Air spring and vehicle

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of air springs, in particular to an air spring and a vehicle, the air spring comprising an end cover part, a bushing part, a bladder and a piston assembly, the end cover part being arranged at one end of the bushing part, the end cover part and the bushing part surrounding a first cavity extending along a predetermined direction; the bladder and the piston assembly being arranged in the first cavity, one end of the bladder being connected with the end cover part, the other end of the bladder being connected with one end of the piston assembly close to the end cover part, so that the end cover part, the bladder and the piston assembly surround a second cavity; when the piston assembly moves, part of the bladder is attached to part of the outer wall of the piston assembly; the piston assembly comprises a plurality of guide parts connected in sequence along the predetermined direction, and the change rate of the outer diameter of any two adjacent guide parts in the predetermined direction is different. According to the air spring and the vehicle provided by the application, the trend of the change of the spring stiffness with the change of the spring stroke is increased, and the air spring can adapt to different road conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of air spring technology, and in particular to an air spring and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] As competition in the automotive industry intensifies, ride comfort has become a key factor influencing a vehicle's competitiveness. To improve ride comfort, springs are typically installed in the vehicle's suspension to mitigate the impact of bumpy roads.

[0003] Springs typically used in vehicle suspensions include coil springs and air springs. Figure 1 A helical spring is shown. Figure 1 (Curve I) and existing air springs ( Figure 1 The spring stiffness-spring stroke relationship curve (curve II) is shown below. Figure 1 As can be seen, compared to helical springs, the spring stiffness of existing air springs can change with the change of spring stroke.

[0004] During actual driving, vehicles need to face different road conditions. For example, when driving on roads with deep ditches or high ridges, ideally, the springs need to provide high support strength to the suspension to ensure vehicle safety. On the other hand, when driving on flat roads, ideally, the stiffness of the springs needs to be reduced so that the springs can effectively reduce the floating amplitude of the vehicle body caused by road bumps and reduce the impact of road bumps on the driver and passengers.

[0005] However, the spring stiffness of existing air springs typically increases gradually with the increase of spring stroke. The spring stiffness of air springs exhibits a unidirectional trend, which makes them poorly adaptable to different road conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this application is to provide an air spring and vehicle that, to a certain extent, solves the technical problem of existing air springs where the spring stiffness typically increases gradually with the increase of spring travel. The uniform variation trend of the spring stiffness results in poor adaptability of the air spring to different road conditions.

[0007] According to a first aspect of this application, an air spring is provided, including an end cap portion, a sleeve portion, a bladder, and a piston assembly, wherein the end cap portion is disposed at one end of the sleeve portion, such that the end cap portion and the sleeve portion together enclose a first cavity extending in a predetermined direction.

[0008] Both the bladder and the piston assembly are disposed within the first cavity. One end of the bladder is connected to the end cap, and the other end of the bladder is connected to the end of the piston assembly near the end cap, such that the end cap, the bladder, and the piston assembly together form a closed second cavity.

[0009] When the piston assembly moves within the protective sleeve in the predetermined direction, under the action of air pressure in the second cavity, the first part of the bladder skin adheres to the inner wall of the protective sleeve, and the second part of the bladder skin adheres to a portion of the outer wall of the piston assembly;

[0010] The piston assembly includes a plurality of guide sections connected sequentially along a predetermined direction, wherein the outer diameter of any two adjacent guide sections varies at different rates in the predetermined direction.

[0011] Preferably, the piston assembly includes three of the guide portions;

[0012] The three guide portions are sequentially defined as a first guide portion, a second guide portion, and a third guide portion from one end of the piston assembly near the end cap portion.

[0013] Preferably, in the predetermined direction, from one end of the piston assembly near the end cap to the other end, the diameter of the first guide portion gradually increases, the diameter of the second guide portion gradually decreases, and the diameter of the third guide portion gradually increases.

[0014] Preferably, when the air spring is in static equilibrium, the bladder extends from one end of the piston assembly near the end cap along the outer wall of the piston assembly to the middle of the second guide portion.

[0015] Preferably, the outer walls of the first guide portion, the second guide portion, and the third guide portion are all formed as conical surfaces, and the semi-apex angle of the conical surface is 3° to 10°.

[0016] The air spring has a lever ratio of a, and the second guide has a height of 20a mm in the predetermined direction.

[0017] Preferably, the air spring further includes a damping body extending along the predetermined direction, and the piston assembly is connected to the damping body;

[0018] The end cap includes a guide channel extending along the predetermined direction, and a portion of the vibration damping body is disposed within the guide channel;

[0019] When the air spring is in static equilibrium, a predetermined distance is formed between the end of the damping body near the end cap and the end cap.

[0020] Preferably, the piston assembly further includes:

[0021] An end cap portion is disposed at one end of the first guide portion near the end cap portion;

[0022] A snap-fit ​​portion is connected to the end seal portion, the snap-fit ​​portion includes a variable diameter hole that passes through the snap-fit ​​portion along the predetermined direction, and the vibration damping body is snapped into the variable diameter hole;

[0023] The third cavity is formed by the first guide portion, the second guide portion, the third guide portion, the end seal portion, and the vibration damping body. The third cavity is open on the side of the piston assembly opposite to the end seal portion.

[0024] A connecting ring is disposed on the side of the end seal opposite to the first guide portion, and the bladder skin is connected to the piston assembly via the connecting ring.

[0025] Preferably, the vibration damping body comprises:

[0026] A limiting shaft extends in a predetermined direction and engages with the variable diameter hole.

[0027] A guide shaft is disposed at one end of the limiting shaft near the end cap. The diameter of the guide shaft is smaller than the diameter of the limiting shaft, and the guide shaft passes through the variable diameter hole.

[0028] A sealing tray is disposed on the outer side of the first end of the limiting shaft near the guide shaft, and the sealing tray is in contact with the inner wall of the snap-fit ​​portion.

[0029] Preferably, the air spring further includes an elastic guard, one end of which is sleeved on the end of the protective sleeve that is away from the end cap.

[0030] The vibration damping body also includes a protective tray, which is disposed on the outside of the second end of the limiting shaft, and the other end of the elastic cover is sleeved on the outside of the protective tray;

[0031] The protective tray includes ventilation holes that extend through the protective tray along the predetermined direction.

[0032] According to a second aspect of this application, a vehicle is provided that includes the air spring described in any of the above-mentioned technical solutions, and thus has all the beneficial technical effects of the air spring, which will not be repeated here.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0034] The air spring provided in this application, by means of the different rates of change of the outer diameter of any two adjacent guides in a predetermined direction, causes the second part of the bladder to change its contact position with the piston assembly in the first cavity along the predetermined direction during the movement of the piston assembly. This results in the effective area change rate of the air spring changing with the change of the guide that contacts the bladder.

[0035] According to the formula, the load on the air spring is:

[0036] P = p r A e (1)

[0037] In the formula, P is the load of the air spring; p r A represents the relative air pressure inside the air spring. e This represents the effective area of ​​the airbag.

[0038] And combine it with the equation of state for gases:

[0039] (p r +p a V m =(p r0 +p a V0 m (2)

[0040] The study determined the pattern of how changes in external load cause radial displacement of the air spring, leading to changes in the airbag's volume and internal pressure.

[0041] In the formula, p r Let V be the air pressure at any position of the airbag, and let p be the relative volume at any position. r0 V0 is the relative pressure of the gas at its static equilibrium position, and p is the relative volume of the gas at its static equilibrium position. a ρ represents the atmospheric pressure of the air outside the airbag. m is the variability index.

[0042] Push down to obtain:

[0043]

[0044] Further derivation yields the formula for calculating the stiffness of an air spring:

[0045]

[0046] Therefore, it can be seen that the rate of change of the stiffness of the air spring with respect to the effective area (dA) eThe stiffness of the air spring increases with the increase of / dh). In other words, the spring stiffness is positively correlated with the rate of change of the effective area. The air spring provided in this application effectively realizes that the rate of change of the effective area of ​​the air spring changes accordingly during the movement of the piston assembly along the predetermined direction (i.e., during the change of the spring stroke), by making the change trend of the air spring stiffness change with the change of the spring stroke, so that the change trend of the spring stiffness with the change of the spring stroke increases, so that the air spring can adapt to different road conditions.

[0047] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0048] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0049] Figure 1 The spring stiffness-spring stroke relationship curves for helical springs (curve I) and air springs (curve II) in the prior art are shown.

[0050] Figure 2 A front view of the air spring provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure obtained by cutting the air spring along section AA;

[0052] Figure 4 This is an isometric structural schematic diagram of the air spring provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0053] Figure 5 This is a front view of the piston assembly provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure obtained by cutting the piston assembly along BB;

[0055] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of the piston assembly and bladder assembly structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0056] Figure 8The spring stiffness-spring stroke relationship curve of the air spring (curve III) provided in the application embodiment.

[0057] Figure label:

[0058] 100 - End cap; 110 - Top support; 120 - Sealing cap; 121 - Sealing ring; 130 - Second pressure ring; 140 - Guide seat; 150 - Mounting seat; 200 - Shell; 310 - First guide section; 320 - Second guide section; 330 - Third guide section; 340 - End sealing ring; 350 - Connecting ring; 351 - First pressure ring; 360 - Snap-fit ​​section; 361 - Limiting ring; 362 - Sealing part; 363 - Extension part; 400 - Cylinder body; 410 - Support ring; 500 - Vibration damping body; 510 - Guide shaft; 520 - Limiting shaft; 530 - Sealing tray; 540 - Protective tray; 541 - Vent hole; 600 - Elastic protective cover;

[0059] 001 - First cavity; 002 - Second cavity; 003 - Third cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of this application, but not all embodiments.

[0061] The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application.

[0062] Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0063] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0064] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0065] The following reference Figures 2 to 8 This application describes an air spring and vehicle according to some embodiments.

[0066] See Figures 2 to 8 As shown, an embodiment of the first aspect of this application provides an air spring, including an end cap 100, a protective sleeve, a bladder 200, and a piston assembly. The end cap 100 is disposed at one end of the protective sleeve, such that the end cap 100 and the protective sleeve together form a first cavity 001 extending in a predetermined direction. The bladder 200 and the piston assembly are both disposed within the first cavity 001. One end of the bladder 200 is connected to the end cap 100, and the other end of the bladder 200 is connected to the end of the piston assembly near the end cap 100, such that the end cap 100, the bladder 200, and the piston assembly together form a closed second cavity 002. When the piston assembly moves within the protective sleeve in the predetermined direction, under the action of air pressure within the second cavity 002, a first portion of the bladder 200 adheres to the inner wall of the protective sleeve, and a second portion of the bladder 200 adheres to a portion of the outer wall of the piston assembly. The piston assembly includes a plurality of guide sections connected sequentially along a predetermined direction, wherein the outer diameter of any two adjacent guide sections varies at different rates in the predetermined direction.

[0067] The air spring provided in this application, by means of the different rates of change of the outer diameter of any two adjacent guides in the predetermined direction, causes the second part of the bladder 200 to change its contact position with the piston assembly in the first cavity 001 during the movement of the piston assembly along the predetermined direction. As a result, the effective area change rate of the air spring changes with the change of the guide that contacts the bladder 200.

[0068] According to the formula, the load on the air spring is:

[0069] P = p r A e (1)

[0070] In the formula, P is the load of the air spring; p r A represents the relative air pressure inside the air spring.e This represents the effective area of ​​the airbag.

[0071] And combine it with the equation of state for gases:

[0072] (p r +p a V m =(p r0 +p a V0 m (2)

[0073] The study determined the pattern of how changes in external load cause radial displacement of the air spring, leading to changes in the airbag's volume and internal pressure.

[0074] In the formula, p r Let V be the air pressure at any position of the airbag, and let p be the relative volume at any position. r0 V0 is the relative pressure of the gas at its static equilibrium position, and p is the relative volume of the gas at its static equilibrium position. a ρ represents the atmospheric pressure of the air outside the airbag. m is the variability index.

[0075] Push down to obtain:

[0076]

[0077] Further derivation yields the formula for calculating the stiffness of an air spring:

[0078]

[0079] Therefore, it can be seen that the rate of change of the stiffness of the air spring with respect to the effective area (dA) e The stiffness of the air spring increases with the increase of / dh), and decreases with the decrease of the rate of change of the effective area. In other words, the stiffness of the air spring is positively correlated with the rate of change of the effective area. The air spring provided in this application effectively realizes that the rate of change of the effective area of ​​the air spring changes accordingly during the movement of the piston assembly along the predetermined direction (i.e., during the change of the spring stroke), by making the change trend of the air spring stiffness change with the change of the spring stroke, so that the change trend of the spring stiffness with the change of the spring stroke increases, so that the air spring can adapt to different road conditions.

[0080] It should be noted that the rate of change of the outer diameter of the guide part in the predetermined direction can be understood as the change in the outer diameter of the guide part per unit length in the predetermined direction.

[0081] Preferably, such as Figure 3 , Figures 5 to 8The illustration shows an example of a piston assembly including three guide sections; however, it is not limited to this. The number, size range, and tilt tendency of the guide sections can be adaptively adjusted according to different road conditions and operating environments. For example, the number of guide sections can also be two, four, five, six, or more.

[0082] For ease of description, the three guide portions are sequentially defined as the first guide portion 310, the second guide portion 320, and the third guide portion 330 from one end of the piston assembly near the end cap portion 100.

[0083] Preferably, such as Figure 3 and Figures 5 to 8 As shown, in the predetermined direction, from one end of the piston assembly near the end cap 100 to the other end, the diameter of the first guide portion 310 gradually increases, the diameter of the second guide portion 320 gradually decreases, and the diameter of the third guide portion 330 gradually increases, thereby enabling the air spring provided in this application to present... Figure 8 Curve III shows the spring stiffness-spring stroke relationship curve. In other words, when the bladder 200 extends along the outer wall of the piston assembly to the outer edge of the first guide portion 310, the spring stroke corresponds to... Figure 8 The spring travel is shown as follows (e.g., when the vehicle is traveling on a deep ditch); when the bladder 200 extends along the outer wall of the piston assembly to the outer edge of the second guide 320, the spring travel corresponds to... Figure 8 The high-frequency band shown; when the bladder 200 extends along the outer wall of the piston assembly to the outer edge of the third guide portion 330, the spring travel corresponds to... Figure 8 The compressed section shown is (e.g., a vehicle traveling on a raised road surface).

[0084] It should be noted that the skin 200 can be an elastic cylinder made of elastic material. The structure of the skin 200 is existing technology in this field and will not be described in detail here.

[0085] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 and Figures 5 to 8 As shown, when the air spring is in static equilibrium (i.e. Figure 8 (As shown in the standard position), the bladder 200 extends from one end of the piston assembly near the end cap 100 along the outer wall of the piston assembly to the middle of the second guide portion 320. This ensures that when the vehicle is traveling on a flat road, the bladder 200 extends precisely within the range of the second guide portion 320, so that the spring stiffness is maintained at a suitable level when the vehicle is traveling on a flat road. Figure 8 The high-frequency range shown has a low spring stiffness, which allows the air spring to effectively reduce the vibration amplitude of the vehicle body caused by road bumps and improve the comfort of the driver and passengers.

[0086] Preferably, the leverage ratio of the air spring can be a, and the height of the second guide portion 320 in the predetermined direction can be 20a mm, so that the second guide portion 320 can cover the most common wheel bounce range (i.e. ±20 mm) in daily road conditions.

[0087] Preferably, such as Figure 3 and Figures 5 to 8 As shown, the outer walls of the first guide portion 310, the second guide portion 320, and the third guide portion 330 can all be conical surfaces. Specifically, the apex angles of the conical surfaces of the first guide portion 310 and the second guide portion 320 face opposite directions; the apex angles of the conical surfaces of the first guide portion 310 and the third guide portion 330 face the same direction, to achieve... Figure 8 The curve shape shown by curve Ⅲ in the middle.

[0088] Furthermore, the semi-apex angle of the conical surfaces corresponding to the first guide section 310, the second guide section 320, and the third guide section 330 can all be 3° to 10° (for example, the semi-apex angle of the conical surface can also be 4°, 5°, 6°, 7°, 8°, 9°, etc.) to ensure that the change trend of the air spring stiffness can adapt to the changes in road conditions.

[0089] Optionally, the piston assembly may further include a first chamfer, which may be disposed at the connection between the end seal and the first guide portion 310. Similarly, the piston assembly may further include a second chamfer and a third chamfer, where the second chamfer may be disposed at the connection between the first guide portion 310 and the second guide portion 320, and the third chamfer may be disposed at the connection between the second guide portion 320 and the third guide portion 330. This effectively reduces wear on the bladder 200 by the piston assembly during its movement in contact with the piston assembly.

[0090] Preferably, such as Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the piston assembly may also include an end seal, which may be formed as an end seal ring 340. The outer edge of the end seal ring 340 may be connected to one end of the first guide portion 310 near the end cap portion 100 to facilitate sealing of the second cavity 002.

[0091] Preferably, such as Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the piston assembly may further include a snap-fit ​​portion 360, to which the inner edge of the end-sealing ring 340 may be connected. The snap-fit ​​portion 360 may include a variable-diameter hole extending through it in a predetermined direction, for engaging the vibration damping body 500 to achieve vibration damping.

[0092] Preferably, such as Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the snap-fit ​​portion 360 may include a limiting ring 361, which includes a through hole extending through the limiting ring 361 in a predetermined direction. The through hole may be part of the aforementioned variable diameter hole, so that the guide shaft 510 described below can pass through it.

[0093] Preferably, such as Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the snap-fit ​​portion 360 may include an extension portion 363, which includes a mounting hole extending along the predetermined direction. The diameter of the mounting hole is larger than the diameter of the through hole. The mounting hole and the through hole are connected to each other to form the variable diameter hole. The limiting shaft 520 of the damping body 500 is disposed in the mounting hole, and the guide shaft 510 of the damping body 500 is disposed in the through hole to achieve limiting of both the damping body 500 and the piston assembly in the predetermined direction.

[0094] Optionally, such as Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the snap-fit ​​portion 360 may further include a sealing portion 362, one end of which is connected to the outer edge of the limiting ring 361, and the other end of which is connected to the aforementioned extension portion 363. Optionally, the inner diameter of the sealing portion 362 is equal to the shaft diameter of the limiting shaft 520 described below, in order to ensure the sealing of the second cavity 002.

[0095] Preferably, such as Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the diameter of the aforementioned mounting hole is slightly larger than the diameter of the aforementioned limiting shaft 520, providing space for the aforementioned sealing tray 530.

[0096] Preferably, such as Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the piston assembly may also include a connecting ring 350 disposed on the side of the end sealing ring 340 opposite to the first guide portion 310, and the aforementioned bladder 200 is connected to the piston assembly via the connecting ring 350.

[0097] Preferably, such as Figure 3 and Figures 5 to 7 As shown, the piston assembly may further include a first pressure ring 351, the connecting ring 350 extends in a predetermined direction, and the bladder 200 is disposed between the first pressure ring 351 and the connecting ring 350, such that the bladder 200 is clamped to the outside of the connecting ring 350 via the first pressure ring 351, thereby achieving the connection between the bladder 200 and the piston assembly.

[0098] Optionally, such as Figure 5As shown, the connecting ring 350 may also include a plurality of annular protrusions, which are continuously disposed on the outer side wall of the connecting ring 350 along a predetermined direction to improve the stability and sealing of the connection between the connecting ring 350 and the bladder 200.

[0099] Optionally, such as Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the piston assembly may also include a third cavity 003, which may be formed by the first guide portion 310, the second guide portion 320, the third guide portion 330, the end seal portion and the vibration damping body 500 described above, in order to reduce the weight of the piston assembly and improve the sensitivity of the piston assembly to the pressure difference change between the first cavity 001 and the second cavity 002.

[0100] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the third cavity 003 is formed open on the side of the piston assembly away from the end seal, so as to further improve the sensitivity of the piston assembly to the pressure difference change between the first cavity 001 and the second cavity 002.

[0101] In an embodiment, such as Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the air spring may also include a damping body 500 that extends in a predetermined direction, and a piston assembly connected to the damping body 500 to achieve the connection between the damping device and the piston assembly of the vehicle described below.

[0102] Preferably, such as Figure 3 As shown, the vibration damping body 500 may include a limiting shaft 520 and a guide shaft 510, both extending in a predetermined direction. The guide shaft 510 is disposed at one end of the limiting shaft 520 near the end cap 100. The diameter of the guide shaft 510 is smaller than the diameter of the limiting shaft 520. The guide shaft 510 passes through the through hole, so that the limiting shaft 520 is engaged with the limiting ring 361, thereby realizing the connection between the vibration damping body 500 and the piston assembly.

[0103] Preferably, such as Figure 3 As shown, the vibration damping body 500 may also include a sealing tray 530, which is disposed on the outer side of the first end of the limiting shaft 520 near the guide shaft 510. When the vibration damping body 500 and the piston assembly are connected, the sealing tray 530 fits against the inner wall of the aforementioned extension portion 363.

[0104] Optionally, the sealing tray 530 may include a tray body, an annular groove, and a sealing ring. The tray body is cylindrical, the annular groove is disposed on the outer side wall of the tray body, and the sealing ring is disposed in the annular groove to improve the sealing performance between the sealing tray 530 and the aforementioned extension portion 363.

[0105] Preferably, such as Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the air spring may also include an elastic cover 600, one end of which is sleeved on the end of the sleeve portion away from the end cap portion 100, so that the first cavity 001 is closed to prevent dust and debris from entering the first cavity 001.

[0106] Optionally, such as Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the elastic cover 600 can be an accordion-style dust cover.

[0107] Preferably, such as Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the vibration damping body 500 may also include a protective tray 540, which is disposed on the outside of the second end of the limiting shaft 520 so that the other end of the elastic cover 600 is sleeved on the outside of the protective tray 540 to fix the elastic cover 600.

[0108] Preferably, such as Figure 3 As shown, the protective tray 540 may include a vent 541 extending through the protective tray 540 in a predetermined direction to allow gas outside the air spring to flow into and out of the first cavity 001.

[0109] Optionally, there can be multiple vent holes 541, and the multiple vent holes 541 can be evenly distributed along the circumference of the protective tray 540.

[0110] In an embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the end cap portion 100 may include a top support 110, and the end cap portion 100 is covered on the protective sleeve portion via the top support 110.

[0111] Preferably, such as Figure 3 As shown, the end cap portion 100 may further include a second pressure ring 130. Correspondingly, the top support 110 is cylindrical and includes an annular groove disposed on the outer side of the top support 110 at one end near the piston assembly in a predetermined direction. The bladder skin 200 is engaged in the annular groove of the top support 110 via the second pressure ring 130 to achieve the connection between the end cap portion 100 and the bladder skin 200.

[0112] Preferably, the top support 110 may further include a mounting portion, which includes a guide channel extending in a predetermined direction, and the guide shaft 510 is disposed in the guide channel to ensure that the piston assembly can move in the predetermined direction.

[0113] Preferably, such as Figure 3As shown, the mounting portion may include a guide seat 140 and a mounting seat 150. The guide seat 140 includes a guide hole extending in a predetermined direction. The mounting seat 150 is disposed on the side of the guide seat 140 opposite to the piston assembly. The guide shaft 510 passes through the guide hole and is disposed within the mounting seat 150.

[0114] Preferably, such as Figure 3 As shown, the end cap portion 100 may also include a sealing cap 120, which is disposed on one end of the guide channel away from the piston assembly to ensure the sealing of the end cap portion 100.

[0115] Preferably, the sealing cap 120 can protrude outward from the second cavity 002, so that a predetermined space is formed between the sealing cap 120 and the mounting base 150, such as... Figure 3 (A schematic diagram of the cross-section obtained by cutting the air spring along the AA direction when the air spring is in static equilibrium) This makes a predetermined distance formed between the guide shaft 510 and the sealing cover 120 when the air spring is in static equilibrium, so as to provide vibration space for the damping body 500 in a predetermined direction.

[0116] Optionally, such as Figure 3 As shown, the end cap portion 100 may also include a sealing ring 121, which may be disposed between the sealing cap 120 and the mounting portion to improve the sealing performance of the end cap portion 100.

[0117] Optionally, the sealing ring 121 and the sealing ring mentioned above can be elastic sealing materials, such as rubber, silicone, etc.

[0118] In an embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the protective sleeve may include a cylinder body 400 and a support ring 410. The cylinder body 400 may be a cylinder extending in a predetermined direction. An annular groove may be formed at one end of the cylinder body 400 near the end cap 100. The aforementioned bladder skin 200 may be engaged in the annular groove from the inside of the cylinder body 400 via the support ring 410. On the one hand, this achieves the connection between the bladder skin 200 and the protective sleeve; on the other hand, it ensures that the bladder skin 200 fits well against the inner wall of the cylinder body 400.

[0119] The second aspect of this application also provides a vehicle including the air spring described in any of the above embodiments, thus possessing all the beneficial technical effects of the air spring, which will not be repeated here.

[0120] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An air spring, characterized by, The air spring comprises an end cover part, a cylinder part, a bladder skin and a piston assembly, the end cover part is arranged at one end of the cylinder part, so that the end cover part and the cylinder part together form a first cavity extending in a predetermined direction; The bladder skin and the piston assembly are arranged in the first cavity, one end of the bladder skin is connected with the end cover part, and the other end of the bladder skin is connected with one end of the piston assembly close to the end cover part, so that the end cover part, the bladder skin and the piston assembly together form a closed second cavity; When the piston assembly moves in the cylinder part in the predetermined direction, under the action of the air pressure in the second cavity, a first part of the bladder skin is attached to the inner wall of the cylinder part, and a second part of the bladder skin is attached to part of the outer wall of the piston assembly; The piston assembly comprises a plurality of guide parts connected in sequence in the predetermined direction, and the change rates of the outer diameters of any two adjacent guide parts in the predetermined direction are different; The piston assembly comprises three guide parts; The three guide parts are sequentially defined as a first guide part, a second guide part and a third guide part from one end of the piston assembly close to the end cover part; In the predetermined direction, from one end of the piston assembly close to the end cover part to the other end, the diameter of the first guide part gradually increases, the diameter of the second guide part gradually decreases, and the diameter of the third guide part gradually increases; When the air spring is in a static equilibrium state, the bladder skin extends along the outer wall of the piston assembly from one end of the piston assembly close to the end cover part to a middle position of the second guide part; The outer walls of the first guide part, the second guide part and the third guide part are all parts of conical surfaces, the apex angles of the conical surfaces corresponding to the first guide part and the second guide part are opposite, and the apex angles of the conical surfaces corresponding to the first guide part and the third guide part are the same; The outer walls of the first guide part, the second guide part and the third guide part are all formed as parts of conical surfaces, and the half apex angle of the conical surface is 3°-10°; The lever ratio of the air spring is a, and the height of the second guide part in the predetermined direction is 20a millimeters; The air spring further comprises a damping main body, the damping main body extends in the predetermined direction, and the piston assembly is connected with the damping main body; The piston assembly further comprises: An end sealing part arranged at one end of the first guide part close to the end cover part; A clamping part connected with the end sealing part, the clamping part comprises a variable-diameter hole penetrating through the clamping part in the predetermined direction, and the damping main body is clamped in the variable-diameter hole; The clamping part comprises a limiting ring, and the limiting ring comprises a through hole penetrating through the limiting ring in the predetermined direction; The clamping part comprises an extension part, the extension part comprises a placement hole extending in the predetermined direction, the diameter of the placement hole is larger than the diameter of the through hole, and the placement hole and the through hole are communicated with each other to form the variable-diameter hole; The clamping portion further comprises a sealing portion, one end of the sealing portion is connected with the outer edge of the limiting ring, and the other end of the sealing portion is connected with the extending portion; A third cavity is formed by the first guide portion, the second guide portion, the third guide portion, the end sealing portion and the damping main body, and the third cavity is open on the side of the piston assembly away from the end sealing portion; A connecting ring is arranged on the side of the end sealing portion away from the first guide portion, and the bladder skin is connected with the piston assembly through the connecting ring.

2. The air spring of claim 1, wherein, The end cover portion comprises a guide channel extending in the predetermined direction, and part of the damping main body is arranged in the guide channel; When the air spring is in a static equilibrium state, a predetermined distance is formed between the end portion of the damping main body close to the end cover portion and the end cover portion.

3. The air spring of claim 1, wherein, The damping main body comprises: A limiting shaft extending in a predetermined direction, the limiting shaft is clamped with the variable-diameter hole; A guide shaft arranged on the end of the limiting shaft close to the end cover portion, the diameter of the guide shaft is smaller than the diameter of the limiting shaft, and the guide shaft penetrates through the variable-diameter hole; A sealing tray arranged on the outside of the first end of the limiting shaft close to the guide shaft, the sealing tray is in contact with the inner wall of the clamping portion.

4. The air spring of claim 3, wherein, The air spring further comprises an elastic shield, one end of the elastic shield is sleeved on the end of the sleeve portion away from the end cover portion; The damping main body further comprises a protective tray, the protective tray is arranged on the outside of the second end of the limiting shaft, and the other end of the elastic shield is sleeved on the outside of the protective tray; The protective tray comprises an air-permeable hole penetrating through the protective tray in the predetermined direction.

5. A vehicle characterized by comprising: An air spring comprising any one of claims 1 to 4.

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