Locator, method, device, equipment and medium for obtaining spinal segment positioning data

Abstract

The present invention discloses a locator, a method, a device, a device and a medium for obtaining spinal segment positioning data. The non-invasive spinal segment positioning data acquisition method of the present invention is based on non-invasive spinal segment positioning of dermatome segmentation of the population. By using full-length spinal radiographs and applying the original dermatome segmentation method for segmentation and measurement, the spinal dermatome segmentation percentage data based on population data is obtained. This data acquisition method can well conform to the characteristics of spinal movement, the data acquisition is more accurate, and non-invasive positioning is achieved. For the first time, the method of combining the measurement of the spinal endplate angle of the full-length lateral spinal radiograph with the traditional semi-quantitative estimation of lumbosacral spinal mobility expands the means of non-invasive spinal body surface positioning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of medical devices, and particularly relates to a locator, a method, a device, equipment and a medium for obtaining spinal segment positioning data. Background Art

[0002] Surface localization of the spine: Refers to the localization of a single spinal segment on the body surface, which is commonly used in static physical examinations. For example: Judging the fractured segment of a spinal fracture patient through the position of back pain; Judging the segment where the positioning needle is inserted during spinal surgery, etc. Surface division of spinal segments: Refers to the simultaneous positioning of multiple segments on the body surface, and its results are mainly used for dynamic physical examinations, especially the measurement of spinal mobility. The division basis is usually based on the surface localization results of individual spinal segments.

[0003] The spine is a component of the axial skeleton of the human body, located deep under the back skin, separated from the skin surface by multiple anatomical layers such as muscles, fascia, and subcutaneous soft tissues. The accurate localization of the spine on the body surface is of great significance for spinal function assessment, spinal disease screening and diagnosis, determination of the surgical site of the spine and selection of the surgical method, evaluation of the postoperative rehabilitation situation, and customization of the functional exercise plan. When performing a physical examination on a patient, it is difficult for a doctor to confirm the relationship between the spinal segment and the body surface position, and it is impossible to directly observe and determine the corresponding spinal segment under the skin of a certain area on the back. Therefore, other auxiliary means are often needed to confirm. Due to the limitations of the existing technology, when not using X-ray fluoroscopy, the surface division of spinal segments on the body surface is often an approximate result. Therefore, for the same subject, different surface localization methods often correspond to different surface segment division results.

[0004] The existing surface localization methods of the spine include manual palpation and invasive spinal surface locators.

[0005] Manual palpation: The examiner presses the patient's back skin from top to bottom with the hand to feel the slight protrusion of the spinal spinous process on the body surface, so as to roughly determine the position of the spine. This is the earliest and most widely used means of spinal physical examination. Further, based on manual palpation, the only non-invasive ("non-invasive" means that the examination process does not cause iatrogenic damage to the patient) spinal segmentation method can be obtained currently - the spinal segment surface division method based on the spinous process. The main positioning mark of manual palpation is the spinal spinous process. Disadvantages: 1. The morphological differences of the spinous processes of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spines are huge (the cervical spinous processes are short, the thoracic spinous processes are long and flat, and the lumbar spinous processes are thick), and there is a large error between the corresponding positions on the body surface of the spine. At the same time, since the spinous process is not obvious in the X-ray film and difficult to measure, there is a lack of consistency research on the method and the imaging gold standard. 2. The patient body type varies greatly, and it is very difficult to palpate patients with a thick fat layer or well-developed back muscles. 3. High requirements for the doctor's palpation experience, and the palpation positioning results of different doctors for the same patient vary greatly.

[0006] Invasive Spinal Body Surface Localizer: A metal localizer with positioning marks (which can be visualized on X-ray films) is placed on the patient's back, and then a fluoroscopic image of the patient's back is taken using an X-ray machine. The corresponding positions of specific vertebrae are marked on the body surface in combination with the image. Because X-rays are used during the positioning process, it will cause radiation damage to the patient. The shapes of such localizers vary, but the principles are the same, belonging to the "invasive spinal body surface localizer". The invasive spinal body surface localizer must rely on ray fluoroscopy to locate the spinal position. Disadvantages: 1. Invasiveness. Since this localizer must rely on X-ray fluoroscopy, high-energy rays will cause radiation damage to the patient. Therefore, it is prohibited to use when examining healthy people (violating the beneficial principle and non-harm principle in medical ethics). 2. Equipment dependence. Such localizers must rely on X-ray fluoroscopy equipment (such as a large C-arm machine) to function, so the comprehensive application cost is relatively high. 3. Fixed usage scenario. This type of localizer belongs to a surgical instrument, and its main function is preoperative positioning, determining and marking the surgical site before the operation. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a localizer, a method, a device, equipment and medium for obtaining spinal segment positioning data. To solve the technical problems of large errors in manual palpation in the existing spinal body surface positioning method in the prior art and the invasiveness of the invasive spinal body surface localizer.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] In the first aspect, a non-invasive method for obtaining spinal segment positioning data includes the following steps:

[0010] Obtain multiple full-length lateral spinal films of different people;

[0011] For each full-length lateral spinal film, respectively locate the upper endplate of each vertebra on the full-length lateral spinal film; draw extension lines at both ends of the upper endplate towards the dorsal side of the person, and intersect the skin at the positioning mark points; take the midpoint of the connection line of the posterior superior iliac spines as the center of the circle, and make a circle with the minimum radius tangent to the skin at the skin marking point of the posterior superior iliac spine; take the midpoint of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra as the center of the circle, and make a circle with the minimum radius tangent to the skin at the skin marking point of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra;

[0012] On the full-length lateral spinal film, connect the skin marking point of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, the positioning mark points and the skin marking point of the posterior superior iliac spine in sequence with line segments to form multiple dermatomes;

[0013] Measure the length of each dermatome corresponding to each vertebra, and at the same time calculate the percentage of each dermatome in the total length of the dermatomes;

[0014] Take the average value of the percentages of the spinal corresponding dermatomes of the same segment of all full-length lateral spinal films in the total length of the dermatomes as the positioning data of the non-invasive spinal segment.

[0015] Specifically, in the step of measuring the length of the dermatome corresponding to each spinal vertebra, in the vertical direction, when the extension line of the upper vertebra is above the extension line of the lower vertebra, the length of the dermatome is recorded as a positive value, and vice versa, the length of the dermatome is recorded as a negative value.

[0016] In a second aspect, a locator is used for performing surface localization of spinal segments based on the localization data obtained by the above non-invasive spinal segment localization data acquisition method, and includes:

[0017] Basic units, a plurality of the basic units are connected in sequence, and an automatic positioning column is arranged on each basic unit. The automatic positioning column is used for performing surface localization of different spinal segments of the spine based on the localization data of non-invasive spinal segments; the distance between two adjacent automatic positioning columns corresponds to the dermatome of one spinal segment.

[0018] Reference point positioning columns, including a first reference point positioning column and a second reference point positioning column respectively located at both ends of the locator; two first reference point positioning columns are located on the basic unit at the first end of the locator and are used for positioning the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra; two second reference point positioning columns are located on the basic unit at the second end of the locator and are used for positioning the posterior superior iliac spine.

[0019] Further, the basic unit includes side arms, connecting columns and gaskets, and is divided into two layers separated by gaskets; each layer has two side arms arranged in a cross shape, and the automatic positioning column passes through the intersection points of the side arms of the two layers and is rotatably connected to the side arms of the two layers; all the side arms connected to the same automatic positioning column have the same length, and the side arms between different basic units may have the same or different lengths.

[0020] The side arms of adjacent basic units are connected by connecting columns and can rotate around the connecting columns; a diamond-shaped space is formed between the side arms of adjacent basic units; the diagonal of the diamond-shaped space passing through the automatic positioning column on the basic unit is the same as the length of the corresponding dermatome.

[0021] Further, the length of the diagonal of the diamond-shaped space passing through the automatic positioning column on the basic unit is the product of the range of the locator and the localization data of non-invasive spinal segments.

[0022] Further, the reference point positioning columns are arranged on the side arms of the basic unit and connect the side arms of the two layers.

[0023] Further, when the side arms of two basic units are connected, the upper side arms are connected to each other, and the lower side arms are connected to each other.

[0024] In a third aspect, a non-invasive spinal segment localization data acquisition device includes:

[0025] An acquisition module, configured to acquire multiple full-length lateral spinal radiographs of different persons;

[0026] A first marking module, configured to, for each full-length spinal lateral radiograph, respectively locate the upper end plates of each vertebra on the full-length spinal lateral radiograph; extend lines from both ends of the upper end plate towards the dorsal side of the person until they intersect the skin at positioning marking points; use the midpoint of the line connecting the posterior superior iliac spines as the center to draw a circle with the minimum radius that is tangent to the skin at the skin marking point of the posterior superior iliac spine; use the midpoint of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra as the center to draw a circle with the minimum radius that is tangent to the skin at the skin marking point of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra;

[0027] A second marking module, configured to, on the full-length spinal lateral radiograph, sequentially connect the skin marking point of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, the positioning marking points, and the skin marking point of the posterior superior iliac spine with line segments to form multiple dermatomes;

[0028] A measurement module, configured to measure the length of each dermatome corresponding to each vertebral segment, and simultaneously calculate the percentage of each dermatome in the total length of the dermatomes;

[0029] A calculation module, configured to take the average of the percentages of the dermatomes corresponding to the same vertebral segment of all full-length spinal lateral radiographs in the total length of the dermatomes as the positioning data of the non-invasive spinal segments.

[0030] In a fourth aspect, an electronic device includes a processor and a memory. The processor is configured to execute a computer program stored in the memory to implement the above non-invasive spinal segment positioning data acquisition method.

[0031] In a fifth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium stores at least one instruction, and when the at least one instruction is executed by a processor, the above non-invasive spinal segment positioning data acquisition method is implemented.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0033] 1) The non-invasive spinal segment positioning data acquisition method provided by the present invention is based on non-invasive spinal segment positioning by dermatome segmentation of the population. Using full-length spinal radiographs, the original dermatome segmentation method is used for segmentation and measurement to obtain spinal dermatome segmentation percentage data based on population data. This data acquisition method can well conform to the characteristics of spinal movement, the data acquisition is more accurate, and non-invasive positioning is achieved. For the first time, a method combining the measurement of the angle between the spinal end plates of the full-length spinal lateral radiograph and the traditional semi-quantitative estimation of the mobility of the lumbosacral vertebrae expands the means of non-invasive spinal body surface positioning.

[0034] 2) The non-invasive spinal segment positioning data acquisition method provided by the present invention determines the position of the spine on the body surface for the first time through a quantification standard and in the way of the percentage of the back skin occupation, which can effectively ignore the main data differences caused by the body types of the examinees, making the non-invasive spinal mobility measurement data have population statistical significance and being more applicable in large-scale surveys and tool development. It is especially suitable for the measurement of spinal mobility, has a more solid and reliable theoretical and imaging evidence basis, avoids the slippage of the skin positioning points of the spinous process palpation segmentation relative to the true bony spine before and after movement, and has a higher conclusion credibility compared with the purely empirical spinous process palpation. For special populations with difficult spinous process palpation, such as those with overly developed back muscles and high BMI, data can still be effectively collected, and dermatome segmentation data with population characteristics can be collected according to research needs to improve specificity for subsequent scientific research or the development of mobility measurement tools.

[0035] 3) The non-invasive spinal segment positioning data acquisition method provided by the present invention does not need to be carried out as an independent examination, and statistical analysis records can be carried out by calling the sterEOS imaging data of the patients in the hospital case system. It can reduce a large number of errors caused by different patient visit times and different palpation experience levels of the consulting physicians, ensuring consistency.

[0036] 4) The locator provided by the present invention, compared with manual palpation: (1). Scientific and accurate: It avoids the adverse effects of spinous process morphological differences on positioning and reduces the errors caused by the palpation experience of physicians. Based on rigorous population data and mathematical models, it has higher accuracy. (2). More widely applicable: It is still applicable to patients with difficult palpation (such as those with overly developed back muscles and high BMI). (3). Fast: The measurement speed is greatly improved compared with conventional palpation, and the positioning of the body surface markers of all spinal segments can be completed within 1 minute (at least 20 minutes for the conventional palpation method).

[0037] 5) The locator provided by the present invention, compared with the invasive spinal body surface locator: (1). Harmless: This locator has a pure mechanical structure, is safe and radiation-free, and can be used as a screening method for measuring the spinal mobility of healthy people, without violating medical ethics. (2). Inexpensive and convenient: This locator is simple to manufacture and has a low cost. No other assistance is required during use, and it can be operated by a single person. (3). Wide application scenarios: It can be used as a substitute for spinous process palpation positioning in any occasion where spinous process palpation positioning is required, not limited to positioning in the operating room. It can be used for spinal function evaluation, spinal disease screening and diagnosis, the judgment of the rehabilitation situation after spinal surgery, and the customization of functional exercise plans, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] The specification drawings forming a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0039] Figure 1 Flowchart of a method for obtaining non-invasive spinal segment positioning data according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a spinal geometric model according to an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, a is a kyphosis model, and b is a lordosis model;

[0041] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of dermatome marking according to an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, a is the cervical spine part, and b is the thoracic spine part;

[0042] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of a locator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of a basic unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the rhombus space size of a basic unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 7 Block diagram of the structure of a non-invasive spinal segment positioning data acquisition device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 8 Block diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0047] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0048] The following detailed descriptions are all exemplary descriptions, aiming to provide further detailed descriptions of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical terms adopted by the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present application belongs. The terms used in the present invention are only for describing specific implementation manners and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.

[0049] Embodiment 1

[0050] As Figure 1 shown, a method for obtaining non-invasive spinal segment positioning data includes the following steps:

[0051] S1. Obtain multiple full-length lateral spinal radiographs of different individuals.

[0052] In this solution, the full-length lateral spinal radiograph is taken by the Ster EOS system.

[0053] Specifically, when using the Ster EOS system to take a full-length lateral spine film, the first thing to do is to select the subjects. The criteria are: similar to the baseline data of the test population that requires non-invasive measurement of spinal mobility (such as height, age, gender, BMI value, etc., which is determined based on the specific research purpose), able to maintain a standing posture for more than 1 minute, and need to undergo Ster EOS examination requirements due to illness.

[0054] People who meet the above criteria are selected as providers of full-length lateral spine films. The patients maintain a natural upright posture and EOS examination obtains full-length lateral spine films.

[0055] S2. For each full-length lateral spine film, locate the upper endplate of each vertebra on the full-length lateral spine film; draw extension lines from both ends of the upper endplate to the back of the person, intersecting the skin at the positioning mark point to divide the spinal skin area; with the midpoint of the seventh cervical spinous process as the center, draw a circle with the smallest radius that is tangent to the skin at the seventh cervical spinous process skin mark point, such as Figure 3 (a) The circular mark shown in Figure 1 is as follows: With the midpoint of the line connecting the posterior superior iliac crest as the center, a circle with the smallest radius is made tangent to the skin at the skin mark point of the posterior superior iliac crest, such as Figure 3 (b) The circular mark shown.

[0056] Specifically, when making positioning mark points in this step, marking can be started from the intersection of the extension line of the upper end plate of the first cervical vertebra and the skin, and ended at the posterior superior iliac crest, so as to obtain the marking points of all spinal segments. It is also possible to select a part of the spinal segment for marking, such as starting from the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra and ending at the posterior superior iliac crest in this embodiment, and finally obtaining the positioning data of the spinal segment between the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra and the posterior superior iliac crest.

[0057] Specifically, in the above step S2, the positioning of the upper end plate of the spine, as well as the operations of extending the line, making a circle, marking the positioning point, etc., can be realized through an AI algorithm, such as training an artificial intelligence neural network to automatically identify, locate, extend the line, make a circle, mark the positioning point, etc. Alternatively, it can also be done manually, using the Surgimap tool or the image measurement tool provided by other PACS systems commonly used in hospitals for marking and measurement.

[0058] In step S2 of this scheme, the design method of dermatome division is:

[0059] According to Schober's related experiments, a geometric model of spinal motion is established. Figure 2As shown in the figure, taking the lumbosacral spine in the Schober-related test as an example, the bending process of the spine is simulated on CAD drawing software. Two models of the spine bending mode are established: the lordosis model and the kyphosis model. The skin length corresponding to the vertebral body consists of the variable part (dot-shaded) corresponding to the intervertebral space (square shaded in Figure (a)) and the invariable part (diagonal shaded in Figure (a)) corresponding to the bony vertebral body (white).

[0060] In the kyphosis model, the areas of the square shaded part and the dot-shaded part form similar triangles, and the similarity ratio is related to the thickness of the tissue behind the vertebral body. When the thickness of the soft tissue is constant, the skin length and the length change of the posterior edge of the vertebral body have a linear function relationship, which can be simplified as Y = aX + b, where Y is the skin length, X is the height of the posterior edge of the intervertebral space, a is the constant of the intervertebral similarity ratio (determined by the ratio of the heights of the anterior and posterior edges of the intervertebral space and the thickness of the soft tissue), and b is the constant of the height of the bony part. Therefore, during the bending process, the change in skin length △Y is proportional to the change in the length of the posterior edge of the spine △Y'. The thoracic spine, as the physiological kyphosis of the spine, its flexion and extension movements operate within the framework of the typical kyphosis model.

[0061] In the lordosis model, the skin length is less than the length of the posterior edge of the spine, and the intervertebral space converges to form an inverted triangle. There are two situations. The first is that the skin position is within the intersection point formed by the inverted triangle of the intervertebral space. At this time, the skin length formula is the same as that of the kyphosis model, which is common in most cervical and lumbar vertebrae, including C2-C7, L1-L4. The second situation is seen when the lordosis angle is too large or the thickness of the soft tissue behind the vertebral body is too large, and the skin segments corresponding to the vertebral body and the intervertebral space overlap (diagonal shaded part in Figure (b)). At this time, the length of the dermatome is difficult to calculate, which is seen in a small number of people in the C1-C2, L5-S1 segments.

[0062] In this solution, C represents the cervical vertebra (Cervical), and L represents the lumbar vertebra (Lumbar). "C2" represents "the second cervical vertebra". S represents the sacral vertebra, such as S1 is the first sacral vertebra, and T represents the thoracic vertebra.

[0063] S3. This solution can locate the dermatome in whole or in part according to actual needs; for example, when the requirement is the dermatome of all spinal segments, connect the skin marking points of the spinous processes of the first, second... seventh cervical vertebrae... thoracic skin marking points... skin marking points of the posterior superior iliac spine in sequence to obtain the dermatome of the entire spinal segment.

[0064] In this step, a detailed example explanation is mainly given for obtaining the dermatome between the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra and the posterior superior iliac spine. The method is as follows: on the full-length lateral radiograph of the spine, connect the skin marking point of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, the positioning marking point, and the skin marking point of the posterior superior iliac spine with line segments in sequence to form multiple dermatomes, such as Figure 3When connecting the seventh cervical spinous process skin marker, positioning marker, and posterior superior iliac crest skin marker, you can connect them from top to bottom in sequence; for example, from Figure 3 a and Figure 3 The position represented by b, from top to bottom, connects the positioning marking points corresponding to the 12 thoracic vertebrae and 5 lumbar vertebrae downward in sequence from the skin marking point of the seventh cervical spinous process, and finally connects to the skin marking point of the posterior superior iliac crest to obtain the dermatomes between the skin marking point of the seventh cervical spinous process and the skin marking point of the posterior superior iliac crest. These dermatomes correspond to the spinal segments between the seventh cervical spine and the posterior superior iliac crest, respectively.

[0065] S4. Measure the length of the dermatome corresponding to each vertebral segment, and calculate the percentage of each dermatome in the total dermatome length.

[0066] In this scheme, when measuring the dermatome length, if the extension line of the upper vertebral body is above the extension line of the lower vertebral body in the vertical direction, the dermatome length is recorded as a positive value, otherwise the dermatome length is recorded as a negative value. When the dermatome length is a negative value, all dermatome lengths obtained from the full-length lateral spine film are regarded as abnormal data, and the abnormal data are discarded and do not participate in the subsequent steps.

[0067] Specifically, an artificial intelligence neural network can be used to identify and automatically calculate the length of the dermatome corresponding to each vertebral segment, as well as the percentage of the dermatome in the total length of the dermatome. Alternatively, an imaging measurement tool can be used to manually measure the length of the dermatome corresponding to each vertebral segment, and calculate the percentage of the dermatome in the total length of the dermatome.

[0068] S5. Take the average value of the percentage of the corresponding dermatome of the same segment in all the full-length lateral spine films to the total length of the dermatome as the positioning data of the non-invasive spinal segment.

[0069] Specifically, the percentage of the dermatome length corresponding to the spinal segments of multiple samples in the total length is measured and calculated, the percentage of the dermatome corresponding to the same segment of the spine of all the subjects to be tested is averaged, and the average of the segment in the length of the spine of the sample population is obtained, which is used to represent the non-invasive spinal segment positioning data of the population, so as to replace the traditional spinous process palpation as the basis for subsequent non-invasive spinal segmentation, mobility measurement, software development, and non-invasive locator production.

[0070] The positioning data obtained in this scheme is the percentage of the dermatome length to the total dermatome length, which is the percentage of the spinal segment corresponding to the dermatome to the length of the measured spine.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] like Figure 4 and 5 As shown, a locator is designed based on the positioning data obtained by the above-mentioned non-invasive spinal segment positioning data acquisition method, and is used for spinal segment surface positioning, specifically comprising:

[0073] Basic units, multiple of which are connected in sequence. An automatic positioning post 1 is provided on each basic unit. The automatic positioning post 1 is used to perform body surface positioning on different spinal segments of the spine based on the positioning data of non-invasive spinal segments. The distance between two adjacent automatic positioning posts 1 corresponds to the dermatome of one spinal segment.

[0074] Reference point positioning posts, including a first reference point positioning post 2 and a second reference point positioning post 3 located at both ends of the positioner respectively. Two first reference point positioning posts 2 are located on the basic units at the first end of the positioner and are used to position the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra. Two second reference point positioning posts 3 are located on the basic units at the second end of the positioner and are used to position the posterior superior iliac spine.

[0075] The positioner provided in this solution is mainly designed based on the data from the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra to the posterior superior iliac spine in the positioning data, and the obtained positioner is used to position the spinal segments from the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra to the posterior superior iliac spine. Specifically, the positioner in this embodiment is composed of 17 basic units + 4 reference point positioning posts. The 17 basic units correspond to 12 thoracic vertebrae and 5 lumbar vertebrae, and the 4 positioning posts correspond to the body surface anatomical markers of the spinal region of the human body in pairs: the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra and the posterior superior iliac spine.

[0076] Specifically, after obtaining the positioning data of non-invasive spinal segments, since the positioning data is the percentage of each spinal segment in the total spinal length; therefore, the percentage of the length between the two automatic positioning posts 1 of two adjacent basic units in the range of the positioner is designed to be the same as the percentage of the corresponding dermatome length in the total dermatome length; each dermatome corresponds to a section of the spine.

[0077] Specifically, the basic unit includes a side arm 4, a connecting column 5, and a gasket 6, and is divided into two layers separated by the gasket 6; each layer is composed of two side arms 4 arranged crosswise. The automatic positioning post 1 passes through the intersection points of the side arms 4 of the two layers and rotatably connects the side arms 4 of the two layers; all the side arms 4 connected to the same automatic positioning post 1 have the same length, and the side arms 4 between different basic units may have the same or different lengths; the side arms 4 of adjacent basic units are connected by the connecting column 5 and can rotate around the connecting column 5; a diamond-shaped space is formed between the side arms 4 of adjacent basic units. In this solution, the gasket 6 is used to form a double layer, and the double-layer design enables the positioner to bend the planes where the two layers are located to fit the anterior and posterior convex curves of the spine, improving the positioning accuracy.

[0078] The reference point positioning post is arranged on the side arm 4 of the basic unit and connects the side arms 4 of the upper and lower layers. When the side arms 4 of two basic units are connected, the upper side arms 4 are connected to each other, and the lower side arms 4 are connected to each other.

[0079] Such as Figure 6As shown, the length of the diagonal of the rhombus space passing through the diagonal of the automatic positioning post 1 on the basic unit is the product of the range of the locator and the positioning data of the non-invasive spinal segment. Due to the special similar rhombus linkage design, the locator can perform equi-ratio telescoping for each segment in terms of length. When the locator telescopes, the ratio of the distance between two adjacent automatic positioning posts to the total length of the locator remains unchanged.

[0080] One basic unit and parts of two adjacent basic units form two rhombuses respectively. For two adjacent rhombuses, they have the same intersection point C, and the intersection point C is the position of the automatic positioning post of one of the basic units; A and E are the positions of the automatic positioning posts of the other two adjacent basic units respectively; BD and GF are the two side arms of the basic unit, and AG, AB, DF, and EF are parts of the side arms of two adjacent basic units respectively. a and b are the side lengths of the two rhombuses respectively. In the design, in terms of length: CD = DE = EF = FC, AG = GC = CB = BA; the length ratio of GC and CF is designed according to the positioning data, so that the lengths of AC and CE respectively correspond to the percentages of different dermatomes in the total dermatome length.

[0081] ABCG, CDEF are rhombuses

[0082] AC = 2a·cosθ ∈ (0, 2a)

[0083] CE = 2b·cosθ ∈ (0, 2b)

[0084]

[0085] The length of the diagonal of the point where the automatic positioning post is located on the rhombus is the product of the range of the locator and the positioning data of the non-invasive spinal segment, and the diagonals are such as AC and CE.

[0086] When applying the locator, keep the examinee in a natural standing position. Touch the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra at the back of the neck and the posterior superior iliac spine of the lumbosacral region, and then place the "C7 spinous process reference point positioning post" on the locator on both sides of the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra and keep it still. At the same time, stretch the locator and place the "posterior superior iliac spine reference point positioning post" on the line connecting the posterior superior iliac spines. At this time, the positions of other positioning posts on the body surface are the positions of the corresponding superior vertebral endplates on the body surface. The positions located by this method can still maintain the corresponding relationship with the internal vertebral bodies during the movement of the patient's spine.

[0087] Embodiment 3

[0088] As Figure 7 shown, a non-invasive spinal segment positioning data acquisition device includes:

[0089] An acquisition module, configured to acquire multiple full-length lateral spine films of different persons;

[0090] The first marking module is used to, for each full-length spinal lateral radiograph, respectively locate the upper endplates of each vertebra on the full-length spinal lateral radiograph; extend the two ends of the upper endplate towards the dorsal side of the person to intersect the skin at the positioning marking points; take the midpoint of the line connecting the posterior superior iliac spines as the center and draw a circle with the minimum radius tangent to the skin at the skin marking point of the posterior superior iliac spine; take the midpoint of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra as the center and draw a circle with the minimum radius tangent to the skin at the skin marking point of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra.

[0091] The second marking module is used to, on the full-length spinal lateral radiograph, sequentially connect the skin marking point of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, the positioning marking points, and the skin marking point of the posterior superior iliac spine with line segments to form multiple dermatomes.

[0092] The measurement module is used to measure the length of each dermatome corresponding to each vertebral segment, and at the same time calculate the percentage of each dermatome in the total length of the dermatomes.

[0093] In the measurement module, during measurement, in the vertical direction, when the extension line of the upper vertebra is above the extension line of the lower vertebra, the dermatome length is recorded as a positive value, and vice versa, the dermatome length is recorded as a negative value.

[0094] The calculation module is used to take the average of the percentages of the dermatomes corresponding to the same spinal segment of all full-length spinal lateral radiographs in the total length of the dermatomes as the positioning data of the non-invasive spinal segment.

[0095] Example 4

[0096] Such as Figure 8As shown, the present invention also provides an electronic device 100 for implementing the above non-invasive spinal segment positioning data acquisition method; the electronic device 100 includes a memory 101, at least one processor 102, a computer program 103 stored in the memory 101 and executable on at least one processor 102, and at least one communication bus 104. The memory 101 can be used to store the computer program 103. The processor 102 realizes the steps of the non-invasive spinal segment positioning data acquisition method in Embodiment 1 by running or executing the computer program stored in the memory 101 and calling the data stored in the memory 101. The memory 101 mainly includes a program storage area and a data storage area. Among them, the program storage area can store an operating system, application programs required for at least one function (such as a sound playback function, an image playback function, etc.), etc.; the data storage area can store data created according to the use of the electronic device 100 (such as audio data), etc. In addition, the memory 101 can include non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a smart media card (SMC), a secure digital (SD) card, a flash card, at least one magnetic disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage devices.

[0097] At least one processor 102 can be a central processing unit (CPU), or can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The processor 102 can be a microprocessor or the processor 102 can also be any conventional processor, etc. The processor 102 is the control center of the electronic device 100 and connects various parts of the entire electronic device 100 through various interfaces and lines.

[0098] The memory 101 in the electronic device 100 stores multiple instructions to implement a non-invasive spinal segment positioning data acquisition method, and the processor 102 can execute the multiple instructions to implement:

[0099] Obtain multiple full-length spinal lateral films of different persons;

[0100] For each full-length spinal lateral radiograph, the upper endplates of each vertebra are respectively located on the full-length spinal lateral radiograph; extension lines are drawn from both ends of the upper endplate towards the dorsal side of the person, intersecting the skin at positioning marker points; a circle with the midpoint of the posterior superior iliac spine connection as the center and the smallest radius is made to be tangent to the skin at the skin marker point of the posterior superior iliac spine; a circle with the midpoint of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra as the center and the smallest radius is made to be tangent to the skin at the skin marker point of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra;

[0101] On the full-length spinal lateral radiograph, the skin marker point of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, the positioning marker points, and the skin marker point of the posterior superior iliac spine are sequentially connected by line segments to form multiple dermatomes; the dermatome is the part between two adjacent marker points;

[0102] The length of the dermatome corresponding to each segment of the vertebra is measured, and at the same time, the percentage of each dermatome in the total length of the dermatomes is calculated;

[0103] The average value of the percentages of the dermatomes corresponding to the same segment of the spine in all full-length spinal lateral radiographs in the total length of the dermatomes is taken as the positioning data of the non-invasive spinal segment.

[0104] Example 5

[0105] If the modules / units integrated in the electronic device 100 are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, to implement all or part of the processes in the above method embodiments of the present invention, it can also be completed by a computer program instructing relevant hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above method embodiments can be implemented. Among them, the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code can be in the form of source code, object code, executable file, or some intermediate form, etc. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, USB flash drive, mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disc, computer memory, and read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory).

[0106] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present invention can adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present invention can adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0107] The present invention is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatuses (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, and the combination of flows and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, such that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate means for implementing the functions specified in one or more flows Figure 1 one or more flows and / or blocks Figure 1 or one or more blocks.

[0108] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including instruction means that implement the functions specified in one or more flows Figure 1 one or more flows and / or blocks Figure 1 or one or more blocks.

[0109] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, such that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to generate a computer-implemented process, so that the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more flows Figure 1 one or more flows and / or blocks Figure 1 or one or more blocks.

[0110] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it is still possible to modify the specific embodiments of the present invention or make equivalent substitutions, and any modification or equivalent substitution that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall be covered by the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A locator for performing surface localization of spinal segments based on positioning data, characterized in that, Comprising: Basic units, a plurality of said basic units are connected in sequence, and an automatic positioning column (1) is provided on each basic unit. The automatic positioning column (1) is used to perform surface positioning on different spinal segments of the spine based on the positioning data of non-invasive spinal segments; the distance between two adjacent automatic positioning columns (1) corresponds to the dermatome of one spinal segment. Reference point positioning columns, including a first reference point positioning column (2) and a second reference point positioning column (3) respectively located at both ends of the positioner; two first reference point positioning columns (2) are located on the basic unit at the first end of the positioner and are used for positioning the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra; two second reference point positioning columns (3) are located on the basic unit at the second end of the positioner and are used for positioning the posterior superior iliac spine. The positioning data is obtained based on a method for obtaining non-invasive spinal segment positioning data, and the method includes the following steps: Obtain multiple full-length lateral spinal films of different persons. For each full-length lateral spinal film, respectively position the upper endplate of each vertebra on the full-length lateral spinal film; draw extension lines at both ends of the upper endplate towards the dorsal side of the person, and intersect the skin at positioning marker points; take the midpoint of the connection line of the posterior superior iliac spines as the center of a circle, and make a circle with the smallest radius tangent to the skin at the skin marker point of the posterior superior iliac spine; take the midpoint of the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra as the center of a circle, and make a circle with the smallest radius tangent to the skin at the skin marker point of the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra. On the full-length lateral spinal film, connect the skin marker point of the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra, the positioning marker points, and the skin marker point of the posterior superior iliac spine in sequence with line segments to form multiple dermatomes. Measure the length of the dermatome corresponding to each spinal segment, and at the same time calculate the percentage of each dermatome in the total length of the dermatomes. Take the average value of the percentages of the spinal corresponding dermatomes of the same segment in all full-length lateral spinal films in the total length of the dermatomes as the positioning data of non-invasive spinal segments. In the step of measuring the length of the dermatome corresponding to each spinal segment, in the vertical direction, when the extension line of the upper vertebra is above the extension line of the lower vertebra, record the dermatome length as a positive value, and vice versa record the dermatome length as a negative value.

2. The locator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic unit includes a side arm (4), a connecting column (5), and a gasket (6), and is divided into two layers separated by the gasket (6); each layer has two side arms (4) arranged crosswise, and the automatic positioning column (1) passes through the intersection points of the side arms (4) of the two layers and is rotatably connected to the side arms (4) of the two layers; all the side arms (4) connected to the same automatic positioning column (1) have the same length, and the side arms (4) between different basic units may have the same or different lengths. The side arms (4) of adjacent basic units are connected by a connecting column (5) and can rotate around the connecting column (5); a rhombus space is formed between the side arms (4) of adjacent basic units; the diagonal of the rhombus space passing through the automatic positioning column (1) on the basic unit has the same length as the corresponding dermatome.

3. The locator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The length of the diagonal of the rhombus space passing through the automatic positioning column (1) on the basic unit is the product of the range of the positioner and the positioning data of non-invasive spinal segments.

4. The locator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reference point positioning column is arranged on the side arm (4) of the basic unit and connects the side arms (4) of the two layers.

5. The locator according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the side arms (4) of the two basic units are connected, the upper side arms (4) are connected to each other, and the lower side arms (4) are connected to each other.

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