Antenna element and antenna

Abstract

This invention provides an antenna element and an antenna. The antenna element includes a radiating plate. The radiating plate is polygonal, and a portion of it is bent downwards to form multiple support portions and multiple perforations. Multiple corners of the radiating plate are bent downwards to form multiple angle portions. The support portions serve to support and connect the elements. Simultaneously, by forming angle portions on the radiating plate, the isolation of the element is optimized, and the cross-polarization ratio of the arrayed elements meets conventional specifications without adding boundary conditions.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to an antenna element and an antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] The sheet metal stamping element is a kind of element commonly used in 5G Massive MIMO (Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output) base station antenna, and in the array composed of the element, boundary conditions (such as metal sheets) need to be added in the subarray to realize the optimization of cross-polarization ratio, which cannot meet the lightweight requirement of the base station antenna structure. SUMMARY

[0003] Therefore, the present application aims to provide an antenna element and an antenna, which can make the cross-polarization ratio of the array composed of the element meet the conventional index without adding boundary conditions.

[0004] In a first aspect, an antenna element is provided, which comprises a radiation plate, the radiation plate being a polygon, and a part of the radiation plate being bent downward to form a plurality of support portions and a plurality of cutouts, and a plurality of corners of the radiation plate being bent downward to form a plurality of corner bending portions.

[0005] Further, the height of the corner bending portion is greater than or equal to 0.045 times the central frequency wavelength and less than or equal to 0.105 times the central frequency wavelength.

[0006] Further, the radiation plate is a square, the side length of the radiation plate is greater than or equal to 0.32 times the central frequency wavelength and less than or equal to 0.42 times the central frequency wavelength, and the four cutouts are uniformly distributed at the diagonal lines of the radiation plate.

[0007] Further, the diagonal line of the radiation plate is perpendicular to the plane where the corresponding corner bending portion is located.

[0008] Further, the cutout comprises a main body portion and a deflection portion located on the corner bending portion, the main body portion is a rectangle, and the length of the main body portion is greater than or equal to 0.09 times the central frequency wavelength and less than or equal to 0.15 times the central frequency wavelength.

[0009] Further, the support portion is bent downward along the inner edge of the cutout.

[0010] Further, the lower end of the support portion is bent to form a connecting portion.

[0011] Further, the height of the support portion is greater than or equal to 0.06 times the central frequency wavelength and less than or equal to 0.12 times the central frequency wavelength.

[0012] Further, the perforation is rectangular, and the width of the perforation is greater than or equal to 0.025 times the central frequency wavelength and less than or equal to 0.045 times the central frequency wavelength.

[0013] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application further provide an antenna, comprising: a feed; the antenna element as described in the first aspect, the antenna element being electrically connected to the feed through the support; and a radome, the radome covering the antenna element.

[0014] The embodiments of the present application provide an antenna element and an antenna, the antenna element comprising a radiation plate. The radiation plate is polygonal, and part of the area is bent downward to form a plurality of support portions and a plurality of perforations, and a plurality of corner bending portions are formed by bending a plurality of corners of the radiation plate downward. Wherein, the support portion plays a supporting and connecting role. At the same time, by forming the corner bending portion on the radiation plate, the isolation of the element is optimized, and the cross-polarization ratio of the element array can meet the conventional index without adding boundary conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the present application taken with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0016] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna element provided by the first embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna element provided by the first embodiment of the present application from another perspective;

[0018] Figure 3 is a top view size schematic diagram of an antenna element provided by the first embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 4 is a front view size schematic diagram of an antenna element provided by the first embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna element provided by the second embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna element provided by the second embodiment of the present application from another perspective;

[0022] Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna provided by the third embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 8 is an exploded schematic diagram of an antenna provided by the third embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present application is described below based on examples, but the present application is not limited to only these examples. In the following detailed description of the present application, some specific details are described in detail. The present application can also be fully understood without the description of these details by those skilled in the art. In order to avoid confusion of the essence of the present application, well-known methods, processes, procedures, elements and circuits are not described in detail.

[0025] In addition, those skilled in the art should understand that the drawings provided herein are for illustrative purposes only, and the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0026] Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description, the words "comprise", "comprising", and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of "including, but not limited to".

[0027] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise stated, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more.

[0028] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna element A provided by the first embodiment of the present application, Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of another view of an antenna element A provided by the first embodiment of the present application, as Figures 1-2 As shown in the figure, the antenna element A includes a radiation plate 1 for transmitting or receiving communication signals. Further, part of the radiation plate 1 is bent downward to form a plurality of support portions 11 and a plurality of cutouts 12. Among them, the support portion 11 plays a supporting and feeding role for the radiation plate 1. It should be noted that the antenna element A in the present embodiment is formed by stamping a sheet metal part (such as an aluminum sheet or a copper sheet). That is, the sheet metal part forms the radiation plate 1 and the downwardly bent support portion 11 after being stamped into a flat plate structure, and the cutout 12 is a through hole on the radiation plate 1 corresponding to the support portion 11.

[0029] Further, in combination with Figures 1-2As shown, the antenna element A of the embodiment is a structural improvement of the square-shaped radiation plate 1. Specifically, the four corners of the radiation plate 1 are bent downward to form four corner bending portions 13. In this way, the antenna element A is manufactured by stamping in one piece, which is simple and efficient, and greatly reduces the material cost. It should be noted that in an alternative embodiment, the corner bending portions 13 can be formed by bending the part of the corners of the radiation plate 1 downward, for example, two corners are bent downward to form two corner bending portions 13. In another alternative embodiment, the radiation plate 1 can be provided in the shape of a regular pentagon, a regular hexagon or other symmetrical polygon, and the corresponding number of corners are bent downward to form a plurality of corner bending portions 13. In this way, the stability of the antenna phase center is ensured. On the other hand, the antenna element A is stamped from a thin metal sheet, i.e. the radiation plate 1 is a thin metal sheet, which meets the design requirements of lightweight antenna.

[0030] It should be noted that the antenna element A of the embodiment is improved by the radiation plate 1, i.e. the corner bending portions 13 formed by stamping, which optimizes the isolation of the antenna element A, and can make the cross-polarization ratio of the antenna element A after being composed into an array meet the conventional index without adding boundary conditions. On the other hand, the setting of the perforations 12 on the radiation plate 1 helps to reduce the weight of the antenna element A, so as to realize the lightweight of the antenna element A and the antenna.

[0031] In combination Figure 4 As shown, in the embodiment, the bending angle of the corner bending portion 13 is 90°, i.e. the corner bending portion 13 is perpendicular to the radiation plate 1. Further, the height L4 of the corner bending portion 13 is greater than or equal to 0.045 times the center frequency wavelength and less than or equal to 0.105 times the center frequency wavelength. It should be noted that the antenna has a certain working frequency range, within which the antenna impedance is minimum and the efficiency is highest. Among them, the best point in the middle of the working frequency range is the center working frequency, and the center frequency wavelength refers to the wavelength of the center working frequency. In an embodiment, the height L4 of the corner bending portion 13 is set to 0.075 times the center frequency wavelength. In this way, by setting the corner bending portion 13, the isolation of the antenna element A can be increased and the array cross-polarization ratio can be optimized.

[0032] In combination Figure 3As shown in the embodiment, the square radiation plate 1 corresponding to the antenna element A is structurally improved, and the side length Ll of the square radiation plate 1 is greater than or equal to 0.32 times the center frequency wavelength and less than or equal to 0.42 times the center frequency wavelength. In an embodiment, the side length Ll of the radiation plate 1 is set to 0.37 times the center frequency wavelength, that is, the antenna element A is punched from a metal sheet with a side length of 0.37 times the center frequency wavelength, and the relative bandwidth of the operating frequency of the antenna element A is 14.3%. Further, the four cutouts 12 are all rectangular through holes. The four cutouts 12 are uniformly distributed at the diagonals of the radiation plate 1 and form a central symmetric cross. Meanwhile, each cutout 12 corresponds to a corner portion 13 and a support portion 11.

[0033] Further, in combination with Figures 1-2 As shown in the embodiment, the diagonal of the radiation plate 1 is perpendicular to the plane where the corresponding corner portion 13 is located. That is, the corner portion 13 is bent along a straight line on the radiation plate 1 which is perpendicular to the diagonal, so that the corner portion 13 forms an axisymmetric structure. Meanwhile, the plurality of corner portions 13 also form a central symmetric structure about the center of the radiation plate 1. Thus, the stability of the antenna phase center is ensured.

[0034] As shown in the embodiment, the diagonal of the radiation plate 1 is perpendicular to the plane where the corresponding corner portion 13 is located. That is, the corner portion 13 is bent along a straight line on the radiation plate 1 which is perpendicular to the diagonal, so that the corner portion 13 forms an axisymmetric structure. Meanwhile, the plurality of corner portions 13 also form a central symmetric structure about the center of the radiation plate 1. Thus, the stability of the antenna phase center is ensured. Figure 1 As shown in the embodiment, the cutout 12 includes a main body portion 121 and a deflection portion 122. The deflection portion 122 is located on the corner portion 13. That is, the corner portion 13 is bent along a straight line which is perpendicular to the diagonal of the radiation plate 1 and passes through the cutout 12, so that the rectangular cutout 12 is divided into two rectangular portions. Further, as shown in the embodiment, the main body portion 121 is parallel to the corresponding diagonal of the radiation plate 1, and the length L2 is greater than or equal to 0.09 times the center frequency wavelength and less than or equal to 0.15 times the center frequency wavelength. In an embodiment, the length L2 of the main body portion 121 is set to 0.12 times the center frequency wavelength. Figure 3 As shown in the embodiment, the diagonal of the radiation plate 1 is perpendicular to the plane where the corresponding corner portion 13 is located. That is, the corner portion 13 is bent along a straight line on the radiation plate 1 which is perpendicular to the diagonal, so that the corner portion 13 forms an axisymmetric structure. Meanwhile, the plurality of corner portions 13 also form a central symmetric structure about the center of the radiation plate 1. Thus, the stability of the antenna phase center is ensured.

[0035] As shown in the embodiment, the diagonal of the radiation plate 1 is perpendicular to the plane where the corresponding corner portion 13 is located. That is, the corner portion 13 is bent along a straight line on the radiation plate 1 which is perpendicular to the diagonal, so that the corner portion 13 forms an axisymmetric structure. Meanwhile, the plurality of corner portions 13 also form a central symmetric structure about the center of the radiation plate 1. Thus, the stability of the antenna phase center is ensured. Figures 1-2 As shown in the embodiment, the diagonal of the radiation plate 1 is perpendicular to the plane where the corresponding corner portion 13 is located. That is, the corner portion 13 is bent along a straight line on the radiation plate 1 which is perpendicular to the diagonal, so that the corner portion 13 forms an axisymmetric structure. Meanwhile, the plurality of corner portions 13 also form a central symmetric structure about the center of the radiation plate 1. Thus, the stability of the antenna phase center is ensured.

[0036] As shown in the embodiment, the diagonal of the radiation plate 1 is perpendicular to the plane where the corresponding corner portion 13 is located. That is, the corner portion 13 is bent along a straight line on the radiation plate 1 which is perpendicular to the diagonal, so that the corner portion 13 forms an axisymmetric structure. Meanwhile, the plurality of corner portions 13 also form a central symmetric structure about the center of the radiation plate 1. Thus, the stability of the antenna phase center is ensured. Figure 2 Figure 4 ​As shown, in this embodiment, the lower end of the support portion 11 is bent inward to form a connecting portion 111, through which the antenna element A is electrically connected to the feed element B. In one embodiment, the bending angle of the connecting portion 111 is 90°, that is, the connecting portion 111 is perpendicular to the support portion 11 and parallel to the radiating plate 1. Thus, after the antenna element A is electrically connected through the connecting portion 111, the radiating plate 1 remains parallel to the radome C, thereby ensuring the propagation effect of electromagnetic waves.

[0037] It should be noted that since there are four support parts 11, there are correspondingly four connecting parts 111. Thus, the antenna element A is connected to the four feed points on the feed component B through the four connecting parts 111, that is, a four-point feeding method is adopted to ensure the stability of the antenna phase center.

[0038] Combination Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the height L5 of the support portion 11 is greater than or equal to 0.06 center frequency wavelengths and less than or equal to 0.12 center frequency wavelengths. In one embodiment, the height L5 of the support portion 11 is set to 0.09 center frequency wavelengths.

[0039] Combination Figures 1-3 As shown, in this embodiment, the width of the perforation 12 is parallel to the adjacent side of the radiating plate 1. Further, the width L3 of the perforation 12 is greater than or equal to 0.025 wavelengths of the center frequency and less than or equal to 0.045 wavelengths of the center frequency. In one embodiment, the width L3 of the perforation 12 is set to 0.035 wavelengths of the center frequency. It is readily understood that the perforation 12 can also be configured in other shapes, with the shape of the support portion 11 corresponding to the perforation 12.

[0040] The first embodiment of this application improves the design of the radiating surface of the antenna element A by setting a bend 13 on the radiating plate 1 of the antenna element A, thereby optimizing the isolation of the antenna element A and the cross-polarization ratio after the antenna elements A are arrayed, so that the cross-polarization ratio of the array meets the conventional index without adding boundary conditions.

[0041] Combination Figures 5-6 As shown, the second embodiment of this application also provides an antenna element A. Part of the structure of the antenna element A is as described above and will not be repeated here. It should be noted that the antenna element A also includes multiple slots a and / or multiple bends b1. That is, the antenna element A can simultaneously include a bend 13 and slots a, or simultaneously include a bend 13 and bends b1, or simultaneously include a bend 13, slots a, and bends b1. Therefore, by providing slots a and / or bends b1 on the basis of having a bend 13, the isolation and array cross-polarization ratio of the antenna element A can be further optimized.

[0042] Specifically, in one embodiment, the antenna element A includes both a bend 13 and a slot a. The slot a is located in the central region of the radiating plate 1, i.e., inside the multiple perforations 12, and the number and distribution of the slots a match the perforations 12. More specifically, corresponding to four rectangular perforations 12, each of the four slots a includes a slot body parallel to the width of the adjacent perforation 12, and two symmetrical extensions extending outwards from both ends of the slot body. It should be noted that the angle between the slot body and the extensions of the slot a is 135°. On the other hand, the width of the slot a can be set as needed, while the length of the slot a is greater than or equal to 0.05 center frequency wavelengths and less than or equal to 0.25 center frequency wavelengths. The length of the slot body of the slot a is greater than or equal to 0.04 center frequency wavelengths and less than or equal to 0.06 center frequency wavelengths. Thus, by adding slots a, the antenna element A further optimizes its isolation and array cross-polarization ratio.

[0043] In another embodiment, the antenna element A includes both a bend 13 and a bending portion b1. The radiating plate 1 bends downwards in the area between two adjacent perforations 12 to form multiple bending portions b1 and multiple additional perforations b2. More specifically, the four perforations 12 are rectangular, and the four additional perforations b2 are set as isosceles trapezoids, with the shorter upper base near the center of the radiating plate 1 and the longer lower base near the edge of the radiating plate 1, and the upper and lower bases are parallel to adjacent sides on the radiating plate 1. Furthermore, the two sides of the additional perforations b2 are parallel to an adjacent diagonal, i.e., the two sides are perpendicular to each other. It should be noted that the length of the lower base of the additional perforation b2 is greater than or equal to 0.07 wavelengths of the center frequency and less than or equal to 0.13 wavelengths of the center frequency, while the length of the height of the additional perforation b2 is greater than or equal to 0.05 wavelengths of the center frequency and less than or equal to 0.09 wavelengths of the center frequency. It is easily understood that the additional perforations b2 can also be set to other shapes, with the shape of the bending portion b1 corresponding to the additional perforation b2. Therefore, by adding a bending section b1, the isolation and array cross-polarization ratio of antenna element A are further optimized.

[0044] In another embodiment, antenna element A includes a bend 13, a slot a, and a bend b1. The structural features of the slot a and the bend b1 are as described above and will not be repeated here. It is readily understood that by simultaneously adding the slot a and the bend b1, antenna element A further optimizes its isolation and array cross-polarization ratio.

[0045] The second embodiment of this application improves the design of the radiating surface of the antenna element A by adding a gap a and / or a bending part b1 to the existing corner part 13. This further optimizes the isolation of the antenna element A and the cross-polarization ratio after the antenna element A is arrayed, so that the cross-polarization ratio of the array meets the conventional index without adding boundary conditions.

[0046] Combination Figures 7-8 As shown, the third embodiment of this application provides an antenna, which includes an antenna element A, a feed element B, an radome C, and a reflector. The structure of the antenna element A is as described above and will not be repeated here. The antenna element A is electrically connected to the feed element B via a connecting portion 111 on the support portion 11, and the radome C covers the antenna element A.

[0047] Specifically, the power supply component B includes a circuit board with a power supply circuit on the side of the circuit board facing the antenna element A. The connection part of the antenna element A is connected to the power supply point of the power supply circuit through fully automated reflow soldering (surface mount soldering) or other methods, which can save assembly manpower and assembly time. The radome C is made of materials such as polyvinyl chloride or fiberglass, thus serving as an encapsulation and protection function.

[0048] The third embodiment of this application improves the design of the radiating surface of the antenna element A by setting a bend 13 on the antenna element A, or by adding a gap a and / or a bend b1 on it. This optimizes the isolation of the antenna element A and the cross-polarization ratio after the antenna element A is arrayed, so that the cross-polarization ratio of the array meets the conventional index without adding boundary conditions.

[0049] This application provides an antenna element and an antenna. The antenna element includes a radiating plate. The radiating plate is polygonal, and a portion of it is bent downwards to form multiple support portions and multiple perforations. Multiple corners of the radiating plate are bent downwards to form multiple angle portions. The support portions serve to support and connect the elements. Furthermore, by forming angle portions on the radiating plate, the isolation of the element is optimized, and the cross-polarization ratio of the arrayed elements meets conventional specifications without adding boundary conditions.

[0050] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can be modified and varied in various ways. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna element, characterized by The antenna element (A) comprises: a radiation plate (1) which is polygonal, a part of the radiation plate (1) is bent downward to form a plurality of support portions (11) and a plurality of cutouts (12), a plurality of corners of the radiation plate (1) are bent downward to form a plurality of bent corner portions (13) which are perpendicular to the radiation plate (1); wherein the radiation plate (1) is bent downward to form a plurality of bent portions (b1) and a plurality of additional cutouts (b2) in the area between two adjacent cutouts (12).

2. The antenna element of claim 1, wherein, The height of the bent corner portion (13) is greater than or equal to 0.045 times the central frequency wavelength and less than or equal to 0.105 times the central frequency wavelength.

3. The antenna element of claim 1, wherein, The radiation plate (1) is square, the side length of the radiation plate (1) is greater than or equal to 0.32 times the central frequency wavelength and less than or equal to 0.42 times the central frequency wavelength; The four cutouts (12) are uniformly distributed at the diagonal lines of the radiation plate (1).

4. The antenna element of claim 3, wherein, The diagonal line of the radiation plate (1) is perpendicular to the plane where the corresponding bent corner portion (13) is located.

5. The antenna element of claim 1, wherein, The cutout (12) comprises a main body portion (121) and a deflection portion (122) located on the bent corner portion (13); The main body portion (121) is rectangular, the length of the main body portion (121) is greater than or equal to 0.09 times the central frequency wavelength and less than or equal to 0.15 times the central frequency wavelength.

6. The antenna element of claim 1, wherein, The support portion (11) is bent downward along the inner edge of the cutout (12).

7. The antenna element of claim 1, wherein, The lower end of the support portion (11) is bent to form a connecting portion (111).

8. The antenna element of claim 1, wherein, The height of the support portion (11) is greater than or equal to 0.06 times the central frequency wavelength and less than or equal to 0.12 times the central frequency wavelength.

9. The antenna element of claim 1, wherein, The cutout (12) is rectangular, the width of the cutout (12) is greater than or equal to 0.025 times the central frequency wavelength and less than or equal to 0.045 times the central frequency wavelength.

10. An antenna, characterized by The antenna comprises: a feed (B); the antenna element (A) according to any one of claims 1-9, the antenna element (A) is electrically connected to the feed (B) through the support portion (11); and a radome (C) covering the antenna element (A).

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