Frequency and state dependent user equipment beam pattern

Abstract

Techniques are provided for enabling user equipment (UE) positioning based on angle estimation in millimeter wave (mmW) bands. An example method for determining a position of a mobile device includes sending array gain information to a network entity, the array gain information including beam pattern information based at least in part on a sub-band and a state of the mobile device (1402), receiving one or more reference signals in one or more sub-bands, wherein a receive beam for each of the one or more reference signals is based at least in part on a sub-band in which the one or more reference signals are received and a current state of the mobile device (1404), determining a measurement based on the one or more reference signals (1406), and determining the position of the mobile device based at least in part on the measurement.

Description

Background Technology

[0001] Wireless communication systems have undergone multiple generations of development, including first-generation analog radiotelephone service (1G), second-generation (2G) digital radiotelephone service (including transitional 2.5G and 2.75G networks), third-generation (3G) high-speed data, wireless services supporting the Internet, fourth-generation (4G) services (such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) or WiMax), and fifth-generation (5G) services (such as 5G New Radio (NR)). Currently, many different types of wireless communication systems are in use, including cellular and Personal Communication Services (PCS) systems. Known examples of cellular systems include cellular analog Advanced Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS) and digital cellular systems based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), and global systems based on TDMA mobile access (GSM) variants.

[0002] Typically, it is desirable to know the location of a user equipment (UE), such as a cellular phone, where the terms "location" and "positioning" are synonyms and are used interchangeably herein. A Location Service Client (LSC) may want to know the UE's location and may communicate with a location center to request the UE's location. The location center and the UE may exchange messages appropriately to obtain a location estimate for the UE. The location center may then return the location estimate to the LSC, for example, for one or more applications.

[0003] Obtaining the location of a mobile device accessing a wireless network can be useful for many applications, including emergency calls, personal navigation, asset tracking, and locating friends or family. Existing positioning methods include those based on measuring radio signals transmitted from various devices such as base stations and access points, including satellite vehicles and terrestrial wireless power sources within the wireless network. Stations in the wireless network can be configured to transmit reference signals to enable the mobile device to perform positioning measurements. Antenna arrays in mobile devices used in high-frequency wireless networks may be needed to cover a wide bandwidth by incorporating various system states. The spacing of fixed elements in the antenna array on the mobile device can reduce the array gain in parts of the bandwidth and decrease the accuracy of the reference signal and the corresponding positioning measurement. Furthermore, mobile devices can be configured for different states, such as when placed in a holder, held by a user, covered by an ear, or attached to a peripheral device. These various states of the mobile device can also reduce the gain of the signals transmitted or received by the mobile device. Summary of the Invention

[0004] An example method for determining the location of a mobile device according to this disclosure includes sending array gain information to a network entity, the array gain information including beam pattern information based at least in part on subbands and the state of the mobile device, receiving one or more reference signals in one or more subbands, wherein the received beam for each of the one or more reference signals is based at least in part on the subband in which the one or more reference signals are received and the current state of the mobile device, determining a measurement based on the one or more reference signals, and determining the location of the mobile device based at least in part on the measurement.

[0005] Implementation of such a method may include one or more of the following features: Determining the location of a mobile device may include providing measurements to a network entity based on one or more reference signals, the one or more reference signals including a receive beam identifier associated with each of a corresponding receive beam used to receive the one or more reference signals. The state of the mobile device may be based at least in part on peripheral devices operatively coupled to the mobile device. The peripheral device may be at least one of a headset, power cord, card reader, or mobile device housing. The state of the mobile device may be based at least in part on the proximity of the user to the mobile device. Subbands may be based on the active bandwidth portion used by the mobile device. Subbands may be based on resource bandwidth. Array gain information may include beam pattern information based on multiple antenna elements from multiple antenna modules. The beam pattern information may include gain and direction information for at least one of the main lobe, side lobes, beam nulls, and grating lobes. Measurements may include one or more of the angle of arrival (AoA), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), round-trip time (RTT), reference signal time difference (RSTD), reference signal received power (RSRP), and reference signal received quality (RSRQ).

[0006] An example method for measuring an uplink reference signal according to this disclosure includes receiving array gain information from a mobile device, including beam pattern information based at least in part on a subband and the state of the mobile device; providing an indication of one or more uplink reference signals to be transmitted by the mobile device based at least in part on the array gain information; and measuring the uplink reference signals transmitted by the mobile device in a subband.

[0007] Implementation of such a method may include one or more of the following features: Measurements of the uplink reference signal may be provided to network entities. The state of the mobile device may be based at least in part on peripheral devices operatively coupled to the mobile device. Peripheral devices may be at least one of headsets, power cords, card readers, or the mobile device housing. The state of the mobile device may be based at least in part on the proximity of the mobile device to the user. Subbands may be based on the active bandwidth portion utilized by the mobile device. Subbands may be based on resource bandwidth. Array gain information may include beam pattern information based on multiple antenna modules. Beam pattern information may include gain and direction information for at least one of the main lobe, side lobes, beam nulls, and grating lobes. Measuring the uplink reference signal may include obtaining one or more of the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Round-Trip Time (RTT), Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD), Received Reference Signal Power (RSRP), and Received Reference Signal Quality (RSRQ).

[0008] An example device according to this disclosure includes a memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and at least one transceiver, and configured to transmit array gain information to a network entity using the at least one transceiver, the array gain information including beam pattern information based at least in part on subbands and the state of the device, receiving one or more reference signals in one or more subbands using the at least one transceiver, wherein the received beam of each of the one or more reference signals is based at least in part on the subband in which the one or more reference signals are received and on the current state of the device, determining a measurement based on the one or more reference signals, and determining a position based at least in part on the measurement.

[0009] Implementations of such a device may include one or more of the following features. At least one processor may also be configured to provide measurements to a network entity based on one or more reference signals, the one or more reference signals including a receive beam identifier associated with each of a corresponding beam used to receive the one or more reference signals. The state of the device may be based at least in part on a peripheral device operatively coupled to the device. The peripheral device may be at least one of a headset, power cord, card reader, or mobile device housing. The state of the device may be based at least in part on the proximity of a user to the device. Subbands may be based on a portion of the active bandwidth utilized by the device. Subbands may be based on resource bandwidth. Array gain information may include beam pattern information based on multiple antenna elements from multiple antenna modules. The beam pattern information may include gain and direction information for at least one of the main lobe, side lobes, beam nulls, and grating lobes. Measurements may include one or more of the angle of arrival (AoA), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), round-trip time (RTT), reference signal time difference (RSTD), reference signal received power (RSRP), and reference signal received quality (RSRQ).

[0010] An example apparatus according to this disclosure includes a memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and at least one transceiver, and configured to receive array gain information from a mobile device using the at least one transceiver. The array gain information includes beam pattern information based at least in part on the subband and the state of the mobile device, and provides an indication of one or more uplink reference signals to be transmitted by the mobile device, and an uplink reference signal transmitted by the mobile device in the subband, based at least in part on the array gain information.

[0011] Implementations of such a device may include one or more of the following features: At least one processor may also be configured to provide measurements of the uplink reference signal to network entities. The state of the mobile device may be based at least in part on peripheral devices operatively coupled to the mobile device. The peripheral device may be at least one of a headset, power cord, card reader, or mobile device housing. The mobile device may be based at least in part on the proximity of the mobile device to the user. Subbands may be based on the active bandwidth portion utilized by the mobile device. Subbands may be based on resource bandwidth. Array gain information may include beam pattern information based on multiple antenna modules. The beam pattern information may include gain and direction information of at least one of the main lobe, side lobes, beam nulls, and grating lobes. Measuring the uplink reference signal may include obtaining one or more of the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Round-Trip Time (RTT), Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD), Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), and Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ).

[0012] An example apparatus for determining the location of a mobile device according to the present disclosure includes: components for transmitting array gain information to a network entity, the array gain information including beam pattern information based at least in part on subbands and the state of the mobile device; components for receiving one or more reference signals in one or more subbands, wherein the receiving beam for each of the one or more reference signals is based at least in part on the subband in which the one or more reference signals are received and the current state of the mobile device; components for determining a measurement based on the one or more reference signals; and components for determining the location of the mobile device based at least in part on the measurement.

[0013] An example apparatus for measuring uplink reference signals according to the present disclosure includes: components for receiving array gain information from a mobile device, the array gain information including beam pattern information based at least in part on a subband and the state of the mobile device; components for providing an indication of one or more uplink reference signals to be transmitted by the mobile device based at least in part on the array gain information; and components for measuring the uplink reference signals transmitted by the mobile device in a subband.

[0014] An example non-transitory processor-readable storage medium according to this disclosure, including processor-readable instructions configured to enable one or more processors to determine the location of a mobile device, comprises: code for sending array gain information to a network entity, the array gain information including beam pattern information based at least in part on subbands and the state of the mobile device; code for receiving one or more reference signals in one or more subbands, wherein the receiving beam for each of the one or more reference signals is based at least in part on the subband in which the one or more reference signals are received and the current state of the mobile device; code for determining a measurement based on the one or more reference signals; and code for determining the location of the mobile device based at least in part on the measurement.

[0015] An example non-transitory processor-readable storage medium according to this disclosure, including processor-readable instructions configured to enable one or more processors to measure uplink reference signals, includes: code for receiving array gain information from a mobile device, the array gain information including beam pattern information based at least in part on the subband and the state of the mobile device; code for providing an indication of one or more uplink reference signals to be transmitted by the mobile device based at least in part on the array gain information; and code for measuring the uplink reference signals transmitted by the mobile device in the subband.

[0016] The items and / or techniques described herein may provide one or more of the following capabilities, as well as others not mentioned. Mobile devices may utilize one or more antenna modules, each having an antenna array with a fixed element spacing. Fixed element spacing may result in beam squinting at certain frequencies across a wide bandwidth. Transmit and receive beam patterns may also be affected by the state of the mobile device. The beam pattern of the mobile device may be characterized based on the frequency and state of the mobile device. Frequency- and state-dependent antenna gain and beam pattern information may be provided to network resources. Mobile devices may be configured to measure downlink reference signals based on frequency- and state-dependent antenna gain and beam pattern information. Mobile devices may be configured to provide uplink reference signals based on antenna gain and beam pattern information. Antenna gain and beam pattern information may be used to improve location estimation of the mobile device based on the reference signal. Other capabilities may be provided, and not every implementation according to this disclosure is required to provide any, let alone all, of the capabilities discussed. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a simplified diagram of an example wireless communication system.

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows a block diagram of the components of an example user device.

[0019] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows a block diagram of the components of an example send / receive point.

[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the components of the example server.

[0021] Figure 5A and 5B The illustration shows an example downlink positioning reference signal resource set.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a diagram of an example subframe format used for positioning reference signal transmission.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an example of a frequency layer.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an example active bandwidth portion with multiple bandwidth resources.

[0025] Figure 9A This is an example user equipment with multiple antenna modules.

[0026] Figure 9B Based on Figure 9AA schematic diagram of an example beam pattern for an antenna module in a user equipment.

[0027] Figure 10A and 10B This is a graphical example of beam slant associated with antenna codebook design.

[0028] Figure 11A This is a schematic diagram of an example frequency-dependent beam pattern.

[0029] Figure 11B This is a schematic diagram of a beam pattern related to the status of an example user equipment.

[0030] Figure 12 This is an example data structure for beam patterns based on frequency and state.

[0031] Figure 13A This is a sample message stream used to provide frequency and state-dependent beam patterns for downlink-based positioning.

[0032] Figure 13B This is a sample message stream used to provide frequency and state-dependent beam patterns for uplink-based positioning.

[0033] Figure 14 It is a processing flow for an example method of measuring one or more reference signals based on frequency and state-dependent beam patterns.

[0034] Figure 15 It is a processing flow for providing uplink reference signals based on frequency and state-dependent beam patterns.

[0035] Figure 16 This is a processing flow for an example method of determining an uplink reference signal based at least in part on a frequency- and state-dependent beam pattern. Detailed Implementation

[0036] This paper discusses techniques for UE (User Equipment) positioning based on UE side angle estimation in millimeter-wave (mmW) bands (and above). For example, these techniques include determining and providing beam pattern auxiliary data as a function of frequency and UE state. In a UE-based downlink angle of arrival (AoA) example, auxiliary data including information on beam shapes associated with different sub-bands and / or UE states can be stored on the UE, and the UE can be configured to determine its location at least in part based on reference signals received in the current sub-band and state and the corresponding beam shape information. In a UE-assisted AoA example, auxiliary data including information on UE-specific beam shapes associated with different sub-bands and / or UE states can be provided to network resources such as base stations or network servers, and the UE can report the AoA of the reference beam measured on the sub-band to the network resources to determine the UE's location. In an uplink angle of deviation (AoD) method, the UE can provide array gain information including beam pattern information based on frequency and UE state. The UE can transmit an uplink reference signal including a beam identifier. The network can be configured to determine the UE's location based on uplink reference signals and beam pattern information.

[0037] In operation, mmW applications may require the use of antenna arrays with fixed element spacing for ultra-wideband coverage. For example, the ratio of element spacing in an antenna array can vary from approximately half the wavelength corresponding to the carrier frequency to approximately one wavelength of the carrier frequency. Generally, due to beam squint effects associated with the fixed element spacing in ultra-wideband coverage, the antenna array gain distribution as a function of spatial angles (e.g., beam pattern / shape) typically drifts with frequency. A localization technique using a fixed set of beam weights at a certain carrier frequency can typically correspond to certain AoD and AoA estimates at that frequency. However, the same beam weights may correspond to different AoD and AoA estimates at different frequencies within the ultra-wideband coverage. Furthermore, the state of the UE can affect the array gain and the corresponding beam weights. For example, a proximity sensor can limit the output of the antenna array based on the relative position of the user's hand or head. Other peripheral devices such as headphones, credit card readers, device housings, power cords, etc., can affect the beam pattern / shape. Therefore, UE positioning based on AoD and AoA estimation can be based on beamforms associated with different frequency / subband / resource block (RB) subsets and the current state of the UE.

[0038] In one embodiment, the UE can provide auxiliary data indicating the frequency, state, and corresponding beamform used by the UE. Different bandwidth portions (BWPs) can have different beamforms for different UE states. Different receive beams used for DL-PRS positioning can have different beamforms, and frequency- and state-dependent beamforms can be used for positioning based on AoA and AoD technologies. In another embodiment, base stations or other network resources can utilize UE-specific frequency- and state-dependent beamforms for AoD-based positioning technologies to determine the UE's location based on UL signals transmitted by the UE and received by one or more base stations. Different beamforms can be used for azimuth and / or elevation angles.

[0039] refer to Figure 1 Examples of communication system 100 include UE 105, radio access network (RAN) 135, here a fifth-generation (5G) next-generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN), and 5G core network (5GC) 140. UE 105 can be, for example, an IoT device, a location tracker device, a cellular phone, or other device. The 5G network can also be referred to as a new radio (NR) network; NG-RAN 135 can be referred to as a 5G RAN or NR RAN; and 5GC 140 can be referred to as an NG core network (NGC). The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is standardizing NG-RAN and 5GC. Therefore, NG-RAN 135 and 5GC 140 can conform to current or future 3GPP standards for 5G support. RAN 135 can be another type of RAN, such as 3G RAN, 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) RAN, etc. Communication system 100 can utilize information from constellation 185 of satellite vehicles (SVs) 190, 191, 192, and 193 for satellite positioning systems (SPS) (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)), such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, or BeiDou, or other local or regional SPSs, such as the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), the European Geosynchronous Navigation Coverage Service (EGNOS), or the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS). Additional components of communication system 100 are described below. Communication system 100 may include additional or alternative components.

[0040] like Figure 1As shown, NG-RAN 135 includes 5G-NR NodeBs (gNBs) 110a and 110b and a next-generation eNodeB (ng-eNB) 114, and 5GC 140 includes Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF) 115, Session Management Functions (SMF) 117, Location Management Functions (LMF) 120, and Gateway Mobility Location Center (GMLC) 125. gNBs 110a, 110b, and ng-eNB 114 are communicatively coupled to each other, each configured to communicate bidirectionally with UE 105, and each communicatively coupled to AMF 115 and configured to communicate bidirectionally with AMF 115. AMF 115, SMF 117, LMF 120, and GMLC 125 are communicatively coupled to each other, and GMLC is communicatively coupled to an external client 130. SMF 117 can act as the initial contact point for Service Control Functions (SCF) (not shown) to create, control, and delete media sessions.

[0041] Figure 1 A general illustration of the various components is provided, and any or all of these components may be used appropriately, with each component being copied or omitted as needed. Specifically, although one UE 105 is shown, many UEs (e.g., hundreds, thousands, millions, etc.) may be used in the communication system 100. Similarly, the communication system 100 may include more (or fewer) numbers of SVs (i.e., more or fewer than the four SVs 190-193 shown), gNBs 110a and 110b, ng-eNB 114, AMF 115, external client 130, and / or other components. The illustrated connections connecting the various components in the communication system 100 include data and signaling connections, which may include additional (intermediate) components, direct or indirect physical and / or wireless connections, and / or additional networks. Furthermore, components may be rearranged, combined, separated, replaced, and / or omitted according to desired functionality.

[0042] Figure 1The illustration depicts a 5G-based network; similar network implementations and configurations can be used for other communication technologies such as 3G, Long Term Evolution (LTE), etc. The implementations described herein (whether for 5G technology and / or for one or more other communication technologies and / or protocols) can be used to transmit (or broadcast) directional synchronization signals, receive and measure directional signals at a UE (e.g., UE 105), and / or provide location assistance to UE 105 (via GMLC 125 or other location servers), and / or calculate the location of UE 105 at a location-capable device such as UE 105, gNB 110a, 110b, or LMF 120 based on the directional-transmitted signals received at UE 105. Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 125, Location Management Function (LMF) 120, Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 115, SMF 117, ng-eNB (eNodeB) 114, and gNB (gNodeB) 110a, 110b are examples, and in various embodiments may be replaced by or include various other location server functions and / or base station functions, respectively.

[0043] UE 105 may include and / or may be referred to as a device, mobile device, wireless device, mobile terminal, terminal, mobile station (MS), Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) Enabled Terminal (SET), or other names. Furthermore, UE 105 may correspond to a mobile phone, smartphone, laptop, tablet, PDA, tracking device, navigation device, Internet of Things (IoT) device, asset tracker, health monitor, security system, smart city sensor, smart meter, wearable tracker, or some other portable or mobile device. Typically, but not necessarily, UE 105 may support technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), LTE, High-Speed ​​Packet Data (HRPD), IEEE 802.11 WiFi (also known as Wi-Fi). Wireless communication using one or more radio access technologies (RATs) such as BT, WiMAX, and 5G New Radio (NR) (e.g., using NG-RAN135 and 5GC 140). UE 105 may support wireless communication using a wireless local area network (WLAN) that can be connected to other networks (e.g., the Internet) using, for example, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) or packet cable. Using one or more of these RATs allows UE 105 to communicate with external client model 130 (e.g., via...). Figure 1The elements of 5GC 140 not shown in the figure, or may be accessible via GMLC 125) and / or allow external client 130 to receive location information about UE 105 (e.g., via GMLC 125).

[0044] UE 105 may include a single entity or may include multiple entities such as those in a personal area network, where the user may use audio, video, and / or data I / O (input / output) devices and / or body sensors and separate wired or wireless modems. The estimation of the location of UE 105 may be referred to as location, location estimate, location fixed, fixed, positioning, location estimation, or location fixed, and may be geographic, thus providing location coordinates (e.g., latitude and longitude) for UE 105, which may or may not include a height component (e.g., altitude, ground level, height above a floor or basement, or depth below). Alternatively, the location of UE 105 may be represented as a city location (e.g., as a postal address or designation of a point or small area within a building, such as a specific room or floor). The location of UE 105 may be represented as a region or volume (defined in geographic or urban form) in which UE 105 is expected to be located with some probability or confidence level (e.g., 67%, 95%, etc.). The location of UE 105 may be represented as a relative location, including, for example, distance from a known location and direction. A relative position can be expressed as relative coordinates (e.g., X, Y (and Z) coordinates) defined relative to an origin at a known location, which may be defined, for example, geographically, in urban terms, or by reference points, regions, or volumes, indicated, for example, on a map, floor plan, or architectural plan. In the description contained herein, unless otherwise stated, the use of the term "position" may include any of these variations. When calculating the position of a UE, local x, y, and possibly z coordinates are typically solved, and then, if necessary, the local coordinates are converted to absolute coordinates (e.g., latitude, longitude, and altitude above or below mean sea level).

[0045] UE 105 can be configured to communicate with other entities using one or more of several technologies. UE 105 can be configured to indirectly connect to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links. The D2D P2P links can be supported by any suitable D2D radio access technology (RAT), such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), etc. A group of UEs utilizing D2D communication may have one or more UEs within a geographic coverage area of ​​a Transmitting / Receiving Point (TRP), such as one or more gNBs 110a, 110b, and / or ng-eNB 114. Other UEs in such a group may be outside such geographic coverage areas or may be unable to receive transmissions from a base station. A group of UEs communicating via D2D communication can utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each UE can transmit to other UEs in the group. The TRP can facilitate resource scheduling for D2D communication. In other cases, D2D communication can be performed between UEs without involving a TRP.

[0046] Figure 1 The base stations (BS) in the NG-RAN 135 shown include NR nodes B, referred to as gNBs 110a and 110b. The gNBs 110a and 110b in the NG-RAN 135 can be interconnected via one or more other gNBs. Access to the 5G network is provided to UE 105 via wireless communication between UE 105 and one or more of gNBs 110a and 110b. This allows 5G to provide wireless communication access to the 5GC 140 on behalf of UE 105. Figure 1 In this example, assuming that the serving gNB of UE 105 is gNB 110a, if UE 105 moves to another location, another gNB (e.g., gNB 110b) can act as the serving gNB, or can act as an auxiliary gNB to provide additional throughput and bandwidth to UE 105.

[0047] Figure 1 The base station (BS) in NG-RAN 135 shown may include ng-eNB 114, also known as a next-generation evolved Node B. ng-eNB 114 may connect to one or more gNBs 110a and 110b in NG-RAN 135, possibly via one or more other gNBs and / or one or more other ng-eNBs. ng-eNB 114 may provide LTE radio access and / or evolved LTE (eLTE) radio access to UE 105. One or more of gNBs 110a, 110b and / or ng-eNB 114 may be configured to act as location-only beacons, which may transmit signals to help determine the location of UE 105 but may not receive signals from UE 105 or other UEs.

[0048] BS 110a, 110b, and 114 may each include one or more TRPs. For example, each sector within a cell of the BS may include a TRP, although multiple TRPs may share one or more components (e.g., share a processor but have separate antennas). System 100 may include macro TRPs or may have different types of TRPs, such as macro TRPs, pico TRPs, and / or femto TRPs. Macro TRPs may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and allow unrestricted access from terminals subscribed to the service. Pico TRPs may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a pico cell) and allow unrestricted access from terminals subscribed to the service. Femto or home TRPs may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a femto cell) and allow restricted access from terminals associated with the femto cell (e.g., terminals of home users).

[0049] As mentioned earlier, although Figure 1 The diagram depicts nodes configured to communicate according to 5G communication protocols, but nodes configured to communicate according to other communication protocols (such as LTE or IEEE 802.11x) can be used. For example, in an evolved packet system (EPS) providing LTE radio access to UE 105, the RAN may include an evolved universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN), which may include base stations, including evolved Node Bs (eNBs). The core network of the EPS may include an evolved packet core (EPC). The EPS may include E-UTRAN plus EPC, where E-UTRAN corresponds to... Figure 1 NG-RAN 135 and EPC corresponds to Figure 1 5GC 140 in the middle.

[0050] gNB 110a, 110b, and ng-eNB 114 can communicate with AMF 115, which in turn communicates with LMF 120 for positioning functions. AMF 115 can support UE 105 mobility, including cell changes and handovers, and can participate in signaling connections to UE 105 and may support UE 105's data and voice bearers. LMF 120 can communicate directly with UE 105, for example, via wireless communication. LMF 120 can support UE 105 positioning when UE 105 accesses NG-RAN 135, and can support positioning procedures / methods such as Auxiliary GNSS (A-GNSS), Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA), Real-Time Kinematics (RTK), Precise Point Positioning (PPP), Differential GNSS (DGNSS), Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID), Angle of Arrival (AOA), Angle of Deviation (AOD), and / or other positioning methods. LMF 120 can process location service requests for UE 105, for example, received from AMF 115 or GMLC 125. LMF 120 can connect to AMF 115 and / or GMLC 125. LMF 120 can be referred to or named by other names, such as Location Manager (LM), Location Function (LF), Commercial LMF (CLMF), or Value-Added LMF (VLMF). Nodes / systems implementing LMF 120 can additionally or alternatively implement other types of location support modules, such as Enhanced Serving Mobility Location Center (E-SMLC) or Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) Positioning Platform (SLP). At least a portion of the positioning function (including the derivation of UE 105's location) can be performed at UE 105 (e.g., using signal measurements obtained by UE 105 for signals transmitted by radio nodes such as gNB 110a, 110b, and / or ng-eNB 114, and / or auxiliary data provided to UE 105, for example, by LMF 120).

[0051] GMLC 125 can support location requests for UE 105 received from external client 130 and can forward such location requests to AMF 115 for forwarding to LMF 120, or it can forward the location requests directly to LMF 120. Location responses from LMF 120 (e.g., containing location estimates for UE 105) can be returned to GMLC 125 directly or via AMF 115, and GMLC 125 can then return the location response (e.g., containing location estimates) to external client 130. GMLC 125 is shown connected to AMF 115 and LMF 120, but in some implementations, one of these connections may be supported by 5GC 140.

[0052] like Figure 1 As further illustrated, the LMF 120 can communicate with gNB110a, 110b, and / or ng-eNB 114 using the new Radio Positioning Protocol A (which may be referred to as NPPa or NRPPa) defined in 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 38.455. NRPPa can be the same as, similar to, or an extension of the LTE Positioning Protocol A (LPPa) defined in 3GPP TS 36.455, wherein NRPPa messages are transmitted via AMF 115 between gNB 110a (or gNB 110b) and LMF 120, and / or between ng-eNB 114 and LMF 120. Figure 1 As further illustrated, LMF 120 and UE 105 can communicate using the LTE Location Protocol (LPP), which is defined in 3GPP TS 36.355. LMF 120 and UE 105 can also communicate using a new radio location protocol (which may be referred to as NPP or NRPP), which can be the same as, similar to, or an extension of LPP. Here, LPP and / or NPP messages can be transmitted between UE 105 and LMF 120 via AMF 115 and the serving gNB 110a, 110b, or serving ng-eNB 114 for UE 105. For example, LPP and / or NPP messages can be transmitted between LMF 120 and AMF 115 using the 5G Location Services Application Protocol (LCS AP), and between AMF 115 and UE 105 using the 5G Non-Access Stratum (NAS) protocol. The LPP and / or NPP protocols can be used to support UE 105 location using UE-assisted and / or UE-based location methods such as A-GNSS, RTK, OTDOA, and / or E-CID. The NRPPa protocol can be used to support UE 105 location using network-based location methods such as E-CID (e.g., when used with measurements obtained from gNB 110a, 110b, or ng-eNB114) and / or can be used by LMF 120 to obtain location-related information from gNB 110a, 110b, and / or ng-eNB114, such as defining parameters for directional SS transmissions from gNB 110a, 110b, and / or ng-eNB 114.

[0053] Using a UE-assisted positioning method, UE 105 can obtain location measurements and send them to a location server (e.g., LMF 120) to calculate a location estimate for UE 105. For example, location measurements may include one or more of the following for gNB 110a, 110b, ng-eNB 114, and / or WLAN AP: Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Round-Trip Time (RTT), Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD), Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), and / or Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ). Location measurements may also include measurements of GNSS pseudorange, code phase, and / or carrier phase for SV 190-193.

[0054] Using a UE-based positioning method, UE 105 can obtain location measurements (e.g., which may be the same as or similar to location measurements used in UE-assisted positioning methods) and can calculate the location of UE 105 (e.g., using auxiliary data received from a location server such as LMF120 or broadcast by gNB 110a, 110b, ng-eNB 114 or other base stations or APs).

[0055] Using a network-based positioning method, one or more base stations (e.g., gNB 110a, 110b, and / or ng-eNB 114) or APs can obtain location measurements (e.g., measurements of RSSI, RTT, RSRP, RSRQ, or Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) for signals transmitted by UE 105) and / or can receive measurements obtained by UE 105. One or more base stations or APs can send the measurements to a location server (e.g., LMF 120) for calculating a location estimate for UE 105.

[0056] The information provided to the LMF 120 by the gNB 110a, 110b and / or ng-eNB 114 using NRPPa may include timing and configuration information for directional SS transmissions and location coordinates. The LMF 120 may provide some or all of this information to the UE105 via NG-RAN 135 and 5GC 140 as auxiliary data in LPP and / or NPP messages.

[0057] The LPP or NPP message sent from LMF 120 to UE 105 can instruct UE 105 to do anything among a variety of things according to the required functionality. For example, the LPP or NPP message can contain instructions for UE 105 to obtain measurements of GNSS (or A-GNSS), WLAN, E-CID, and / or OTDOA (or some other positioning method). In the case of E-CID, the LPP or NPP message can instruct UE 105 to obtain one or more measurements of directional signals transmitted within a specific cell (e.g., beam ID, beamwidth, average angle, RSRP, RSRQ measurements) supported by one or more of gNBs 110a, 110b and / or ng-eNB 114 (or supported by some other type of base station such as eNB or WiFi AP). UE 105 can send measurements back to LMF 120 via serving gNB 110a (or serving ng-eNB 114) and AMF 115 in an LPP or NPP message (e.g., within a 5G NAS message).

[0058] As noted, while a communication system 100 is described in relation to 5G technology, the communication system 100 can be implemented to support other communication technologies for supporting and interacting with mobile devices (such as UE 105), such as GSM, WCDMA, LTE, etc. (e.g., to implement voice, data, location, and other functions). In some such embodiments, 5GC 140 can be configured to control different air interfaces. For example, 5GC 140 can use the non-3GPP interoperability function (N3IWF) in 5GC 150. Figure 1(Not shown) Connected to a WLAN. For example, the WLAN may support IEEE 802.11 WiFi access for UE 105 and may include one or more WiFi APs. Here, the N3IWF may connect to the WLAN and other components in 5GC 140, such as AMF 115. In some embodiments, both NG-RAN 135 and 5GC 140 may be replaced by one or more other RANs and one or more other core networks. For example, in EPS, NG-RAN 135 may be replaced by E-UTRAN containing eNBs, and 5GC 140 may be replaced by E-SMLC containing a Mobility Management Entity (MME) replacing AMF 115, an E-SMLC replacing LMF 120, and an EPC that may be similar to GMLC 125. In such EPS, the E-SMLC may use LPPa instead of NRPPa to send and receive location information to and from eNBs in the E-UTRAN and may use LPP to support the positioning of UE 105. In these other embodiments, the positioning of UE 105 using directional PRS can be supported in a manner similar to that described herein for 5G networks, except that the functions and procedures described herein for gNB 110a, 110b, ng-eNB 114, AMF 115 and LMF120 can, in some cases, be alternatively applied to other network elements such as eNB, WiFi AP, MME and E-SMLC.

[0059] As noted, in some embodiments, the location of the UE to be determined (e.g., Figure 1 The UE can perform location functions by using directional SS beams transmitted from base stations (such as gNB 110a, 110b and / or ng-eNB 114) within its range. In some cases, the UE can use directional SS beams from multiple base stations (such as gNB 110a, 110b, ng-eNB 114, etc.) to calculate the UE's location.

[0060] Also refer to Figure 2UE 200 is an example of UE 105 and includes a computing platform comprising a processor 210, a memory 211 including software (SW) 212, one or more sensors 213, a transceiver interface 214 for a transceiver 215, a user interface 216, a satellite positioning system (SPS) receiver 217, a camera 218, and a positioning (motion) device 219. The processor 210, memory 211, sensor(s)(s), transceiver interface 214, user interface 216, SPS receiver 217, camera 218, and positioning (motion) device 219 can be communicatively coupled to each other via a bus 220 (which can be configured, for example, for optical and / or electrical communication). One or more of the devices shown (e.g., camera 218, positioning (motion) device 219, and / or one or more sensors 213, etc.) may be omitted from UE 200. The processor 210 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc. Processor 210 may include multiple processors, including a general-purpose / dedicated processor 230, a digital signal processor (DSP) 231, a modem processor 232, a video processor 233, and / or a sensor processor 234. One or more of processors 230-234 may include multiple devices (e.g., multiple processors). For example, sensor processor 234 may include processors for radar, ultrasonic, and / or lidar, etc. Modem processor 232 may support dual SIM / dual connectivity (or even more SIMs). For example, an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) may use a SIM (Subscriber Identity Module or Subscriber Identification Module), and an end user of UE 200 may use another SIM for connectivity. Memory 211 is a non-transitory storage medium and may include random access memory (RAM), flash memory, disk storage, and / or read-only memory (ROM), etc. Memory 211 stores software 212, which may contain processor-readable, processor-executable software code containing instructions configured to cause processor 210 to perform the various functions described herein when executed. Alternatively, software 212 may not be directly executable by processor 210, but may be configured to cause processor 210 to perform functions, for example, when compiled and executed. This description may refer to processor 210 performing functions, but this includes other implementations, such as processor 210 performing software and / or firmware. This description may refer to processor 210 performing functions as an abbreviation for one or more of processors 230-234 performing such functions. This description may refer to UE 200 performing functions as an abbreviation for one or more suitable components of UE 200 performing such functions. In addition to and / or in place of memory 211, processor 210 may include memory with stored instructions. The functionality of processor 210 is discussed more fully below.

[0061] Figure 2 The configuration of UE 200 shown is exemplary and not a limitation of this disclosure, including the claims, and other configurations may be used. For example, an exemplary configuration of the UE includes one or more of processors 230-234 in processor 210, memory 211, and wireless transceiver 240. Other exemplary configurations include one or more of processors 230-234 in processor 210, memory 211, wireless transceiver 240, and one or more of sensors 213, user interface 216, SPS receiver 217, camera 218, PMD 219, and / or wired transceiver 250.

[0062] UE 200 may include a modem processor 232 capable of performing baseband processing on signals received and downconverted by transceiver 215 and / or SPS receiver 217. Modem processor 232 may also perform baseband processing on signals to be upconverted for transmission by transceiver 215. Alternatively or additionally, baseband processing may be performed by processor 230 and / or DSP 231. However, other configurations may be used to perform baseband processing.

[0063] UE 200 may include multiple sensors 213, which may include, for example, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) 270, one or more magnetometers 271, and / or one or more environmental sensors 272. IMU 270 may include one or more inertial sensors, such as one or more accelerometers 273 (e.g., jointly responding to acceleration of UE 200 in three dimensions) and / or one or more gyroscopes 274. The magnetometers may provide measurements to determine orientation (e.g., relative to magnetic north and / or true north), which may be used for any of a variety of purposes, such as supporting one or more compass applications. The environmental sensors 272 may include, for example, one or more temperature sensors, one or more atmospheric pressure sensors, one or more ambient light sensors, one or more camera imagers, and / or one or more microphones, etc. The sensors 213 may generate analog and / or digital signals, the indications of which may be stored in memory 211 and processed by DSP 231 and / or processor 230 to support one or more applications, such as applications for positioning and / or navigation operations.

[0064] The multiple sensors 213 can be used for relative position measurement, relative position determination, motion determination, etc. Information detected by the multiple sensors 213 can be used for motion detection, relative displacement, dead reckoning, sensor-based position determination, and / or sensor-assisted position determination. The multiple sensors 213 can be used to determine whether the UE 200 is stationary or moving and / or whether to report certain useful information about the UE 200's mobility to the LMF 120. For example, based on information obtained / measured by the multiple sensors 213, the UE 200 can notify / report to the LMF 120 that the UE 200 has detected movement or that the UE 200 has moved, and report relative displacement / distance (e.g., via dead reckoning enabled by the multiple sensors 213, or sensor-based position determination, or sensor-assisted position determination). In another example, for relative positioning information, the sensors / IMU can be used to determine the angle and / or azimuth of another device relative to the UE 200, etc.

[0065] IMU 270 can be configured to provide measurements of the direction and / or velocity of motion of UE 200, which can be used for relative position determination. For example, one or more accelerometers 273 and / or one or more gyroscopes 274 of IMU 270 can detect the linear acceleration and rotational velocity of UE 200, respectively. The linear acceleration and rotational velocity measurements of UE 200 can be integrated over time to determine the instantaneous direction of motion and displacement of UE 200. The instantaneous direction of motion and displacement can be combined to track the position of UE 200. For example, an SPS receiver 217 (and / or some other means) can be used to determine the reference position of UE 200 at a certain moment, and measurements obtained from (multiple) accelerometers 273 and (multiple) gyroscopes 274 after that moment can be used for dead reckoning to determine the current position of UE 200 based on the movement (direction and distance) of UE 200 relative to the reference position.

[0066] Multiple magnetometers 271 can determine the magnetic field strength in different directions, which can be used to determine the orientation of the UE 200. For example, the orientation can be used to provide a digital compass for the UE 200. Multiple magnetometers 271 may include a two-dimensional magnetometer configured to detect and provide an indication of magnetic field strength in two orthogonal dimensions. Alternatively, multiple magnetometers 271 may include a three-dimensional magnetometer configured to detect and provide an indication of magnetic field strength in three orthogonal dimensions. Multiple magnetometers 271 may provide components for sensing magnetic fields and providing an indication of the magnetic field to, for example, a processor 210.

[0067] Transceiver 215 may include a wireless transceiver 240 and a wired transceiver 250, configured to communicate with other devices via wireless and wired connections, respectively. For example, wireless transceiver 240 may include a transmitter 242 and a receiver 244 coupled to one or more antennas 246 for transmitting (e.g., on one or more uplink channels and / or one or more sidelink channels) and / or receiving (e.g., on one or more downlink channels and / or one or more sidelink channels) wireless signals 248 and converting signals from wireless signals 248 to wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signals and from wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signals back to wireless signals 248. Therefore, transmitter 242 may include multiple transmitters that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components, and / or receiver 244 may include multiple receivers that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components. The wireless transceiver 240 can be configured to support various standards such as 5G New Radio (NR), GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), AMPS (Advanced Mobile Telephone System), CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), WCDMA (Wideband CDMA), LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE Direct (LTE-D), 3GPP LTE-V2X (PC5), V2C (Uu), IEEE 802.11 (including IEEE 802.11p), WiFi, and WiFi Direct (WiFi-D). Various radio access technologies (RATs) such as Zigbee are used to transmit signals (e.g., with TRP and / or one or more other devices). The NR system can be configured to operate at different frequency layers such as FR1 (e.g., 410-7125MHz) and FR2 (e.g., 24.25-52.6GHz) and can be extended to new frequency bands, such as sub-6GHz and / or 100GHz and higher frequency bands (e.g., FR2x, FR3, FR4). Wired transceiver 250 may include transmitter 252 and receiver 254, configured for, for example, wired communication with network 135 to transmit and receive communication to, for example, gNB 110a. Transmitter 252 may include multiple transmitters, which may be discrete components or combined / integrated components, and / or receiver 254 may include multiple receivers, which may be discrete components or combined / integrated components. Wired transceiver 250 can be configured for, for example, optical communication and / or electrical communication. Transceiver 215 may be communicatively coupled to transceiver interface 214, for example, via optical and / or electrical connections. Transceiver interface 214 may be at least partially integrated with transceiver 215.

[0068] User interface 216 may include one or more of a plurality of devices, such as speakers, microphones, display devices, vibration devices, keyboards, touchscreens, etc. User interface 216 may include multiple devices of any of these devices. User interface 216 may be configured to enable a user to interact with one or more applications hosted on UE 200. For example, in response to actions from the user, user interface 216 may store indications of analog and / or digital signals in memory 211 for processing by DSP 231 and / or general-purpose processor 230. Similarly, applications hosted on UE 200 may store indications of analog and / or digital signals in memory 211 to present output signals to the user. User interface 216 may include audio input / output (I / O) devices, including, for example, speakers, microphones, digital-to-analog circuitry, analog-to-digital circuitry, amplifiers, and / or gain control circuitry (including multiple devices of any of these). Other configurations of the audio I / O devices may be used. Additionally or alternatively, user interface 216 may include one or more touch sensors responsive to, for example, touch and / or pressure on the keyboard and / or touchscreen of user interface 216.

[0069] SPS receiver 217 (e.g., a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver) is capable of receiving and acquiring SPS signal 260 via SPS antenna 262. Antenna 262 is configured to convert the wireless signal 260 into a wired signal, such as an electrical signal or an optical signal, and may be integrated with antenna 246. SPS receiver 217 may be configured to process the acquired SPS signal 260, in whole or in part, to estimate the location of UE 200. For example, SPS receiver 217 may be configured to determine the location of UE 200 by performing trilateration using SPS signal 260. General-purpose processor 230, memory 211, DSP 231, and / or one or more dedicated processors (not shown) may be used to process the acquired SPS signal, in whole or in part, and / or in conjunction with SPS receiver 217 to calculate the estimated location of UE 200. Memory 211 may store indications (e.g., measurements) of SPS signal 260 and / or other signals (e.g., signals acquired from wireless transceiver 240) for use in performing positioning operations. A general-purpose processor 230, a DSP 231, and / or one or more dedicated processors and / or a memory 211 can provide or support a location engine for processing measurements to estimate the position of the UE 200.

[0070] UE 200 may include a camera 218 for capturing still or moving images. Camera 218 may include, for example, an imaging sensor (e.g., a charge-coupled device or a CMOS imager), a lens, analog-to-digital circuitry, a frame buffer, etc. Additional processing, conditioning, encoding, and / or compression of the signals representing the captured images may be performed by a general-purpose processor 230 and / or a DSP 231. Alternatively, video processor 233 may perform conditioning, encoding, compression, and / or manipulation of the signals representing the captured images. Video processor 233 may decode / decompress stored image data for presentation on a display device (not shown), such as user interface 216.

[0071] The Positioning (Motion) Device (PMD) 219 can be configured to determine the location and possible motion of the UE 200. For example, the PMD 219 can communicate with and / or include some or all of the SPS receiver 217. The PMD 219 can also or alternatively be configured to use ground-based signals (e.g., at least some of signals 248) for trilateration, to assist in acquiring and using the SPS signal 260, or both, to determine the location of the UE 200. The PMD 219 can be configured to use one or more other techniques for determining the location of the UE 200 (e.g., relying on the UE's self-reported location (e.g., part of the UE's positioning beacon)) and can use a combination of techniques (e.g., SPS and ground positioning signals) to determine the location of the UE 200. PMD 219 may include one or more sensors 213 (e.g., multiple gyroscopes, multiple accelerometers, multiple magnetometers, etc.) capable of sensing the orientation and / or motion of UE 200 and providing indications. Processor 210 (e.g., processor 230 and / or DSP 231) may be configured to use these indications to determine the motion of UE 200 (e.g., velocity vector and / or acceleration vector). PMD 219 may be configured to provide indications of uncertainties and / or errors in the determined positioning and / or motion.

[0072] Also refer to Figure 3Examples of TRP 300 in BS 110a, 110b, and 114 include a computing platform comprising a processor 310, a memory 311 including software (SW) 312, a transceiver 315, and (optionally) an SPS receiver 317. The processor 310, memory 311, transceiver 315, and SPS receiver 317 can be communicatively coupled to each other via a bus 320 (which can be configured, for example, for optical and / or electrical communications). One or more of the devices shown (e.g., a wireless interface and / or SPS receiver 317) may be omitted from the TRP 300. The SPS receiver 317 may be configured similarly to SPS receiver 217 to receive and acquire SPS signal 360 via SPS antenna 362. The processor 310 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc. The processor 310 may include multiple processors (e.g., including general-purpose / dedicated processors, DSPs, modem processors, video processors, and / or sensor processors, such as… Figure 2 (As shown). Memory 311 is a non-transitory storage medium and may include random access memory (RAM), flash memory, disk storage, and / or read-only memory (ROM), etc. Memory 311 stores software 312, which may contain processor-readable, processor-executable software code containing instructions configured to cause processor 310 to perform the various functions described herein when executed. Alternatively, software 312 may not be directly executable by processor 310, but may be configured to cause processor 310 to perform functions, for example, when compiled and executed. This description may refer to processor 310 performing functions, but this includes other implementations, such as where processor 310 performs software and / or firmware. This description may refer to processor 310 performing functions as an abbreviation for one or more processors included in processor 310 performing that function. This description may refer to TRP 300 performing functions as an abbreviation for one or more suitable components of TRP 300 (and therefore one of BS 110a, 110b, 114) performing that function. In addition to and / or in place of memory 311, processor 310 may include memory with stored instructions. The functionality of processor 310 is discussed in more detail below.

[0073] Transceiver 315 may include a wireless transceiver 340 and a wired transceiver 350, configured to communicate with other devices via wireless and wired connections, respectively. For example, wireless transceiver 340 may include a transmitter 342 and a receiver 344 coupled to one or more antennas 346 for transmitting (e.g., on one or more uplink channels) and / or receiving (e.g., on one or more downlink channels) wireless signals 348 and converting signals from wireless signals 348 to wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signals and from wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signals to wireless signals 348. Therefore, transmitter 342 may include multiple transmitters that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components, and / or receiver 344 may include multiple receivers that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components. The wireless transceiver 340 can be configured to support various standards such as 5G New Radio (NR), GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), AMPS (Advanced Mobile Telephone System), CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), WCDMA (Wideband CDMA), LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE Direct (LTE-D), 3GPP LTE-V2X (PC5), IEEE 802.11 (including IEEE 802.11p), WiFi, and WiFi Direct (WiFi-D). Various radio access technologies (RATs) such as Zigbee are used to transmit signals (e.g., with UE 200, one or more UEs, and / or one or more other devices). Wired transceiver 350 may include transmitters 352 and receivers 354 configured for wired communication, for example, with network 140, to send and receive communications to and from LMF 120 or other network servers. Transmitter 352 may include multiple transmitters, which may be discrete components or combined / integrated components, and / or receiver 354 may include multiple receivers, which may be discrete components or combined / integrated components. Wired transceiver 350 may be configured for, for example, optical communication and / or electrical communication.

[0074] Figure 3 The configuration of TRP 300 shown is illustrative and not a limitation of this disclosure, including the claims, and other configurations may be used. For example, the description herein discusses TRP 300 being configured to perform several functions, but one or more of these functions may be performed by LMF 120 and / or UE 200 (i.e., LMF 120 and / or UE 200 may be configured to perform one or more of these functions).

[0075] Also refer to Figure 4Example servers such as the LMF 120 include a computing platform comprising a processor 410, a memory 411 including software (SW) 412, and a transceiver 415. The processor 410, memory 411, and transceiver 415 can be communicatively coupled to each other via a bus 420 (which can be configured, for example, for optical and / or electrical communications). One or more of the illustrated devices (e.g., wireless interfaces) may be omitted from the server 400. The processor 410 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc. The processor 410 may include multiple processors (e.g., including general-purpose / dedicated processors, DSPs, modem processors, video processors, and / or sensor processors, such as… Figure 2 (As shown). Memory 411 is a non-transitory storage medium that may include random access memory (RAM), flash memory, disk storage, and / or read-only memory (ROM), etc. Memory 411 stores software 412, which may contain processor-readable, processor-executable software code containing instructions configured to cause processor 410 to perform the various functions described herein when executed. Alternatively, software 412 may not be directly executable by processor 410, but may be configured to cause processor 410 to perform functions, for example, when compiled and executed. This description may refer to processor 410 performing functions, but this includes other implementations, such as those in which processor 410 performs software and / or firmware. This description may refer to processor 410 performing functions as an abbreviation for one or more processors included in processor 410 performing the function. This description may refer to server 400 (or LMF120) performing functions as an abbreviation for one or more suitable components of server 400 performing the function. In addition to and / or in place of memory 411, processor 410 may include memory with stored instructions. The functionality of processor 410 is discussed more fully below.

[0076] Transceiver 415 may include a wireless transceiver 440 and a wired transceiver 450, configured to communicate with other devices via wireless and wired connections, respectively. For example, wireless transceiver 440 may include a transmitter 442 and a receiver 444 coupled to one or more antennas 446 for transmitting (e.g., on one or more downlink channels) and / or receiving (e.g., on one or more uplink channels) wireless signals 448 and converting signals from wireless signals 448 to wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signals and from wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signals to wireless signals 448. Therefore, transmitter 442 may include multiple transmitters that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components, and / or receiver 444 may include multiple receivers that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components. The wireless transceiver 440 can be configured to support various standards such as 5G New Radio (NR), GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), AMPS (Advanced Mobile Telephone System), CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), WCDMA (Wideband CDMA), LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE Direct (LTE-D), 3GPP LTE-V2X (PC5), IEEE 802.11 (including IEEE 802.11p), WiFi, and WiFi Direct (WiFi-D). Various radio access technologies (RATs) such as Zigbee are used to transmit signals (e.g., with UE 200, one or more UEs, and / or one or more other devices). Wired transceiver 450 may include transmitter 452 and receiver 454 configured for wired communication, for example, with network 135, to send communications to, for example, TRP 300 and to receive communications from TRP 300. Transmitter 452 may include multiple transmitters, which may be discrete components or combined / integrated components, and / or receiver 454 may include multiple receivers, which may be discrete components or combined / integrated components. Wired transceiver 450 may be configured for, for example, optical communication and / or electrical communication.

[0077] Figure 4 The configuration of server 400 shown is illustrative and not intended to limit this disclosure, including the limitations of the claims, and other configurations may be used. For example, wireless transceiver 440 may be omitted. Furthermore or alternatively, the description herein discusses server 400 being configured to perform several functions, but one or more of these functions may be performed by TRP 300 and / or UE 200 (i.e., TRP 300 and / or UE 200 may be configured to perform one or more of these functions).

[0078] refer to Figure 5A and 5BThe diagram illustrates an example downlink PRS resource set. Typically, a PRS resource set is a collection of PRS resources spanning a single base station (e.g., TRP 300) that share the same periodicity, a common silent mode configuration, and the same repetition factor across time slots. A first PRS resource set 502 comprises 4 resources and a repetition factor of 4, with a time slot equal to 1 time slot. A second PRS resource set 504 comprises 4 resources and a repetition factor of 4, with a time slot equal to 4 time slots. The repetition factor indicates the number of times each PRS resource is repeated in each individual instance of the PRS resource set (e.g., values ​​1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32). The time slot represents the offset in time slots between two repeated instances of PRS resources corresponding to the same PRS resource ID within a single instance of the PRS resource set (e.g., values ​​1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32). A PRS resource set containing repeated PRS resources spans a duration not exceeding the PRS periodicity. The repetition of PRS resources allows receiver beams to sweep across repetitions and combine RF gains to increase coverage. Repetition can also enable muting within an instance.

[0079] refer to Figure 6 This illustrates example subframes and time slot formats used for positioning reference signal transmission. The example subframes and time slot formats are included in... Figure 5A and 5B The PRS resource cluster is described in the text. Figure 6 The subframe and time slot formats described are examples and not limitations, and include a comb-2 format 602 with 2 symbols, a comb-4 format 604 with 4 symbols, a comb-2 format 606 with 12 symbols, a comb-4 format 608 with 12 symbols, a comb-6 format 610 with 6 symbols, a comb-12 format 612 with 12 symbols, a comb-2 format 614 with 6 symbols, and a comb-6 format 616 with 12 symbols. Typically, a subframe may include 14 symbol periods indexed from 0 to 13. The subframe and time slot formats can be used for the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). Typically, a base station may transmit PRS from antenna port 6 on one or more time slots in each subframe configured for PRS transmission. The base station may avoid transmitting PRS on resource elements allocated to the PBCH, Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), or Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), regardless of their antenna ports. A cell can generate reference symbols for its PRS based on its cell ID, symbol periodicity index, and time slot index. Typically, a UE can distinguish PRS from different cells.

[0080] A base station can transmit PRS on a specific PRS bandwidth that can be configured by a higher layer. A base station can transmit PRS on spaced subcarriers spanning the PRS bandwidth. A base station can also transmit PRS based on parameters such as PRS periodicity (TPRS), subframe offset (PRS), and PRS duration (NPRS). PRS periodicity is the periodicity of PRS transmission. The PRS period can be, for example, 160, 320, 640, or 1280 milliseconds. Subframe offset indicates the specific subframe in which PRS is transmitted. PRS duration indicates the number of consecutive subframes of PRS transmitted in each period of PRS transmission (PRS timing). The PRS duration can be, for example, 1, 2, 4, or 6 milliseconds.

[0081] The periodic NPRS and subframe offset PRS can be transmitted via the PRS configuration index IPRS. The PRS configuration index and PRS duration can be configured independently by higher layers. A set of consecutive NPRS subframes that transmit PRS can be called a PRS timing. Each PRS timing can be enabled or muted; for example, the UE can apply a mute bit to each cell. The PRS resource set is a collection of PRS resources across base stations that have the same period, a common mute mode configuration, and the same repetition factor across time slots (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32 time slots).

[0082] Generally speaking, Figure 5A and 5B The PRS resource described herein can be a set of resource elements used for PRS transmission. The set of resource elements can span multiple Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) in the frequency domain and N (e.g., one or more) consecutive symbols within a time slot in the time domain. In a given OFDM symbol, the PRS resource occupies a consecutive PRB. A PRS resource is described by at least the following parameters: PRS resource identifier (ID), sequence ID, comb size - N, resource element offset in the frequency domain, start time slot and start symbol, number of symbols per PRS resource (i.e., duration of the PRS resource), and QCL information (e.g., QCL and other DL reference signals). Currently, one antenna port is supported. The comb size indicates the number of subcarriers in each symbol carrying the PRS. For example, a comb size of comb-4 means that every fourth subcarrier of a given symbol carries the PRS.

[0083] A PRS resource set is a group of PRS resources used for the transmission of PRS signals, and each PRS resource has a PRS resource ID. Furthermore, PRS resources in a PRS resource set are associated with the same transmit-receive point (e.g., TRP300). Each PRS resource in a PRS resource set has the same periodicity, a common silence pattern, and the same cross-slot repetition factor. A PRS resource set is identified by a PRS resource set ID and can be associated with a specific TRP (identified by a cell ID) transmitted by the antenna panel of a base station. The PRS resource ID in a PRS resource set can be associated with an omnidirectional signal and / or with a single beam (and / or beam ID) transmitted from a single base station (where a base station can transmit one or more beams). Each PRS resource in a PRS resource set can be transmitted on a different beam, and therefore, a PRS resource, or simply a resource, can also be referred to as a beam. Note that this has no effect on whether the UE knows the base station and beam transmitting the PRS.

[0084] refer to Figure 7 The diagram illustrates an example of a positioning frequency layer 700. In this example, positioning frequency layer 700 can be a collection of PRS resource sets spanning one or more TRPs. Positioning frequency layers can have the same subcarrier spacing (SCS) and cyclic prefix (CP) type, the same point-A, the same DL PRS bandwidth value, the same starting PRB, and the same comb size value. A parameter set supporting PDSCH can also support PRS. Each PRS resource set in positioning frequency layer 700 is a collection of PRS resources spanning one TRP, having the same periodicity, a common silence mode configuration, and the same repetition factor across time slots.

[0085] Please note that the terms Positioning Reference Signal and PRS are reference signals that can be used for positioning, such as, but not limited to, PRS signals, Navigation Reference Signal (NRS) in 5G, Downlink Positioning Reference Signal (DL-PRS), Uplink Positioning Reference Signal (UL-PRS), Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), Cell-Specific Reference Signal (CRS), Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), etc.

[0086] The ability of a UE to process PRS signals varies depending on the UE's capabilities. However, industry standards can typically be developed to establish common PRS capabilities for UEs in the network. For example, existing industry standards might require, assuming a maximum DL PRS bandwidth in MHz, the duration of DL PRS symbols that the UE can process per T milliseconds (in milliseconds (ms), which is supported and reported by the UE. As an example, and not a limitation, the maximum DL PRS bandwidth for the FR1 band could be 5, 10, 20, 40, 50, 80, or 100 MHz, while the maximum DL PRS bandwidth for the FR2 band could be 50, 100, 200, or 400 MHz. These standards can also indicate DL PRS buffering capabilities as Type 1 (i.e., sub-slot / symbol-level buffering) or Type 2 (i.e., slot-level buffering). Common UE capabilities can indicate, assuming a maximum DL PRS bandwidth in MHz, the duration N of DL PRS symbols that the UE can process per T milliseconds (in ms), which is supported and reported by the UE. Example T values ​​can include 8, 16, 20, 30, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280 ms, and example N values ​​can include 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 25, 30, 32, 35, 40, 45, 50 ms. The UE can be configured to report combinations of (N, T) values ​​per frequency band, where N is the duration (in ms) of DL PRS symbols processed per T ms for a given maximum bandwidth (B) in MHz. Generally, it may not be expected that the UE will support DL PRS bandwidth exceeding the reported DL PRS bandwidth value. UE DL PRS processing capabilities can be defined for a single positioning frequency layer 700. UE DL PRS processing capabilities can be independent of DL PRS comb factor configuration, such as... Figure 6 As described in the text, UE processing capability indicates the maximum number of DL PRS resources that a UE can process within a time slot. For example, for each SCS: 15kHz, 30kHz, 60kHz, the maximum number of FR1 bands can be 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64, while for each SCS: 15kHz, 30kHz, 60kHz, 120kHz, the maximum number of FR2 bands can be 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64.

[0087] Higher frequency (e.g., millimeter wave (mmW)) industry standards such as FR4 (i.e., 52.6 GHz – 114.25 GHz) can utilize different DL PRS resources and bandwidth portions to provide DL PRS for the UE. The UE antenna array utilized in mmW applications and the increased bandwidth can affect the transmit and receive beam patterns associated with different bandwidth portions.

[0088] refer to Figure 8 The illustration shows an example bandwidth portion 800 with multiple resource bandwidths. In embodiments, the beam pattern / shape of the signal transmitted from the UE can be associated with bandwidth portions and resource bandwidths. Generally, a bandwidth portion (BWP) 800 represents a set of consecutive common resource blocks in component carriers. In this illustration, the frequency of the BWP 800 is along... Figure 8 The horizontal axis is shown. BWPs can be used to serve UEs that do not support full-channel bandwidth (i.e., when the channel bandwidths of the base station and the UE do not match). In the example, the UE can be configured with up to 4 DL BWPs per carrier and up to 4 UL BWPs per carrier. The UE can use the DLBWPs and UL BWPs to transmit and receive signals such as data channels, control channels CSI-RS, DL-PRS, UL-PRS (SRS), PUCCH, PUSCH, etc. Bandwidth portion information, including one or more BWPs and associated resource BWs (RBWs), can be signaled by one or more System Information Blocks (SIBs) received from the base station. The UE can be configured with a default DL BWP and / or receive parameter structures to configure the initial DL BWP (e.g., using the initialDownlinkBWP parameter structure defined in 3GPP TS 38.211). Parameters for the UL BWPs can be received in the bandwidth portion information (e.g., via SIBs or other dedicated signaling). The base station can dynamically switch the active BWP (e.g., the active BWP) via a bandwidth portion indicator field that has downlink control information (DCI) signals.

[0089] The bandwidth portion information defining the active BWP (i.e., the currently active bandwidth portion 800) may also include resource bandwidth information defining multiple resource BWs, such as first resource BW 802, second resource BW 804, third resource BW 806, and fourth resource BW 808. The terms resource BW, RBW, component carrier, and subband are used interchangeably herein. In contrast to the delay associated with handing over the active BWP, the base station can rapidly change between resource BWs 802, 804, 806, and 808 using DCI-based or Media Access Control Element (MAC-CE) signaling. Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling can be used to configure resource BWs 802, 804, 806, and 808 within BWP 800. BWP 800 is associated with the radio parameters required for communication with the base station (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRS, SRS, PDSCH, PDCCH, DMRS, etc.). When the active BWP is switched, the UE may need to reconfigure its internal radio parameters based on the new BWP. Each of resource BWs 802, 804, 806, and 808 inherits the signaling configuration from the active BWP and can eliminate the need for retuning RF components in some UEs. Resource BWs can cover all or part of the active BWP. For example, the first resource BW 802 covers most of the active BWP, while the second, third, and fourth resource BWs 804, 806, and 808 cover smaller portions of the active BWP. Resource BWs can have discontinuous coverage of the active BWP. For example, the third resource BW 806 includes areas on both edges of the active BWP.

[0090] refer to Figure 9A The diagram shows a perspective view of multiple antenna modules 904a-c in an example user equipment 900. UE 900 may include the features described above in UE 200, but elements not shown in the diagram... Figure 9A The diagram shows an example location of antenna module 904a-c to highlight it. Antenna module 904a-c is an example of a multi-element patch, dipole, strip, and / or other antenna array configuration used in a mobile device and is configured for phased array transmission and reception (e.g., beamforming). Each of antenna modules 904a-c may include an array of elements such as 1x4, 1x5, 1x8, 2x4, 2x5, 2x8, 3x8, etc. The dimensions and size of the array are examples and may vary with increasing operating frequency. Typically, beamforming capability (e.g., array gain) increases with increasing array size. In one example, UE 900 includes frame 902, which is configured to... Figure 9AThe depicted edge receiving antenna modules 904a-c. The thickness of the edge of the UE 900 is an example and not a limitation, as the thickness and dimensions of the antenna modules 904a-c can vary based on technology and other market demands. For example, future wireless devices may have an edge thickness of less than 4.0 mm. The frame 902 may include one or more mounting components configured to fix one or more antenna modules 904a-c along the edge to improve the coverage area of ​​the UE 900. Multiple antenna modules 904a-c support 3D operation, allowing each module to be configured to generate a beam along a different axis. The location and number of antenna modules 904a-c are illustrative, as different wireless devices may include antenna modules on different surfaces of the UE 900 and may have other edge features / controls such as amplitude, on / off, rollers, etc. This may affect the antenna configuration. Generally, as the operating frequency of mobile devices increases, the number of antenna elements in the antenna module also increases. When the size and spacing of the antenna elements are tuned to a specific frequency, the increased number of elements can support improved beamforming capabilities. Higher frequencies can also increase the operating bandwidth required for the wireless channel, and the beamforming capability of the antenna modules can vary across the bandwidth. Furthermore, the state of the UE 900 can affect the beamforming capability of the antenna modules 904a-c. For example, if it is determined that a user's hand is near the first antenna module 904a, the UE 900 can be configured to modify the power output to one or more antenna modules 904a-c. The presence of the user and the orientation of the UE 900 relative to the user can also affect the beam pattern. Similarly, the presence of peripheral devices such as power cords, headphones, and credit card readers can affect the beam pattern generated by one or more antenna modules 904a-c.

[0091] refer to Figure 9BA schematic diagram 950 illustrates an example beam pattern of antenna modules 904a-c based on UE 900. Schematic diagram 950 includes a base station 902 configured to transmit multiple beamforming signals, such as a first beam 954 and a second beam 958. Base station 952 is an example of a TRP 300, such as gNB 110a-b and ng-eNB 114 configured to transmit and receive RF signals using beamforming technology. UE 900 is also configured to transmit and receive RF signals using antenna modules 904a-c and corresponding antenna tuners and phase shifters in transceiver 240. Antenna modules 904a-c and / or transceiver 250 may include at least one radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC). The RFIC may be configured to adjust the power and / or radiation beam pattern associated with antenna modules 904a-c. An RFIC is an example of an antenna controller and can be configured to control the power directed to the antenna array and the generated beam pattern using phase shifters and / or hybrid antenna couplers. For example, a first antenna module 904a can be configured to generate three beams along three different axes, such as first beam 904a-1, second beam 904a-2, and third beam 904a-3. The beam pattern, number, and orientation are examples and not limitations. Other antenna modules can be configured to generate beams on different axes and in different planes. A second antenna module 904b is configured to generate first beam 904b-1, second beam 904b-2, and third beam 904b-3. A third antenna module 904c is configured to generate first beam 904c-1, second beam 904c-2, and third beam 904c-3. Each of the beams from the respective antenna modules 904a-c can be configured to transmit and receive signals from base station 952. The UE 900 is configured to generate beams and corresponding codebook parameters associated with each beam based on tuning circuitry and phase shifters such as RFICs.

[0092] UE 900 can be positioned to receive one or more beams transmitted from base station 952 using one or more antenna modules 904a-c. In an example, base station 952 can be configured to transmit a first set of beamforming reference signals, such as DL-PRS, in a first subband of the frequency layer (e.g., FR4, sub-6G, mmW band, etc.). The beam pattern and beam shape of the first set of beamforming reference signals transmitted by base station 952 are partially based on the frequency of the first subband. The first subband can be BWP, RBW, component carrier (CC), or other distributions of RB in the frequency layer. Base station 952 is configured to generate the first set of beamforming reference signals and corresponding codebook parameters associated with each beam based on tuning circuitry and phase shifters. For example, first beam 954 may correspond to a first DL-PRS resource and have an array gain peak corresponding to the angle associated with first reflector 960. First reflector 960 may be a building or other structure that can cause a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) path 954a based on reflection or refraction of first beam 954. UE 900 can receive NLOS path 954a via the second beam 904c-2 on the third antenna module 904c. The second beam 958 may have a peak array gain angle (i.e., AoD) for UE 900, and UE 900 can receive the second beam 958 using the third beam 904b-3 of the second antenna module 904b. In operation, UE 900 can be configured to utilize the AoD and AoA of the first and / or second beams 954, 958 in positioning calculations. For example, the locations of base station 952 and reflector 960, and the corresponding beam coverage areas associated with AoD, may be known. UE 900 can also be configured to utilize the relative angles between the received beams (e.g., 904b-3, 904c-2) in positioning calculations. Other measurements from the first and second beams 954, 958, and from other base stations ( Figure 9B Beams (not shown in the diagram) can also be used to determine location based on multipoint positioning and other ranging techniques (e.g., TDOA, RTT, RSSI, RSRP, etc.).

[0093] refer to Figure 10A and 10B The diagram shows a graphical example of beam squinting associated with antenna codebook design. Figure 10A and 10B The graph includes an array gain axis 1002 and a space angle axis 1004, and represents the beam generated by two example 16x1 arrays, where the beams are used for GHz ( Figure 10A ) and 71GHz ( Figure 10B The element spacing is equal to half a wavelength (i.e., d = λ / 2). The antenna array is configured to use a codebook of size 12 to cover + / - 50 degrees around the line of sight. Figure 10AEach of the 12 beams in the 57 GHz array is based on the associated codebook parameters for that beam, and Figure 10B Each of the 12 beams in the 71 GHz array is based on associated codebook parameters for that beam. Each graph includes example gain and spatial angle values ​​for three different frequencies: 57 GHz, 61 GHz, and 71 GHz. The different frequency values ​​are examples of different sub-bands that can be utilized with antenna modules 904a-c, and when the frequency in the sub-band differs from the preferred element spacing. That is, the wavelength (λ) of the signal in the sub-band can differ from the array spacing d = λ / 2. Since the array codebook is generally the same regardless of the frequency of the input signal (the codebook loading time depends on the RF settling time, which can be quite high at mm-wave carrier frequencies), the final angle at which the peak in the array gain is seen can vary based on different input signals. This effect is called beam squint. For example, see reference... Figure 10A The array spacing is configured such that d = λ / 2 at 57 GHz. The peak angle of the array gain for the 57 GHz signal 1006 differs from that for the 61 GHz signal 1008, and the peak angle of the array gain for the 61 GHz signal 1008 differs from that for the 71 GHz signal 1010. The further the beam steering angle is from the array's line of sight, the greater the effect of beam slant, which can significantly influence the beam pattern and shape. For example, the outermost beam can vary by approximately 20 degrees across frequencies. In another example, refer to... Figure 10B The array spacing is configured as d = λ / 2 at 71 GHz, the peak angle of the array gain of the 57 GHz signal 1012 is different from the peak angle of the array gain of the 61 GHz signal 1014, and the peak angle of the array gain of the 61 GHz signal 1014 is different from the peak angle of the array gain of the 71 GHz signal 1016.

[0094] exist Figure 10A and 10B The beam pattern plot illustrates that beams across different frequencies may not correlate well. Different beam indices can provide better results at different carrier frequencies, especially towards the edges of the antenna coverage area, where angular differences across frequencies can be more significant. For example, depending on the steering angle of interest, a beam from 57 GHz or 71 GHz can provide improved signal strength (e.g., a gain difference that can be significant at 2-3 dB). In the example, at f c At 71 GHz, a smaller codebook size may be sufficient to cover f c =57GHz covers the same area.

[0095] refer to Figure 11AA schematic diagram 1100 shows an example frequency-dependent beam pattern on a UE 900 using antenna modules 904a-c. Figure 11A The frequencies and beam patterns depicted are examples and simplified to illustrate the concept of beam squinting on mobile devices. These frequencies can be associated with BWP, RBW, CC, RB, or other portions of the frequency domain used for wireless communication. In the example, the first frequency (i.e., frequency X) can be based on a 57 GHz signal and the second frequency (i.e., frequency Y) can be based on a 71 GHz signal. Because the antenna array elements in antenna modules 904a-c are in fixed positions, the corresponding beam patterns undergo beam squinting for different frequencies. Therefore, the beam shape and beam angle can vary based on different frequencies, such as... Figure 11A As illustrated in the example, beam weights associated with different frequencies can be stored on the UE 900 and / or network resources (e.g., LMF 120) and used for positioning calculations. For example, a frequency change from frequency X to frequency Y can alter the corresponding AoD and AoA measurements of the signals transmitted and received by the UE 900.

[0096] refer to Figure 11B A schematic diagram 1100 shows an example user equipment state-related beam pattern on a UE 900 using antenna modules 904a-c. Figure 11B The UE states and beam patterns depicted are examples and simplified to illustrate the concept of state-based beam configuration on mobile devices. Figure 11BThe example beam patterns depicted can be associated with sub-bands, and the beam patterns can differ for the states of different sub-bands. UE states can correspond to detectable hardware configurations and operable use cases. For example, frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar can be used to determine the relative distance between the user and UE 900. Power conditioning and radiation protection algorithms can be used to change the beam pattern based on the user's proximity (e.g., hand, head, pocket position, etc.). Other sensors can also be used to detect the state of UE 900 relative to the user. UE states can also include the use of peripheral devices, such as card readers, headphones, device housings, power cords, etc., which may affect the beam patterns generated by antenna modules 904a-c. Multiple different UE states can be detected and associated with different beam patterns for each sub-band. For example, the first UE state (i.e., UE state 1) includes the first beam pattern of antenna modules 904a-c when card reader 1102 is operatively coupled to UE 900. The second state (i.e., UE state 2) includes the second beam pattern of antenna modules 904a-c when UE 900 is in bracket 1104. Reader 1102 and bracket 1104 are examples of peripheral devices that have a deterministic influence on the beam pattern generated by antenna modules 904a-c. In the example, each UE state may utilize different codebooks (e.g., tuning and phase shifter parameters) to generate beam patterns in different subbands. In the example, UE 900 may have a single codebook independent of the state, and the beam pattern of the subband may be based on field effects caused by the peripheral devices. The resulting beam pattern of antenna modules 904a-c can be characterized based on a combination of frequency and UE state.

[0097] refer to Figure 12 For further reference Figure 11A and 11BAn example data structure 1200 for frequency- and state-based beam patterning is shown. The data structure may be persistently stored as a bitmap, text table, or other computer-readable format in memory 211 of UE 200, memory 311 of TRP 300, and / or memory 411 of server 400. Data structure 1200 may include multiple UE objects 1202 containing beam patterning information based on frequency and UE state parameters. For example, UE objects 1202 may be based on UE device product lines (e.g., manufacturer model), standard bill of materials, or other characteristics that can be associated with the form or function of the UE and used to classify similar UEs. In the example, UE objects 1202 may be associated with a single UE (e.g., based on serial number, user ID, or other unique identifier). Each UE object 1202 may include a set of beam weights to classify antenna gain (e.g., beam) for a combination of frequency and UE state. The frequency may correspond to a defined frequency layer, BWP, RBW, CC, RB, or other range in the frequency domain. The frequencies (e.g., frequency X, frequency Y, frequency Z... frequency xx) in data structure 1200 can be associated with one or more UE states (e.g., UE state 1, UE state 2, UE state 3... UE state n). UE states can correspond to, for example... Figure 11B The detectable hardware configuration and operational use cases described herein. In an embodiment, each UE state 1 may be associated with a codebook, allowing tuning and phase shifter parameters to vary for each UE state. In an embodiment, the codebook may be associated with UE object 1202 and may be used for each of the UE state and frequency combinations.

[0098] In operation, the beam weights in data structure 1200 (e.g., beam weights x.1, x.2, x.3, y.1, y.2…xx.n) can be used to indicate array gain information and beam patterns for corresponding frequency and state combinations. The beam weights can be used by the UE 200 and the network (e.g., gNB 110a, LMF 120) for localization. For example, each beam defined by the beam weights can be associated with a beam identification value and can be used by the UE 200 to calculate the AoA based on DL-PRS, and by the gNB 110a or LMF 120 to determine the AoD of UL signals transmitted by the UE 200. Data structure 1200 can be provided to the network via radio signaling such as via LPP / NPP protocols, Radio Resource Control (RRC), or other message interfaces.

[0099] refer to Figure 13AExample message flow 1300 is shown for providing frequency and state-related beam patterns for downlink-based positioning. Message flow 1300 is an example and not a limitation, as other messaging and signaling technologies can be used to propagate frequency and state-related beam patterns. In an embodiment, message flow 1300 includes a UE 200, a TRP 300, and at least one server 400. In a 5G NR network such as communication system 100, TRP 300 may be gNB 110a-b and server 400 may be one or more of AMF 115 and LMF 120. UE 200 may include configuration data associated with antenna gain and beam performance for different frequencies and UE states. Beam weights in data structure 1200 can be used to generate beam pattern information associated with various UE states and one or more subbands, such as BWP, RBW, CC, or RB used in network DL-PRS configuration. In the example, each of the PRS resources in the positioning frequency layer 700 may be associated with one or more subbands. UE200 can be configured to provide auxiliary data, such as frequency- and state-based antenna array gain distribution, in one or more beamweight information messages 1302. The provided beamweight information messages 1302 can be provided via message transmission using radio protocols (such as LPP, NRPP, RRC messaging) or other signaling interfaces. In the example, TRP 300 can be configured to provide beamweight information to LMF 120 in one or more UE beamweight information messages 1304.

[0100] TRP 300 is configured to transmit one or more reference signals 1306 (e.g., DL-PRS) in a subband, and in phase 1308, UE 200 can be configured to obtain measurements of the reference signals 1306 using a frequency- and state-based receive beam. The receive beam is based on the beam weights corresponding to the current state of UE 200 and the subband in which the DL-PRS 1306 is transmitted. UE 200 can obtain measurements from other TRPs ( Figure 13A (Not shown) UE 200 receives DL-PRS and obtains additional measurements in phase 1308 based on frequency- and state-based received beams. In phase 1312, UE 200 can be configured to determine its location based on DL-PRS measurements and auxiliary data (e.g., base station location information). UE 200 can be configured to report the location results to the network (e.g., gNB 110a, AMF 115, and / or LMF 120) via a reported location message 1316 (e.g., LPP / NRPPa, RRC, etc.).

[0101] In the example, UE 200 can be configured to provide AoA and other PRS beam measurement information to server 400 in one or more provided measurement messages 1310, and in phase 1314, server 400 can be configured to determine the location of UE.

[0102] refer to Figure 13B Example message flow 1350 is shown for providing frequency and state-related beam patterns for uplink-based positioning. Message flow 1350 is an example and not a limitation, as other messaging and signaling techniques can be used to propagate frequency and state-related beam patterns. UE 200 can be configured to provide auxiliary data, such as frequency and state-based antenna array gain distribution in data structure 1200, in one or more beam weight information messages 1302. The provided beam weight information messages 1302 can be provided via messaging using radio protocols such as LPP, NRPP, RRC messaging or other signaling interfaces. In the example, TRP 300 can be configured to provide beam weight information in one or more UE beam weight information messages 1304. Server 400 can be configured to initiate a positioning session by sending a positioning activation request message 1356 to one or more TRPs 300. TRP 300 can be configured to send a UL-SRS activation message 1358, which is configured to trigger or request UE 200 to send one or more UL-SRSs based on a frequency and state-related beam pattern. In an example, UL-SRS activation message 1358 may indicate a frequency / subband (e.g., BWP, RBW, CC, RB, etc.) and the approximate orientation of other neighboring TRPs to which UE 200 should point the UL-SRS. In an embodiment, UL-SRS activation message 1358 may be a Media Access Control (MAC) control element (CE). UE 200 is configured to send one or more UL-SRSs 1360 in response to UL-SRS activation 1358. UL-SRS 1360 will utilize a frequency and state beam pattern based on the desired subband information. In stage 1362, TRP 300 or another TRP receiving UL-SRS 1360 is configured to obtain SRS-based measurements. Measurements may include AoA, RSSI, RTT, RSRP, and RSRQ as requested in Location Activation Request 1356. TRP 300 may forward measurements to server 400 in one or more measurement response messages 1364. Server 400 may be configured to determine the location of UE 200 based on UL-SRS measurements received from multiple TRPs.

[0103] refer to Figure 14 For further reference Figure 1-13BA method 1400 for measuring one or more reference signals based on a frequency- and state-dependent beam pattern includes the stages shown. However, method 1400 is an example and not a limitation. Method 1400 can be modified, for example, by adding, removing, rearranging, combining, performing stages simultaneously, and / or dividing a single stage into multiple stages.

[0104] At stage 1402, the method includes sending array gain information to a network entity, the array gain information including beam pattern information based at least in part on subbands and the state of the mobile device. UE 200 is a component for providing the array gain information. The array gain information may include gain and direction information for at least one of the main lobe, side lobes, beam nulls, and grating lobes of each of a plurality of reference signals. In an example, UE 200 may include array gain information such as data structure 1200, which includes beam weight information of the UE based on the subband (i.e., frequency) and the state of the UE. Data structure 1200 may be based on a bitmap, text field, or other computer-readable data format. Subbands may be based on a PRS resource set in frequency layer 700. In an example, a subband may be a BWP, RBW, CC, RB, or other portion of the spectrum within the operability of UE 200. The state of the UE may be based on a predetermined state included in data structure 1200. For example, the status can be based on the detection of peripheral devices (e.g., headphones, power cords, etc.) and / or the user's proximity (e.g., signal attenuation or other radiation mitigation processes based on hand or head position). Each beam in each beam pattern can be associated with a beam identification value to associate the beam with its orientation relative to the UE 200.

[0105] In phase 1404, the method includes receiving one or more reference signals in one or more subbands, wherein the received beam of each of the one or more reference signals is at least partially based on the subband in which the one or more reference signals are received and the current state of the mobile device. UE 200 is a component for receiving the one or more reference signals. In the example, TRP 300 and adjacent TRPs are configured to transmit DL-PRS within one or more subbands. UE 200 may utilize beam weights based on subband frequency and UE state. For example, reference... Figure 12 The subband can be associated with a first frequency (i.e., frequency X) and the UE can be in a second state (i.e., UE state 2). The UE 200 can use the corresponding beam weight X.2 to receive DL-PRS.

[0106] In stage 1406, the method includes determining a measurement value based on one or more reference signals. UE 200 is a component for obtaining the measurement value based on the reference signals. UE 200 can determine the AoA of the DL-PRS and perform other measurements such as RSSI, RTT, RSRP, RSRQ, etc., based on frequency and state-based beam patterns. In an embodiment, UE 200 can be configured to determine location (i.e., local location determination) based on DL-PRS measurements.

[0107] In phase 1408, the method optionally includes providing a measurement value based on one or more reference signals to a network entity using a mobile device, the one or more reference signals including a receive beam identifier associated with each of the respective receive beams used to receive the one or more reference signals. UE 200 is the component for providing the measurement value. In the example, UE 200 can be configured to provide one or more measurement provision messages 1310 using LPP / NPP, RRC, or other messaging. Measurement message 1310 may include AoA and / or other measurements, and server 400 can be configured to determine the location of UE 200 based on the measurement information.

[0108] refer to Figure 15 For further reference Figure 1-13A Method 1500 for providing an uplink reference signal based on a frequency- and state-dependent beam pattern includes the stages shown. However, method 1500 is an example and not a limitation. Method 1500 can be modified, for example, by adding, removing, rearranging, combining, or performing concurrent stages, and / or dividing a single stage into multiple stages.

[0109] At stage 1502, the method includes receiving array gain information from a mobile device, the array gain information including beam pattern information based at least in part on subbands and the state of the mobile device. TRP 300 is a component for receiving the array gain information. The array gain information may include gain and direction information for at least one of the main lobe, side lobes, beam nulls, and grating lobes of each of a plurality of reference signals. UE 200 may be configured to provide array gain information as data structure 1200, including beam weights (e.g., beam patterns) based on one or more UE states and one or more frequency bands (e.g., BWP, RBW, CC, RB, etc.). In the example, UE 200 may provide the array gain information via one or more beam weight information messages 1302, which may be provided via message transmission using a radio protocol or other signaling interface such as LPP, NRPP, RRC message transmission.

[0110] In phase 1504, the method includes providing an indication of one or more uplink reference signals to be transmitted by a mobile device, at least in part based on array gain information. TRP 300 is a component for providing the indication of one or more uplink reference signals. TRP 300 may provide the array gain information associated with UE 200 received in phase 1502 to a network entity such as LMF 120. For example, TRP 300 may utilize the NRPPa protocol (or other protocols) to provide data structure 1200 to LMF 120. In an example, TRP 300 may receive a location activation request 1356 to obtain UL-SRS from one or more UEs. TRP 300 may be configured to provide UL-SRS activation request message 1358 to UE 200 as an indication of one or more uplink reference signals to be transmitted. In an example, UL-SRS activation request message 1358 may be a MAC-CE message configured to cause UE 200 to transmit UL-SRS 1360. The UL-SRS activation request message 1358 may include an indication of the subbands that the UE 200 wants to transmit on the beam in which it is located. For example, array gain information may indicate in which subbands the UE 200 can transmit based on the current UE state.

[0111] In phase 1506, the method includes measuring an uplink reference signal transmitted by the mobile device in a subband. TRP 300 is a component for measuring the uplink reference signal. UE 200 is configured to transmit SRS based on a beam pattern in data structure 1200. The TRP can determine the AoA of the SRS and other measurements for the received UL-PRS, such as RSSI, RTT, RSRP, RSRQ, etc. In the example, the UL-SRS may include beam identification information based on the beam pattern, and the TRP can determine the relative AoD based on the beam identification information and the beam pattern. In an embodiment, TRP 300 can provide the SRS measurement to a network entity such as LMF 120 via one or more measurement response messages 1364.

[0112] refer to Figure 16 For further reference Figure 1-13B Method 1600 for determining an uplink reference signal based at least in part on a frequency- and state-dependent beam pattern includes the stages shown. However, method 1600 is an example and not a limitation. Method 1600 can be modified, for example, by adding, removing, rearranging, combining, performing stages simultaneously, and / or dividing a single stage into multiple stages.

[0113] At stage 1602, the method includes receiving array gain information associated with a mobile device, the array gain information including beam pattern information at least partially based on subband and mobile device state. LMF 120 is a component for receiving the array gain information. The array gain information may include gain and direction information for at least one of the main lobe, side lobes, beam nulls, and grating lobes of each of a plurality of reference signals. In the example, UE 200 may be configured to provide array gain information to LMF 120 as data structure 1200 or other data structures. The array gain information includes beam pattern information including the relative beam angle of the UE based on subband and UE state. UE 200 may provide the array gain information to serving TRP 300 and TRP 300 may provide the array gain information to LMF 120. For example, UE 200 may utilize LPP / NPP, RRC, or other messaging protocols to provide frequency- and state-based beam pattern information.

[0114] In phase 1604, the method includes determining one or more uplink reference signals to be transmitted by the mobile device, at least in part, based on array gain information and the location of neighboring base stations. LMF 120 is a component for determining one or more uplink reference signals. In the example, the serving cell of UE 200, such as TRP 300, may communicate with UE 200 on a transmit and receive beam generated by the UE (i.e., one of the beams based on frequency and UE state in data structure 1200). LMF 120 may use this serving beam to determine other relevant beams that UE 200 may use to communicate with other neighboring base stations. LMF 120 is configured to select the beam for SRS based on the relative orientation of other stations to UE 200 and the beam pattern of UE 200 based on frequency and UE state. LMF 120 may provide the serving cell with a location activation request 1356 indicating the beam that UE 200 will use to transmit UL-SRS. The serving cell provides UE 200 with a UL-SRS activation message 1358 indicating the SRS beam to be transmitted.

[0115] The techniques described herein are not limited to positioning reference signals. Other reference signals, such as tracking reference signals (TRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), primary synchronization signals (PSS), secondary synchronization signals (SSS), sounding reference signals (SRS), etc., may be associated with one or more subbands, and TRP 300, server 400, and / or UE 200 may be configured to apply frequency- and UE state-related beam patterns as described herein.

[0116] Other examples and implementations are within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software and computers, the above-described functions can be implemented using software, hardware, firmware, hardwired, or any combination thereof executed by a processor. Features implementing the functions can also be physically located in different locations, including distributions such that some functions are implemented in different physical locations.

[0117] As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “one,” and “the” also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, “processor” can include one or more processors. As used herein, the terms “comprise,” “comprising,” “include,” and / or “including” specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0118] Furthermore, as used herein, the “or” used in a list of items beginning with “at least one of…” or “one or more of…” indicates a separate list, such that, for example, a list of “at least one of A, B or C” or a list of “one or more of A, B or C” refers to A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C), or a combination of multiple features (e.g., AA, AAB, ABBC, etc.).

[0119] Substantial changes can be made to suit specific requirements. For example, custom hardware can be used, and / or specific elements can be implemented in hardware, software executed by the processor (including portable software such as applets), or both. Furthermore, connectivity to other computing devices, such as network input / output devices, can be employed.

[0120] The systems and devices discussed above are examples. Various configurations may appropriately omit, substitute, or add various processes or components. For example, features described with respect to certain configurations may be combined in various other configurations. Different aspects and elements of a configuration may be combined in a similar manner. Furthermore, technology is evolving, therefore, many elements are examples and do not limit the scope of this disclosure or the claims.

[0121] A wireless communication system is a system in which communication is transmitted wirelessly, that is, through electromagnetic waves and / or sound waves that propagate in atmospheric space rather than through lines or other physical connections. Not all communications in a wireless communication network may be wirelessly transmitted, but they are configured such that at least some communications are wirelessly transmitted. Furthermore, the term "wireless communication device" or similar terms do not require that the device's functionality be specifically or even primarily for communication, or that the device is a mobile device, but indicate that the device includes wireless communication capabilities (one-way or two-way), for example, including at least one radio for wireless communication (each radio being part of a transmitter, receiver, or transceiver).

[0122] Specific details are provided in the description to offer a thorough understanding of the example configurations (including implementations). However, the configurations can be practiced without these specific details. For example, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques have been shown without unnecessary detail to avoid obscuring the configurations. This description provides example configurations and does not limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the claims. Rather, the foregoing description of the configurations provides a description of how to implement the described techniques. Various changes can be made to the function and arrangement of the elements without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0123] As used herein, the terms “processor-readable medium,” “machine-readable medium,” and “computer-readable medium” refer to any medium that participates in providing data that enables a machine to operate in a particular manner. Using a computing platform, various processor-readable media may involve providing instructions / code to (or more) processors for execution and / or potentially for storing and / or carrying such instructions / code (e.g., as signals). In many embodiments, a processor-readable medium is a physical and / or tangible storage medium. Such media can take many forms, including, but not limited to, non-volatile and volatile media. Non-volatile media include, for example, optical discs and / or magnetic disks. Volatile media include, but are not limited to, dynamic memory.

[0124] A statement that a value exceeds (or is greater than or higher than) a first threshold is equivalent to a statement that the value meets or exceeds a second threshold slightly greater than the first threshold, for example, the second threshold being a value higher than the first threshold in the resolution of the computing system. A statement that a value is less than (or within or below) the first threshold is equivalent to a statement that the value is less than or equal to a second threshold slightly less than the first threshold, for example, the second threshold being a value lower than the first threshold in the resolution of the computing system.

Claims

1. A method for determining the location of a mobile device, comprising: Send array gain information to network entities, the array gain information including beam pattern information based at least in part on subbands and the state of the mobile device; One or more reference signals are received in one or more subbands, wherein the receiving beam for each of the one or more reference signals is based at least in part on the subband in which the one or more reference signals are received and the current state of the mobile device; The measured value is determined based on the one or more reference signals; and The location of the mobile device is determined at least in part based on the measured values, wherein the state of the mobile device is at least in part based on the proximity of the user to the mobile device, or peripheral devices operatively coupled to the mobile device, or a combination thereof.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Determining the location of the mobile device includes providing the network entity with the measurement based on the one or more reference signals, the one or more reference signals including a receive beam identifier associated with each of the respective receive beams used to receive the one or more reference signals.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The peripheral device is at least one of an earphone, a power cord, a card reader, or a mobile device casing.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The subband is based on the portion of active bandwidth utilized by the mobile device.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The subband is based on resource bandwidth.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The array gain information includes beam pattern information based on multiple antenna elements from multiple antenna modules.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The beam pattern information includes gain and direction information of at least one of the main lobe, side lobes, beam nulls, and grating lobes.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The measured values ​​include one or more of the following: Angle of Arrival (AoA), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Round Trip Time (RTT), Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD), Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), and Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ).

9. A method for measuring an uplink reference signal, comprising: Array gain information is received from the mobile device, the array gain information including beam pattern information based at least in part on the sub-bands and the state of the mobile device; The array gain information provides an indication of one or more uplink reference signals to be transmitted by the mobile device. as well as Measure the uplink reference signal transmitted by the mobile device in the subband, wherein the state of the mobile device is based at least in part on the proximity of the user to the mobile device, or on peripheral devices operatively coupled to the mobile device, or a combination thereof.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising providing the network entity with a measurement of the uplink reference signal.

11. The method according to claim 9, wherein, The peripheral device is at least one of an earphone, a power cord, a card reader, or a mobile device casing.

12. The method according to claim 9, wherein, The subband is based on the portion of active bandwidth utilized by the mobile device.

13. The method according to claim 9, wherein, The subband is based on resource bandwidth.

14. The method according to claim 9, wherein, The array gain information includes beam pattern information based on multiple antenna modules.

15. The method according to claim 9, wherein, The beam pattern information includes gain and direction information of at least one of the main lobe, side lobes, beam nulls, and grating lobes.

16. The method according to claim 9, wherein, Measuring the uplink reference signal includes obtaining one or more of the following: Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Round-Trip Time (RTT), Reference Time Difference (RSTD), Reference Received Power (RSRP), and Reference Received Quality (RSRQ).

17. An apparatus comprising: Memory; At least one transceiver; At least one processor, communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, is configured to: The at least one transceiver is used to transmit array gain information to a network entity, the array gain information including beam pattern information based at least in part on subbands and the state of the device; The at least one transceiver is used to receive one or more reference signals in one or more subbands, wherein the receive beam for each of the one or more reference signals is based at least in part on the subband in which the one or more reference signals are received and the current state of the device; The measured value is determined based on the one or more reference signals; as well as The location is determined at least in part based on the measurements, wherein the state of the device is at least in part based on the proximity of the user to the device, or operatively coupled to the peripheral devices of the device, or a combination thereof.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein, The at least one processor is further configured to provide the network entity with the measurement based on the one or more reference signals, the one or more reference signals including a receive beam identifier associated with each of the respective receive beams used to receive the one or more reference signals.

19. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein, The peripheral device is at least one of an earphone, a power cord, a card reader, or a mobile device casing.

20. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein, The subband is based on the portion of the active bandwidth utilized by the device.

21. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein, The subband is based on resource bandwidth.

22. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein, The array gain information includes beam pattern information based on multiple antenna elements from multiple antenna modules.

23. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein, The beam pattern information includes the gain and direction information of at least one of the main lobe, side lobes, beam nulls, and grating lobes.

24. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein, The measured values ​​include one or more of the following: Angle of Arrival (AoA), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Round Trip Time (RTT), Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD), Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), and Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ).

25. An apparatus comprising: Memory; At least one transceiver; At least one processor, communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, is configured to: The at least one transceiver is used to receive array gain information from the mobile device, the array gain information including beam pattern information based at least in part on the subband and the state of the mobile device; The array gain information provides an indication of one or more uplink reference signals to be transmitted by the mobile device. as well as Measure the uplink reference signal transmitted by the mobile device in the subband, wherein the state of the mobile device is based at least in part on the proximity of the user to the mobile device, or on peripheral devices operatively coupled to the mobile device, or a combination thereof.

26. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein, The at least one processor is also configured to provide network entities with measurements of the uplink reference signal.

27. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein, The peripheral device is at least one of an earphone, a power cord, a card reader, or a mobile device casing.

28. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein, The subband is based on the portion of active bandwidth utilized by the mobile device.

29. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein, The subband is based on resource bandwidth.

30. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein, The array gain information includes beam pattern information based on multiple antenna modules.

31. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein, The beam pattern information includes the gain and direction information of at least one of the main lobe, side lobes, beam nulls, and grating lobes.

32. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein, Measuring the uplink reference signal includes obtaining one or more of the following: Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Round-Trip Time (RTT), Reference Time Difference (RSTD), Reference Received Power (RSRP), and Reference Received Quality (RSRQ).

33. An apparatus for determining the location of a mobile device, comprising: A component for sending array gain information to a network entity, the array gain information including beam pattern information based at least in part on the subband and the state of the mobile device; Components for receiving one or more reference signals in one or more subbands, wherein the receiving beam for each of the one or more reference signals is based at least in part on the subband in which the one or more reference signals are received and the current state of the mobile device. Components for determining measured values ​​based on the one or more reference signals; and Components for determining the location of the mobile device based at least in part on the measured values, wherein the state of the mobile device is based at least in part on the proximity of the user to the mobile device, or on peripheral devices operatively coupled to the mobile device, or a combination thereof.

34. An apparatus for measuring an uplink reference signal, comprising: A component for receiving array gain information from a mobile device, the array gain information including beam pattern information based at least in part on subbands and the state of the mobile device; Components for providing an indication of one or more uplink reference signals to be transmitted by the mobile device, based at least in part on the array gain information; as well as Components for measuring uplink reference signals transmitted by the mobile device in the subband, wherein the state of the mobile device is based at least in part on the proximity of the user to the mobile device, or on peripheral devices operatively coupled to the mobile device, or a combination thereof.

35. A non-transitory processor-readable storage medium including processor-readable instructions configured to cause one or more processors to determine the location of a mobile device, comprising: Code for sending array gain information to network entities, the array gain information including beam pattern information based at least in part on subbands and the state of the mobile device; Code for receiving one or more reference signals in one or more subbands, wherein the receiving beam for each of the one or more reference signals is based at least in part on the subband in which the one or more reference signals are received and the current state of the mobile device; Code for determining the measured value based on the one or more reference signals; and Code for determining the location of the mobile device based at least in part on the measurement value, wherein the state of the mobile device is based at least in part on the proximity of the user to the mobile device, or on peripheral devices operatively coupled to the mobile device, or a combination thereof.

36. A non-transitory processor-readable storage medium including processor-readable instructions configured to cause one or more processors to measure an uplink reference signal, comprising: Code for receiving array gain information from a mobile device, the array gain information including beam pattern information based at least in part on subbands and the state of the mobile device; Code for providing an indication of one or more uplink reference signals to be transmitted by the mobile device, based at least in part on the array gain information; as well as Code for measuring uplink reference signals transmitted by the mobile device in the subband, wherein the state of the mobile device is based at least in part on the proximity of the user to the mobile device, or on peripheral devices operatively coupled to the mobile device, or a combination thereof.

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