A near-field air interface rapid measurement system and method for active array antenna patterns

Abstract

The present invention discloses a near-field air interface rapid measurement system and method for active array antenna patterns, which aims to improve the measurement speed of active array antenna patterns, shorten the measurement distance, and complete the measurement of active array antenna patterns without a turntable and fixed probe position. The system includes a mechanical adjustment device, an amplitude and phase test subsystem, a control subsystem, and a probe antenna. The method determines the placement of the antenna probe according to the array surface parameters; divides the unit antennas in the array into a certain number of antenna groups according to the array surface parameters and the probe position; establishes an amplitude and phase state table to be measured for the antenna group according to the beam group to be measured, and merges the repeated states; obtains a measured amplitude and phase excitation table through testing; calculates a normalized amplitude and phase excitation table for the antenna group according to the simulated and measured antenna group patterns from the measured amplitude and phase excitation table; calculates the array beam pattern to be measured through the simulated and measured antenna group patterns and the normalized amplitude and phase excitation table for the antenna group.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of antenna measurement, and relates to a near-field air interface rapid measurement system and method for the directional pattern of an active array antenna, which can be used to rapidly measure the directional patterns of different beams in the near field of the array. Background Art

[0002] As wireless communication technology continues to evolve, increasing the system's spectrum bandwidth and spectrum efficiency is key to meeting the demands of wireless communication systems. Current wireless communication technology is already very close to the Shannon limit of channel capacity. Therefore, for the next generation of mobile communication systems, the use of higher-frequency spectrum resources (including sub-6 GHz and millimeter wave bands) to increase the required signal bandwidth, and the use of dynamic beamforming and multiple-channel input and output (MIMO) technology to achieve spatial division multiplexing, thereby significantly improving spectrum resource utilization, have become mainstream technologies for 5G wireless communication base stations. In millimeter wave hardware system architecture, the use of active antenna arrays to implement dynamic beamforming has become the mainstream architecture for 5G millimeter wave communication transceiver systems.

[0003] In recent years, as 5G-related industries have gradually entered the stage of technology commercialization and actual deployment, the testing technology for active array antennas has become increasingly important. Currently, the application of traditional low-frequency system conduction test methods to active array antennas has the following main problems:

[0004] 1. Active array antennas, especially millimeter-wave active array antennas, have a large number of small unit sizes and are often integrated with transceiver systems. During design, connector interfaces between the transceiver system and the antenna are usually not reserved, making it difficult to directly apply conduction testing.

[0005] 2. At higher frequency bands, especially millimeter wave bands, the use of conducted testing places extremely high demands on the loss, consistency, and repeatability of the test cable, making conducted testing impractical.

[0006] 3. The radiation field characteristics of large-scale active arrays are crucial to the realization of system applications, but it is difficult to accurately evaluate the radiation characteristics of array-level systems through conducted testing.

[0007] Therefore, the traditional conduction test method of low-frequency band systems will no longer be feasible for larger-scale, higher-frequency active array antennas, especially for the millimeter wave band. According to the 3GPP standard, the testing of millimeter wave active array antennas must be carried out under the air interface.

[0008] Strictly speaking, only the test results of the far field or equivalent far field (such as the compact field) can represent the final test results of the indicator, but this usually places high requirements on the test environment and test time. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Technical problem: The purpose of the present invention is to propose a near-field air-interface rapid measurement system and method for the radiation pattern of an active array antenna. By performing corresponding calculations on the test results of the near-field air-interface amplitude and phase test, the far-field radiation pattern test results can also be characterized, thereby reducing the requirements for the test environment, reducing test costs, and reducing test time.

[0010] Technical solution: To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0011] The present invention provides a near-field air interface rapid measurement system for an active array antenna pattern, characterized by comprising a probe antenna, a mechanical adjustment device, an amplitude and phase test subsystem, and a control subsystem, wherein:

[0012] The probe antenna is any antenna with known directional pattern characteristics. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio during the test, a high-gain antenna is used;

[0013] The mechanical adjustment device includes a probe position adjustment device and an active array antenna position adjustment device, which is used to adjust the height, distance, pitch angle, azimuth angle, and relative position of the probe antenna and the active array antenna under test, thereby achieving alignment of the probe antenna center and the active array antenna under test center, alignment of the probe antenna normal and the active array antenna under test normal, and calibrating the distance;

[0014] The amplitude and phase test subsystem includes a probe antenna, an amplitude and phase test instrument for performing amplitude and phase testing, a first radio frequency cable for connecting the amplitude and phase test instrument and the probe antenna, and a second radio frequency cable for connecting the amplitude and phase test instrument and the active array antenna under test;

[0015] The control subsystem includes a control platform for implementing control and operation, a first data line for connecting the control platform and an amplitude and phase test instrument, a second data line for connecting the control platform and an active array antenna under test, and a corresponding control section. The control section includes pre-grouping of elements on the active array antenna under test, selecting and designing a beam to be tested, generating an amplitude and phase state table for the antenna group under test based on the beam to be tested, controlling the active array antenna under test, controlling the amplitude and phase test instrument, reading data, processing data, and drawing a directional pattern.

[0016] The specific connection relationship is as follows: the probe antenna is fixed on the probe position adjustment device, the active array antenna under test is fixed on the active array antenna position adjustment device, the probe antenna and the amplitude and phase test instrument are connected through a first RF cable, the active array antenna under test and the amplitude and phase test instrument are connected through a second RF cable, the amplitude and phase test instrument and the control platform are connected through a first data line, and the active array antenna under test and the control platform are connected through a second data line.

[0017] The high-gain antenna of the probe antenna adopts a pyramidal horn antenna.

[0018] The present invention provides a near-field air-interface rapid measurement method for an active array antenna pattern. In the near field of the active array antenna to be measured, the position of an active array antenna position adjustment device is adjusted and fixed, and then air-interface amplitude and phase measurements are performed. A control platform in a control subsystem is operated according to the measurement results to obtain a far-field pattern of the active array beam to be measured. The rapid measurement method comprises the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Determine the relative positions of the active array antenna under test and the probe antenna according to the parameters and operating frequency of the active array antenna under test, and make the center of the active array antenna under test face the center of the probe antenna through the active array antenna position adjustment device, and require that the distance from the center of the probe antenna to the center of the active array antenna under test meet the near-field range requirements of the active array, and simultaneously meet the far-field range requirements of a unit in the array and the far-field range requirements of the probe antenna;

[0020] Step 2: Divide the unit antennas in the active array antenna under test into multiple antenna groups according to the parameters of the active array antenna under test, the unit antenna pattern and the probe antenna position, and obtain the far-field complex pattern G of the antenna group through simulation or actual measurement. mf , m=1,2…M; m is the antenna group number, M is the total number of antenna groups;

[0021] Step 3: Select a beam group to be measured according to the parameters of the active array antenna to be measured and the antenna group division form determined in step 2, and establish an amplitude and phase state table to be measured for the antenna group;

[0022] Step 4: fine-tune the beam group to be measured, and further add repeated states in the established antenna group amplitude and phase state table to be measured;

[0023] Step 5, merging repeated states in the antenna group's amplitude and phase state table to be measured;

[0024] Step 6, according to the combined amplitude-phase state table to be measured, one antenna group is excited each time, and an amplitude-phase test instrument (5) is used to perform an amplitude-phase test to obtain a measured amplitude-phase excitation table;

[0025] Step 7: Based on the antenna group pattern G simulated or measured in step 2 mf, the normalized amplitude and phase excitation table of the antenna group is calculated from the measured amplitude and phase excitation table. The calculation process can be expressed as:

[0026]

[0027] Among them, m represents the number of the antenna group, A gm M represents the measured amplitude and phase excitation of antenna group m, l gm is the distance from the center of antenna group m to the probe antenna, σ gm represents the normalized amplitude and phase excitation of antenna group m, G gmf is the far-field pattern of antenna group m, and is the elevation and azimuth angle of the center of antenna group m relative to the probe antenna, G pf is the far-field pattern of the probe antenna;

[0028] Step 8: Calculate the far-field pattern of the tested beam of the active array antenna using the simulated and measured antenna group patterns and the normalized amplitude and phase excitation table of the antenna group. For any two-dimensional U×V unit active antenna array, the calculation process is expressed as:

[0029]

[0030] Where u = 1, 2…U, u is the row number of the antenna unit, U is the total number of antenna unit rows, v = 1, 2…V, v is the column number of the antenna unit, V is the total number of antenna unit columns, σ uv is the normalized amplitude and phase complex excitation of the antenna element (u, v), l uv G is the distance from the center of the antenna unit (u, v) to the ideal far-field observation point (θ, φ). uvf is the far-field pattern of the antenna element (u, v), P array (θ, φ) is the far-field pattern of the beam to be measured of the active array antenna under test.

[0031] The near field refers to the distance (D) from the center of the probe antenna to the center of the active array, which meets the near field range requirements of the active antenna array under test, but still requires that the distance meet the far field range requirements of a unit in the array, that is, Among them, d E Indicates the maximum size of the unit antenna, d A Indicates the maximum size of the active array antenna under test.

[0032] The fixed mechanical adjustment device is only intended to achieve the alignment of the probe antenna center and the center of the active antenna array under test, the alignment of the probe antenna normal and the normal of the active antenna array under test, and to ensure that the distance from the probe antenna center to the center of the active antenna array under test meets the requirements. And calibrate the distance. During the actual measurement process, the mechanical adjustment device does not work.

[0033] The fixed position means that after the mechanical position adjustment process is performed in advance, the positions of the subsystems and equipment do not change during the measurement process, the probe antenna is located on the probe position adjustment device, and the active array antenna to be measured is fixed on the active array antenna position adjustment device.

[0034] The air interface amplitude and phase measurement refers to directly measuring the amplitude and phase characteristics of the active array antenna under test in different states of the probe antenna over the air interface by using an amplitude and phase measurement instrument or device without directly connecting the active array antenna under test and the probe antenna using a cable.

[0035] The unit antennas in the active array antenna under test are divided into multiple antenna groups. It is only necessary to consider the horizontal plane pattern of the antenna group and the equivalent antenna group amplitude-phase complex excitation. At this time, the horizontal plane pattern of the array is expressed as

[0036]

[0037] Where i = 1, 2…I, i is the column number of the antenna group, I is the total number of antenna group columns, G givH is the horizontal plane pattern of the antenna group (i, v), σ giv is the normalized amplitude and phase complex excitation of the antenna group (i, v), l iv is the distance from the center of the antenna group (i, v) to the observation point.

[0038] In the process of dividing into multiple antenna groups, it is necessary to ensure that the amplitude and phase test results of any antenna group to the probe antenna are recorded as A giv M The far-field amplitude and phase test results that can be close to the antenna group are recorded as A giv .

[0039] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a near-field air interface rapid measurement system and method for active array antenna patterns, which has the following advantages:

[0040] (1) The entire test process can be completed in the near field of the array, so the requirements for the size of the darkroom space or the open space are greatly reduced. For the DUT illustrated in the present invention, the required distance from the array surface to the probe for traditional far-field testing is 8.67 m, while using the test method of the present invention, the required distance from the array surface to the probe is 0.7 m, which is only 8.1% of the traditional far-field testing method.

[0041] (2) The entire test process does not require displacement after pre-adjusting the mechanical position. Therefore, compared with the traditional far-field test method, no turntable is required, which further saves costs and test system complexity.

[0042] (3) The entire test process only requires amplitude and phase testing for the antenna group. Compared with the traditional far-field test method, the number of tests is greatly reduced. Taking the 7 beams in the horizontal plane after fine-tuning as an example, if the traditional far-field test method adopts 1 degree 1 measurement, for the directional pattern in the range of -60° to 60°, a total of 7×121=847 amplitude and phase measurements are required, while this method only requires 45 measurements, which is only 5.3% of the traditional far-field test method. If the optional step 4 in the measurement method is used to fine-tune the beam group to be tested, and further increase the repeated states in the established antenna group amplitude and phase state table to be tested, the required measurements can be further reduced to 37 times, which is only 4.4% of the traditional far-field test method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the near-field air interface rapid measurement system for the active array antenna pattern proposed by the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a flow chart for implementing the near-field air interface rapid measurement method of the active array antenna pattern proposed in the present invention.

[0045] Figure 3 This is a side view photo of the antenna of the device under test in the measurement example provided by the present invention.

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of antenna grouping mentioned in the present invention.

[0047] Figure 5 The present invention provides a comparison of the directivity patterns under different beams measured by the near-field air interface rapid measurement system and method for the active array antenna directivity pattern proposed in the present invention and the directivity patterns obtained by the traditional far-field directivity pattern testing method, wherein: (a) the direction of the measured beam is 0°, and the array is in the transmitting state; (b) the direction of the measured beam is 0°, and the array is in the receiving state; (c) the direction of the measured beam is 15°, and the array is in the transmitting state; (d) the direction of the measured beam is -15°, and the array is in the receiving state; (e) the direction of the measured beam is 30°, and the array is in the transmitting state; (f) the direction of the measured beam is -30°, and the array is in the receiving state; (g) the direction of the measured beam is 45°, and the array is in the transmitting state; (h) the direction of the measured beam is -45°, and the array is in the receiving state.

[0048] The figure includes: probe antenna 1, active array antenna under test 2, probe position adjustment device 3, active array antenna position adjustment device 4, amplitude and phase test instrument 5, control platform 6, first RF cable 7, second RF cable 8, first data cable 9, and second data cable 10. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] Reference Figure 1 A near-field air interface rapid measurement system for active array antenna patterns includes: a probe antenna, a mechanical adjustment device, an amplitude and phase test subsystem, and a control and algorithm subsystem, wherein:

[0051] The probe antenna is any antenna with known directional pattern characteristics. Usually, in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio during the test, a high-gain antenna is used. In this example, a pyramidal horn antenna is used as the probe antenna.

[0052] The mechanical adjustment device includes a probe position adjustment device 3 and an array position adjustment device 4, which is used to adjust the height, distance D, pitch angle, azimuth angle, and relative position of the probe and array, thereby achieving alignment of the probe center and array center, alignment of the probe normal and array normal, and calibrating the distance.

[0053] The amplitude and phase test subsystem includes an amplitude and phase test instrument 5 for performing amplitude and phase test, and a first radio frequency cable 7 and a second radio frequency cable 8 for connecting the amplitude and phase test instrument with the probe antenna and the active array antenna under test.

[0054] The control subsystem includes a control platform 6 and corresponding software. The software includes pre-grouping of active array elements, selecting and designing the beam to be measured, generating an amplitude and phase state table for the antenna group to be measured based on the beam to be measured, controlling the active array, controlling the amplitude and phase test instruments, reading data, processing data, and plotting the radiation pattern.

[0055] Reference Figure 2 , a near-field air interface fast measurement method for active array antenna radiation pattern, the following is combined with Figure 3 The active array antenna under test shown is used as an example to clearly and completely describe the near-field air interface rapid measurement method of the active array antenna pattern proposed in the present invention. The steps are as follows:

[0056] (1) Determine the relative position of the active array and the probe based on the array parameters and operating frequency. Use a mechanical adjustment device to make the center of the active array face the center of the probe. The distance from the center of the probe antenna to the center of the active array must meet the near-field range requirements of the active array and the far-field range requirements of a unit in the array. Figure 3As shown, the present invention uses an 8×8 element active antenna array as an example, where each element is a 2×1 probe-fed binary patch antenna array. The test frequency band is 26 GHz, and the antenna elements are arranged at half wavelengths in the horizontal direction and at full wavelengths in the vertical direction. In this measurement system example, the distance from the center of the probe antenna to the center of the active array is 0.7 m, which meets the near-field range requirements of the active array and the far-field range requirements of one element in the array.

[0057] (2) Divide the unit antennas in the array into a certain number of antenna groups according to the array parameters and probe positions, and obtain the far-field complex pattern G of the antenna group through simulation or measurement. gmf , m=1, 2…M, m is the number of the antenna group, and M is the total number of antenna groups.

[0058] For an N-unit active array antenna, according to the electromagnetic field superposition theorem, its ideal far-field electric field distribution can be expressed as

[0059]

[0060] Where (l, θ, φ) is the polar coordinate of any far-field observation point, n = 1, 2…N; n is the antenna unit number, N is the total number of antenna units, G nf is the far-field pattern of antenna element n, θ n and φ n is the azimuth and elevation angle of the far-field observation point relative to the antenna element n, h n is the spatial response from the far-field observation point to antenna element n, ξ n is the amplitude and phase complex excitation of antenna element n.

[0061] Under far-field conditions, the spatial response h n It can be decomposed into the amplitude response (path loss)λ / (4πl n ) and the phase response 2πr n / λ, where l n is the distance from the observation point to the antenna element n. Therefore, for a two-dimensional U×V element active antenna array, its normalized radiation pattern can be expressed as

[0062]

[0063] Where u = 1, 2…U, u is the row number of the antenna unit, U is the total number of antenna unit rows, v = 1, 2…V, v is the column number of the antenna unit, V is the total number of antenna unit columns, σ uv is the normalized amplitude-phase complex excitation of the antenna element (u, v).

[0064] When evaluating the beamforming performance of an active array antenna, it is usually only necessary to measure its horizontal and vertical beams. Taking the horizontal beam as an example, when a two-dimensional array forms a horizontal beam, it is necessary to ensure that each column forms a normal beam in the vertical plane. In other words, when forming different horizontal beams, the phase relationship between the elements in each column of the array remains unchanged. Therefore, the antenna elements in each column can be divided into several antenna groups. Only the horizontal radiation pattern of the antenna group and the equivalent antenna group amplitude-phase complex excitation need to be considered. In this case, the horizontal radiation pattern of the array can be expressed as

[0065]

[0066] Where i = 1, 2…I, i is the column number of the antenna group, I is the total number of antenna group columns, G givH is the horizontal plane pattern of the antenna group (i, v), σ giv is the normalized amplitude and phase complex excitation of the antenna group (i, v), l iv is the distance from the center of the antenna group (i, v) to the observation point.

[0067] During the grouping process, it is necessary to ensure that the amplitude and phase test results (denoted as A) of any antenna group to the probe antenna are consistent. giv M ) can be close to the far-field amplitude and phase test results of the antenna group (denoted as A giv ), since the test process is within the near field of the array, when the number of units in the antenna group is too large, the probe antenna may also be within the near field of the antenna group. giv is the normalized amplitude-phase complex excitation of the antenna group (i, v), only the A of different antenna groups giv M -A giv When there is a large error, σ giv The calculation of the antenna element can be affected by reducing the number of antenna elements in the antenna group to avoid this error. For the 8×8 element active array in the present invention, you can refer to Figure 4 The antenna units are grouped and each column forms an antenna group.

[0068] (3) Select the beam group to be measured based on the array parameters and antenna group, and establish the amplitude and phase state table of the antenna group to be measured. The measurement system used as an example in the present invention selects 7 beams of the array to be measured in the horizontal plane, with beam pointing angles of -45°, -30°, -15°, 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°, respectively. The amplitude state of each antenna group is maintained at the maximum value, and the phase state of the antenna group is shown in Table 1 below:

[0069] Table 1

[0070] Phase state table of antenna group to be measured for the beam group to be measured

[0071]

[0072] Among them, the gray-marked ones are repeated states, and there are 11 repeated states in the 56 phase states.

[0073] (4) (Optional) Fine-tune the beam group to be tested and further increase the number of repeated states in the established antenna group amplitude and phase state table to be tested, thereby reducing the number of tests. The beam group to be tested and the antenna group phase state table to be tested shown in Table 1 can be fine-tuned as shown in Table 2 below, where the gray-marked states are repeated states. There are 18 repeated states in the 56 phase states, and the amplitude state of each antenna group is still maintained at the maximum value.

[0074] Table 2

[0075] Table of phase states of antenna groups to be measured for the beam group to be measured after fine-tuning

[0076]

[0077] (5) Degenerate the repeated states in the antenna group's amplitude and phase state table to be tested, and only 45 tests are required. If step (4) is used, only 37 tests are required.

[0078] (6) According to the degenerated amplitude-phase state table to be measured, one antenna group is excited each time, and an amplitude-phase test instrument or device is used to perform an amplitude-phase test to obtain the measured amplitude-phase excitation table, i.e., A giv M ;

[0079] (7) According to the antenna group pattern G simulated or measured in (2) gmf , calculate the normalized amplitude and phase excitation table σ of the antenna group from the measured amplitude and phase excitation table gm , the calculation process can be expressed as:

[0080]

[0081] Where m is the number of the antenna group, which can also be expressed as (i, v) using the row and column numbers of the antenna group. gm is the distance from the center of antenna group m to the probe antenna, and is the elevation and azimuth angle of the center of antenna group m relative to the probe antenna, G pf is the far-field pattern of the probe antenna.

[0082] (8) Calculate the array's measured beam pattern using the simulated and measured antenna group patterns and the normalized amplitude and phase excitation table of the antenna group. The calculation process can be expressed as:

[0083]

[0084] Among them, G givH is the horizontal plane pattern of the antenna group (i, v), σ giv This is the normalized amplitude and phase excitation σ of the antenna group corresponding to a certain beam obtained in step (7) gm , dx is the horizontal spacing between antenna units.

[0085] In order to verify the authenticity and reliability of the near-field air interface rapid measurement system and method of the active array antenna pattern proposed in the present invention, the measurement system and method proposed in the present invention are used to measure the Figure 3 After the array under test was tested with a pattern test, the traditional far-field test method was used to test it. Figure 5 Test comparison results are provided.

[0086] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of ​​the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution in accordance with the technical idea proposed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0087] The present invention proposes a near-field air-interface rapid measurement system and method for the active array antenna pattern. The system and method perform corresponding calculations based on the test results of near-field air-interface amplitude and phase tests, thereby characterizing the far-field pattern test results. The system requires that the distance from the probe antenna to the array surface is only 8.1% of that of the traditional far-field test method, and that the number of tests is only 4.4% of that of the traditional far-field test method. This greatly reduces the cost of active array antenna pattern testing, improves test efficiency, and has the advantages of low system complexity and no need for a turntable.

Claims

1. A near-field air interface rapid measurement system for active array antenna patterns, characterized by: It includes probe antenna, mechanical adjustment device, amplitude and phase test subsystem and control subsystem, among which: The probe antenna (1) is any antenna with known directional pattern characteristics, and a high-gain antenna is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio during the test process; The mechanical adjustment device comprises a probe position adjustment device (3) and an active array antenna position adjustment device (4), which is used to adjust the height, distance (D), pitch angle, azimuth angle, and relative position of the probe antenna (1) and the active array antenna (2) to be measured, thereby achieving alignment of the center of the probe antenna (1) and the center of the active array antenna (2) to be measured, alignment of the normal direction of the probe antenna (1) and the normal direction of the active array antenna (2) to be measured, and calibrating the distance; The amplitude and phase test subsystem comprises a probe antenna (1), an amplitude and phase test instrument (5) for performing amplitude and phase testing, a first radio frequency cable (7) for connecting the amplitude and phase test instrument (5) and the probe antenna (1), and a second radio frequency cable (8) for connecting the amplitude and phase test instrument (5) and the active array antenna (2) to be tested; The control subsystem comprises a control platform (6) for realizing control and operation, a first data line (9) for connecting the control platform (6) and an amplitude and phase test instrument (5), a second data line (10) for connecting the control platform (6) and an active array antenna (2) to be tested, and a corresponding control part; wherein the control part comprises pre-grouping of units on the active array antenna (2) to be tested, selecting and designing a beam to be tested, generating an amplitude and phase state table of the antenna group to be tested according to the beam to be tested, controlling the active array antenna (2) to be tested, controlling the amplitude and phase test instrument (5), reading data, processing data, and drawing a directional pattern; The specific connection relationship is as follows: the probe antenna (1) is fixed on the probe position adjustment device (3), the active array antenna to be tested (2) is fixed on the active array antenna position adjustment device (4), the probe antenna (1) and the amplitude and phase test instrument (5) are connected via a first radio frequency cable (7), the active array antenna to be tested (2) and the amplitude and phase test instrument (5) are connected via a second radio frequency cable (8), the amplitude and phase test instrument (5) and the control platform (6) are connected via a first data line (9), and the active array antenna to be tested (2) and the control platform (6) are connected via a second data line (10).

2. The near-field air interface rapid measurement system of the active array antenna pattern according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-gain antenna of the probe antenna (1) adopts a pyramidal horn antenna.

3. A near-field air interface rapid measurement method for the active array antenna pattern of the system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In the near field of the active array antenna (2) to be measured, the position of the active array antenna position adjustment device (4) is adjusted and fixed, and then the air interface amplitude and phase are measured. The control platform (6) in the control subsystem is operated according to the measurement result, thereby obtaining the far field pattern of the active array beam to be measured. The rapid measurement method includes the following steps: Step 1, determining the relative position of the active array antenna (2) under test and the probe antenna (1) according to the parameters and the operating frequency of the active array antenna (2) under test, making the center of the active array antenna (2) under test face the center of the probe antenna (1) through the active array antenna position adjustment device (4), and requiring the distance from the center of the probe antenna (1) to the center of the active array antenna (2) under test to meet the near-field range requirement of the active array, and simultaneously meet the far-field range requirement of a unit in the array and the far-field range requirement of the probe antenna; Step 2: Divide the unit antennas in the active array antenna (2) under test into multiple antenna groups according to the parameters of the active array antenna (2), the unit antenna pattern and the position of the probe antenna (1), and obtain the far-field complex pattern G of the antenna group through simulation or actual measurement. mf , m=1,2…M; m is the antenna group number, M is the total number of antenna groups; Step 3, selecting a beam group to be measured according to the parameters of the active array antenna (2) to be measured and the antenna group division form determined in step 2, and establishing an amplitude and phase state table to be measured for the antenna group; Step 4: fine-tune the beam group to be measured, and further add repeated states in the established antenna group amplitude and phase state table to be measured; Step 5, merging repeated states in the antenna group's amplitude and phase state table to be measured; Step 6: According to the combined amplitude and phase state table to be measured, stimulate one antenna group at a time and use the amplitude and phase test instrument (5) Perform amplitude and phase tests to obtain the measured amplitude and phase excitation table; Step 7: Based on the antenna group pattern G simulated or measured in step 2 mf , the normalized amplitude and phase excitation table of the antenna group is calculated from the measured amplitude and phase excitation table. The calculation process is expressed as: Among them, m represents the number of the antenna group, A gm M represents the measured amplitude and phase excitation of antenna group m, l gm is the distance from the center of antenna group m to the probe antenna, σ gm represents the normalized amplitude and phase excitation of antenna group m, G gmf is the far-field pattern of antenna group m, and is the elevation and azimuth angle of the center of antenna group m relative to the probe antenna, G pf is the far-field pattern of the probe antenna; Step 8: Calculate the far-field pattern of the tested beam of the active array antenna using the simulated and measured antenna group patterns and the normalized amplitude and phase excitation table of the antenna group. For any two-dimensional U×V unit active antenna array, the calculation process is expressed as: Where u = 1, 2…U, u is the row number of the antenna unit, U is the total number of antenna unit rows, v = 1, 2…V, v is the column number of the antenna unit, V is the total number of antenna unit columns, σ uv is the normalized amplitude and phase complex excitation of the antenna element (u, v), l uv is the distance from the center of the antenna unit (u, v) to the ideal far-field observation point (θ, φ); G uvf is the far-field pattern of the antenna element (u,v), P array (θ, φ) is the far-field pattern of the measured beam of the active array antenna under test.

4. The near-field air interface rapid measurement method of the active array antenna pattern according to claim 3, characterized in that: The near field refers to the distance (D) from the center of the probe antenna to the center of the active array, which meets the near field range requirements of the active antenna array under test, but still requires that the distance meet the far field range requirements of a unit in the array, that is, Among them, d E Indicates the maximum size of the unit antenna, d A Indicates the maximum size of the active array antenna under test.

5. The near-field air interface rapid measurement method of the active array antenna pattern according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mechanical adjustment device is used to achieve alignment of the center of the probe antenna (1) and the center of the active array antenna (2) under test, alignment of the normal direction of the probe antenna (1) and the normal direction of the active array antenna (2) under test, and ensure that the distance requirement from the center of the probe antenna to the center of the active antenna array under test is met. And calibrate the distance. During the actual measurement process, the mechanical adjustment device does not work.

6. The near-field air interface rapid measurement method of the active array antenna pattern according to claim 3, characterized in that: After a mechanical position adjustment process is performed in advance, the positions of the subsystems and equipment do not change during the measurement process, the probe antenna (1) is located on the probe position adjustment device (3), and the active array antenna (2) to be measured is fixed on the active array antenna position adjustment device (4).

7. The near-field air interface rapid measurement method of the active array antenna pattern according to claim 3, characterized in that: The air interface amplitude and phase measurement refers to the measurement of the amplitude and phase characteristics of the active array antenna (2) under test in different states of the probe antenna (1) by directly measuring the amplitude and phase characteristics of the active array antenna (2) under test in the air interface without using a cable to connect the active array antenna (2) under test and the probe antenna (1).

8. The near-field air interface rapid measurement method of the active array antenna pattern according to claim 3, characterized in that: The unit antennas in the active array antenna (2) to be tested are divided into multiple antenna groups. It is only necessary to consider the horizontal plane pattern of the antenna group and the equivalent antenna group amplitude-phase complex excitation. At this time, the horizontal plane pattern of the array is expressed as Where i = 1, 2…I, i is the column number of the antenna group, I is the total number of antenna group columns, G givH is the horizontal plane pattern of the antenna group (i,v), σ giv is the normalized amplitude and phase complex excitation of the antenna group (i, v), l iv is the distance from the center of the antenna group (i,v) to the observation point.

9. The near-field air interface rapid measurement method of the active array antenna pattern according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the process of dividing into multiple antenna groups, it is necessary to ensure that the amplitude and phase test results A of any antenna group to the probe antenna giv M A far-field amplitude and phase test result close to the antenna group giv .

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