tracking area when operating in RRC idle operation mode. By identifying two or more fixed tracking areas served by the cellular service and by monitoring paging resources based on that identification, the wireless communication system 200 can reduce the paging load at UE 115-a and prevent unnecessary registration procedures.

[0092] Figure 3 Examples of wireless communication system 300 that support changes to the TAC of wireless networks according to various aspects of this disclosure are explained. In some examples, wireless communication system 300 may implement aspects of wireless communication system 100 and / or wireless communication system 200. Generally speaking, Figure 3 One or more aspects of this disclosure are explained, which enable changes to the TAC of a wireless network (e.g., NTN).

[0093] The wireless communication system 300 may include a satellite 120-b serving a first UE 115-a and a second UE 115-b. The first UE 115-a may be located within a first fixed earth tracking area 305-a (e.g., a first ground tracking area), while the second UE 115-b may be located in a second fixed earth tracking area 305-b (e.g., a second ground tracking area), distinct from the first fixed earth tracking area 305-a. As previously described herein, the first fixed earth tracking area 305-a and the second fixed earth tracking area 305-b may comprise areas defined by selected ground boundaries (e.g., selected geofence areas). In this respect, the first fixed earth tracking area 305-a and the second fixed earth tracking area 305-b may be stationary relative to the Earth and relative to each other. For example, the first fixed earth tracking area 305-a may be defined by a first geofence boundary, and the second fixed earth tracking area 305-b may be defined by a second geofence boundary sharing one or more boundary edges with the first fixed earth tracking area 305-a. In this example, the first Earth fixed tracking region 305-a and the second Earth fixed tracking region 305-b can be positioned as adjacent to each other.

[0094] In some aspects, the first fixed Earth tracking area 305-a and the second fixed Earth tracking area 305-b can be located within the coverage area 110-b of satellite 120-b. The coverage area 110-b of satellite 120-b can include multiple cells constituting the coverage area 110-b. For example, satellite 120-b can include a first cell 310-a and a second cell 310-b. The coverage area 110-b of satellite 120-b can include any number of cells spanning any number of fixed Earth tracking areas. Thus, the first cell 310-a and the second cell 310-b are located within... Figure 3 The explanations provided are for illustrative purposes only.

[0095] In some respects, satellite 120-b can move relative to the Earth over time. Therefore, satellite 120-b can also move over time relative to the first Earth-fixed tracking area 305-a and the second Earth-fixed tracking area 305-b. For example, as... Figure 3As shown, satellite 120-b can be in a first position at time 1, a second position at time 2, and a third position at time 3. In this example, time 2 follows time 1, and time 3 follows time 2, such that satellite 120-b is interpreted as moving across the page from right to left over time. Furthermore, as satellite 120-b moves relative to the Earth, the coverage area 110-b served by satellite 120-b can also move over time relative to the Earth and Earth fixed tracking areas 305-a and 305-b. For example, at time 1, coverage area 110-b can be positioned such that a first cell 310-a serves a first Earth fixed tracking area 305-a, and a second cell serves a second Earth fixed tracking area 305-b. At time 2, coverage area 110-b may have moved relative to the Earth, such that first cell 310-a continues to serve at least a portion of first fixed tracking area 305-a, and second cell serves at least a portion of second fixed tracking area 305-b and at least a portion of first fixed tracking area 305-a. In this respect, at time 2, second cell 310-b serves both first fixed tracking area 305-a and second fixed tracking area 305-b. Continuing with the same example, at time 3, coverage area 110-b may have moved relative to the Earth, such that first cell 310-a continues to serve at least a portion of first fixed tracking area 305-a, and second cell serves at least a portion of second fixed tracking area 305-b and at least a portion of first fixed tracking area 305-a.

[0096] In the case of an NTN including satellite 120-b that moves relative to the Earth, UEs 115-a and 115-b may experience continuous changes in cell coverage as satellite 120-b moves relative to the Earth. For example, as Figure 3As explained, the first UE 115-a and the second UE 115-b can remain stationary within the first fixed earth tracking area 305-a and the second fixed earth tracking area 305-b, respectively, over time. The second UE 115-b can be positioned within the second cell 310-b, such that the second cell 310-b serves the second UE 115-b at time 1, time 2, and time 3. In contrast, the first UE 115-a can be positioned within the first cell 310-a at time 2, and within the second cell 310-b at both time 2 and time 3. In this respect, although stationary within the first fixed earth tracking area 305-a, the first UE 115-a may experience continuous changes in cell coverage over time due to the mobility of satellite 120-b and the corresponding coverage area 110-b. The constant changes in cell coverage may require UE 115-a and satellite 120-b to perform a handover procedure from the first cell 310-a to the second cell 310-b between time 1 and time 2 because the first UE 115-a experiences constant changes in cell coverage.

[0097] UEs 115-a and 115-b may not be stationary in all scenarios. For example, the first UE 115-a may move from a first fixed tracking area 305-a to a second fixed tracking area 305-b. In this example, UE 115-a can acquire control messages (e.g., SIB messages) associated with the second fixed tracking area 305-b, thereby enabling it to monitor paging resources associated with the second fixed tracking area 305-b.

[0098] and Figure 3One challenge associated with the constantly changing cell coverage experienced by the first UE 115-a is the paging load at the first UE 115-a. Specifically, at times 2 and 3, the second cell 310-a serves both the first fixed tracking area 305-a and the second fixed tracking area 305-b, and can transmit paging messages associated with both the first fixed tracking area 305-a and the second fixed tracking area 302-b. However, the first UE 115-a does not want to monitor paging messages associated with both the first fixed tracking area 305-a and the second fixed tracking area 305-b, as the increased paging load may unduly increase power consumption at the first UE 115-a. Furthermore, the NTN serving a stationary UE (e.g., the first UE 115-a) may cause the constantly changing cell coverage, thereby triggering unnecessary registration procedures. In this regard, there is a trade-off between designating smaller cells 310-a and 310-b (which may result in frequent handovers and Tracking Area Update (TAU) procedures) and designating larger cells 310-a and 310-b (which may result in a larger paging load within the coverage area 110-b of satellite 120-b).

[0099] Therefore, in some aspects of this disclosure, the wireless communication system 300 can support communication between UEs 115-a and 115-b, which enables proper management of paging loads at UEs 115-a and 115-b, allows for efficient handling of the Earth fixed tracking area list, and prevents unnecessary registration procedures.

[0100] An example can be used to illustrate this. At time 1, a first UE 115-a may be positioned within a first fixed earth tracking area 305-a and may communicate with satellite 120-b via a first cell 310-a. Similarly, a second UE 115-b may be positioned within a second fixed earth tracking area 305-b and may communicate with satellite 120-b via a second cell 310-b. In some aspects, satellite 120-b may transmit control messages to UEs 115-a and 115-b including a tracking area indicator associated with each cell 310-a and 310-b. In some cases, the control message may be an SIB message or any other RRC message or other control message. For example, at time 1, satellite 120-b may transmit an SIB message associated with the first cell 310-a to the first UE 115-a, wherein the SIB message includes a tracking area indicator (e.g., TAC) associated with the first fixed earth tracking area 305-a. As another example, at time 1, satellite 120-b may transmit an SIB message associated with second cell 310-b to second UE 115-b, wherein the SIB message includes a tracking area indicator (e.g., TAC) associated with second fixed earth tracking area 305-b.

[0101] In some cases, satellite 120-b may transmit (e.g., broadcast) system information (e.g., SIB messages) instructing cell 310 to serve more than one fixed Earth tracking area 305. For example, in some cases, satellite 120-b may transmit system information including indications regarding a first tracking area indicator (e.g., a first TAC) associated with a first fixed Earth tracking area 305-a and a second tracking area indicator (e.g., a second TAC) associated with a second fixed Earth tracking area 305-b. In this respect, the system information transmitted by satellite 120-b may instruct first cell 310-a to serve both the first fixed Earth tracking area 305-a and the second fixed Earth tracking area 305-b. In some aspects, the system information (e.g., SIB messages) may include one or more fields (e.g., tracking area indicator field, TAC field) for indicating one or more tracking area indicators. For example, continuing the example above, system information may include a first tracking region indicator field and a second tracking region indicator field, wherein the first and second tracking region indicator fields are used to indicate the first and second tracking region indicators, respectively.

[0102] Subsequently, between time 1 and time 2, the first UE 115-a and satellite 120-b can execute a handover procedure to establish a communication link between the first UE 115-a and the second cell 310-b of satellite 120-b. Therefore, at time 2, the first UE 115-b can communicate with the second cell 310-b at least in part based on the handover procedure executed between time 1 and time 2. In some aspects, the first UE 115-a can switch to RRC idle mode operation after executing the handover procedure and establishing a connection with the second cell 310-b.

[0103] In some aspects, satellite 120-b may transmit control messages (e.g., SIB messages) associated with the second cell 310-b, which include tracking area indicators (e.g., TACs) associated with both the first fixed tracking area 305-a and the second fixed tracking area 305-b. For example, at time 2, satellite 120-b may transmit an SIB message associated with the second cell 310-b to the first UE 115-a, wherein the SIB message includes a first tracking area indicator (e.g., a first TAC) for the first fixed tracking area 305-a and a second tracking area indicator (e.g., a second TAC) for the second fixed tracking area 305-b. In this respect, the SIB message may include two separate tracking area indicators indicating that the second cell 310-b serves both the first fixed tracking area 305-a and the second fixed tracking area 305-b.

[0104] In some aspects, SIB messages including tracking area indicators for first and second fixed Earth tracking areas 305-a, 305-b may include temporary tracking area indicators or shorter validity indicators. Satellite 120-b may use temporary tracking area indicators and shorter validity indicators to indicate that a given cell will serve a given fixed Earth tracking area only for a given or limited amount of time. For the purposes of this disclosure, the terms "temporary tracking area indicator" and "shorter validity indicator" may be used interchangeably to refer to an indicator that is valid only for a given or limited amount of time. In some aspects, a temporary tracking area indicator may be associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area 305-a and / or the second fixed Earth tracking area 305-b. For example, an SIB message associated with the second cell 310-b may include a tracking area indicator associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area 305-a and a temporary tracking area indicator associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area 305-b. Conversely, as another example, the SIB message associated with the second cell 310-b may include a tracking area indicator associated with the second fixed earth tracking area 305-b, and a temporary tracking area indicator associated with the first fixed earth tracking area 305-a.

[0105] In some aspects, supplemental system information (e.g., a Master Information Block (MIB) message) may include information associated with the temporary tracking indicator. Specifically, the MIB message may include an indication of whether the system information (e.g., an SIB message) includes information associated with the temporary tracking area indicator. In this regard, in a scenario where UE 115 selects to monitor paging resources related to the fixed earth tracking area 305 associated with the temporary tracking area indicator, the MIB message may instruct UE 115 to examine the SIB message to obtain information associated with the temporary tracking area indicator.

[0106] For example, the first UE 115-a can receive a MIB message associated with the second cell 310-b, wherein the MIB message includes one or more fields associated with a temporary tracking area indicator. In this example, one or more fields within the MIB message can indicate whether the system information (e.g., an SIB message) associated with the second cell 310-b includes data associated with the temporary tracking area indicator. Based on the MIB message, the first UE 115-a can also receive the system information associated with the second cell 310-b and can examine the system information based on the MIB message to find the data associated with the temporary tracking area indicator. In some aspects, UEs 115-a and 115-b can be configured to store the tracking area indicator in a tracking area indicator list of UEs 115-a and 115-b. For example, the first UE 115-a may be configured to store a first tracking area indicator associated with the first fixed earth tracking area 305-a and a second tracking area indicator associated with the second fixed earth tracking area 305-b in the tracking area indicator list of the first UE 115-a when a control message (e.g., system information, SIB message) is received at time 2.

[0107] Control messages (e.g., system information, SIB messages) transmitted from satellite 120-b to the first UE 115-a associated with the second cell 310-b may include validity time associated with a temporary tracking area indicator (e.g., TAC). This validity time may include an indication of the amount of time the second cell 310-b will serve a given fixed Earth tracking area 305-a, 305-b associated with the TAC. For example, in cases where the SIB includes a tracking area indicator associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area 305-b and a temporary tracking area indicator associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area 305-a, the SIB message may further include validity time associated with the temporary tracking area indicator of the first fixed Earth tracking area 305-a.

[0108] In some aspects, the first UE 115-a can be configured to remove the temporary tracking area indicator from its tracking area indicator list when the validity period of the temporary tracking area indicator expires. For example, continuing the example above, the first UE 115-a can be configured to remove the temporary tracking area indicator associated with the first fixed earth tracking area 305-a from its tracking area indicator list when the validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator expires. Similarly, in other aspects, satellite 120-b can remove the temporary tracking indicator from the SIB message after the validity period expires. In this regard, the temporary tracking area indicator can be omitted from the SIB message (and / or control message) transmitted after the validity period expires. It is envisioned that the validity period can be broadcast (e.g., via SIB message), pre-configured and / or pre-defined within the wireless communication system 300.

[0109] In some aspects, the first UE 115-a and satellite 120-b may be configured to determine whether the second cell 310-b serves both the first fixed tracking area 305-a and the second fixed tracking area 305-b. For example, at time 2, satellite 120-b and the first UE 115-a may be configured to determine whether the second cell 310-b serves both the first fixed tracking area 305-a and the second fixed tracking area 305-b. In some aspects, satellite 120-b may transmit control messages when determining whether the second cell 310-b serves the first and second fixed tracking areas 305-a and 305-b. In some aspects, the first UE 115-a may be configured to determine whether the second cell 310-b serves the first and second fixed tracking areas 305-a and 305-b based at least in part on received control messages (e.g., system information, SIB messages). Specifically, the presence of multiple tracking area indicators (e.g., multiple TACs) can indicate to a given UE 115-a, 115-b that a given cell 310-a, 310-b serves multiple fixed earth tracking areas 305-a, 305-b. For example, upon receiving an SIB message associated with a second cell 310-b that includes a first tracking area indicator (e.g., a first TAC) associated with a first fixed earth tracking area and a second tracking area indicator (e.g., a second TAC) associated with a second fixed earth tracking area, the first UE 115-a can be configured to determine that the second cell 310-b serves both the first and second fixed earth tracking areas 305-a, 305-b.

[0110] In terms of addition or replacement, the first UE 115-a can be configured to determine that the second cell 310-b serves the first and second fixed tracking areas 305-a, 305-b without receiving control messages (e.g., new SIB messages) associated with the second cell 310-b. For example, in some cases, the first UE 115-a can be pre-configured by dedicated RRC signaling so that it does not need to receive SIB messages associated with the second cell 310-b. For example, the first UE 115-a can receive RRC messages before determining that the second cell 310-b serves the first and second fixed tracking areas 305-a, 305-b. In this example, the first UE 115-a can determine that it has a valid version of the SIB message associated with the second cell 310-b stored in the first UE 115-a, and therefore can determine that the second cell 310-b serves both the first and second Earth fixed tracking areas 305-a and 305-b based on the received RRC message and / or the valid version of the SIB message associated with the second cell 310-b.

[0111] It is important to note that the second UE 115-a may or may not determine whether the second cell 310-b serves both the first and second fixed tracking areas 305-a and 305-b. For example, in some aspects, the second UE 115-a may acquire / receive SIB messages associated with the second cell 310-b from satellite 120-b, wherein the SIB messages include a first tracking area indicator associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a and a second tracking area indicator associated with the second fixed tracking area 305-b. In this example, the second UE 115-b may be configured to determine, at least in part, that the second cell 310-b serves both the first and second fixed tracking areas 305-a and 305-b based on the SIB messages. As another example, in the case where the second UE 115-b does not acquire / receive new SIB messages from the second cell 310-a, the second UE 115-b may not be aware that the second cell 310-b is also currently serving the first fixed tracking area 305-a. In this example, the second UE 115-b can simply be assumed to still belong to the second Earth Fixed Tracking Area 305-b (e.g., set up in the second Earth Fixed Tracking Area 305-b) and can continue to monitor the paging resources associated with the second Earth Fixed Tracking Area 305-b, just as it did at time 1.

[0112] In some aspects, the first UE 115-a can be configured to report Earth Fixed Tracking Area 305 and / or Tracking Area Indicator to its Non-Access Stratum (NAS). For example, upon receiving a control message (e.g., an SIB message) that includes a first Tracking Area Indicator associated with the first Earth Fixed Tracking Area 305-a and a second Tracking Area Indicator associated with the second Earth Fixed Tracking Area 305-b, the first UE 115-a can be configured to report the first Earth Fixed Tracking Area 305-a (or the first Tracking Area Indicator) and the second Earth Fixed Tracking Area 305-b (or the second Tracking Area Indicator) to its NAS. The first UE 115-a can report the first and second Earth Fixed Tracking Areas 305-a, 305-b (and / or the first and second Tracking Area Indicators) to its NAS to determine whether a registration update is required. Therefore, the first UE 115-a can be configured to determine whether to perform a registration update based at least in part on a first tracking area indicator associated with the first fixed earth tracking area 305-a and a second tracking area indicator associated with the second fixed earth tracking area 305-b.

[0113] In some aspects, the first UE 115-a may be configured to determine that the first UE 115-a will monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a and / or with the second fixed tracking area 305-b. It should be noted that monitoring paging resources in multiple fixed tracking areas 305-a, 305-b may result in a large paging load and therefore high power consumption at UE 115-a, 115-b, and thus may be undesirable in some cases. In this regard, the first UE 115-a may be configured to determine whether to monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a or with the second fixed tracking area 305-b in order to reduce paging load and power consumption at the first UE 115-a. For example, in some cases, the first UE 115-a may determine to monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a. However, this paper further notes that there may be beneficial instances where the first UE 115-a monitors paging resources associated with both the first and second fixed tracking areas 305-a and 305-b. In some respects, the selection of monitoring paging resources associated with the first and / or second fixed tracking areas 305-a and 305-b may be based at least in part on determining that the second cell 310-b serves the first fixed tracking area 305-a and the second fixed tracking area 305-b.

[0114] In some aspects, the first UE 115-a can be configured to monitor paging resources in selected fixed tracking areas 305-a and 305-b based on the location of the first UE 115-a within a given fixed tracking area 305-a, 305-b. For example, the first UE 115-a can be configured to determine its ground location. In this respect, the first UE 115-a can be configured to determine that it is located within a first fixed tracking area 305-a based on its determined ground location. Subsequently, the first UE 115-a can monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a, at least in part, based on its determined ground location within the first fixed tracking area 305-a. It is contemplated that the first UE 115-a can be configured to determine its ground location (e.g., ground positioning) using any components or techniques known in the art. For example, the first UE 115-a may be configured to use a Global Positioning System (GPS) component, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) component, a positioning manager (e.g., positioning manager 730), etc., to determine its ground location (e.g., ground positioning).

[0115] Similarly, in some implementations, UE 115 may be configured to determine / select which paging resources to monitor (e.g., paging resources of the first fixed tracking area 305-a or the second fixed tracking area 305-b) based on boundary information (e.g., geographic boundary information) associated with the corresponding fixed tracking area 305. Specifically, UE 115 may be configured to determine / select which paging resources to monitor based on boundary information associated with the fixed tracking area 305 corresponding to a temporary tracking area indicator (e.g., a temporary TAC).

[0116] For example, UE 115-a may receive system information indicating to the second cell 310-b regarding a tracking area indicator associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a and a temporary tracking area indicator associated with the second fixed tracking area 305-b. The system information may further include indications of boundary information (e.g., geographic boundary information) associated with the second fixed tracking area 305-b corresponding to the temporary tracking area indicator. In this example, UE 115-a may determine / select the paging resources associated with the first or second fixed tracking area 305 to monitor based on the boundary information. In some cases, UE 115-a may determine / select the paging resources associated with the first or second fixed tracking area 305 to monitor based on the boundary information and the determined location of UE 115-a relative to the boundary information (e.g., geographic location). In some respects, system information may include boundary information associated with each Earth fixed tracking area 305 (e.g., each tracking area indicator) (including Earth fixed tracking areas 305 associated with non-temporary tracking area indicators, temporary tracking area indicators, or both).

[0117] In cases where system information (e.g., SIB messages) indicates that cell 310 serves more than one fixed tracking area 305 (where one of cell 310 is associated with a temporary tracking area indicator), UE 115-a may determine which paging resources (e.g., paging resources of the first fixed tracking area 305-a or the second fixed tracking area 305-b) to monitor based on the validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator.

[0118] For example, the first UE 115-a may receive system information indicating to the second cell 310-b regarding a tracking area indicator associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a and a temporary tracking area indicator associated with the second fixed tracking area 305-b. The system information may further indicate the validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator. In this respect, the system information may instruct the second cell 310-b to serve the second fixed tracking area 305-b only during the validity period. In this example, the first UE 115-a may compare the validity period with a threshold validity period and may determine / select the paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a to monitor based on whether the validity period meets the threshold validity period. Specifically, the first UE 115-a may determine / select the paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a to monitor based on whether the validity period is less than or equal to the threshold validity period. In other words, UE 115-a can determine / select the paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a that will be active for a longer duration. By doing so, UE 115-a can camp on the second cell 310-b serving the first fixed tracking area 305-a for a longer duration.

[0119] In terms of addition or replacement, the first UE 115-a can determine which paging resources to monitor without knowing its ground location and / or boundary information. For example, the first UE 115-a may be configured to determine that it is associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a before the second cell 310-b serves both the first and second fixed tracking areas 305-a and 305-b (e.g., at time 1), and therefore the paging resources to monitor in the first fixed tracking area 305-a can be selected based on this previous association. In this example, the first UE 115-a may simply determine that it was previously associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a (e.g., previously located within the first fixed tracking area 305-a), and may assume that it is still associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a (e.g., still located within the first fixed tracking area 305-a), and therefore may continue to monitor the paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a.

[0120] In some implementations, the temporary tracking area indicator may be applicable to any UE 115 (e.g., may be used by any UE 115), regardless of whether each UE 115 was previously associated with the cell 310 of the temporary tracking area indicator. In other implementations, the temporary tracking area indicator may be applicable to UE 115 that continues to operate within the cell 310 associated with the corresponding temporary tracking area indicator (e.g., the UE 115 last camped on cell 310) (e.g., may be used by UE 115), but may not be applicable to UE 115 that is selecting the corresponding cell 310 as the new cell 310 (e.g., may not be used by UE 115). In this regard, a UE 115 selecting the corresponding cell 310 as the new cell 310 may be configured to ignore (e.g., not use) the temporary tracking area indicator.

[0121] For example, at time T2, the first UE 115-a may receive system information associated with the second cell 310-b, wherein the system information includes a tracking area indicator associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a and a temporary tracking area indicator associated with the second fixed tracking area 305-b. In this example, since the first UE 115-a is new to the second cell 310-b, the temporary tracking area indicator may not be applicable to the first UE 115-a (e.g., cannot be used by UE 115-a), and the first UE 115-a may choose to monitor paging resources related to the tracking area indicator associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a. In this regard, the first UE 115-a may select the tracking area indicator associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a based on its previous association with the first cell 310-a and / or the first fixed tracking area 305-a.

[0122] Conversely, as another example, the second UE 115-b may receive system information associated with the second cell 310-b at time T2, wherein the system information includes a tracking area indicator associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a and a temporary tracking area indicator associated with the second fixed tracking area 305-b. In this example, since the second UE 115-b previously resided on the second cell 310-b and / or was located within the second fixed tracking area 305-b, the temporary tracking area indicator may be applicable to the second UE 115-b (e.g., can be used by the second UE 115-b). Thus, the second UE 115-b can choose to monitor paging resources associated with the tracking area indicator associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a, the temporary tracking area indicator associated with the second fixed tracking area 305-b, or both. In this regard, the second UE 115-a may select a temporary tracking area indicator associated with the second fixed tracking area 305-b based on its previous association with the second cell 310-b and / or the second fixed tracking area 305-b.

[0123] In some aspects, the first UE 115-a may use a P-RNTI associated with a given fixed tracking area 305-a, 305-b to monitor paging resources associated with that given fixed tracking area 305-a, 305-b. For example, in some aspects, satellite 120-b may transmit an SIB message associated with cell 310-b to the first UE 115-b. The SIB message may indicate a first P-RNTI associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a and a second P-RNTI associated with the second fixed tracking area 305-b, wherein the second P-RNTI is different from the first P-RNTI. In this example, in a scenario where the first UE 115-a selects to monitor paging resources of the first fixed tracking area 305-a, the first UE 115-a may be configured to use the first P-RNTI associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a to monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a.

[0124] As previously mentioned with reference to the temporary tracking area indicator, satellite 120-b may transmit one or more temporary P-RNTIs associated with the first or second fixed Earth tracking areas 305-a, 305-b. For example, in some aspects, satellite 120-b may transmit an SIB message indicating a P-RNTI associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area 305-a and a temporary P-RNTI associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area 305-b. Conversely, as another example, satellite 120-b may transmit an SIB message indicating a P-RNTI associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area 305-b and a temporary P-RNTI associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area 305-a. In some aspects, the SIB message may include a validity period associated with the temporary P-RNTI. In some aspects, satellite 120-b may remove the temporary P-RNTI indication from the SIB message after the validity period has expired. In this regard, the indication of the temporary P-RNTI can be omitted in SIB messages (and / or control messages) transmitted after the validity period has expired. As an addition or replacement, the first UE 115-a can be configured to monitor paging resources associated with selected fixed tracking areas 305-a, 305-b based on DCI received from satellite 120-b. For example, satellite 120-b can transmit a DCI including an indication of whether a paging message is associated with a first fixed tracking area 305-a or a second fixed tracking area 305-b. For example, the DCI transmitted by satellite 120-b may include a first value indicating that the paging message is associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a, or a second value indicating that the paging message is associated with the second fixed tracking area 305-b (e.g., an indication value "1" or "0", or vice versa). In the case where the first UE 115-a has determined to monitor paging resources associated with the first Earth fixed tracking area 305-a, the first UE 115-a may monitor those selected paging resources at least in part based on the instructions for the paging message received in the DCI.

[0125] In some respects, UE 115-a may be configured to determine, at least in part, that a first paging message is associated with the first fixed earth tracking area 305-a and a second paging message is associated with the second fixed earth tracking area 305-b based on receiving the DCI. For example, UE 115-a may receive the DCI from satellite 120-b, wherein the DCI includes an indication that the first paging message is associated with the first fixed earth tracking area 305-a and the second paging message is associated with the second fixed earth tracking area 305-b.

[0126] As another example, satellite 120-b may transmit a first DCI including an indication that a first paging message is associated with a first fixed earth tracking area 305-a, and may further transmit a second DCI including an indication that a second paging message is associated with a second fixed earth tracking area 305-b. In this example, the first UE 115-a may monitor paging resources associated with selected fixed earth tracking areas 305-a, 305-b based at least in part on the first DCI or the second DCI received from satellite 120-b.

[0127] In some scenarios, the first UE 115-a may be configured to monitor selected paging resources associated with a given fixed tracking area 305-a, 305-b, at least in part, based on a determined paging message (e.g., paging timing) of the corresponding fixed tracking area 305-a, 305-b. For example, satellite 120-b may transmit an SIB message associated with a second cell 310-b to the first UE 115-a. In this example, UE 115-b may be configured to determine a paging message for the first fixed tracking area 305-a, at least in part, based on whether the first fixed tracking area 305-a is indicated in the SIB message via a tracking area indicator or temporary tracking area indicator associated with the first fixed tracking area 305-a. After determining a paging message for the first fixed tracking area 305-a, the first UE 115-a may monitor the paging resources of the first fixed tracking area 305-a, at least in part, based on the determined paging message.

[0128] Figure 4 Examples of process flow 400 supporting changes to the TAC of a wireless network according to various aspects of this disclosure are explained. In some examples, process flow 400 may implement various aspects of wireless communication system 100 and / or wireless communication system 200. For example, process flow 400 may explain the continuous changes to the TAC and the monitoring of paging resources within the wireless network, as referenced... Figure 1-3 As described.

[0129] Process flow 400 may include satellite 120-b and UE 115-c, which may be as referenced. Figure 1-3 Examples of gNB (or base station 105) and UE 115 described herein. For example, satellite 120-b can be an example of satellite 120 as described herein. In the following description of process flow 400, operations between satellite 120-b and UE 115-c may be performed in a different order than the example order shown, or operations performed by satellite 120-b and UE 115-c may be performed in a different order or at different times. Some operations may also be omitted from process flow 400, and others may be added to process flow 400. Figure 4 In the example, satellite 120-b and UE 115-c can communicate with each other via the NTN. Process flow 400 can support improved management of fixed tracking area indicators (e.g., ground tracking area indicators) and monitoring of paging resources within the NTN.

[0130] In 405, UE 115-c and satellite 120-b can communicate with each other via a first cell supported by satellite 120-b. For example, as referenced Figure 2 What is being explained Figure 4 The UE 115-c and satellite 120-b described in the text can communicate with each other via downlink transmission 205 and uplink transmission 210.

[0131] At 410, UE 115-c and satellite 120-b can perform a handover procedure to establish a communication link between the second cell supported by UE 115-c and satellite 120-b.

[0132] In 415, UE 115-c and satellite 120-b can communicate with each other via a second cell initially supported by satellite 120-b. Communication between the second cell of UE 115-c and satellite 120-b can be based at least in part on the execution of a handover procedure.

[0133] In 420, UE 115-b can switch to RRC idle operating mode. In some respects, UE 115-c can switch, and UE 115-b can switch to RRC idle operating mode to reduce power consumption. For example, after establishing a connection and communicating with satellite 120-b via a second cell, the second cell can release UE 115-c into RRC idle operating mode.

[0134] At 425, satellite 120-b can transmit control messages (e.g., system information, SIB messages) to UE 115-c. In some aspects, the control messages may include a first tracking area indicator associated with a first fixed earth tracking area (e.g., a first ground tracking area) and a second tracking area indicator associated with a second fixed earth tracking area (e.g., a second ground tracking area). For example, satellite 120-b can transmit an SIB message associated with a second cell to UE 115-c, wherein the SIB message includes a tracking area indicator associated with the first fixed earth tracking area and a second tracking area indicator associated with the second fixed earth tracking area.

[0135] At 430, UE 115-c can determine the first and second fixed tracking areas for the second cellular service. In some aspects, UE 115-c can be configured to determine the first and second fixed tracking areas for the second cellular service based on control messages (e.g., system information) received at 425. For example, UE 115-c can be configured to determine the first and second fixed tracking areas for the second cellular service based on SIB messages received from satellite 120-b, wherein the SIB messages include a first tracking area indicator associated with the first fixed tracking area and a second tracking area indicator associated with the second fixed tracking area.

[0136] In terms of additions or replacements, UE 115-c can be configured to determine the service areas of the second cell 310-b without receiving control messages (e.g., new SIB messages) associated with the second cell. For example, in some cases, UE 115-c can be pre-configured by dedicated RRC signaling so that it does not need to receive SIB messages associated with the second cell. For example, UE 115-c can receive RRC messages before determining the service areas of the second cell. In this example, UE 115-c can determine that it has a valid version of the SIB message associated with the second cell stored within UE 115-c, and therefore can determine the service areas of the second cell and the first fixed tracking area based on both the received RRC message and / or the valid version of the SIB message associated with the second cell.

[0137] In section 435, UE 115-c can monitor paging resources associated with a first fixed tracking area. In some aspects, UE 115-c can be configured to monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area, at least in part, based on UE 115-c determining the second fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area serving the second cell.

[0138] In some aspects, the first UE 115-c may use a P-RNTI associated with a given fixed Earth tracking area to monitor paging resources associated with that area. For example, in some aspects, satellite 120-b may transmit an SIB message associated with a second cell to the first UE 115-b. The SIB message may indicate a first P-RNTI associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area and a second P-RNTI associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area, wherein the second P-RNTI is different from the first P-RNTI. In this example, in a scenario where UE 115-c selects to monitor paging resources in the first fixed Earth tracking area, UE 115-c may be configured to use the first P-RNTI associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area to monitor paging resources associated with that area.

[0139] In cases where the corresponding cell associated with a control message (e.g., system information) received at 425 indicates that the cell is associated with a temporary tracking area indicator, UE 115-c may select which paging resources to monitor based on the validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator. Specifically, UE 115-c may select which paging resources to monitor based on whether the validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator meets a threshold validity period. In other cases, UE 115-c may select which paging resources to monitor based on boundary information associated with the corresponding fixed earth tracking area corresponding to the temporary tracking area indicator.

[0140] In addition or as an alternative, UE 115-c can be configured to monitor paging resources associated with a selected fixed Earth tracking area based on a DCI received from satellite 120-b. For example, satellite 120-b may transmit a DCI including an indication of whether a paging message is associated with a first fixed Earth tracking area, a second fixed Earth tracking area, or both. For instance, the DCI transmitted by satellite 120-b may include a first value indicating that the paging message is associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area, or a second value indicating that the paging message is associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area (e.g., an indication value "1" or "0", or vice versa). As another example, the DCI transmitted by satellite 120-b may include a first value indicating that the paging message is associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area 305-a, a second value indicating that the paging message is associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area, or a third value indicating that the paging message is associated with both the first and second fixed Earth tracking areas. In cases where UE 115-c has determined to monitor paging resources associated with the first Earth fixed tracking area, UE 115-c may monitor those selected paging resources at least in part based on instructions for paging messages received in the DCI.

[0141] As another example, satellite 120-b may transmit a first DCI including an indication that a first paging message is associated with a first fixed Earth tracking area, and may further transmit a second DCI including an indication that a second paging message is associated with a second fixed Earth tracking area. In this example, UE 115-c may monitor paging resources associated with a selected fixed Earth tracking area based at least in part on the first or second DCI received from satellite 120-b.

[0142] At 440, satellite 120-b can transmit paging messages associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area to UE 115-c. In some cases, UE 115-c can receive paging messages associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area, at least in part, based on UE 115-c monitoring paging resources associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area.

[0143] At 445, satellite 120-b can transmit paging messages associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area to UE 115-c. It should be noted that in some cases, UE 115-c can be configured to receive paging messages associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area, even though UE 115-c does not monitor paging resources associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area.

[0144] Figure 5A block diagram 500 of a device 505 supporting changes to the TAC of a wireless network according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Device 505 may be an example of various aspects of UE 115 as described herein. Device 505 may include a receiver 510, a communication manager 515, and a transmitter 520. Device 505 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0145] Receiver 510 can receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to changes in the TAC of the wireless network). This information can be transmitted to other components of device 505. Receiver 510 can be a reference... Figure 8 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 820 described. The receiver 510 may utilize a single antenna or an array of antennas.

[0146] The communication manager 515 can communicate with a first cell of the NTN to determine that the first cell serves a first fixed tracking area and a second fixed tracking area; and based on the determination that the first cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area, monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area. The communication manager 515 may be an example of various aspects of the communication manager 810 described herein.

[0147] The communication manager 515 or its sub-components may be implemented in hardware, code executed by a processor (e.g., software or firmware), or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functionality of the communication manager 515 or its sub-components may be performed by a general-purpose processor, digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described in this disclosure.

[0148] The communication manager 515 or its subcomponents may be physically located at various locations, including being distributed such that portions of the functionality are implemented by one or more physical components at different physical locations. In some examples, according to various aspects of this disclosure, the communication manager 515 or its subcomponents may be separate and distinct components. In some examples, according to various aspects of this disclosure, the communication manager 515 or its subcomponents may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to input / output (I / O) components, transceivers, network servers, another computing device, one or more other components described in this disclosure, or combinations thereof.

[0149] Transmitter 520 can transmit signals generated by other components of device 505. In some examples, transmitter 520 may coexist with receiver 510 in a transceiver module. For example, transmitter 520 may be a reference... Figure 8 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 820 described. The transmitter 520 may utilize a single antenna or an array of antennas.

[0150] Figure 6 A block diagram 600 of a device 605 supporting changes to the TAC of a wireless network according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Device 605 may be an example of various aspects of device 505 or UE 115 as described herein. Device 605 may include a receiver 610, a communication manager 615, and a transmitter 635. Device 605 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0151] Receiver 610 can receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to changes in the TAC of the NTN). The information can be transmitted to other components of device 605. Receiver 610 can be a reference... Figure 8 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 820 described. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or an array of antennas.

[0152] Communication manager 615 may be an example of aspects of communication manager 515 as described herein. Communication manager 615 may include communication manager 615, tracking area manager 620, paging manager 625, and paging resource receiver 630. Communication manager 615 may be an example of aspects of communication manager 810 as described herein.

[0153] The communication manager 615 can communicate with the first cell of the NTN. The tracking area manager 620 can determine that the first cell serves a first fixed tracking area and a second fixed tracking area. The paging resource receiver 630 can monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area based on the determination that the first cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area.

[0154] Transmitter 635 can transmit signals generated by other components of device 605. In some examples, transmitter 635 may coexist with receiver 610 in a transceiver module. For example, transmitter 635 may be a reference... Figure 8 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 820 described. The transmitter 635 may utilize a single antenna or an array of antennas.

[0155] Figure 7A block diagram 700 of a communication manager 705 supporting changes to the TAC of a wireless network according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. The communication manager 705 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 515, communication manager 615, or communication manager 810 described herein. The communication manager 705 may include a communication manager 710, a tracking area manager 715, a paging manager 720, a paging resource receiver 725, a location manager 730, an SIB receiver 735, an RRC receiver 740, a non-access tier manager 745, a handover manager 750, and a DCI receiver 755. Each of these modules may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0156] The communication manager 710 can communicate with the first cell of the NTN. The tracking area manager 715 can determine that the first cell serves a first fixed tracking area and a second fixed tracking area. In some examples, the communication manager 710 can determine that the UE is associated with the first fixed tracking area before the first cell serves both the first and second fixed tracking areas, wherein determining to monitor the paging resource associated with the first fixed tracking area is based on determining that the UE is associated with the first fixed tracking area. In some examples, the communication manager 710 can communicate with the second cell of the NTN before communicating with the first cell of the NTN.

[0157] In some examples, the tracking area manager 715 may identify the validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator based on receiving a system information broadcast message. In some examples, the tracking area manager 715 may remove the temporary tracking area indicator from the UE's tracking area indicator list when the validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator expires. In some examples, the tracking area manager 715 may store both the tracking area indicator and the temporary tracking area indicator in the UE's tracking area indicator list based on receiving a system information broadcast message, wherein removing the temporary tracking area indicator from the tracking area indicator list is based on storing both the tracking area indicator and the temporary tracking area indicator in the tracking area indicator list.

[0158] In some examples, the tracking area manager 715 may determine that a tracking area indicator included in the control message is associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area, and that a temporary tracking area indicator included in the control message is associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area of ​​the NTN. In some examples, the tracking area manager 715 may determine that a tracking area indicator included in the control message is associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area of ​​the NTN, and that a temporary tracking area indicator included in the control message is associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area.

[0159] The paging manager 720 may determine, based on determining that the first cellular cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area, to determine the paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area to monitor. In some examples, the paging manager 720 may determine paging messages for the first fixed tracking area based on whether the first fixed tracking area is indicated in a tracking area indicator or a temporary tracking area indicator in a system information broadcast message, wherein monitoring paging resources for the first fixed tracking area is based on determining the paging message.

[0160] The paging resource receiver 725 can monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area based on determining that it needs to monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area. In some examples, the paging resource receiver 725 can use a first P-RNTI, different from a second P-RNTI associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area, to monitor paging messages associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area. In some examples, the paging resource receiver 725 can use the P-RNTI associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area to monitor paging messages associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area.

[0161] The location manager 730 can determine the fixed Earth location of the UE. In some examples, the location manager 730 can determine that the UE is located within a first fixed Earth tracking area based on the determined fixed Earth location, wherein determining to monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area is based on determining that the UE is located within the first fixed Earth tracking area.

[0162] SIB receiver 735 can receive a system information broadcast message associated with a first cell. This system information broadcast message includes a tracking area indicator for a first fixed earth tracking area and a temporary tracking area indicator for a second fixed earth tracking area. The determination of the first cell serving the first and second fixed earth tracking areas is based on receiving the system information broadcast message. In some examples, SIB receiver 735 can receive the system information broadcast message associated with the first cell, indicating a P-RNTI associated with the first fixed earth tracking area and a temporary P-RNTI associated with the second fixed earth tracking area.

[0163] RRC receiver 740 can receive a radio resource control message that instructs the UE to monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area before determining that the first cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area, wherein the determination to monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area is based on receiving the radio resource control message.

[0164] The Non-Access Stratum Manager 745 may report a first fixed tracking area and a second fixed tracking area to the UE's Non-Access Stratum, wherein determining the first and second fixed tracking areas for the first cell service is based on receiving a System Information Broadcast message, which includes a first tracking area indicator associated with the first fixed tracking area and a second tracking area indicator associated with the second fixed tracking area. In some examples, the Non-Access Stratum Manager 745 may determine whether to perform a registration update based on the first and second tracking area indicators.

[0165] The handover manager 750 can execute a handover procedure to establish a communication link with a first cell, wherein communication with the first cell is based on the execution of the handover procedure.

[0166] DCI receiver 755 can receive a DCI that includes an indication of whether a paging message is associated with a first fixed earth tracking area or a second fixed earth tracking area, wherein monitoring of paging resources associated with the first fixed earth tracking area is based on receiving a DCI that includes this indication. In some examples, DCI receiver 755 can receive a DCI that includes an indication that a first paging message is associated with the first fixed earth tracking area and a second paging message is associated with the second fixed earth tracking area. In some cases, the DCI includes a first value indicating that the paging message is associated with the first fixed earth tracking area, or a second value indicating that the paging message is associated with the second fixed earth tracking area. In some examples, the DCI receiver 755 may receive a DCI that includes a first value indicating that the paging message is associated with the first fixed earth tracking area 305-a, a second value indicating that the paging message is associated with the second fixed earth tracking area 305-b, or a third value indicating that the paging message is associated with both the first fixed earth tracking area 305-a and the second fixed earth tracking area 305-b.

[0167] Figure 8A diagram of a system 800 including a device 805 supporting a TAC (Transmitter Acquisition Code) for wireless networks, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Device 805 may be an example of device 505, device 605, or UE 115 as described herein, or a component including such devices. Device 805 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communication, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a communication manager 810, an I / O controller 815, a transceiver 820, an antenna 825, a memory 830, and a processor 840. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 845).

[0168] The communication manager 810 can communicate with a first cell of the NTN; determine that the first cell serves a first fixed tracking area and a second fixed tracking area; determine, based on the determination that the first cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area, to monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area; and monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area based on the determination that paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area are to be monitored.

[0169] The I / O controller 815 manages the input and output signals of the device 805. The I / O controller 815 can also manage peripheral devices not integrated into the device 805. In some cases, the I / O controller 815 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, the I / O controller 815 may utilize an operating system, such as... Or another known operating system. In other cases, the I / O controller 815 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, or similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 815 may be implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 805 via the I / O controller 815 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 815.

[0170] Transceiver 820 can communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas, wired or wireless links, as described above. For example, transceiver 820 can represent a wireless transceiver and can communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 820 may also include a modem to modulate packets and provide the modulated packets to the antenna for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antenna.

[0171] In some cases, a wireless device may include a single antenna 825. However, in other cases, the device may have more than one antenna 825, which may be able to transmit or receive multiple wireless transmissions concurrently.

[0172] Memory 830 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). Memory 830 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 835, including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform the various functions described herein. In some cases, memory 830 may particularly include a basic I / O system (BIOS) that controls basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0173] Processor 840 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, CPUs, microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 840 may be configured to use a memory controller to operate a memory array. In other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 840. Processor 840 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., memory 830) to cause device 805 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting changes to the TAC of the NTN).

[0174] Code 835 may include instructions for implementing various aspects of this disclosure, including instructions for supporting wireless communication. Code 835 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as system memory or other types of memory. In some cases, code 835 may not be directly executed by processor 840, but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein.

[0175] Figure 9 A block diagram 900 of a device 905 supporting a change in a TAC for a wireless network according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Device 905 may be an example of various aspects of base station 105 as described herein. Device 905 may include a receiver 910, a communication manager 915, and a transmitter 920. Device 905 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0176] Receiver 910 can receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to changes in the TAC of the NTN). This information can be transmitted to other components of device 905. Receiver 910 can be a reference... Figure 12 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 1220 described. The receiver 910 may utilize a single antenna or an array of antennas.

[0177] The communication manager 915 can communicate with the UE via a first cell of the NTN, determine that the first cell serves a first fixed tracking area and a second fixed tracking area; and, based on the determination that the first cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area, transmit one or more first paging messages associated with the first fixed tracking area and one or more second paging messages associated with the second fixed tracking area. The communication manager 915 can be an example of various aspects of the communication manager 1210 described herein.

[0178] The communication manager 915 or its sub-components may be implemented in hardware, code executed by a processor (e.g., software or firmware), or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functionality of the communication manager 915 or its sub-components may be performed by a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in this disclosure.

[0179] The communication manager 915 or its sub-components may be physically located at various locations, including being distributed such that portions of the functionality are implemented by one or more physical components at different physical locations. In some examples, according to various aspects of this disclosure, the communication manager 915 or its sub-components may be separate and distinct components. In some examples, according to various aspects of this disclosure, the communication manager 915 or its sub-components may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to input / output (I / O) components, transceivers, network servers, another computing device, one or more other components described in this disclosure, or combinations thereof.

[0180] Transmitter 920 can transmit signals generated by other components of device 905. In some examples, transmitter 920 may coexist with receiver 910 in a transceiver module. For example, transmitter 920 may be a reference... Figure 12 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 1220 described. The transmitter 920 may utilize a single antenna or an array of antennas.

[0181] Figure 10 A block diagram 1000 of a device 1005 supporting changes to the TAC of a wireless network according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Device 1005 may be an example of aspects of device 905 or base station 105 as described herein. Device 1005 may include a receiver 1010, a communication manager 1015, and a transmitter 1030. Device 1005 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0182] Receiver 1010 can receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to changes in the TAC of the NTN). The information can be transmitted to other components of device 1005. Receiver 1010 can be a reference... Figure 12 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 1220 described herein. The receiver 1010 may utilize a single antenna or an array of antennas.

[0183] Communication manager 1015 may be an example of aspects of communication manager 915 as described herein. Communication manager 1015 may include communication manager 1015, tracking area manager 1020, and paging resource transmitter 1025. Communication manager 1015 may be an example of aspects of communication manager 1210 as described herein.

[0184] The communication manager 1015 can communicate with the UE via the first cell of the NTN.

[0185] The tracking area manager 1020 can determine the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area of ​​the first cell service.

[0186] The paging resource transmitter 1025 can transmit one or more first paging messages associated with the first fixed tracking area and one or more second paging messages associated with the second fixed tracking area based on determining that the first cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area.

[0187] Transmitter 1030 can transmit signals generated by other components of device 1005. In some examples, transmitter 1030 may coexist with receiver 1010 in a transceiver module. For example, transmitter 1030 may be a reference... Figure 12 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 1220 described. The transmitter 1030 may utilize a single antenna or an array of antennas.

[0188] Figure 11 A block diagram 1100 of a communication manager 1105 supporting changes to the TAC of a wireless network according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. The communication manager 1105 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 915, communication manager 1015, or communication manager 1210 described herein. The communication manager 1105 may include a communication manager 1110, a tracking area manager 1115, a paging resource transmitter 1120, an SIB transmitter 1125, an RRC transmitter 1130, a DCI transmitter 1135, and a switching manager 1140. Each of these modules may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0189] The communication manager 1110 can communicate with the UE via the first cell of the NTN.

[0190] In some examples, the communication manager 1110 may transmit control messages that include a tracking area indicator associated with a first fixed Earth tracking area and a temporary tracking area indicator associated with a second fixed Earth tracking area.

[0191] In some examples, the communication manager 1110 may transmit control messages that include a tracking area indicator associated with a second fixed tracking area and a temporary tracking area indicator associated with a first fixed tracking area.

[0192] In some examples, the communication manager 1110 may communicate with the UE via a second cell of the NTN before communicating with the UE via a first cell of the NTN.

[0193] Tracking Area Manager 1115 can determine the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area of ​​the first cell service.

[0194] In some examples, the tracking area manager 1115 may transmit the validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator to the UE, wherein the transmission of the validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator is based on transmitting a system information broadcast message.

[0195] The paging resource transmitter 1120 can transmit one or more first paging messages associated with the first fixed tracking area and one or more second paging messages associated with the second fixed tracking area based on determining that the first cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area.

[0196] In some examples, the paging resource transmitter 1120 may use a first P-RNTI, different from the second P-RNTI associated with the second Earth fixed tracking area, to transmit a paging message associated with the first Earth fixed tracking area during the paging period.

[0197] SIB transmitter 1125 can transmit a system information broadcast message associated with a first cell, the system information broadcast message including a tracking area indicator for a first fixed earth tracking area and a temporary tracking area indicator for a second fixed earth tracking area, wherein transmitting the system information broadcast message including the tracking area indicator for the first fixed earth tracking area and the temporary tracking area indicator for the second fixed earth tracking area is based on determining that the first cell serves the first fixed earth tracking area and the second fixed earth tracking area.

[0198] In some examples, after the validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator has expired, the SIB transmitter 1125 may transmit a second system information broadcast message associated with the first cell, the second system information broadcast message including a tracking area indicator for the first fixed earth tracking area. In some examples, the SIB transmitter 1125 may transmit a system information broadcast message associated with the first cell, the system information broadcast message indicating a P-RNTI associated with the first fixed earth tracking area and a temporary P-RNTI associated with the second fixed earth tracking area.

[0199] RRC transmitter 1130 can transmit radio resource control messages that instruct the UE to monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area before determining that the first cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area.

[0200] DCI transmitter 1135 can transmit a DCI including an indication of whether a paging message is associated with a first fixed Earth tracking area or a second fixed Earth tracking area. In some examples, DCI transmitter 1135 can transmit a DCI including an indication that a first paging message is associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area and a second paging message is associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area. In some cases, the DCI includes a first value indicating that the paging message is associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area, or a second value indicating that the paging message is associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area.

[0201] The handover manager 1140 can execute a handover procedure to establish a communication link with the UE via a first cell, wherein the communication with the UE via the first cell is based on the execution of the handover procedure.

[0202] Figure 12 A diagram of a system 1200 including a modified device 1205 supporting a wireless network TAC is shown according to various aspects of this disclosure. Device 1205 may be an example of device 905, device 1005, or base station 105 as described herein, or a component including the aforementioned devices. Device 1205 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communication, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a communication manager 1210, a network communication manager 1215, a transceiver 1220, an antenna 1225, a memory 1230, a processor 1240, and an inter-station communication manager 1245. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1250).

[0203] The communication manager 1210 can communicate with the UE via a first cell of the NTN; determine that the first cell serves a first fixed tracking area and a second fixed tracking area; and based on the determination that the first cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area, transmit one or more first paging messages associated with the first fixed tracking area and one or more second paging messages associated with the second fixed tracking area.

[0204] The network communication manager 1215 can manage communication with the core network (e.g., via one or more wired backhaul links). For example, the network communication manager 1215 can manage the delivery of data communication by client devices (such as one or more UEs 115).

[0205] Transceiver 1220 can communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas, wired or wireless links, as described above. For example, transceiver 1220 can represent a wireless transceiver and can communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 1220 may also include a modem to modulate packets and provide the modulated packets to the antenna for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antenna.

[0206] In some cases, the wireless device may include a single antenna 1225. However, in other cases, the device may have more than one antenna 1225, which may be able to transmit or receive multiple wireless transmissions concurrently.

[0207] Memory 1230 may include RAM, ROM, or a combination thereof. Memory 1230 may store computer-readable code 1235 including instructions that, when executed by a processor (e.g., processor 1240), cause the device to perform the various functions described herein. In some cases, memory 1230 may, in particular, include a BIOS that controls basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0208] Processor 1240 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, CPUs, microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 1240 may be configured to use a memory controller to operate a memory array. In some cases, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 1240. Processor 1240 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., memory 1230) to cause device 1205 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting changes in TAC of a wireless network).

[0209] Inter-site communication manager 1245 manages communication with other base stations 105 and may include a controller or scheduler for cooperating with other base stations 105 to control communication with UE 115. For example, inter-site communication manager 1245 may coordinate the scheduling of transmissions to UE 115 for various interference mitigation techniques, such as beamforming or joint transmission. In some examples, inter-site communication manager 1245 may provide an X2 interface within LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to facilitate communication between base stations 105.

[0210] Code 1235 may include instructions for implementing various aspects of this disclosure, including instructions for supporting wireless communication. Code 1235 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as system memory or other types of memory. In some cases, code 1235 may not be directly executed by processor 1240, but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein.

[0211] Figure 13 A flowchart illustrating a method 1300 for changing the TAC of a supporting wireless network according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 1300 can be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1300 can be implemented by, as referred to... Figures 5 to 8 The described communication manager is used to perform this function. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Alternatively or alternatively, the UE can use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the following functions.

[0212] At 1305, the UE can receive system information including indications regarding the association of a first cell of the NTN with a first tracking area indicator and a second tracking area indicator. Operation of 1305 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1305 can be determined by reference to... Figures 5 to 8 The described communication manager is used to execute this.

[0213] In 1310, the UE can determine, based on system information, the first fixed tracking area associated with the first cell service and the second fixed tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator. The operation of 1310 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1310 can be determined by referring to... Figures 5 to 8 The described tracking region manager is used to perform this.

[0214] In 1315, the UE can monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area based on determining that the first cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area. The operation of 1315 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1315 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 5 to 8 The described paging resource manager is used to execute.

[0215] Figure 14 A flowchart illustrating a method 1400 for changing the TAC of a supporting wireless network according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 1400 can be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1400 can be performed by, as described in reference... Figures 5 to 8 The described communication manager is used to perform this function. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Alternatively or alternatively, the UE can use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the following functions.

[0216] At 1405, the UE can receive system information including indications regarding the association of a first cell of the NTN with a first tracking area indicator and a second tracking area indicator. Operation of 1405 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1405 can be determined by reference to... Figures 5 to 8 The described communication manager is used to execute this.

[0217] At 1410, the UE can determine, based on system information, the first fixed tracking area associated with the first cell service and the second fixed tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator. The operation of 1410 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1410 can be determined by referring to... Figures 5 to 8 The described tracking region manager is used to perform this.

[0218] At 1415, the UE can determine its fixed Earth position. The operation of 1415 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1415 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 5 to 8 The location manager described is used to perform this.

[0219] At 1420, the UE can determine that it is within the first fixed Earth tracking area based on determining its fixed Earth position. The operation of 1420 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1420 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 5 to 8 The location manager described is used to perform this.

[0220] At 1425, the UE can monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed earth tracking area based on determining that the UE is located within the first fixed earth tracking area. The operation of 1425 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1430 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 5 to 8 The paging resource receiver described is used to perform this.

[0221] Figure 15 A flowchart illustrating a method 1500 for changing the TAC of a supporting wireless network according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 1500 can be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1500 can be implemented by, as referred to... Figures 5 to 8 The described communication manager is used to perform this function. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Alternatively or alternatively, the UE can use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the following functions.

[0222] At 1505, the UE can receive system information including indications regarding the association of a first cell of the NTN with a first tracking area indicator and a second tracking area indicator. Operation of 1505 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1505 can be determined by reference to... Figures 5 to 8 The described communication manager is used to execute this.

[0223] In 1510, the UE can determine, based on system information, the first fixed tracking area associated with the first cell service and the second fixed tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator. The operation of 1510 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1510 can be determined by referring to... Figures 5 to 8 The described tracking region manager is used to perform this.

[0224] In step 1515, the UE may determine that it is associated with the first fixed tracking area before the first cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area, wherein determining to monitor the paging resource associated with the first fixed tracking area is based on determining that the UE is associated with the first fixed tracking area. The operation of step 1515 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of step 1515 may be derived from, as referenced... Figures 5 to 8 The described communication manager is used to execute this.

[0225] At 1520, the UE can monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area based on determining that the UE is associated with the first fixed tracking area before the first cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area. The operation of 1525 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1525 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 5 to 8 The paging resource receiver described is used to perform this.

[0226] Figure 16 A flowchart illustrating a method 1600 for changing the TAC of a supporting wireless network according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 1600 can be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1600 can be implemented by, as referred to... Figures 5 to 8 The described communication manager is used to perform this function. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Alternatively or alternatively, the UE can use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the following functions.

[0227] At 1605, the UE may receive system information including indications regarding a first cell of the NTN and an association between a first tracking area indicator and a second tracking area indicator, wherein the second tracking area indicator includes a temporary tracking area indicator. Operation of 1605 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1605 may be derived from, as referenced... Figures 5 to 8 The described communication manager is used to execute this.

[0228] In 1610, the UE can determine, based on system information, a first fixed earth tracking area associated with the first cell service and a second fixed earth tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator. The operation of 1610 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1610 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 5 to 8 The SIB receiver described is used to perform this.

[0229] In step 1615, the UE can identify that the validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator is less than or equal to a threshold validity period. The operation of step 1615 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of step 1615 can be determined by reference to... Figures 5 to 8 The described tracking region manager is used to perform this.

[0230] In 1620, the UE can monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area based on determining that the first cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area, and based on the validity time being less than or equal to the threshold validity time. The operation of 1625 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1625 can be described as follows: Figures 5 to 8 The paging resource receiver described is used to perform this.

[0231] Figure 17 A flowchart illustrating method 1700 for changing the TAC of a supporting wireless network according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 1700 can be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1700 can be implemented by, as referred to... Figures 5 to 8 The described communication manager is used to perform this function. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Alternatively or alternatively, the UE can use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the following functions.

[0232] In 1705, the UE can communicate with the NTN's second cell before communicating with the NTN's first cell. The operation of 1705 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1705 can be determined by referring to... Figures 5 to 8 The described communication manager is used to execute this.

[0233] At 1710, the UE can execute a handover procedure to establish a communication link with the first cell. The operation of 1710 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1710 can be determined by referring to... Figures 5 to 8 The described switching manager is used to execute this.

[0234] At 1715, the UE may receive system information including indications regarding the association of a first cell with a first tracking area indicator and a second tracking area indicator, wherein receiving the system information is based on performing the handover procedure. The operation of 1715 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1715 may be determined by reference to... Figures 5 to 8 The described communication manager is used to execute this.

[0235] At 1720, the UE can determine, based on system information, the first fixed tracking area associated with the first cell service and the second fixed tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator. The operation of 1720 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1720 can be determined by referring to... Figures 5 to 8The described tracking region manager is used to perform this.

[0236] At 1725, the UE can monitor paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area based on determining that the first cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area. Operation at 1730 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of operation at 1730 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 5 to 8 The paging resource receiver described is used to perform this.

[0237] Figure 18 A flowchart illustrating a method 1800 for changing the TAC of a supporting wireless network according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 1800 may be implemented by a base station 105 or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1800 may be implemented by referring to... Figures 9 to 12 The described communication manager is used to perform this. In some examples, the base station can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the base station to perform the following functions. Additionally or alternatively, the base station may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the following functions.

[0238] At 1805, the base station can transmit system information to the UE including indications regarding the association of a first cell of the NTN with a first tracking area indicator and a second tracking area indicator. Operation of 1805 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1805 can be determined by reference to... Figures 9 to 12 The described communication manager is used to execute this.

[0239] In 1810, the base station can determine, based on system information, a first fixed earth tracking area associated with the first tracking area indicator and a second fixed earth tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator for the first cell service. The operation of 1810 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1810 can be determined by referring to... Figures 9 to 12 The described tracking region manager is used to perform this.

[0240] At 1815, the base station can, based on determining that the first cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area, transmit one or more first paging messages associated with the first fixed tracking area and one or more second paging messages associated with the second fixed tracking area. The operation of 1815 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1815 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 9 to 12 The paging resource transmitter described is used to perform this.

[0241] Figure 19A flowchart illustrating a method 1900 for changing a TAC (Transmission Control Account) supporting a wireless network according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 1900 may be implemented by a base station 105 or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1900 may be implemented by referring to... Figures 9 to 12 The described communication manager is used to perform this. In some examples, the base station can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the base station to perform the following functions. Additionally or alternatively, the base station may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the following functions.

[0242] At 1905, the base station may transmit to the UE system information including indications regarding the association of a first cell of the NTN with a first tracking area indicator and a second tracking area indicator, wherein one of the first tracking area indicator or the second tracking area indicator includes a temporary tracking area indicator. Operation of 1905 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1905 may be determined by reference to... Figures 9 to 12 The described communication manager is used to execute this.

[0243] In 1910, the base station can determine, based on system information, the first fixed earth tracking area associated with the first tracking area indicator and the second fixed earth tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator for the first cell service. Operation of 1910 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1910 can be determined by referring to... Figures 9 to 12 The described tracking region manager is used to perform this.

[0244] In 1915, the base station can transmit the validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator to the UE via system information. Operation of 1915 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1915 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 9 to 12 The described SIB transmitter is used to perform this.

[0245] In 1920, the base station can, based on determining that the first cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area, transmit one or more first paging messages associated with the first fixed tracking area and one or more second paging messages associated with the second fixed tracking area. Operation of 1920 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1920 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 9 to 12 The paging resource transmitter described is used to perform this.

[0246] Figure 20A flowchart illustrating a method 2000 for changing the TAC of a wireless network according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. The operation of method 2000 can be implemented by a base station 105 or its components as described herein. For example, the operation of method 2000 can be implemented by referring to... Figures 9 to 12 The described communication manager is used to perform this. In some examples, the base station can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the base station to perform the following functions. Additionally or alternatively, the base station may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the following functions.

[0247] In 2005, the base station can communicate with the UE via a second cell of the NTN before communicating with the UE via a first cell of the NTN. Operation of 2005 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 2005 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 9 to 12 The described communication manager is used to execute this.

[0248] In 2010, the base station can execute a handover procedure to establish a communication link with the UE via a first cell. The operation of 2010 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 2010 can be determined by referring to... Figures 9 to 12 The described switching manager is used to execute this.

[0249] In 2015, the base station can transmit system information including indications regarding the association of a first cell with a first tracking area indicator and a second tracking area indicator, wherein the system information is transmitted based on the execution of the handover procedure. Operation in 2015 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of operation in 2015 can be determined by referring to... Figures 9 to 12 The described communication manager is used to execute this.

[0250] In 2020, the base station can determine, based on system information, a first fixed earth tracking area associated with the first tracking area indicator and a second fixed earth tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator for the first cell service. Operation in 2020 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of operation in 2020 can be determined by referring to... Figures 9 to 12 The described tracking region manager is used to perform this.

[0251] In 2025, the base station may, based on determining that the first cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area, transmit one or more first paging messages associated with the first fixed tracking area and one or more second paging messages associated with the second fixed tracking area. Operation of 2025 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 2025 may be determined by reference to... Figures 9 to 12 The paging resource transmitter described is used to perform this.

[0252] It should be noted that the methods described in this paper describe possible implementations, and the operations and steps can be rearranged or otherwise modified, and other implementations are also possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more methods can be combined.

[0253] The following provides an overview of the various aspects of this disclosure:

[0254] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a UE, comprising: receiving system information including indications regarding a first cell of an NTN associated with a first tracking area indicator and a second tracking area indicator; determining, at least in part, a first fixed earth tracking area associated with the first tracking area indicator and a second fixed earth tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator based on the system information; and monitoring paging resources associated with the first fixed earth tracking area based at least in part on the determination of the first fixed earth tracking area and the second fixed earth tracking area of ​​the first cell.

[0255] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1 further includes: determining the ground location of the UE; and determining that the UE is located within the first fixed earth tracking area based at least in part on determining the ground location of the UE, wherein monitoring the paging resources associated with the first fixed earth tracking area is based at least in part on determining that the UE is located within the first fixed earth tracking area.

[0256] Aspect 3: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 2 further includes: determining that the UE is associated with the first fixed tracking area before the first cell serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area, wherein monitoring the paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area is based at least in part on determining that the UE is associated with the first fixed tracking area.

[0257] Aspect 4: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein one of the first tracking region indicator or the second tracking region indicator includes a temporary tracking region indicator or a shorter validity indicator.

[0258] Aspect 5: The method of aspect 4 further includes: determining a paging message for the first fixed Earth tracking area based at least in part on whether the first fixed Earth tracking area includes the temporary tracking area indicator, wherein monitoring the paging resources of the first fixed Earth tracking area is based at least in part on determining the paging message.

[0259] Aspect 6: The method of any one of Aspects 4 to 5, wherein the second fixed Earth tracking area includes the temporary tracking area indicator, the method further comprising: identifying an validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator that is less than or equal to a threshold validity period, wherein monitoring the paging resources associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area is based at least in part on the validity period being less than or equal to the threshold validity period.

[0260] Aspect 7: The method of any one of Aspects 4 to 6 further includes: receiving, via the system information, an indication of boundary information relating to a fixed Earth tracking area associated with the temporary tracking area indicator, wherein monitoring of the paging resources associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area is based at least in part on the boundary information.

[0261] Aspect 8: The method of any one of Aspects 4 to 7 further includes: receiving a MIB message including one or more fields associated with a temporary tracking area indicator, wherein the one or more fields indicate whether the system information includes data associated with the temporary tracking area indicator.

[0262] Aspect 9: The method of any one of Aspects 4 to 8 further includes: identifying a validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator based at least in part on receiving the system information; and removing the temporary tracking area indicator from the tracking area indicator list of the UE when the validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator expires.

[0263] Aspect 10: The method of aspect 9 further includes: storing the temporary tracking region indicator and one of the first tracking region indicator or the second tracking region indicator in the tracking region indicator list of the UE, at least in part based on receiving the system information, wherein removing the temporary tracking region indicator from the tracking region indicator list is at least in part based on storing the temporary tracking region indicator and one of the first tracking region indicator or the second tracking region indicator in the tracking region indicator list.

[0264] Aspect 11: The method of any one of Aspects 4 to 10, wherein the second tracking area indicator includes the temporary tracking area indicator, the method further comprising: identifying the UE as associated with a first cell serving the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area; and identifying the UE as associated with the first fixed tracking area based at least in part on identifying the UE as associated with the first cell, wherein monitoring the paging resources is based at least in part on determining that the UE is associated with the first fixed tracking area.

[0265] Aspect 12: The method of any one of Aspects 4 to 11, wherein the second tracking area indicator includes the temporary tracking area indicator, the method further comprising: identifying that the UE is not associated with a first cell serving the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area; and identifying that the UE is associated with the first fixed tracking area based at least in part on identifying that the UE is not associated with the first cell, wherein monitoring the paging resources is based at least in part on determining that the UE is associated with the first fixed tracking area.

[0266] Aspect 13: The method of aspect 12 further includes: determining whether to perform a registration update based at least in part on the first tracking region indicator and the second tracking region indicator.

[0267] Aspect 14: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 13, wherein the first tracking region indicator is indicated via a first tracking region indicator field of the system information, and the second tracking region indicator is indicated via a second tracking region indicator field of the system information.

[0268] Aspect 15: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 14, wherein determining the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area of ​​the first cell service comprises: determining that a tracking area indicator included in a control message is associated with the first fixed tracking area, and that a temporary tracking area indicator included in the control message is associated with the second fixed tracking area of ​​the NTN.

[0269] Aspect 16: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 15 further includes: reporting the first Earth Fixed Tracking Area and the second Earth Fixed Tracking Area to the non-access layer of the UE.

[0270] Aspect 17: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 16, wherein monitoring the paging resources associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area comprises: monitoring paging messages associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area using a first P-RNTI that is different from a second P-RNTI associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area.

[0271] Aspect 18: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 17 further includes: receiving an SIB message associated with the first cell, the SIB message indicating a P-RNTI associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area and a provisional P-RNTI associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area; and using the P-RNTI associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area to monitor paging messages associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area.

[0272] Aspect 19: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 18 further includes: receiving a DCI, the DCI including an indication of whether a paging message is associated with a first fixed Earth tracking area or a second fixed Earth tracking area, wherein monitoring of the paging resource associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area is based at least in part on receiving the DCI.

[0273] Aspect 20: The method of aspect 19, wherein the DCI includes a first value indicating that the paging message is associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area, or a second value indicating that the paging message is associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area.

[0274] Aspect 21: The method of any one of Aspects 19 to 20 further includes: determining, at least in part, based on receiving the DCI, that a first paging message is associated with a first fixed Earth tracking area and a second paging message is associated with a second fixed Earth tracking area.

[0275] Aspect 22: The method of any one of Aspects 19 to 21, wherein the DCI includes a first value indicating that the paging message is associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area, a second value indicating that the paging message is associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area, or a third value indicating that the paging message is associated with both the first fixed Earth tracking area and the second fixed Earth tracking area.

[0276] Aspect 23: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 22 further includes: determining that the paging resource associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area and the second paging resource associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area are the same.

[0277] Aspect 24: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 23 further includes: selecting to communicate with the first cell of the NTN, wherein monitoring the paging resources associated with the first Earth fixed tracking area is based at least in part on selecting to communicate with the first cell.

[0278] Aspect 25: A method of wireless communication at a base station, comprising: transmitting to a UE system information including indications of a first cell of an NTN associated with a first tracking area indicator and a second tracking area indicator; determining, at least in part, a first fixed earth tracking area associated with the first tracking area indicator and a second fixed earth tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator based on the system information; and transmitting, at least in part, one or more first paging messages associated with the first fixed earth tracking area and one or more second paging messages associated with the second fixed earth tracking area based on the determination of the first fixed earth tracking area and the second fixed earth tracking area of ​​the first cell.

[0279] Aspect 26: The method of aspect 25, wherein one of the first tracking region indicator or the second tracking region indicator includes a temporary tracking region indicator or a shorter validity indicator.

[0280] Aspect 27: The method of aspect 26 further includes: transmitting, via the system information, an validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator to the UE.

[0281] Aspect 28: The method of any one of Aspects 26 to 27, wherein the second fixed Earth tracking area includes the temporary tracking area indicator, the method further comprising: identifying a validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator that is less than or equal to a threshold validity period, wherein the transmission of the one or more first paging messages is based at least in part on the validity period being less than or equal to the threshold validity period.

[0282] Aspect 29: An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method as described in any of aspects 1 to 24.

[0283] Aspect 30: An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, comprising at least one means for performing the method as described in any of aspects 1 to 24.

[0284] Aspect 31: A non-transient computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform the methods described in any of aspects 1 to 24.

[0285] Aspect 32: An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station, comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method as described in any of aspects 25 to 28.

[0286] Aspect 33: An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station, comprising at least one means for performing the method as described in any of aspects 25 to 28.

[0287] Aspect 34: A non-transient computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a base station, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform methods as described in any of Aspects 25 to 28.

[0288] While aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for illustrative purposes, and the terms LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR may be used in most of the description, the techniques described herein can also be applied to networks other than LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques can be applied to a variety of other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0289] The information and signals described herein can be represented using any of a wide variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout this description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or light particles, or any combination thereof.

[0290] The various illustrative boxes and components described herein can be implemented or executed using a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in alternatives, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors working in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0291] The functions described herein can be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions can be stored or transmitted as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations fall within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwired, or any combination thereof. Features implementing the functions can also be physically located in various locations, including being distributed such that different parts of the function are implemented at different physical locations.

[0292] Computer-readable media includes both non-transient computer storage media and communication media, encompassing any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. Non-transient storage media can be any available medium accessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example and not limitation, non-transient computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transient medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and is accessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Similarly, any connection is also legitimately referred to as computer-readable media. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then that coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable media. As used in this article, "disk" and "disc" include CDs, laser discs, optical discs, DVDs, floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs, where disks often magnetically reproduce data and discs optically reproduce data using lasers. Combinations of these media are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0293] As used herein (including in the claims), the word "or" in an enumeration of items (e.g., an enumeration of items accompanied by phrases such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive enumeration, such that an enumeration of at least one of, for example, A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Similarly, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" may be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "at least partially based on".

[0294] In the accompanying drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference numerals. Furthermore, components of the same type may be distinguished by a dash following the reference numeral and a second reference numeral used to differentiate between similar components. If only the first reference numeral is used in the description, the description may apply to any of the similar components having the same first reference numeral, regardless of the second reference numeral or other subsequent reference numerals.

[0295] This document, illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes exemplary configurations but does not represent all examples that can be implemented or fall within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration" and does not imply "superior" or "outperforming" other examples. This detailed description includes specific details to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0296] The description provided herein is intended to enable those skilled in the art to make or use this disclosure. Various modifications to this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the universal principles defined herein can be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for conducting wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: Receive system information including indications relating a first cell of a non-terrestrial network to a first tracking area indicator and a second tracking area indicator; The system information is used to determine, at least in part, the first fixed Earth tracking area associated with the first tracking area indicator and the second fixed Earth tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator; The selection of paging resources to be monitored in connection with the first fixed tracking area is based at least in part on determining the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area served by the first cell. as well as Monitor selected paging resources associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: Determine the ground location of the UE; as well as The determination that the UE is located within the first fixed earth tracking area is based at least in part on determining the UE's ground location, wherein monitoring the paging resources associated with the first fixed earth tracking area is based at least in part on determining that the UE is located within the first fixed earth tracking area.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: Before the first cellular service serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area, it is determined that the UE is associated with the first fixed tracking area, wherein monitoring the paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area is based at least in part on determining that the UE is associated with the first fixed tracking area.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein one of the first tracking region indicator or the second tracking region indicator includes a temporary tracking region indicator or a short validity indicator.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: The paging message for the first fixed Earth tracking area is determined at least in part based on whether the first fixed Earth tracking area includes the temporary tracking area indicator, wherein monitoring the paging resources of the first fixed Earth tracking area is at least in part based on determining the paging message.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the second fixed Earth tracking area includes the temporary tracking area indicator, the method further comprising: The validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator is less than or equal to a threshold validity period, wherein monitoring of the paging resources associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area is based at least in part on the validity period being less than or equal to the threshold validity period.

7. The method of claim 4, further comprising: The system receives instructions regarding boundary information of a fixed Earth tracking area associated with the temporary tracking area indicator, wherein monitoring of the paging resources associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area is based at least in part on the boundary information.

8. The method of claim 4, further comprising: Receive a main information block message that includes one or more fields associated with a temporary tracking area indicator, wherein the one or more fields indicate whether the system information includes data associated with the temporary tracking area indicator.

9. The method of claim 4, further comprising: The validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator is identified at least in part based on the received system information; as well as The temporary tracking region indicator is removed from the UE's tracking region indicator list when the validity period associated with the temporary tracking region indicator expires.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: The temporary tracking region indicator and one of the first tracking region indicator or the second tracking region indicator are stored in the tracking region indicator list of the UE, at least in part based on receiving the system information, wherein the removal of the temporary tracking region indicator from the tracking region indicator list is at least in part based on storing the temporary tracking region indicator and one of the first tracking region indicator or the second tracking region indicator in the tracking region indicator list.

11. The method of claim 4, wherein the second tracking region indicator includes the temporary tracking region indicator, the method further comprising: The UE is associated with the first cell serving the first Earth fixed tracking area and the second Earth fixed tracking area; as well as The UE is identified as associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area based at least in part on identifying that the UE is associated with the first cell, wherein monitoring the paging resources is based at least in part on determining that the UE is associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area.

12. The method of claim 4, wherein the second tracking region indicator includes the temporary tracking region indicator, the method further comprising: The UE is identified as not being associated with the first cell serving the first Earth fixed tracking area and the second Earth fixed tracking area; as well as The UE is identified as associated with the first fixed earth tracking area based at least in part on identifying that the UE is not associated with the first cell, wherein monitoring the paging resources is based at least in part on determining that the UE is associated with the first fixed earth tracking area.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein: The first tracking region indicator is indicated via the first tracking region indicator field of the system information, and The second tracking region indicator is indicated via the second tracking region indicator field of the system information.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the first cellular service area for the first fixed tracking region and the second fixed tracking region comprises: The tracking area indicator included in the control message is associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area, and the temporary tracking area indicator included in the control message is associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area of ​​the non-terrestrial network.

15. The method of claim 1, further comprising: The first Earth fixed tracking area and the second Earth fixed tracking area are reported to the non-access layer of the UE.

16. The method of claim 12, further comprising: Whether to perform a registration update is determined at least in part based on the first tracking region indicator and the second tracking region indicator.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the paging resources associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area comprises: Use a first paging radio network temporary identifier, which is different from the second paging radio network temporary identifier associated with the second fixed earth tracking area, to monitor paging messages associated with the first fixed earth tracking area.

18. The method of claim 1, further comprising: Receive a system information broadcast message associated with the first cell, the system information broadcast message indicating a temporary paging radio network identifier associated with the first fixed earth tracking area and a temporary paging radio network identifier associated with the second fixed earth tracking area; and The paging radio network temporary identifier associated with the first fixed earth tracking area is used to monitor paging messages associated with the first fixed earth tracking area.

19. The method of claim 1, further comprising: Receive downlink control information, the downlink control information including an indication of whether a paging message is associated with a first fixed Earth tracking area or a second fixed Earth tracking area, wherein monitoring of the paging resources associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area is based at least in part on receiving the downlink control information.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the downlink control information includes a first value indicating that the paging message is associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area, or a second value indicating that the paging message is associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area.

21. The method of claim 19, further comprising: The first paging message is associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area and the second paging message is associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area, at least in part based on the receipt of the downlink control information.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the downlink control information includes a first value indicating that the paging message is associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area, a second value indicating that the paging message is associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area, or a third value indicating that the paging message is associated with both the first fixed Earth tracking area and the second fixed Earth tracking area.

23. The method of claim 1, further comprising: It was determined that the paging resource associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area and the second paging resource associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area are the same.

24. The method of claim 1, further comprising: The selection to communicate with the first cell of the non-terrestrial network, wherein monitoring of the paging resources associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area is based at least in part on the selection to communicate with the first cell.

25. A method for wireless communication at a network node, comprising: Transmit system information including indications relating a first cell of a non-terrestrial network to a first tracking area indicator and a second tracking area indicator; The system information is used to determine, at least in part, the first fixed Earth tracking area associated with the first tracking area indicator and the second fixed Earth tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator; as well as The transmission of one or more first paging messages associated with the first fixed tracking area and one or more second paging messages associated with the second fixed tracking area is based at least in part on determining the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area served by the first cellular cell.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein one of the first tracking region indicator or the second tracking region indicator comprises a temporary tracking region indicator or a short validity indicator.

27. The method of claim 26, further comprising: The validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator is transmitted via the system information.

28. The method of claim 26, wherein the second fixed Earth tracking area includes the temporary tracking area indicator, the method further comprising: The validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator is less than or equal to a threshold validity period, wherein the transmission of the one or more first paging messages is based at least in part on the validity period being less than or equal to the threshold validity period.

29. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: At least one processor; Memory; as well as Instructions stored in the memory and executable by the at least one processor, the instructions causing the device to: Communicating with the first cellular cell of a non-terrestrial network; Determine the first fixed Earth tracking area associated with the first cellular service and the second fixed Earth tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator; The selection of paging resources to be monitored in connection with the first fixed tracking area is based at least in part on determining the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area served by the first cell. as well as Monitor selected paging resources associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: Determine the ground location of the UE; and The determination that the UE is located within the first fixed earth tracking area is based at least in part on determining the UE's ground location, wherein monitoring the paging resources associated with the first fixed earth tracking area is based at least in part on determining that the UE is located within the first fixed earth tracking area.

31. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: Before the first cellular service serves the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area, it is determined that the UE is associated with the first fixed tracking area, wherein monitoring the paging resources associated with the first fixed tracking area is based at least in part on determining that the UE is associated with the first fixed tracking area.

32. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein one of the first tracking region indicator or the second tracking region indicator comprises a temporary tracking region indicator or a short validity indicator.

33. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: The paging message for the first fixed Earth tracking area is determined at least in part based on whether the first fixed Earth tracking area includes the temporary tracking area indicator, wherein monitoring the paging resources of the first fixed Earth tracking area is at least in part based on determining the paging message.

34. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the second fixed Earth tracking region includes the temporary tracking region indicator, and the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: The validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator is less than or equal to a threshold validity period, wherein monitoring of the paging resources associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area is based at least in part on the validity period being less than or equal to the threshold validity period.

35. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: Instructions are received via system information regarding boundary information of a fixed Earth tracking area associated with the temporary tracking area indicator, wherein monitoring of the paging resources associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area is based at least in part on the boundary information.

36. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: Receive a main information block message that includes one or more fields associated with a temporary tracking area indicator, wherein the one or more fields indicate whether the system information includes data associated with the temporary tracking area indicator.

37. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: The validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator is identified at least in part based on the received system information; and The temporary tracking region indicator is removed from the UE's tracking region indicator list when the validity period associated with the temporary tracking region indicator expires.

38. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: The temporary tracking region indicator and one of the first tracking region indicator or the second tracking region indicator are stored in the tracking region indicator list of the UE, at least in part based on receiving the system information, wherein the removal of the temporary tracking region indicator from the tracking region indicator list is at least in part based on storing the temporary tracking region indicator and one of the first tracking region indicator or the second tracking region indicator in the tracking region indicator list.

39. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the second tracking region indicator includes the temporary tracking region indicator, and the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: The UE is associated with the first cell serving the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area; and The UE is identified as associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area based at least in part on identifying that the UE is associated with the first cell, wherein monitoring the paging resources is based at least in part on determining that the UE is associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area.

40. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the second tracking region indicator includes the temporary tracking region indicator, and the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: The UE is identified as not being associated with the first cell serving the first Earth fixed tracking area and the second Earth fixed tracking area; and The UE is identified as associated with the first fixed earth tracking area based at least in part on identifying that the UE is not associated with the first cell, wherein monitoring the paging resources is based at least in part on determining that the UE is associated with the first fixed earth tracking area.

41. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein: The first tracking region indicator is indicated via the first tracking region indicator field of the system information, and The second tracking region indicator is indicated via the second tracking region indicator field of the system information.

42. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein determining the first cellular service area for the first fixed-tracking region and the second fixed-tracking region comprises: The tracking area indicator included in the control message is associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area, and the temporary tracking area indicator included in the control message is associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area of ​​the non-terrestrial network.

43. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: The first Earth fixed tracking area and the second Earth fixed tracking area are reported to the non-access layer of the UE.

44. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: Whether to perform a registration update is determined at least in part based on the first tracking region indicator and the second tracking region indicator.

45. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein monitoring the paging resources associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area comprises: Use a first paging radio network temporary identifier, which is different from the second paging radio network temporary identifier associated with the second fixed earth tracking area, to monitor paging messages associated with the first fixed earth tracking area.

46. ​​The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: Receive a system information broadcast message associated with the first cell, the system information broadcast message indicating a temporary paging radio network identifier associated with the first fixed earth tracking area and a temporary paging radio network identifier associated with the second fixed earth tracking area; and The paging radio network temporary identifier associated with the first fixed earth tracking area is used to monitor paging messages associated with the first fixed earth tracking area.

47. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: Receive downlink control information, the downlink control information including an indication of whether a paging message is associated with a first fixed Earth tracking area or a second fixed Earth tracking area, wherein monitoring of the paging resources associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area is based at least in part on receiving the downlink control information.

48. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein the downlink control information includes a first value indicating that the paging message is associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area, or a second value indicating that the paging message is associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area.

49. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: The first paging message is associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area and the second paging message is associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area, at least in part based on the receipt of the downlink control information.

50. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein the downlink control information includes a first value indicating that the paging message is associated with a first fixed Earth tracking area, a second value indicating that the paging message is associated with a second fixed Earth tracking area, or a third value indicating that the paging message is associated with both the first fixed Earth tracking area and the second fixed Earth tracking area.

51. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: It was determined that the paging resource associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area and the second paging resource associated with the second fixed Earth tracking area are the same.

52. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: The selection to communicate with the first cell of the non-terrestrial network, wherein monitoring of the paging resources associated with the first fixed Earth tracking area is based at least in part on the selection to communicate with the first cell.

53. A network node, comprising: transceiver; At least one processor; Memory coupled to the at least one processor; as well as Instructions stored in the memory and executable by the at least one processor, the instructions causing the network node to: Communicating with the user equipment (UE) via the first cellular cell of a non-terrestrial network; Determine the first fixed Earth tracking area associated with the first cellular service and the second fixed Earth tracking area associated with the second tracking area indicator; as well as At least in part, based on determining the first fixed tracking area and the second fixed tracking area served by the first cellular cell, one or more first paging messages associated with the first fixed tracking area and one or more second paging messages associated with the second fixed tracking area are transmitted via the transceiver.

54. The network node of claim 53, wherein one of the first tracking region indicator or the second tracking region indicator includes a temporary tracking region indicator or a short validity indicator.

55. The network node of claim 54, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the network node to: The validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator is transmitted via the transceiver and via system information.

56. The network node of claim 54, wherein the second fixed Earth tracking region includes the temporary tracking region indicator, and the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the network node to: The validity period associated with the temporary tracking area indicator is less than or equal to a threshold validity period, wherein the transmission of the one or more first paging messages is based at least in part on the validity period being less than or equal to the threshold validity period.

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