An adjustable variable damping friction shock absorber

Abstract

The present invention discloses an adjustable damping friction shock absorber, comprising one or more damping modules connected in series, wherein the damping module is fixed in a protection frame, and the protection frame is fixedly installed in a locomotive bogie frame; the damping module comprises a rotating limit plate, and a fixed limit plate is respectively installed at the upper and lower ends of the rotating limit plate, and a friction assembly is installed between the rotating limit plate and the fixed limit plate. The present invention adopts a modular design, and one or more damping modules can be used according to the size of the vertical excitation suffered by the locomotive, which is flexible and convenient; an arc hole is formed on the rotating limit plate in the damping module, and the rotating arc hole pushes the sliding column to move in the long strip hole of the fixed limit plate, and the radial displacement of the sliding column is controlled by controlling the rotation angle of the rotating limit plate, thereby adjusting the pressure between the wear pad and the wear rod connected to the sliding column through the compression spring, so as to realize the controllable size of the friction force, and finally realize the adjustable damping of the shock absorber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of friction shock absorbers, and in particular to an adjustable variable damping friction shock absorber. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the rapid development of my country's railway industry and the continuous increase in locomotive running speed, the entire industry has higher and higher requirements for the stability of locomotive operation. The stability of vehicle operation depends largely on the vibration reduction performance of the shock absorber. The excitation source of the locomotive is complex and diverse. Through the analysis of the transmission of vehicle vibration, it is not difficult to find that the bogie plays a particularly important role in this process. The primary suspension is located between the bogie frame and the wheelset axle box. The shock absorber here is the first main component to attenuate vertical excitation, which fully illustrates the importance of the shock absorber to the smooth operation of the vehicle.

[0003] At present, the primary suspension damping elements of railway vehicles mainly include friction dampers, hydraulic dampers, etc., but they all have certain limitations. For example, the pressure of traditional friction dampers cannot be adjusted, and the size of their damping force cannot be adjusted, while the vertical excitation of the locomotive increases with the increase of the locomotive running speed; the amplitude of the hydraulic damper increases after exceeding the critical speed, which limits the damping performance to a certain extent and cannot meet the requirements of high-speed operation of the vehicle. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides an adjustable damping friction shock absorber in which a group of matching arc holes and long holes are arranged in the damping module constituting the shock absorber, the arc holes are used to push the sliding columns installed in the two holes to produce radial movement when rotating, and the damping size is adjusted by the changing friction force generated between the wear shoe and the wear rod connected to the sliding column and the compression spring.

[0005] The technical means adopted by the present invention are as follows: an adjustable variable damping friction shock absorber, comprising one or more damping modules connected in series, wherein the damping module is fixed in a protection frame, and the protection frame is fixedly installed in a locomotive bogie frame; the damping module comprises a rotating limit plate, wherein a fixed limit plate is respectively installed at the upper and lower ends of the rotating limit plate, and a friction assembly is installed between the rotating limit plate and the fixed limit plate, wherein the rotating limit plate is connected to a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder installed in the locomotive, and the piston rod pushes the rotating limit plate and the fixed limit plate to generate a circumferential relative displacement so as to adjust the friction force of the friction assembly, and the wear rod in the friction assembly is connected to the wheelset axle box of the locomotive.

[0006] Furthermore, the friction assembly includes multiple wear shoes and a wear rod, the rotating limit plate is provided with a circular through hole 2, and the disk body outside the through hole 2 is provided with arc holes distributed in a circular array with the center of the through hole 2 as the center and the same number as the wear shoes; fixed limit plates are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the rotating limit plate, and the disk body of the fixed limit plate is provided with a through hole 3, and the disk body of the fixed limit plate is also evenly distributed with elongated holes with the same number as the wear shoes, and the elongated holes are radially distributed with the center of the through hole 3 as the center and are connected with the through hole 3; the wear rod is movably installed in through hole 2 and through hole 3, and the wear shoe is placed between the rotating limit plate and the fixed limit plate; a U-shaped groove is provided on the shoe body of the wear shoe, and a sliding column is movably installed in the groove, and the remaining column body of the sliding column is placed in through hole 3 and through hole 2; a compression spring 1 is installed between the sliding column and the bottom of the groove.

[0007] Furthermore, the shock absorber is composed of a plurality of damping modules, the plurality of damping modules are connected in series by a wear rod, every two damping modules are isolated by a cage bracket, and the plurality of damping modules are connected by two connecting rods to form an integral body.

[0008] Furthermore, the cage-shaped bracket includes two support plates, and a through hole 4 for the wear rod to pass through is provided in the middle of the plate bodies of the two support plates, and the two support plates are connected into one body by a plurality of connecting columns.

[0009] Furthermore, the upper and lower end faces of the rotating limit plate are respectively provided with an annular boss 1 concentric with the through hole 2; the disk surface opposite to the rotating limit plate of the fixed limit plate is provided with an annular boss 2 with the same inner diameter and height as the annular boss 1, and the outer diameters of the two bosses are guaranteed to ensure interference fit with the loose ring and tight ring of the corresponding thrust bearing, and bearings are installed on the outer sides of the annular bosses of the annular boss 1 and the annular boss 2.

[0010] Furthermore, the bearing is a thrust roller bearing.

[0011] Furthermore, the wear shoe and the wear rod should be made of austempered spheroidal cast iron, and the hardness value of the spheroidal cast iron is 420HB-477HB.

[0012] Furthermore, a retaining block with a fan-shaped cross section is installed between every two adjacent wear shoes and in the space surrounded by the two annular bosses.

[0013] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0014] 1. The present invention adopts a modular design and can use one or more damping modules according to the size of the vertical disturbance suffered by the locomotive, which is flexible and convenient.

[0015] 2. An arc-shaped hole is formed on the rotating limit plate in the damping module. The rotating limit plate rotates under the drive of the hydraulic cylinder. The rotating arc-shaped hole pushes the sliding column to move in the long hole of the fixed limit plate. The radial displacement of the sliding column is controlled by controlling the rotation angle of the rotating limit plate, and then the pressure between the wear shoe and the wear rod connected to the sliding column through the compression spring is adjusted to achieve controllable friction force, and finally realize adjustable damping of the shock absorber.

[0016] 3. Install a bearing between the rotating limit plate and the fixed limit plate to make the rotation of the rotating limit plate in the damping module smoother.

[0017] 4. The fan-shaped retaining block installed between every two wear shoes can further improve the wear shoe's high position accuracy when the sliding column moves, thereby improving the control accuracy of the friction force. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a principle diagram of the present invention working under the action of a hydraulic cylinder and a compression spring.

[0021] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a damping module.

[0022] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Status indication diagram of the center slide column moving under the action of two fixed limit plates and one rotating limit plate.

[0023] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the middle damping module after removing the rotating limit plate and one fixed limit plate.

[0024] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 Top view of the rotating limit plate.

[0025] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 AA section view in.

[0026] Figure 8 yes Figure 1Top view of the fixed limit plate.

[0027] Fig. 9 yes Figure 8 BB section view in.

[0028] Fig.10 yes Figure 5 Three-dimensional diagram of friction loss.

[0029] Fig.11 yes Figure 5 Top view of the center spring mount.

[0030] Fig.12 yes Figure 1 Three-dimensional image of the cage-shaped stent.

[0031] In the figure: 1. Damping module; 1.1. Rotating limit plate; 1.1.1. Ear; 1.1.2. Through hole 1; 1.1.3. Arc hole; 1.1.4. Through hole 2; 1.1.5. Annular boss 1; 1.1.6. Virtual circle; 1.2. Fixed limit plate; 1.2.1. Long hole; 1.2.2. Through hole 3; 1.2.3. Annular boss 2; 1.3. Wear shoe; 1.3.1. Groove; 1.3.2, arc surface one; 1.4, wear rod; 1.5, sliding column; 1.6, bearing; 1.7, retaining block; 1.8, compression spring one; 1.9, spring mounting seat; 1.9.1, arc surface two; 1.9.2,; 2, cage bracket; 2.1, support plate; 2.1.1, through hole four; 2.2, connecting column; 3, connecting screw; 4, hydraulic unit; 5, compression spring two. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0035] An adjustable variable damping friction shock absorber, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes one or more damping modules 1 connected in series, the damping module 1 is placed in a protection frame (not shown in the figure), the damping module 1 includes a rotating limit plate 1.1, two fixed limit plates 1.2 and two friction components, wherein the two fixed limit plates 1.2 are respectively placed on the upper and lower sides of the rotating limit plate 1.1, and the friction component is installed between the rotating limit plate 1.1 and the fixed limit plate 1.2. When the shock absorber is composed of multiple damping modules 1, each two damping modules 1 are connected by a friction member 1. Fig.12 The cage-shaped bracket 2 shown is isolated and each damping module 1 is connected by two connecting screws 3; the shock absorber is fixed in the protection frame by the fixed limit plates 1.2 located on the upper and lower end faces thereof, and the shock absorber is fixedly installed in the locomotive bogie frame through the protection frame.

[0036] like Figure 5 As shown, the friction assembly includes five wear shoes 1.3 and a wear rod 1.4, one end of the wear rod 1.4 is connected to the wheel set axle box of the locomotive (not shown in the figure); Figure 4 As shown, a circular through hole 1.1.4 is provided at the center of the rotating limit plate 1.1 for the wear rod 1.4 to pass through; five arc holes 1.1.3 are arranged on the plate outside the through hole 1.1.4 in a circular array with the center of the through hole 1.1.4 as the center, and the centers of the five arc holes 1.1.3 are all located on the circumference of a virtual circle 1.1.6 concentric with the through hole 1.1.4 (see Figure 6 ), the diameter of the virtual circle 1.1.6 is larger than the diameter of the second through hole 1.1.4. Fixed limit plates 1.2 having substantially the same outer diameter as the rotating limit plate 1.1 are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the rotating limit plate 1.1, and a third through hole 1.2.2 for the wear rod 1.4 to pass through is arranged on the plate body of the fixed limit plate 1.2, and the second through hole 1.1.4 and the third through hole 1.2.2 are concentric, and the diameters of the two through holes are slightly larger than the diameter of the wear rod 1.4 to ensure that the wear rod 1.4 can smoothly move radially in the second through hole 1.1.4 and the third through hole 1.2.2; five long strip holes 1.2.1 are evenly distributed on the plate body of the fixed limit plate 1.2, and the five long strip holes 1.2.1 are radially distributed with the center of the circle of the third through hole 1.2.2 as the center and are connected to the third through hole 1.2.2.

[0037] like Figure 4 , 5 As shown, the wear shoe 1.3 is installed between the rotating limit plate 1.1 and the fixed limit plate 1.2; Figure 5 , 10 As shown, the wear shoe 1.3 is provided with an arc surface 1.3.2 adapted to the cylindrical surface of the wear rod 1.4 on one side facing the center of the limit plate, and a U-shaped groove 1.3.1 is provided on the shoe body on the opposite side of the arc surface 1.3.2, and a slide post 1.5 is movably installed in the groove 1.3.1, and the remaining part of the slide post 1.5 is placed in two through holes 1.2.2 and one through hole 1.1.4, and the upper and lower end faces of the slide post 1.5 are respectively connected to the two fixed limit plates. The upper end surface and the lower end surface of 1.2 are flush; a compression spring 1.8 with a certain prestress is installed between the sliding column 1.5 and the bottom of the groove 1.3.1, and the size of the prestress of the compression spring 1.8 is calculated in advance according to the operating conditions of the locomotive; in order to better fix the compression spring 1.8 between the sliding column 1.5 and the bottom plate of the groove 1.3.1, a spring mounting seat 1.9 can be installed between the sliding column 1.5 and the compression spring 1.8, such as Fig.11 As shown, the end of the spring mounting seat 1.9 that contacts the sliding column 1.5 is provided with an arc surface 1.9.1 adapted to the sliding column 1.5, and the end facing the wear rod 1.4 is provided with a protruding hemispherical boss 1.9.2, and one end of the compression spring 1.8 is sleeved on the hemispherical boss 1.9.2 through its inner hole; two fixed limit plates 1.2, a rotating limit plate 1.1, two sets of five wear shoes 1.3, a wear rod 1.4 and ten compression springs are connected and assembled into a damping module 1 through five sliding columns 1.5.

[0038] Two ears 1.1.1 protruding from the circumferential end surface of the rotating limit plate 1.1 are symmetrically arranged on the plate body. Figure 2 As shown, the ear 1.1.1 at one end is connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4 in the locomotive, and the piston rod applies a tangential force to the rotation limit plate 1.1. The ear 1.1.1 at the other end is supported by a compression spring 25, and the other end of the compression spring 25 is fixed to the locomotive bogie frame. The compression spring 25 needs to have a certain pre-pressure so that the shock absorber can still maintain a predetermined damping force when a failure occurs in the hydraulic system that controls the rotation limit plate.

[0039] A shock absorber with two or more damping modules 1 can be provided with two ears 1.1.1 evenly distributed on the circumference of a circle with the center of the through hole 1.1.4 as the center on the body of the rotating limit plate 1.1, and the hole body of the through hole 1.1.2 provided on the ear 1.1.1 needs to be placed as a whole on the outside of the fixed limit plate 1.2. After the connecting screw 3 connecting each damping module 1 passes through the through hole 1.1.2, each damping module 1 is connected into a whole to form a shock absorber with multiple damping modules 1.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, when the rotation limit plate 1.1 rotates clockwise under the action of the hydraulic cylinder 4 and the spring, the arc hole 1.1.3 on the rotation limit plate 1.1 pushes the slide post 1.5 to move from outside to inside in the long hole 1.2.1, and then the slide post 1.5 applies an inward radial pressure to the compression spring 1.8, and the compression spring 1.8 transmits the pressure to the wear shoe 1.3, and the wear shoe 1.3 contacts the wear rod 1.4 under a certain pressure. When the wear rod 1.4 moves vertically with the axle box when the locomotive wheel passes through an uneven route or when the wheel is out of round, the vertically reciprocating wear rod 1.4 and the stationary wear shoe 1.3 produce Sliding friction; by adjusting the pressure applied by the hydraulic cylinder 4 to the ear 1.1.1, the rotation angle of the rotating limit plate 1.1 can be controlled. The sliding column 1.5 can move forward and backward in the long hole 1.2.1 under the dual action of the radial pressure of the arc hole 1.1.3 and the elastic force of the compression spring 1.8, so that the pressure between the wear shoe 1.3 and the wear rod 1.4 changes, and the friction force between the wear shoe 1.3 and the wear rod 1.4 also changes accordingly, thereby adjusting the damping size of the friction shock absorber. Therefore, the damping of the friction shock absorber can be adjusted by adjusting the change in the pressure value applied by the hydraulic cylinder 4 to the rotating limit plate 1.1.

[0041] The fixed limit plate 1.2 must ensure good planar contact with the protection frame and the cage bracket 2, so that it can form a plane pair with the end face of the sliding column 1.5, which can ensure that when a certain layer of compression spring 1.8 fails, the sliding column 1.5 is still parallel to the wear rod 1.4 and limits the axial movement of the radial sliding column 1.5.

[0042] The materials used for the wear shoe 1.3 and the wear rod 1.4 should have good mechanical properties, high wear resistance and good toughness, have friction self-hardening properties, and the lifespans of both sides of the friction pair are equivalent, and they can be easily replaced at the same time.

[0043] like Fig.12 As shown, the cage-shaped bracket 2 comprises two circular support plates 2.1, the middle of the plate bodies of the two support plates 2.1 are provided with through holes 2.1.1 for the wear rod 1.4 to pass through, and the two support plates 2.1 are connected into one body by eight connecting columns 2.2.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment, the wear shoe 1.3 and the wear rod 1.4 should be made of austempered ductile iron (ADI), and the hardness is controlled within the range of 420HB-477HB.

[0045] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 6 , 7 As shown, the upper and lower end surfaces of the rotation limit plate 1.1 are respectively provided with an annular boss 1.1.5 which is perpendicular to the plate surface and concentric with the through hole 1.1.4; Figure 8 , 9 As shown, the fixed limit plate 1.2 and the rotating limit plate 1.1 are provided with an annular boss 2 1.2.3 having the same inner diameter and height as the annular boss 1 1.1.5 on the disk surface opposite to each other, and the bearing 1.6 is mounted on the cylindrical surface formed by the outer side surfaces of the two annular bosses as the axis, and the outer diameters of the two bosses ensure interference fit with the loose ring and tight ring of the corresponding thrust bearing 1.6, and the bearing 1.6 can be installed with a thrust roller bearing 1.6; when this embodiment is selected, the wear shoe 1.3 is placed between the inner side surfaces of the two annular bosses and the wear rod 1.4.

[0046] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 1 , 3 As shown, a retaining block 1.7 with a fan-shaped cross section is installed between every two adjacent wear shoes 1.3 and in the space surrounded by the two annular bosses. The retaining block 1.7 only serves to limit the circumferential movement of the wear shoe 1.3, and it has a clearance fit with each component.

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable variable damping friction shock absorber, Features: The invention comprises one or more damping modules connected in series, wherein the damping modules are fixed in a protection frame, and the protection frame is fixedly mounted on a locomotive bogie frame; the damping module comprises a rotating limit plate, and a fixed limit plate is respectively mounted on the upper and lower ends of the rotating limit plate, and a friction assembly is mounted between the rotating limit plate and the fixed limit plate, and the rotating limit plate is connected to a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder mounted in the locomotive bogie frame, and the piston rod pushes the rotating limit plate and the fixed limit plate to generate a circumferential relative displacement, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the friction force of the friction assembly, and the wear rod in the friction assembly is connected to the wheelset axle box of the locomotive; the friction force is a sliding friction force; the rotating limit plate is provided with arc holes distributed in a circumferential array with the two centers of the through hole as the center, and the fixed limit plate is provided with long strip holes with the same number as the arc holes and distributed in a radial manner; the sliding column in the friction assembly is simultaneously penetrated in the arc hole and the long strip hole, and the sliding column is driven to move radially in the long strip hole by the rotation of the rotating limit plate, thereby adjusting the pressure between the wear shoe and the wear rod.

2. According to claim 1, an adjustable variable damping friction shock absorber, Features: The friction assembly includes multiple wear shoes and a wear rod, the rotating limit plate is provided with a circular through hole 2, and the disk body outside the through hole 2 is provided with arc holes distributed in a circular array with the center of the through hole 2 as the center and the same number as the wear shoes; fixed limit plates are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the rotating limit plate, and the disk body of the fixed limit plate is provided with a through hole 3, and the disk body of the fixed limit plate is also evenly distributed with elongated holes with the same number as the wear shoes, and the elongated holes are radially distributed with the center of the through hole 3 as the center and are connected with the through hole 3; the wear rod is movably installed in the through hole 2 and the through hole 3, and the wear shoe is placed between the rotating limit plate and the fixed limit plate; the shoe body of the wear shoe is provided with a U-shaped groove, and a sliding column is movably installed in the groove, and the rest of the column body of the sliding column is placed in the arc hole and the elongated hole; a compression spring 1 is installed between the sliding column and the bottom of the groove.

3. According to claim 2, an adjustable variable damping friction shock absorber, Features: The shock absorber is composed of a plurality of damping modules, the plurality of damping modules are connected in series by a wear rod, every two damping modules are isolated by a cage bracket, and the plurality of damping modules are connected by two connecting rods to form an integral body.

4. According to claim 3, an adjustable variable damping friction shock absorber, Features: The cage-shaped bracket comprises two support plates, and a through hole 4 for the wear rod to pass through is arranged in the middle of the plate bodies of the two support plates, and the two support plates are connected into one body by a plurality of connecting columns.

5. According to claim 2, an adjustable variable damping friction shock absorber, Features: The upper and lower end faces of the rotating limit plate are respectively provided with an annular boss 1 concentric with the through hole 2; the disk surface of the fixed limit plate opposite to the rotating limit plate is provided with an annular boss 2 with the same inner diameter and height as the annular boss 1, and the outer diameters of the two bosses are guaranteed to ensure interference fit with the loose ring and tight ring of the corresponding thrust bearing, and bearings are installed on the outer sides of the annular bosses of the annular boss 1 and the annular boss 2.

6. According to claim 5, an adjustable variable damping friction shock absorber, Features: The bearing is a thrust roller bearing.

7. According to claim 3, an adjustable variable damping friction shock absorber, Features: The wear shoe and the wear rod should be made of isothermally quenched spheroidal cast iron, and the hardness value of the spheroidal cast iron is 420HB-477HB.

8. According to claim 3, an adjustable variable damping friction shock absorber, Features: A retaining block with a fan-shaped cross section is installed between every two adjacent wear shoes and in the space surrounded by the two annular bosses.

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