Gas well pressure acoustic wave measurement and monitoring method and device

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of natural gas extraction technology, and specifically discloses a gas well pressure acoustic wave measurement and monitoring method and device, the method comprising the following steps: emitting an acoustic wave from a wellhead, monitoring the echo generated after the acoustic wave reaches the bottom of the well; correcting the downhole acoustic wave transmission model; establishing a downhole acoustic wave transmission model of a target gas well based on the corrected downhole acoustic wave transmission model; emitting a measurement acoustic wave from the wellhead, monitoring the echo generated after the acoustic wave reaches the bottom of the well; comparing the echo data with the downhole acoustic wave transmission model of the target gas well, and finding the difference according to the different peak positions; and calculating and determining the interval where the pressure anomaly occurs based on the acoustic wave peak offset and the downhole acoustic wave transmission model of the target gas well. The gas well pressure acoustic wave measurement and monitoring method and device provided by the present invention use fixed-frequency acoustic waves to measure and monitor the downhole pressure situation, and do not require operators to operate next to the gas production tree, which can reduce the safety risks of on-site personnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention specifically relates to the technical field of natural gas exploitation, and in particular to a gas well pressure acoustic wave measurement and monitoring method and device. Background Art

[0002] Correctly monitoring the pressure distribution in the wellbore during natural gas extraction is conducive to the dynamic analysis of the gas well production system and the optimal design of production facilities. For high-temperature, high-pressure and corrosive media (such as H2S, CO2, etc.) gas wells, the monitoring of temperature and pressure is more important for preventing hydrogen embrittlement and fracture of steel. The traditional method of monitoring downhole pressure is to use a pressure gauge. These pressure gauges are either permanently installed in the well or lowered into the well by wire rope after the well is shut down for measurement. If a problem occurs with the permanent pressure gauge installed in the wellbore, it is not easy to calibrate and replace it. The cost and risk of the downhole pressure gauge and then the ground reading are relatively high. High temperature and scaling usually interfere with the downhole pressure gauge reading, and hanging wire rope logging from the wellhead is a high-risk and high-cost operation method. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a gas well pressure acoustic wave measurement monitoring method and device to solve the problems of inaccurate measurement, high personal risk for logging operators and high well shutdown costs in the current gas well production monitoring method mentioned in the above background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A gas well pressure acoustic wave measurement and monitoring method comprises the following steps:

[0006] S10, sending a sound wave from the wellhead, and monitoring the echo generated after the sound wave reaches the well bottom;

[0007] S20, using the actual variable diameter depth record of the gas well and the echo peak position to correct the downhole acoustic wave transmission model, the downhole acoustic wave transmission model is:

[0008]

[0009] S30, establishing a downhole acoustic wave transmission model of the target gas well based on the revised downhole acoustic wave transmission model;

[0010] S40, sending a measuring sound wave from the wellhead, and monitoring the echo generated after the sound wave reaches the well bottom;

[0011] S50, comparing the echo data with the downhole acoustic wave transmission model of the target gas well, and finding the difference according to the difference in the wave peak positions;

[0012] S60: Based on the acoustic wave peak deviation and the downhole acoustic wave transmission model of the target gas well, calculate and determine the interval where the pressure anomaly occurs.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: in step S10, the device that emits sound waves from the wellhead is a sound wave transmitter, the sound waves emitted by the sound wave transmitter at the wellhead are sound waves of fixed frequency, and the device for monitoring echoes is a signal receiver, which receives the bottom hole echo data and stores the data locally.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: in step S20 of the present invention, the linear correction formula of the downhole acoustic wave transmission model is:

[0015]

[0016] Among them, q d represents a dipole domain source, Q m represents a monopolar domain source, p t represents the total sound pressure, t represents time, and c represents the speed of sound.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention: in step S20, when the acoustic wave propagation distance is greater than the wavelength, the nonlinear correction of the downhole acoustic wave transmission model is as follows:

[0018]

[0019] Among them, δ is the diffusivity of sound and β is the nonlinear coefficient.

[0020] A gas well pressure acoustic wave measurement and monitoring device comprises a wellhead device and a local device, wherein the wellhead device is communicatively connected to a main device and is also connected to a gas tree, wherein:

[0021] The wellhead device includes a detection sensor module for transmitting sound waves into the well and receiving echoes from the well;

[0022] The local device includes a user control terminal and an electronic device, the user control terminal includes a user module and a display module, and the electronic device includes an input module, a processing module and a storage module, wherein:

[0023] User module, used to send user control instructions;

[0024] An input module is used to obtain bottom hole echo data;

[0025] A processing module is used to construct a downhole acoustic wave transmission model, perform calculations based on the downhole acoustic wave transmission model and the bottom hole echo data, and obtain calculation results;

[0026] A storage module, used for storing calculation results and bottom hole echo data;

[0027] The display module is used to display the calculation results and bottom hole echo data.

[0028] As a further solution of the present invention: the wellhead device further includes a first communication module, and the wellhead device is communicatively connected with the local device via the first communication module.

[0029] As a further solution of the present invention: the local device also includes a second communication module, and the second communication module is connected to the first communication module and is used for communication connection between the wellhead device and the local device.

[0030] As a further solution of the present invention: the wellhead device and the gas tree are fixed with a connecting flange by bolts, and the connecting flange is installed above the valve at the top of the gas tree.

[0031] As a further solution of the present invention: a sealing device is also provided in the wellhead device, and the sealing device is used to seal and protect the equipment in the wellhead device.

[0032] The present invention also discloses a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the gas well pressure acoustic wave measurement and monitoring method described above are implemented.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. The gas well pressure acoustic wave measuring and monitoring device provided by the present invention uses fixed frequency acoustic waves to measure and monitor downhole pressure conditions. It does not require operators to operate next to the gas tree, which can reduce the safety risks of on-site personnel.

[0035] 2. The present invention measures the echo at the variable diameter point in the well by using fixed frequency sound waves, and corrects the depth data of the variable diameter point to obtain an accurate gas well downhole sound wave transmission model.

[0036] 3. The present invention does not require the installation of additional equipment underground, nor does it require the well to be shut down for measurement, which significantly reduces the cost of underground measurement of gas wells and has broad application prospects.

[0037] 4. The present invention utilizes acoustic wave detection to obtain result data more quickly than traditional methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of the gas well pressure acoustic wave measurement monitoring method.

[0039] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the flow of the gas well pressure acoustic wave measurement and monitoring method.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of a gas well pressure acoustic wave measurement and monitoring device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] The traditional method of monitoring downhole pressure is to use a pressure gauge. These pressure gauges are either permanently installed in the well or lowered into the well by wire rope after the well is shut down for measurement. If a permanent pressure gauge is installed in the wellbore, it is not easy to calibrate and replace it. The cost and risk of using a downhole pressure gauge and then reading it on the ground are high. High temperature and scaling in the well usually interfere with the reading of the downhole pressure gauge, and hanging a wire rope from the wellhead for logging is a high-risk and high-cost operation.

[0043] Based on this, see Figures 1 to 3 In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for measuring and monitoring gas well pressure acoustic waves includes the following steps:

[0044] S10, sending a sound wave from the wellhead, and monitoring the echo generated after the sound wave reaches the well bottom;

[0045] S20, using the actual variable diameter depth record of the gas well and the echo peak position to correct the downhole acoustic wave transmission model, the downhole acoustic wave transmission model is:

[0046]

[0047] S30, establishing a downhole acoustic wave transmission model of the target gas well based on the revised downhole acoustic wave transmission model;

[0048] S40, sending a measuring sound wave from the wellhead, and monitoring the echo generated after the sound wave reaches the well bottom;

[0049] S50, comparing the echo data with the downhole acoustic wave transmission model of the target gas well, and finding the difference according to the difference in the wave peak positions;

[0050] S60, calculating and determining the interval where the pressure anomaly occurs based on the acoustic wave peak deviation and the downhole acoustic wave transmission model of the target gas well;

[0051] In step S10 of the embodiment of the present invention, the device that emits sound waves from the wellhead is a sound wave transmitter, and the sound waves emitted by the sound wave transmitter at the wellhead are sound waves of fixed frequency. The device that monitors the echo is a signal receiver, and the signal receiver receives the bottom hole echo data and stores the data locally;

[0052] In step S20 of the present invention, the linear correction formula of the downhole acoustic wave transmission model is:

[0053]

[0054] Among them, q d represents a dipole domain source, Q m represents a monopolar domain source, p t represents the total sound pressure, t represents time, and c represents the speed of sound;

[0055] In addition, in step S20, when the acoustic wave propagation distance is greater than the wavelength, the nonlinear correction of the downhole acoustic wave transmission model is as follows:

[0056]

[0057] Where δ is the diffusivity of sound and β is the nonlinear coefficient. Generally speaking, the linear assumption is only valid in the following cases:

[0058] |p|<<pc 2 .

[0059] The present invention also discloses a gas well pressure acoustic wave measurement and monitoring device, comprising a wellhead device 100 and a local device 200, wherein the wellhead device 100 and the main device 200 are communicatively connected, and the wellhead device 100 is also connected to a gas tree, wherein:

[0060] The wellhead device 100 includes a detection sensor module for transmitting sound waves into the well and receiving echoes from the well;

[0061] In the embodiment of the present invention, the detection sensor module includes an acoustic wave transmitter 110 and a signal receiver 120, wherein the acoustic wave transmitter 110 is used to emit an acoustic wave of a fixed frequency at the wellhead, and the signal receiver 120 is used to monitor the bottom hole echo data;

[0062] Furthermore, the wellhead device 100 also includes a first communication module 130 , and the wellhead device 100 is communicatively connected with the local device 200 via the first communication module 130 .

[0063] The local device 200 includes a user control terminal 220 and an electronic device 210, wherein the user control terminal 220 includes a user module and a display module, and the electronic device includes an input module, a processing module 211 and a storage module 212, wherein:

[0064] User module, used to send user control instructions;

[0065] An input module for acquiring bottom hole echo data;

[0066] The processing module 211 is used to construct a downhole acoustic wave transmission model, perform calculations based on the downhole acoustic wave transmission model and the bottom hole echo data, and obtain calculation results;

[0067] Storage module 212, used to store calculation results and bottom hole echo data;

[0068] Display module, used to display calculation results and bottom hole echo data;

[0069] In the embodiment of the present invention, the local device further includes a second communication module 230, which is connected to the first communication module 130 and is used to perform communication between the wellhead device 100 and the local device 200, send control instructions of the local device 200 to the wellhead device 100, and send bottom hole echo data acquired by the wellhead device 100 to the local device 200;

[0070] It can be understood that in the wellhead device, the acoustic wave transmitter 110 emits a fixed frequency acoustic wave based on a user instruction, and the user module acts as a control component for the user to operate the local device, operates the acoustic wave transmitter 110 in the wellhead device 100, and the acoustic wave transmitter 110 transmits acoustic waves to the wellbore, and the signal receiver 120 in the wellhead device 100 receives the echo data of the wellbore, including the wave crest at the diameter change, transmits the result back to the local device 200, processes the result and displays it to the user;

[0071] Furthermore, the local device 200 mainly needs to implement two parts, namely, a display control interface and an electronic equipment module; the display control interface includes functions such as wellhead control, displaying acoustic waveforms, and displaying calculation results; the electronic equipment module includes functions such as monitoring the wellhead device 100, sending commands, receiving data, signal enhancement and recognition, and data storage; the user uses the wellhead control function presented on the display control interface to implement the monitoring of the wellhead device 100 and the sending of commands through the electronic equipment module; at the same time, the electronic equipment module can receive data sent back from the wellhead, peak enhancement and recognition, and data storage functions, and present the results and acoustic waveforms on the display control interface; the wellhead device 100 includes a communication module, a detection sensor module, and a protective seal therefor, and needs to implement functions such as executing commands, obtaining commands, returning measurement data, executing acoustic emission, and executing acoustic reception.

[0072] In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, the wellhead device 100 is connected to the top of the gas tree through a connecting flange. Specifically, the wellhead device 100 and the gas tree are fixed with bolts using a connecting flange, and the connecting flange is installed above the valve at the top of the gas tree;

[0073] In addition, a sealing device is also provided in the wellhead device 100 , and the sealing device is used to seal and protect the equipment in the wellhead device 100 .

[0074] In addition, some embodiments may include a storage medium having a program for executing the methods described in this specification on a computer, on which at least one instruction, at least one program, code set or instruction set is stored, and when the at least one instruction, at least one program, code set or instruction set is loaded and executed by a processor, the steps in the above-mentioned method embodiments are implemented. Examples of computer-readable recording media include hardware devices specially constructed to store and execute program commands: magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks and tapes, optical recording media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs, magneto-optical media such as floppy disks, and ROMs, RAMs, flash memories, etc. Examples of program commands may include: machine language codes written by a compiler and high-level language codes executed by a computer using an interpreter, etc.

[0075] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiments can be implemented by instructing the relevant hardware through at least one instruction, at least one program, code set or instruction set, and the at least one instruction, at least one program, code set or instruction set can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the at least one instruction, at least one program, code set or instruction set is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to memory, storage, database or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory.

[0076] In summary, the gas well pressure acoustic wave measurement and monitoring device provided by the present invention uses fixed-frequency acoustic waves to measure and monitor the downhole pressure conditions. There is no need for operators to operate next to the gas production tree, which can reduce the safety risks of on-site personnel; the echo at the downhole variable diameter is measured by fixed-frequency acoustic waves, and combined with the depth data of the variable diameter, an accurate gas well downhole acoustic wave transmission model is obtained; during measurement, there is no need to deploy additional equipment underground, and there is no need to stop the well for measurement, which significantly reduces the cost of downhole gas well measurement and has broad application prospects; using acoustic wave detection, the result data can be obtained faster than traditional methods.

[0077] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0078] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A gas well pressure acoustic wave measurement and monitoring method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S10, sending a sound wave from the wellhead, and monitoring the echo generated after the sound wave reaches the well bottom; S20, using the actual variable diameter depth record of the gas well and the echo peak position to correct the downhole acoustic wave transmission model, the downhole acoustic wave transmission model is: S30, establishing a downhole acoustic wave transmission model of the target gas well based on the revised downhole acoustic wave transmission model; S40, sending a measuring sound wave from the wellhead, and monitoring the echo generated after the sound wave reaches the well bottom; S50, comparing the echo data with the downhole acoustic wave transmission model of the target gas well, and finding the difference according to the difference in the wave peak positions; S60, calculating and determining the interval where the pressure anomaly occurs based on the acoustic wave peak deviation and the downhole acoustic wave transmission model of the target gas well; In step S20, the linear correction formula of the downhole acoustic wave transmission model is: Among them, q d represents a dipole domain source, Q m represents a monopolar domain source, p t represents the total sound pressure, t represents time, and c represents the speed of sound.

2. The gas well pressure acoustic wave measurement and monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S10, the device that emits sound waves from the wellhead is a sound wave transmitter, and the sound waves emitted by the sound wave transmitter at the wellhead are sound waves of fixed frequency. The device for monitoring echoes is a signal receiver, and the signal receiver receives the bottom hole echo data and stores the data locally.

3. The gas well pressure acoustic wave measurement and monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S20, when the acoustic wave propagation distance is greater than the wavelength, the nonlinear correction of the downhole acoustic wave transmission model is as follows: Among them, δ is the diffusivity of sound and β is the nonlinear coefficient.

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