Control devices, waste incineration equipment, control methods and procedures

Abstract

The technical problem is to provide a control device that can suppress variations in combustion in a waste incineration equipment. The solution is a control device comprising: a data acquisition unit for acquiring measured values ​​from sensors of the waste incineration equipment; a combustion rate estimation unit for using the measured values ​​to estimate the combustion rate in the incinerator of the waste incineration equipment; and a control unit for controlling the amount of waste supplied or the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion rate.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a control device for a waste incineration facility, a waste incineration facility, a control method, and a program. BACKGROUND

[0002] In a waste incineration facility in which a boiler is provided, heat generated at the time of incineration of waste is recovered, and power generation is performed using generated steam, waste power generation is not simply disposal of waste as a waste product, but rather, it is a process in which waste is made to generate added value as a fuel, and this is economically important. In order to improve the added value of waste as a fuel, the most effective way is to stabilize the amount of generated steam and to be able to perform power generation according to a plan.

[0003] Generally, in an incinerator in which municipal waste, industrial waste, or the like is incinerated, a hopper is provided, and a crane is used to lift the waste and the like and drop it into the hopper. The waste in the hopper is passed through a chute and is supplied to the incinerator in turn by a waste feeding facility provided at the lower portion thereof. As the waste feeding facility, various forms exist, and a pusher type waste feeding facility in which the waste is pushed toward the incinerator by reciprocating motion is used in many cases. The pusher is located below the hopper and the chute, and when extended, the pusher pushes the waste located around it toward the incinerator. The stroke of the pusher is limited, and when fully extended, the waste cannot be pushed out any further. Therefore, after the pusher is fully extended, an operation of temporarily retracting and then extending again is performed.

[0004] As for the method of supplying the waste to the incinerator by the pusher type, various forms exist. For example, in Patent Literature 1, a control method in which the amount of waste supplied to the incinerator per unit time is adjusted by the number of reciprocating operations of the pusher per unit time is disclosed. In the control method described in Patent Literature 1, the number of reciprocating operations of the pusher per unit time is increased or decreased in accordance with a variation in the moisture rate of the waste, and a variation in the steam flow rate is suppressed. The steam flow rate has a property of varying in accordance with the heat generation amount per unit volume of the supplied waste. The method of Patent Literature 1 focuses on the moisture of the waste as a cause of variation in the heat generation amount, but in fact, not only the moisture but also, for example, the content rate of synthetic resin of the waste and the like affect the heat generation amount.

[0005] Further, in the method of Patent Literature 1, a sensor for measuring the moisture is required. Moreover, in the case of the method described in Patent Literature 1, when waste having a high moisture content is detected, the activation or deactivation of combustion caused by the supply of the waste to the incinerator is predicted, and feedforward compensation is performed. However, the time from the detection of the moisture to the actual supply to the furnace cannot be accurately managed, and thus the feedforward compensation has an error.

[0006] A waste combustion control method that calculates an estimated heat generation amount per unit amount of waste is disclosed in Patent Literature 2. In the case of the combustion control method of Patent Literature 2, the boiler evaporation amount is calculated based on the estimation of the heat generation amount per unit supplied amount of waste. However, as described below, in order to estimate the heat generation amount per unit supplied amount of waste, several hours of data are required, and the estimated value is a value that averages several hours, and thus, particularly when the properties of the waste fluctuate over time, the "heat generation amount per unit time of waste" at the current time point cannot be estimated promptly. Therefore, the estimated boiler evaporation amount for adjusting the delivery of the waste and the primary combustion air is not accurate, and fluctuation in the boiler evaporation amount is unavoidable. Furthermore, in paragraph 0013 of Patent Literature 3, it is described that the waste is assumed to be composed of moisture, combustible fraction, and ash fraction, the ash fraction ratio and the combustible fraction component of the waste are fixed, the low heat generation amount of the combustible fraction is calculated based on long-term material balance, and for other required process values, several minutes to about 60 minutes of average values are used to calculate the material and heat balance, and the low heat generation amount of the waste is estimated. However, for example, it is difficult to estimate the high heat generation amount or the low heat generation amount with a short time of about 1 minute. The low heat generation amount and the high heat generation amount are the heat generation amount per unit mass [J / kg], and for the supplied waste, the following equation (1) is used to calculate it in principle. Since the following description is common to the low heat generation amount and the high heat generation amount, it is unified as the low heat generation amount.

[0007] [Equation 1]

[0008]

[0009] The denominator of equation (1) is the mass of the garbage supplied between time t1 and time t2 [kg]. The numerator indicates the heat generation of the garbage supplied between time t1 and time t2 [J]. The time difference between the integration interval of the denominator, the start point t1 and the end point t2, for example, can be 1 minute or less. However, the time difference between the integration interval of the numerator, the start point t1 and the end point t3, cannot necessarily be handled as such. In the case of coal, oil, and combustible gas, a pair of furnaces is supplied and immediately burned out, and therefore the end point t3 of the integration interval of the numerator can be the same as t2, which is the end point of the integration interval of the denominator, and therefore the lower calorific value can be calculated without delay, for example, within 1 minute. If the supplied garbage is burned out immediately after the supply, it is not important in the calculation of the numerator to distinguish when the supplied garbage realizes heat generation, and therefore it is possible to assume t3 = t2 and simply set the total heat generation from time t1 to time t2 as the heat generation amount realized by the garbage supplied at the same time. However, garbage differs from coal and the like, and takes 1 hour or more until it is burned out, and therefore t3, which is the end point of the integration of the heat generation amount, must be set to be at least 1 hour longer than t2. Therefore, at least long-term data of the time until the garbage is burned out (for example, 1 hour or so) is required for the calculation of the numerator of equation (1). However, the lower calorific value of the garbage supplied 1 hour ago is known by the calculation. Even if the lower calorific value 1 hour ago is known, it does not work well for real-time control.

[0010] In fact, the lag is more than 1 hour. Hereinafter, the time lag will be described. The heat generation from time t1 to time t3 includes the heat generation of the garbage supplied before time t1 and already in the furnace, and the heat generation of the garbage supplied after time t2, and therefore it is difficult to calculate only the heat realized by the garbage supplied between time t1 and time t2 from the heat generation of the garbage in the calculation of the numerator of equation (1). Therefore, if the heat generation amount is simply integrated, the heat generation amount of the denominator is the total heat generation from time t1 to time t3, and in contrast, the supply amount of the numerator is not limited to the supply amount from time t1 to t2, and therefore the lower calorific value is excessively large. For example, when t1 = 0, t2 = 1 minute, it is assumed that it takes 60 minutes until the garbage is burned out, and t3 = 61 minutes, if the heat generation amount is simply integrated, the lower calorific value is about 60 times the actual value. In order to prevent this, it is effective to set the integration interval of the denominator to be several times longer than the time until the garbage is burned out, and to make the values of t2 and t3 close. For example, if t1 = 0, t2 = 300 minutes, and t3 = 360 minutes, the lower calorific value is 1.2 times the actual value, and can become a better approximation. However, the value of the lower calorific value obtained by this method further lags in time, and is an average of the heat generation amount over a long period, rather than the heat generation amount at that time. Thus, the estimated value of the lower calorific value lags by several hours in principle and is averaged, and does not work well for the operation when the combustion state changes rapidly.

[0011] Prior Art Documents

[0012] Patent Documents

[0013] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-178850

[0014] Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent No. 5996762

[0015] Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent No. 3822328

[0016] Patent Document 4: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 63-61621 SUMMARY

[0017] Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0018] Provided is a control method that detects a variation in combustion of a waste incinerator at an early stage and suppresses the variation.

[0019] The present invention provides a control device, a waste incineration apparatus, a control method, and a program that solve the above problems.

[0020] Technical Solution

[0021] The control device of the present invention includes: a data acquisition unit that acquires a measurement value measured by a sensor provided in a waste incineration apparatus; a combustion speed estimation unit that estimates a combustion speed in an incinerator of the waste incineration apparatus using the measurement value; and a control unit that controls a supply amount of waste or a flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator on the basis of the combustion speed.

[0022] Further, the control method of the present invention includes: a step of acquiring a measurement value measured by a sensor provided in a waste incineration apparatus; a step of estimating a combustion speed in an incinerator of the waste incineration apparatus using the measurement value; and a step of controlling a supply amount of waste or a flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator on the basis of the combustion speed.

[0023] Further, the waste incineration apparatus of the present invention includes: an incinerator that incinerates waste; a waste feeder that supplies waste to the incinerator; a blower that supplies combustion air to the incinerator; a combustion air valve that controls a flow rate of combustion air supplied from the blower to the incinerator; and the above-described control device.

[0024] Further, the program of the present invention causes a computer to execute: a step of acquiring a measurement value measured by a sensor provided in a waste incineration apparatus; a step of estimating a combustion speed in an incinerator of the waste incineration apparatus using the measurement value; and a step of controlling a supply amount of waste or a flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator on the basis of the combustion speed.

[0025] Inventive Effects

[0026] According to the above-described control device, waste incineration facility, control method, and program, it is possible to suppress variations in combustion of the waste incineration facility. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a diagram showing one example of a waste incineration facility of each embodiment.

[0028] Figure 2 is a diagram showing one example of a functional configuration of a main part of the control device of the first embodiment.

[0029] Figure 3 is a diagram showing one example of an operation of the control device of the first embodiment.

[0030] Figure 4 is a diagram showing one example of a functional configuration of a main part of the control device of the second embodiment.

[0031] Figure 5 is a diagram showing one example of an operation of the control device of the second embodiment.

[0032] Figure 6 is a diagram showing one example of a functional configuration of a main part of the control device of the third embodiment.

[0033] Figure 7 is a diagram showing one example of an operation of the control device of the third embodiment.

[0034] Figure 8 is a diagram showing one example of a functional configuration of a main part of the control device of the fourth embodiment.

[0035] Figure 9 is a diagram showing one example of a functional configuration of a main part of the control device of the fifth embodiment.

[0036] Figure 10 is a diagram showing one example of an operation of the control device of the fifth embodiment.

[0037] Figure 11 is a diagram showing one example of a functional configuration of a main part of the control device of the sixth embodiment.

[0038] Figure 12 is a diagram showing one example of an operation of the control device of the sixth embodiment.

[0039] Figure 13 is a diagram showing one example of a hardware configuration of the control device of each embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Hereinafter, the garbage incineration apparatus of the embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same symbols are attached to the configurations having the same or similar functions. Also, sometimes the repeated description of the configurations will be omitted. "XX or YY" means not limited to either one of XX and YY, but can include both of XX and YY. The same is true in the case where the alternative elements are three or more. "XX" and "YY" are arbitrary elements (for example, arbitrary information).

[0041] (System configuration)

[0042] Figure 1 is a view showing one example of the garbage incineration apparatus of each embodiment.

[0043] The garbage incineration apparatus 100 is provided with: a hopper 1 into which garbage is thrown; a chute 2 that guides the garbage thrown into the hopper 1 to the lower portion; a pusher 10 that supplies the garbage supplied through the chute 2 into the combustion chamber 6; a grate 3 that receives the garbage supplied by the pusher 10, and transports the garbage while drying and burning it; a combustion chamber 6 that burns the garbage; an ash outlet 7 that discharges the ash; a blower 4 that supplies air; a plurality of air boxes 5A to 5E that guide the air supplied by the blower 4 to each portion of the grate 3; a pipe 14 that directly supplies the air supplied by the blower 4 to the combustion chamber 6; and a boiler 9.

[0044] The pusher 10 is a garbage feeding device that moves in the direction of the arrow a, and pushes out the garbage supplied through the chute 2, thereby supplying the garbage to the grate 3. The grate 3 is provided at the bottom of the chute 2 and the combustion chamber 6, and transports the garbage. The grate 3 is provided with: a drying zone 3A that evaporates and dries the moisture of the garbage supplied by the pusher 10; a combustion zone 3B that is located downstream of the drying zone 3A, and burns the dried garbage; and a post-combustion zone 3C that is located downstream of the combustion zone 3B, and burns the unburned components such as fixed carbon components that have passed through without being burned, to ash. The speed of the action of the grate 3 is controlled by receiving a control signal from the control device 20.

[0045] The blower 4 is provided below the grate 3, and supplies air to each portion of the grate 3 through the air boxes 5A to 5E. The pipe 8F that guides the air transported by the blower 4 to the air boxes 5A to 5E is connected with branch pipes that respectively connect the pipe 8F with the air boxes 5A to 5E, and the branch pipes are each provided with a valve 8A to 8E. The flow rate of the combustion air supplied to the air boxes 5A to 5E can be adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the valves 8A to 8E. The blower amount of the blower 4 and the opening degree of the valves 8A to 8E are controlled by receiving a control signal from the control device 20. Sometimes, the valves 8A to 8E are collectively referred to as primary combustion air valves.

[0046] The combustion chamber 6 is composed of a primary combustion chamber 6A and a secondary combustion chamber 6B above the grate 3, and a boiler 9 is provided downstream of the combustion chamber 6. The primary combustion chamber 6A is provided above the grate 3, and the secondary combustion chamber 6B is provided further above the primary combustion chamber 6A. In the primary combustion chamber 6A, the thermal decomposition gas generated from the refuse is combusted, and the thermal decomposition gas in which uncombusted components remain in the primary combustion chamber 6A is sent to the secondary combustion chamber 6B, where the uncombusted components are also combusted by mixing with secondary combustion air. A pipe 14 that connects the forced draft fan 4 and the secondary combustion chamber 6B is connected to the secondary combustion chamber 6B of the combustion chamber 6, and air is supplied to the combustion chamber 6 by opening and closing a valve 14A provided in the pipe 14. The opening degree of the valve 14A is controlled based on a control signal from a control device 20. The valve 14A is sometimes referred to as a secondary combustion air valve. The boiler 9 generates steam by exchanging heat between exhaust gas sent from the combustion chamber 6 and water circulating in the boiler 9. The steam is supplied to a turbine (not shown) for power generation through a pipe 13. A steam flow rate sensor 11 that detects the flow rate of the steam is provided in the pipe 13. The steam flow rate sensor 11 is connected to the control device 20, and the measurement value measured by the steam flow rate sensor 11 is sent to the control device 20.

[0047] A stack 12 is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the boiler 9, and the exhaust gas that has undergone heat recovery in the boiler 9 is discharged to the outside after passing through the stack 12 and an exhaust gas treatment device (not shown).

[0048] An oxygen concentration sensor 15 that detects the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas is provided in the stack 12. The oxygen concentration sensor 15 is connected to the control device 20, and the measurement value measured by the oxygen concentration sensor 15 is sent to the control device 20. A temperature sensor 17A that measures the temperature of the second pass is provided in the second pass of the boiler, and a CO concentration sensor 17B that measures the CO concentration of the exhaust gas and a NOx concentration sensor 17C that detects the NOx concentration of the exhaust gas are provided in the stack 12. These sensors 17A to 17C are each connected to the control device 20, and the measurement values measured by the sensors 17A to 17C are sent to the control device 20. In addition, a flow rate sensor 17D that detects the flow rate of the primary combustion air supplied to the primary combustion chamber 6A through the air boxes 5A to 5E is provided in the pipe 8F, and a flow rate sensor 17E that detects the flow rate of the secondary combustion air supplied to the secondary combustion chamber 6B is provided in the pipe 14. These sensors 17D to 17E are connected to the control device 20, and the measurement values measured by the flow rate sensors 17D to 17E are sent to the control device 20. A temperature sensor 16 that measures the temperature in the combustion chamber 6 is provided in the combustion chamber 6. The temperature sensor 16 is connected to the control device 20, and the measurement value measured by the temperature sensor 16 is sent to the control device 20. These sensors are sensors provided in a general refuse incineration power generation plant.

[0049] The control device 20 includes a data acquisition unit 21, a combustion rate estimation unit 22, a control unit 23, and a storage unit 24.

[0050] The data acquisition unit 21 acquires various data such as measured values measured by the respective sensors 11, 15, 16, 17A to 17D, and an instruction value of a user. For example, the data acquisition unit 21 acquires a measured value of a steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate sensor 11.

[0051] The combustion rate estimation unit 22 calculates a combustion rate of the garbage in the combustion chamber 6 (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as a furnace). As disclosed in Patent Literature 4, among the reasons for a decrease in the heat generation amount of the furnace, there are the following opposite reasons: (a) a case where the garbage to be burned is reduced in the furnace (fuel shortage); and (b) a case where the flame is extinguished due to the garbage supplied (fuel excess). When the heat generation amount decreases, the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate sensor 11 also decreases, and thus the decrease in the steam flow rate is also due to the opposite reasons of (a) and (b). In the past combustion control, sometimes the garbage supply is continuously continued in order to compensate for the fuel shortage of (a), and the reason becomes (b), and the heat generation amount decreases more and more (inverse response). Therefore, in the past mechanical device, if the time when the heat generation amount decreases continues for a certain period of time, an alarm is issued, and the estimation of the reason and the response operation for eliminating the reason, and the like by the operator are performed. In contrast, in the present application, by the combustion rate estimation unit 22, the combustion difficulty of the garbage of the entire furnace, that is, the combustion per unit time occurring in the furnace, in other words, the combustion rate, is estimated in real time based on the "already provided" sensors (in this order, the steam flow rate sensor 11, the temperature sensor 16, and the oxygen concentration sensor 15) of the steam flow rate, the combustion chamber temperature, the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, and the like, and the estimated combustion rate is used for the calculation of the supply amount of the combustion air and the supply amount of the garbage. As described later, in the control of the garbage supply amount of the present application, the garbage supply amount is determined in a manner that the variation in the steam flow rate is suppressed by feedback control. At this time, the setting value of the feedback controller of the command garbage supply amount is adapted to the estimated combustion rate. Specifically, for example, in the case of garbage that is difficult to burn (small combustion rate), (b) is equivalent, and thus the feedback gain is reduced to avoid excess supply. If it is other than this, it is equivalent to (a), and thus the feedback gain is set to a normal value. Thus, the decrease in the heat generation amount of (a) and (b) can be appropriately dealt with.

[0052] To ensure that the estimated combustion rate functions as intended, it is important to estimate the combustion rate of the waste as quickly as possible. As explained using Patent Documents 2 and 3, there are fundamental problems with estimating the calorific value (lower heating value) per unit of waste supplied. Therefore, in this invention, the combustion rate is used as an indicator instead of the lower heating value. The lower heating value is the calorific value per unit mass of supplied waste; in contrast, the combustion rate represents the overall heating of the furnace, regardless of the mass of waste located within the furnace. Furthermore, the combustion rate is not limited to the combustion of waste within the furnace but also includes the combustion of pyrolysis gases. As mentioned above, in the waste incineration equipment 100, the time it takes for waste to be fed in and burned out results in a large accumulation of waste within the furnace. The combustion rate of this accumulation is almost constant for the furnace as a whole but varies over time, resulting in variations in the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow sensor 11. The reasons for these variations in combustion rate are varied: the newly supplied waste contains a high amount of moisture, thus hindering the surrounding combustion; the supply of combustion air is altered due to the collapse of the waste layer, etc. In addition to steam flow, the combustion rate is also reflected in the measured values ​​of the waste incineration equipment 100 (such as the combustion room temperature and oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas). In this invention, the combustion rate inside the furnace is estimated in real time based on the measured values ​​obtained from existing sensors.

[0053] (Estimated order of combustion rate)

[0054] In the waste incineration equipment 100, the combustion rate of the waste is constantly fluctuating, which is unavoidable. Even if a portion of the supplied waste burns instantaneously, most of it accumulates as combustible material on the grate 3 of the furnace, burning sequentially starting from the drier portion. For example, suppose there is a block of dried waste with its surface burning. If the grate 3 operates, causing the waste block to break, and a new surface comes into contact with the combustion air, a new combustion begins there, increasing the overall combustion rate of the furnace. Conversely, if the surface is covered with waste containing a lot of moisture, the temperature drops, or if the supply of combustion air is interrupted, combustion is hindered, decreasing the overall combustion rate of the furnace. Such fluctuations in combustion rate occur continuously in the waste incineration equipment 100. In contrast, for the combustion of pulverized coal, oil, or natural gas, a pair of furnaces burns instantly, so if the supply flow rate is fixed, the combustion rate is also fixed.

[0055] Due to the variation in combustion rate q, the measured value y of the waste incineration equipment 100 also varies. The variation of both can be approximated by a linear formula as formula (2).

[0056] y=c1×q···(2)

[0057] The following explanation assumes that the measured value y is the steam flow rate, combustion chamber temperature, and oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas. These are just examples; they could also be the boiler's second channel temperature, exhaust NOx concentration, exhaust CO concentration, primary combustion air flow rate, secondary combustion air flow rate, etc. In formula (2), c1 is a 3-row, 1-column coefficient vector. c1 represents the measured value y when the combustion rate increases, i.e., the change in steam flow rate, combustion chamber temperature, and exhaust gas oxygen concentration. If the combustion rate increases, the steam flow rate increases, the combustion chamber temperature increases, and the exhaust oxygen concentration decreases. c1 is a coefficient vector that quantifies the increase and decrease.

[0058] Formula (2) assigns the change in measured value y based on the change in combustion rate q, but it cannot directly calculate the combustion rate q. The following describes the method of estimating the combustion rate based on the change in measured value y. First, construct a measured value vector y with measured values ​​such as steam flow rate, combustion chamber temperature, and oxygen concentration of exhaust gas as column elements, and obtain the variance-covariance matrix Q0 as in formula (3). Var(y) represents the variance-covariance matrix of vector y.

[0059] Q0=Var(y)···(3)

[0060] Next, singular value decomposition is performed on the variance-covariance matrix Q0 to obtain the singular vector u of equation (4). i (i = 1, 2, 3) and singular value σ 2 i (i = 1, 2, 3). Following the conventions of singular value decomposition, the singular values ​​are ordered by magnitude. That is, σ 2 1 is the maximum singular value, σ 2 3 is the smallest singular value. The notation T on the right shoulder indicates the transpose of a matrix or vector.

[0061] [Formula 2]

[0062]

[0063] Next, assuming the existence of an unknown external disturbance ρ, the variation of the measured value y is represented by the singular vector u and the unknown external disturbance ρ, as in the following formula (5). The unknown external disturbance ρ includes the variation q of the combustion rate in formula (2) as a component, but the actual situation is unclear. The relationship between the two is explained below. The value of u is determined by performing singular value decomposition on the variance-covariance matrix Q0 of the measured value vector y. Assuming that the measured value vector y varies due to the unknown external disturbance ρ, the measured value vector y is represented by a linear combination of ρ, as in formula (5). The elements of ρ are represented as ρi (i = 1, 2, 3).

[0064] [Formula 3]

[0065]

[0066] Due to the symmetry of the variance-covariance matrix Q0, the singular vector u has the property of formula (6).

[0067] [Formula 4]

[0068]

[0069] Therefore, the value of ρ can be determined directly according to formulas (5) and (6), just like formula (5A).

[0070] [Formula 5]

[0071]

[0072] The variance-covariance matrix of ρ is given by formula (7).

[0073] [Formula 6]

[0074]

[0075] As shown in equation (7), the variance of ρ1, which is the first element of the unknown external disturbance, is the maximum singular value σ1. 2 Therefore, the variation in the measured value vector y is mainly caused by ρ1. This is because, according to the properties of singular values,

[0076] Var(y1) + Var(y2) + Var(y3) = σ1 2 +σ2 2 +σ3 2 μ ···(8)

[0077] It holds true, especially when σ1 2 >>σ2 2 +σ3 2 When, it is approximately represented by the following formula (8A).

[0078] [Formula 7]

[0079]

[0080] Equation (8A) indicates that the variation of the measured value vector y is dominated by ρ1. On the other hand, it is known that the variation of the measured value of the waste incineration equipment 100 is based on the variation of the combustion rate, so it is reasonable to set ρ1 as the estimated value of the combustion rate q. If the part of the calculation concerning ρ1 is taken out from equation (5A), equation (9) is obtained as the estimated formula for the variation of the combustion rate. According to equation (9), the estimated value of the combustion rate q can be quickly calculated based on the measured value y with less calculation.

[0081] [Formula 8]

[0082]

[0083] As mentioned above, in terms of estimating the combustion rate q, the boiler second channel temperature, exhaust CO concentration, exhaust NOx concentration, primary combustion air flow rate, and secondary combustion air flow rate can be used instead of the combustion chamber temperature, exhaust oxygen concentration, and steam flow rate. Alternatively, in addition to the combustion chamber temperature, exhaust oxygen concentration, and steam flow rate, the boiler second channel temperature, exhaust CO concentration, exhaust NOx concentration, primary combustion air flow rate, and secondary combustion air flow rate can also be used.

[0084] The method described above for estimating the combustion rate q is an example, and is not limited to this. For instance, neural networks, deep learning, and other methods can also be used to create estimation models for estimating the combustion rate q.

[0085] The control unit 23 controls the operation of the waste incineration equipment 100. For example, while monitoring the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow sensor 11, it calculates the amount of waste supplied to the combustion chamber 6 and the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion chamber 6, and controls the combustion of waste by adjusting these parameters. Specifically, the control unit 23 supplies the desired amount of combustion air to the combustion chamber 6 by controlling the rotation speed of the blower 4 and the opening degree of valves 8A to 8E and valve 14A, and supplies the desired amount of waste to the combustion chamber 6 by controlling the pusher 10. For example, the amount of waste supplied is calculated based on the deviation between the measured value and the set value of the steam flow rate, and the amount of combustion air supplied is calculated based on the set value of the steam flow rate. In addition, in this invention, the real-time combustion rate q estimated by the combustion rate estimation unit 22 is also considered when calculating the amount of waste supplied and the amount of combustion air supplied (first embodiment to sixth embodiment).

[0086] The storage unit 24 stores the information acquired by the data acquisition unit 21 and the information required for control, such as the steam flow setpoint SV.

[0087] <First Implementation Method>

[0088] use Figure 2 The control of the waste incineration equipment 100 according to the first embodiment will be described.

[0089] (constitute)

[0090] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional configuration of the main parts of the control device in the first embodiment.

[0091] Figure 2The main components of the combustion rate estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23 in the control device 20 are shown. The combustion rate estimation unit 22 estimates the combustion rate q in the sequence described above. The control unit 23 includes a coefficient calculation table 231 and a PI controller 232. The set value SV of the steam flow rate is recorded in the storage unit 24. The waste incineration equipment 100 operates with the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow sensor 11 as the set value SV.

[0092] The control unit 23 adjusts the intensity of the feed control based on the combustion rate q. For example, if a PI controller is used to regulate the amount of waste supplied, the proportional gain value changes with the combustion rate q. Figure 2 As shown in the coefficient calculation table 231, a gain variable coefficient β is preset as a function of the combustion speed q. The control unit 23 obtains the coefficient β corresponding to the combustion speed q based on the combustion speed q and referring to the coefficient calculation table 231. The PI controller 232, for example, inputs the set value (target value) SV of the steam flow rate (t / h) and the measured value PV realized by the steam flow sensor 11, and performs PI calculation (proportional-integral calculation) on the deviation, and outputs the waste supply amount (m³ / h). 3 / h) is used as MV. At this time, the proportional gain K controlled by PI is used as shown in the following formula (10). P The gain can be changed by multiplying it by the gain variable factor β.

[0093] [Formula 9]

[0094]

[0095] As a modification, when the combustion rate q is low, i.e., in the case of poor combustion (as described in (b) above), the waste remains unburned in the furnace, thus eliminating the need for additional waste. Therefore, for example, the proportional gain that increases the waste supply in proportion to the steam flow deviation is set to half of the usual value. When changing the proportional gain of the PI controller 232 during operation, the controller typically uses a speed-type algorithm. Regarding the PI controller 232, in addition to the proportional gain, the integral time constant T... I It is also an adjustment constant. Regarding the integration time constant T... I Similarly, the proportional gain can also be varied with the combustion rate q. The control unit 23 controls the push amount of the pusher 10 based on the MV output of the PI controller 232.

[0096] (action)

[0097] Next, refer to Figure 3 The process of the first implementation method (waste supply control) will be described.

[0098] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the operation of the control device according to the first embodiment.

[0099] The data acquisition unit 21, the combustion rate estimation unit 22, and the control unit 23 perform the following processing at predetermined time intervals.

[0100] The data acquisition unit 21 acquires: the steam flow rate PV measured by the steam flow sensor 11; the O2 concentration measured by the oxygen concentration sensor 15; the temperature of the combustion chamber 6 measured by the temperature sensor 16; the temperature of the boiler second channel measured by the temperature sensor 17A; the CO concentration of the exhaust gas measured by the CO concentration sensor 17B; the NOx concentration of the exhaust gas measured by the NOx concentration sensor 17C; the primary combustion air flow rate measured by the flow sensor 17D; and the secondary combustion air flow rate measured by the flow sensor 17E (step S1), and outputs these values ​​to the combustion rate estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23.

[0101] The combustion rate estimation unit 22 uses a preferred number (or even just one) of the following measured values ​​y: steam flow rate PV, oxygen concentration, combustion chamber temperature, boiler second channel temperature, CO concentration sensor, NOx concentration, primary combustion air flow rate, and secondary combustion air flow rate, to estimate the combustion rate q using formula (9) (step S2). The combustion rate estimation unit 22 outputs the combustion rate q to the control unit 23.

[0102] Next, the control unit 23 calculates the coefficient β based on the combustion speed q and the coefficient calculation table 231. Then, the control unit 23 reads the steam flow rate setpoint SV stored in the storage unit 24, and calculates the waste supply amount MV based on the calculated coefficient β, the steam flow rate setpoint SV, the steam flow rate PV acquired by the data acquisition unit 21, and the formula (10) (step S3). The control unit 23 controls the movement amount (expansion amount) of the pusher 10 in a manner that allows the waste supply amount MV to be supplied into the furnace.

[0103] According to this embodiment, the overall combustion rate of the waste in the incinerator is estimated based on the measured values ​​of sensors installed in the waste incineration equipment 100, such as steam flow rate, combustion chamber temperature, and oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas. The deviation between the setpoint and the measured value of the steam flow rate is then fed back to the setpoint (gain) of the PI controller 232 supplying the waste. This uniformizes the steam flow rate to the turbine, increases power generation, and stabilizes the flow. Furthermore, stabilizing combustion in the combustion chamber 6 helps suppress the emission of NOx, CO, and other pollutants.

[0104] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, (E1) the combustion rate q of the waste is estimated based on the measured values ​​of sensors (sensors reflecting changes in combustion rate) already installed in the waste incineration equipment 100, such as steam flow rate, combustion chamber temperature, and oxygen concentration of exhaust gas, so it is not necessary to add new sensors. (E2) The calorific value, which depends on the amount of waste supplied, is used as the indicator, rather than focusing on specific elements such as the moisture content of the waste, which are the cause of changes in calorific value. Instead, the combustion rate, which is independent of the amount of waste supplied, is used as the indicator. Therefore, the effect is not limited to specific elements; changes in the combustion state due to various factors can be detected and combined with control (the effect is not limited). (E3) If the control indicator is set as the calorific value corresponding to the amount of waste supplied, the estimation of calorific value will be incorrect due to the time difference between waste supply and combustion. However, in this invention, the combustion rate is used as the indicator instead of the calorific value. The calorific value is the calorific value per unit mass of the supplied waste. In contrast, the combustion rate represents the overall heating of the furnace and is independent of the mass of waste located in the furnace. Therefore, the error that occurs when the calorific value is used as the control indicator will not occur. The desired effect is achieved.

[0105] <Second Implementation Method>

[0106] use Figure 4 , Figure 5 The control of the waste incineration equipment 100 according to the second embodiment will be described.

[0107] (constitute)

[0108] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional configuration of the main components of the control device in the second embodiment.

[0109] Figure 4 The main components of the combustion rate estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23A in the control device 20 are shown. The combustion rate estimation unit 22 estimates the combustion rate q according to the above sequence. The control unit 23A includes a primary combustion air valve adjustment calculation table 233 and an adder 234. The storage unit 24 records the set value SV of the steam flow rate and the opening degree of valves 8A to 8E and valve 14A, which are references to the set value SV.

[0110] The second implementation method is primarily effective when combustion within the furnace is excessively active, i.e., when the combustion rate q is high. Combustion air is supplied to the waste incineration unit 100 via a blower 4. A portion of this air, acting as primary combustion air, passes through the air boxes 5A-5E, penetrating from bottom to top through the waste layer stacked above the grate 3, and then flows into the combustion chamber 6. As the primary combustion air penetrates the waste layer, a portion of it is used for combustion within the waste layer. The combustible pyrolysis gases generated within the waste layer due to its heat are transported to the combustion chamber 6 along with the primary combustion air, where they burn. In this way, by supplying primary combustion air, the waste layer functions as a generator of pyrolysis gases. Therefore, restricting the primary combustion air reduces the generation of pyrolysis gases, thereby decreasing the combustion rate within the furnace. The regulation of furnace heat generation achieved by adjusting the primary combustion air is particularly effective when the combustion rate q is high. In such cases, a sufficient amount of waste exists within the furnace, and sometimes even if the waste supply is completely stopped, combustion will be excessive. In this situation, it is necessary to restrict the combustion of the waste present in the furnace. Therefore, restricting the primary combustion air is effective. Conversely, when combustion in the furnace is incomplete, i.e., the combustion rate q is low, increasing the amount of primary combustion air to increase the production of pyrolysis gases is effective. As a result, the supply of pyrolysis gases to the combustion chamber 6 increases, and the combustion rate q increases. The control in the second embodiment functions in this way to suppress fluctuations in the combustion rate q.

[0111] The opening degree of the primary combustion air valve is determined based on a reference value such as the steam flow rate setpoint SV. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the adjustment calculation table 233 for the primary combustion air valve determines the relationship between the combustion speed q and the correction amount Δγ1 relative to the reference value of the primary combustion air valve opening based on the set value SV. The control unit 23 calculates the adjustment amount Δγ1 for the primary combustion air valve opening based on the combustion speed q and the adjustment calculation table 233. The value of the adjustment amount Δγ1 is set to be larger when the combustion speed q is small and smaller when the combustion speed q is large. The control unit 23 uses an adder 244 to add the adjustment amount Δγ1 to the reference value of the primary combustion air valve opening, thereby adjusting the primary combustion air valve opening. The control unit 23 controls valves 8A to 8E based on the adjusted primary combustion air valve opening.

[0112] (action)

[0113] Next, refer to Figure 5 The process of the second embodiment (control of primary combustion air flow) will be described.

[0114] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the operation of the control device in the second embodiment.

[0115] The data acquisition unit 21, the combustion rate estimation unit 22, and the control unit 23A perform the following processing at predetermined time intervals.

[0116] The data acquisition unit 21 acquires the following data: steam flow rate PV, O2 concentration, combustion chamber temperature, boiler second channel temperature, CO concentration, NOx concentration, primary combustion air flow rate, and secondary combustion air flow rate (step S1), and outputs these measured values ​​to the combustion rate estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23A.

[0117] The combustion rate estimation unit 22 uses multiple measured values ​​y from steam flow rate PV, O2 concentration, combustion chamber temperature, boiler second channel temperature, CO concentration sensor, NOx concentration, primary combustion air flow rate, and secondary combustion air flow rate to estimate the combustion rate q using formula (9) (step S2). The combustion rate estimation unit 22 outputs the estimated combustion rate q to the control unit 23A.

[0118] Next, the control unit 23A calculates the adjustment amount Δγ1 of the primary combustion air valve opening based on the combustion speed q and the adjustment amount calculation table 233. Then, the control unit 23A uses adder 234 to perform an addition calculation on the reference value of the primary combustion air valve opening corresponding to the steam flow rate setpoint SV stored in the storage unit 24 and the adjustment amount Δγ1, calculating the primary combustion air valve opening (step S4). The control unit 23A controls the primary combustion air valves by changing the opening of valves 8A to 8E to the adjusted primary combustion air valve opening.

[0119] According to this embodiment, the combustion rate q of the waste is estimated based on the measured values ​​of sensors installed in the waste incineration equipment 100, such as steam flow rate, combustion chamber temperature, and oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas. The primary combustion air flow rate is then adjusted based on the combustion rate q. This suppresses fluctuations in the combustion rate q. Furthermore, as in the first embodiment, effects (E1) to (E3) can be obtained. It should be noted that the second embodiment can be combined with the first embodiment.

[0120] In addition, Figure 4 As an example, the primary combustion air is regulated by adjusting the valve opening. Alternatively, the primary combustion air flow rate can be controlled by a command value. Or, the initial pressure of the primary combustion air (the pressure on the upstream side) can be adjusted.

[0121] <Third Implementation Method>

[0122] use Figure 6 , Figure 7 The control of the waste incineration equipment 100 according to the third embodiment will be described.

[0123] (constitute)

[0124] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional configuration of the main components of the control device in the third embodiment.

[0125] Figure 6 The main components of the combustion rate estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23B in the control device 20 are shown. The combustion rate estimation unit 22 estimates the combustion rate q in the sequence described above. The control unit 23B includes a primary combustion air valve adjustment calculation table 233, an adder 234, a secondary combustion air valve adjustment calculation table 235, and an adder 236. The storage unit 24 records the set value SV of the steam flow rate and the opening degree of valves 8A to 8E and valve 14A, which are references to the set value SV.

[0126] In addition to controlling the opening of the primary combustion air valve as described in the second embodiment, the third embodiment also implements control of the opening of the secondary combustion air valve. Suppose the combustion rate q of the waste is temporarily too high. At this time, the generation of pyrolysis gases in the furnace is temporarily excessive, resulting in a temporary insufficient O2 concentration in the exhaust gas from the waste incineration equipment 100. If the O2 concentration in the exhaust gas is insufficient, the risk of emission of harmful substances such as CO increases. Therefore, in the third embodiment, while adjusting the primary combustion air based on the combustion rate q, the secondary combustion air is also adjusted to compensate for the insufficient O2 concentration. For example, when the combustion rate q is too high, the primary combustion air is reduced to suppress the generation of pyrolysis gases, and the secondary combustion air is increased to burn the excessively generated pyrolysis gases. Conversely, when the combustion rate q is too low, the primary combustion air is increased to promote the generation of pyrolysis gases. The secondary combustion air is excessive relative to the generation of pyrolysis gases, and therefore is reduced. This is also useful for avoiding NOx generation.

[0127] like Figure 6 As shown, the adjustment calculation table 235 for the secondary combustion air valve determines the relationship between the combustion speed q and the correction amount Δγ2 relative to the reference value of the secondary combustion air valve opening. The control unit 23B calculates the adjustment amount Δγ2 of the secondary combustion air valve opening based on the combustion speed q and the adjustment calculation table 235. The value of the adjustment amount Δγ2 is set to be small when the combustion speed q is small and large when the combustion speed q is large. The control unit 23B uses adder 245 to add the adjustment amount Δγ2 to the reference value of the secondary combustion air valve opening, thereby adjusting the secondary combustion air valve opening. The control unit 23B controls valve 14A based on the adjusted secondary combustion air valve opening.

[0128] (action)

[0129] Next, refer to Figure 7The process of the third embodiment (flow control of primary combustion air and secondary combustion air) will be described.

[0130] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the operation of the control device in the third embodiment.

[0131] The data acquisition unit 21, the combustion rate estimation unit 22, and the control unit 23B perform the following processing at predetermined time intervals.

[0132] The data acquisition unit 21 acquires measured values ​​such as steam flow rate PV (step S1) and outputs them to the combustion rate estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23B. Next, the combustion rate estimation unit 22 estimates the combustion rate q (step S2). The combustion rate estimation unit 22 outputs the combustion rate q to the control unit 23B.

[0133] Next, the control unit 23B calculates the adjustment amount Δγ1 of the primary combustion air valve opening based on the combustion speed q and the adjustment amount calculation table 233. Then, the control unit 23B uses the adder 234 to perform an addition calculation on the reference value of the primary combustion air valve opening corresponding to the steam flow rate setpoint SV stored in the storage unit 24 and the adjustment amount Δγ1, calculating the primary combustion air valve opening (step S4). The control unit 23 controls the valves 8A to 8E to change their openings to the adjusted primary combustion air valve openings.

[0134] Furthermore, the control unit 23B calculates the adjustment amount Δγ2 of the secondary combustion air valve opening based on the combustion speed q and the adjustment amount calculation table 235. Next, the control unit 23B uses the adder 236 to perform an addition calculation on the reference value of the secondary combustion air valve opening corresponding to the setpoint SV of the steam flow rate stored in the storage unit 24 and the adjustment amount Δγ2, calculating the secondary combustion air valve opening (step S5). The control unit 23 controls the valve 14A to change to the adjusted secondary combustion air valve opening. The processing order of steps S4 to S5 can be arbitrary; for example, the control unit 23B can perform steps S4 to S5 simultaneously.

[0135] According to this embodiment, the combustion rate q of the waste is estimated based on the measured values ​​of sensors installed in the waste incineration equipment 100, such as steam flow rate, combustion chamber temperature, and oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas. The primary combustion air flow rate and secondary combustion air flow rate are then adjusted based on the combustion rate q. This allows for adjustment of the secondary combustion air according to the amount of pyrolysis gas produced, promoting complete combustion of the pyrolysis gas and suppressing the emission of harmful substances such as CO and NOx. Furthermore, by setting it up the same as in the first embodiment, effects (E1) to (E3) can be obtained. The third embodiment can be combined with the first embodiment.

[0136] <Fourth Implementation Method>

[0137] use Figure 8 The control of the waste incineration power generation equipment 100 according to the fourth embodiment will be described.

[0138] (constitute)

[0139] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional configuration of the main components of the control device in the fourth embodiment.

[0140] Figure 8 The main components of the combustion rate estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23C in the control device 20 are shown. The combustion rate estimation unit 22 estimates the combustion rate q in the sequence described above. The control unit 23C includes a bellows distribution adjustment opening calculation table 237, an adder 238, and a subtractor 239. The storage unit 24 records the opening of valves 8A to 8E as a reference relative to the set value SV of the steam flow rate.

[0141] In the fourth embodiment, to suppress fluctuations in the combustion rate q, considering the combustion tendency of the waste in the combustion chamber 6, the amount of combustion air supplied to the bellows 5A to 5E is differentiated in the opening control of the primary combustion air valve. The waste layer serves as a generator of pyrolysis gases. The generation capacity of pyrolysis gases depends on the position of the bellows 5A to 5E. The waste layer before pyrolysis is thicker in the bellows 5A and 5B, which are closer to the pusher 10, and therefore has a higher generation capacity of pyrolysis gases. On the other hand, as the bellows 5C, 5D, 5E and the waste advance in the grate 3, the proportion of pyrolyzed waste and burnt debris increases, and the generation capacity of pyrolysis gases decreases. Therefore, when the estimated combustion rate q is low, i.e., when the waste is difficult to burn, more primary combustion air is allocated to the bellows 5A, which have a high generation capacity of pyrolysis gases and are closer to the pusher 10. Conversely, when the estimated combustion rate q is high, i.e., when the waste is easily combustible, the allocation of primary combustion air to the bellows 5A, which have a high generation capacity of pyrolysis gases, is reduced to suppress combustion.

[0142] Figure 8 This illustrates the configuration where bellows A and B are classified as having a high capacity for generating pyrolysis gases, while bellows C, D, and E are classified as having a low capacity for generating pyrolysis gases. For example... Figure 8 As shown, Table 237, which calculates the opening degree of the bellows distribution adjustment, determines the combustion rate q and the correction amount Δγ relative to the reference values ​​of the valve opening degrees of bellows 5A-5B and bellows 5C-5E. ABCDE The relationship is as follows. Control unit 23C calculates the adjustment amount Δγ of the valve opening for valves 8A to 8E based on the combustion speed q and the bellows distribution adjustment opening calculation table 237. ABCDE Adjustment amount Δγ ABCDEThe value is set to be larger when the combustion speed q is small and smaller when the combustion speed q is large. Control unit 23C uses adder 238 to adjust the amount Δγ. ABCDE The reference value for the opening degree of valves 8A to 8B is applied. Control unit 23C uses subtractor 239 to adjust the amount Δγ. ABCDE The reference value for the opening degree of valves 8C to 8E is subtracted. The control unit 23B controls valves 8A to 8E based on the adjusted valve opening degree.

[0143] It should be noted that, in Figure 8 In this example, bellows 5A-5B are grouped together, and bellows 5C-5E are grouped together, but this is just one example. Alternatively, bellows 5A-5E can be left ungrouped, and bellows allocation adjustment opening calculation table 237 can be used to adjust the opening of valves 8A-8E separately. The grouping method can also be changed, for example, to bellows 5A-5C and bellows 5D-5E. Furthermore, the number of groups can be set to three, such as bellows 5A-5B, bellows 5C-5D, and bellows 5E.

[0144] (action)

[0145] Referring to the second embodiment Figure 5 The processing flow of the fourth embodiment will be explained.

[0146] The data acquisition unit 21, the combustion rate estimation unit 22, and the control unit 23C perform the following processing at predetermined time intervals.

[0147] The data acquisition unit 21 acquires measured values ​​such as steam flow rate PV (step S1) and outputs them to the combustion rate estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23C. Next, the combustion rate estimation unit 22 estimates the combustion rate q (step S2). The combustion rate estimation unit 22 outputs the combustion rate q to the control unit 23C.

[0148] Next, the control unit 23C calculates the adjustment amount Δγ based on the combustion speed q and the bellows distribution adjustment opening calculation table 237. ABCDE Next, the control unit 23 sets the reference value and adjustment amount Δγ of the valve opening of valves 8A to 8E corresponding to the set value SV of steam flow stored in the storage unit 24. ABCDE Perform addition and subtraction calculations to determine the valve opening degree for primary combustion air (step S4). Figure 8 In the case of this configuration example, the control unit 23 will adjust the opening amount Δγ for valves 8A to 8B. ABCDE The adjustment amount Δγ is added to the reference value. Control unit 23 subtracts the adjustment amount Δγ from the reference value for the opening degree of valves 8C to 8E. ABCDE The control unit 23 controls the valves by changing the opening degree of valves 8A to 8E to the adjusted opening degree of each valve.

[0149] According to the fourth embodiment, the combustion rate q of the waste is estimated based on the measured values ​​of sensors installed in the waste incineration equipment 100, such as steam flow rate, combustion chamber temperature, and oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas. The ratio of the flow rate of primary combustion air distributed to the air box is then adjusted based on the estimated combustion rate q. This allows for high-precision suppression of variations in the combustion rate q. Furthermore, by setting it to be the same as in the first embodiment, effects (E1) to (E3) can be obtained. The fourth embodiment can be combined with the first and third embodiments.

[0150] <Fifth Implementation Method>

[0151] use Figure 9 , Figure 10 The control of the waste incineration power generation equipment 100 according to the fifth embodiment will be described.

[0152] (constitute)

[0153] Figure 9 This diagram illustrates an example of the functional configuration of the main components of the control device according to the fifth embodiment.

[0154] Figure 9 The main components of the combustion rate estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23D in the control device 20 are shown.

[0155] The combustion rate estimation unit 22 estimates the combustion rate q according to the above sequence. The control unit 23D includes a variance calculator 240, an oxygen concentration adjustment calculation table 241, an oxygen concentration controller 242, adders 243-245, and a subtractor 246. The storage unit 24 records the opening degree of valves 8A-8E and valve 14A as a reference relative to the steam flow rate setpoint SV, and the O2 concentration setpoint SV_O2.

[0156] In the third embodiment described above, the secondary combustion air flow rate is adjusted simultaneously with the primary combustion air flow rate based on the combustion rate q of the waste. One reason for adjusting the secondary combustion air is to reduce the CO concentration in combustion chamber 6. For example, when adjusting by reducing the primary combustion air, there is a lack of combustion air in the waste layer, and the CO concentration in the pyrolysis gases increases. Therefore, increasing the secondary combustion air allows CO to be completely burned in combustion chamber 6, thereby reducing the CO concentration. However, when the combustion rate of the waste increases drastically over time, the adjustment of the primary and secondary combustion air may not be timely enough, and CO may be temporarily discharged. Such a rapid increase in combustion rate can be considered to depend on the nature of the supplied waste. It is known empirically that once a rapid increase in combustion rate occurs, it will occur intensively in a short period of time. Therefore, in the fifth embodiment, when a change in combustion rate q occurs, the flow rate of either the secondary or primary combustion air is increased in advance to maintain a high O2 concentration in the exhaust gas, so that even if the combustion rate q increases, insufficient combustion air can be avoided, thereby preventing CO discharge.

[0157] Variance calculator 240 calculates the variance σ of the specified time immediately preceding the combustion rate q estimated by combustion rate estimation unit 22. q 2 .like Figure 9 As shown in Table 241, the calculation of oxygen concentration adjustment determines the variance σ. q 2 and oxygen concentration adjustment amount Δγ SVO2 The relationship. Adjustment amount Δγ SVO2 The value is set as follows: when the variance σ q 2 The value is 0 when it is less than the threshold, and when the variance σ q 2 When the value is above the threshold, the upper limit is set at a specified value, and the variance σ increases accordingly. q 2 The value increases as it increases until it reaches its upper limit. The oxygen concentration controller 242 calculates the adjustment opening of the primary combustion air valve and the secondary combustion air valve based on the deviation between the adjusted O2 concentration setpoint SV_O2 and the measured O2 concentration PV_O2. For example, the oxygen concentration controller 242 calculates the adjustment opening such that the larger the deviation, the greater the adjustment opening of the primary and secondary combustion air valves needs to be.

[0158] (action)

[0159] Reference Figure 10 The processing flow of the fifth embodiment will be described.

[0160] The data acquisition unit 21, the combustion rate estimation unit 22, and the control unit 23D perform the following processing at predetermined time intervals.

[0161] The data acquisition unit 21 acquires measured values ​​such as steam flow rate PV (step S1) and outputs them to the combustion rate estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23D. Next, the combustion rate estimation unit 22 estimates the combustion rate q (step S2). The combustion rate estimation unit 22 outputs the combustion rate q to the control unit 23D.

[0162] Next, the control unit 23D uses the variance calculator 240 to calculate the variance σ of the combustion rate q. q 2 (Step S6). Control unit 23D based on variance σ q 2 The opening degree of the primary combustion air valve and the secondary combustion air valve are calculated based on the magnitude of the O2 concentration (step S7). First, the control unit 23D calculates the opening degree of the primary combustion air valve and the secondary combustion air valve based on the variance σ. q 2 Calculation of O2 concentration adjustment amount Δγ using Table 241. SVO2 Next, adder 243 adjusts the O2 concentration by Δγ. SVO2 The setpoint SV_O2 for O2 concentration is added. Next, subtractor 246 subtracts the measured value PV_O2 from the adjusted SV_O2. Then, oxygen concentration controller 242 calculates the primary combustion air valve adjustment opening and secondary combustion air valve adjustment opening based on the deviation between the adjusted O2 concentration setpoint SV_O2 and the measured O2 concentration PV_O2. Next, control unit 23D uses adder 244 to perform addition calculations on the reference value of the primary combustion air valve opening corresponding to the steam flow setpoint SV and the primary combustion air valve adjustment opening to calculate the primary combustion air valve opening. Furthermore, control unit 23D controls the valves 8A to 8E to change their openings to the calculated openings. Next, control unit 23D uses adder 245 to perform addition calculations on the reference value of the secondary combustion air valve opening corresponding to the steam flow setpoint SV and the secondary combustion air valve adjustment opening to calculate the secondary combustion air valve opening. The control unit 23D controls the valve 14A by changing the valve opening degree to the calculated opening degree.

[0163] According to this embodiment, the combustion rate q of the waste is estimated based on the measured values ​​of sensors installed in the waste incineration equipment 100, such as steam flow rate, combustion chamber temperature, and oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas. Furthermore, the set value of the O2 concentration in the exhaust gas is corrected based on the variance of the combustion rate q, and the primary combustion air flow rate and secondary combustion air flow rate are adjusted according to this set value. This suppresses the emission of CO gas. Moreover, as in the first embodiment, the effects of (E1) to (E3) can be obtained. The fifth embodiment can be combined with the first to fourth embodiments.

[0164] <Sixth Implementation Method>

[0165] Next refer to Figure 11 The control of the waste incineration power generation equipment 100 according to the sixth embodiment will be described.

[0166] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional configuration of the main components of the control device according to the sixth embodiment.

[0167] Figure 11 The main components of the combustion rate estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23E in the control device 20 are shown. The combustion rate estimation unit 22 estimates the combustion rate q in the sequence described above. The control unit 23E includes a combustion rate command unit 247, a combustion rate controller 248, a subtractor 249, a primary combustion air valve adjustment amount calculation table 233, an adder 234, a secondary combustion air valve adjustment amount calculation table 235, and an adder 236. Figure 11 The configuration shown in the example is the configuration when combined with the control unit 23B (adjustment amount calculation table 233 for primary combustion air valve, adder 234, adjustment amount calculation table 235 for secondary combustion air valve, adder 236) of the third embodiment.

[0168] The combustion speed command unit 247 calculates the command value qsv for adjusting the combustion speed q estimated by the combustion speed estimation unit 22 based on the deviation (SV-PV) between the set value SV of the steam flow rate and the measured value PV of the steam flow rate. The command value qsv instructs the combustion speed of the waste to make the measured value PV of the steam flow rate consistent with the set value SV, which is the target value of the steam flow rate. By setting the combustion speed to qsv corresponding to this command value, the steam flow rate PV can be controlled to the target value SV with high precision. For example, the combustion speed command unit 247 has a correspondence table between the deviation (SV-PV) of the steam flow rate and the adjustment amount of the combustion speed q, and calculates the combustion speed command value qsv for adjusting the combustion speed q based on this correspondence table. The combustion speed controller 248 obtains the combustion speed command value qsv and the combustion speed q estimated by the combustion speed estimation unit 22, and, for example, corrects the combustion speed q using the following formula (11), and outputs the corrected combustion speed q. ～ .

[0169] q ～ =q+Kq(qsv-q)···(11)

[0170] Here, Kq is a coefficient with arbitrary values.

[0171] Corrected combustion rate q ～ For example, it can be configured similarly to the third embodiment for adjusting the primary and secondary combustion air. For example, the control unit 23E is based on the corrected combustion speed q. ～ The adjustment amount Δγ1 is calculated based on the adjustment amount calculation table 233 for the primary combustion air valve, and the adjustment amount Δγ2 is calculated based on the corrected combustion speed q and the adjustment amount calculation table 235 for the secondary combustion air valve.

[0172] (action)

[0173] Reference Figure 12 The processing flow of the sixth embodiment will be described.

[0174] The data acquisition unit 21, the combustion rate estimation unit 22, and the control unit 23D perform the following processing at predetermined time intervals.

[0175] The data acquisition unit 21 acquires measured values ​​such as steam flow rate PV (step S1) and outputs them to the combustion rate estimation unit 22 and the control unit 23E. Next, the combustion rate estimation unit 22 estimates the combustion rate q (step S2). The combustion rate estimation unit 22 outputs the combustion rate q to the control unit 23E.

[0176] Next, the control unit 23E corrects the combustion speed q (step S8). Specifically, the control unit 23E uses the subtractor 249 to subtract the measured value PV from the setpoint SV of the steam flow rate. The control unit 23E inputs the deviation (SV-PV) between the setpoint SV and the measured value PV to the combustion speed controller 247. The combustion speed controller 247 calculates the combustion speed command value qsv. The control unit 23E inputs the combustion speed command value qsv and the combustion speed q to the combustion speed controller 248. The combustion speed controller 248 calculates the corrected combustion speed q using formula (11). ～ The control unit 23E uses the corrected combustion rate q. ～ Combustion control of the waste incineration power generation equipment 100 is achieved by calculating the waste supply (first embodiment), the opening degree of the primary combustion air valve, and the opening degree of the secondary combustion air valve (second to fifth embodiments).

[0177] According to this embodiment, the combustion rate q of the waste is estimated based on the measured values ​​of sensors installed in the waste incineration equipment 100, such as steam flow rate, combustion chamber temperature, and oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas. A command value for the combustion rate is then calculated, ensuring that the combustion rate q matches the command value. Therefore, while suppressing fluctuations in the combustion rate q, the steam flow rate PV can be precisely controlled towards the setpoint SV. This sixth embodiment can be combined with the first to fifth embodiments.

[0178] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of the control device in each implementation.

[0179] The computer 900 has a CPU 901, a main storage device 902, an auxiliary storage device 903, an input / output interface 904, and a communication interface 905.

[0180] The aforementioned control device 20 is installed in the computer 900. Furthermore, the aforementioned functions are stored as programs in the auxiliary storage device 903. The CPU 901 reads the program from the auxiliary storage device 903 and extends the program to the main storage device 902, executing the aforementioned processing according to the program. Additionally, the CPU 901 secures a storage area in the main storage device 902 according to the program. Furthermore, the CPU 901 secures a storage area in the auxiliary storage device 903 according to the program for storing data during processing.

[0181] It should be noted that programs for implementing all or part of the functions of the control device 20 can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the program stored in the storage medium can be read into the computer system and executed to perform processing of each functional unit. The term "computer system" here refers to hardware including an operating system (OS), peripheral devices, etc. Furthermore, if the "computer system" utilizes a WWW system, it also includes a homepage providing environment (or display environment). "Computer-readable storage medium" refers to portable media such as CDs, DVDs, and USB drives, as well as storage devices such as hard drives built into the computer system. Alternatively, when the program is distributed to the computer 900 via a communication line, the receiving computer 900 can deploy the program in the main storage device 902 and execute the aforementioned processing. Furthermore, the program can be a program for implementing a portion of the aforementioned functions, or it can be a program that can be implemented in combination with a program that has already stored the aforementioned functions in the computer system.

[0182] As described above, some embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated. All of these embodiments are provided by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These embodiments can be implemented in various other ways, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their variations are included within the scope and spirit of the invention, as well as within the scope of the invention as described in the claims and its equivalents.

[0183] <Postscript>

[0184] The control device 20, waste incineration equipment 100, control method and procedure described in each embodiment can be mastered, for example, in the following manner.

[0185] (1) The control device 20 of the first scheme includes: a data acquisition unit 21, which acquires the measured values ​​measured by the sensors of the waste incineration equipment; a combustion rate estimation unit 22, which uses the measured values ​​to estimate the combustion rate q in the incinerator (combustion chamber 6) of the waste incineration equipment; and a control unit 23, which controls the amount of waste supplied or the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion rate.

[0186] Therefore, by detecting changes in the overall combustion of a waste incinerator in the form of combustion rate, corresponding control can be implemented, thus suppressing fluctuations in combustion rate and achieving stable operation. For example, by supplying a fixed steam flow to the turbine used for power generation, it is possible to contribute to the stabilization and increase of power generation. Furthermore, by stabilizing combustion, the emission of NOx, CO, and other pollutants can be suppressed.

[0187] (2) The control device 20 of the second scheme is the control device 20 of (1). The combustion speed estimation unit multiplies the measured value by the maximum singular vector corresponding to the maximum singular value to estimate the combustion speed (formula (9)). The maximum singular value is obtained by performing singular value decomposition on the variance-covariance matrix of the measured value used for estimating the combustion speed.

[0188] This allows for the calculation of the combustion rate q with a relatively small computational load, thus enabling the estimation of the current combustion rate q immediately after obtaining the measured value.

[0189] (3) The control device 20 of the third scheme is the control device 20 of (1) to (2), wherein the control unit adjusts the gain of the feedback controller based on the combustion speed for a waste supply feedback controller that calculates the deviation between the target value of the steam flow rate output by the waste incineration equipment and the measured value of the steam flow rate.

[0190] By controlling the amount of waste supplied, variations in the combustion rate can be suppressed (first implementation method).

[0191] (4) The control device 20 of the fourth scheme is the control device 20 of (1) to (3). When the combustion speed is less than the specified threshold, the control unit multiplies the value less than 1 by the gain.

[0192] When the combustion rate decreases due to excessive waste supply, the combustion rate can be restored by controlling the waste supply (first embodiment).

[0193] (5) The control device 20 of the fifth scheme is the control device 20 of (1) to (4). The control unit controls the opening of the primary combustion air valve that controls the flow rate of the primary combustion air supplied to the primary combustion chamber according to the magnitude of the combustion speed in the following manner: when the combustion speed is greater than a predetermined threshold, the opening of the primary combustion air valve is made smaller than the reference value; when the combustion speed is less than the predetermined threshold, the opening of the primary combustion air valve is made larger than the reference value. The primary combustion chamber is the space for incinerating waste in the incinerator.

[0194] For example, by reducing the supply of primary combustion air when combustion is vigorous and increasing the supply of primary combustion air when combustion is reduced, the combustion of waste in combustion chamber 6 can be stabilized (second embodiment).

[0195] (6) The control device 20 of the sixth scheme is the control device 20 of (5). When the combustion speed is less than a predetermined threshold, the control unit increases the primary combustion air supplied to the position near the garbage inlet in the primary combustion chamber by more than a predetermined reference value. When the combustion speed is greater than the predetermined threshold, the control unit decreases the primary combustion air supplied to the position near the garbage inlet in the primary combustion chamber by more than a predetermined reference value.

[0196] By adjusting the supply of primary combustion air to each bellows according to the generation capacity of pyrolysis gases, the combustion rate can be stabilized more effectively (fourth embodiment).

[0197] (7) The control device 20 of the seventh scheme is the control device 20 of (1) to (6). The control unit controls the opening of the secondary combustion air valve that controls the flow rate of the combustion air supplied to the secondary combustion chamber according to the magnitude of the combustion speed in the following manner: when the combustion speed is greater than a predetermined threshold, the opening of the secondary combustion air valve is made greater than a reference value; when the combustion speed is less than the predetermined threshold, the opening of the secondary combustion air valve is made smaller than a reference value. The secondary combustion chamber is the space in the incinerator where the combustion gases generated by the incineration of waste are burned.

[0198] It can reduce the risk of emissions of CO, NOx, etc. (Third implementation method).

[0199] (8) The control device 20 of the eighth scheme is the control device 20 of (1) to (7), wherein the control unit increases the flow rate of the combustion air when the variance of the combustion speed is above a predetermined threshold.

[0200] Maintaining a high O2 concentration in the exhaust gas prevents insufficient combustion air even when the combustion rate is increased, thus suppressing CO emissions (fifth implementation method).

[0201] (9) The control device 20 of the ninth scheme is the control device 20 of (1) to (8), wherein the control unit calculates the command value of the combustion speed to compensate for the deviation between the target value of the steam flow output of the waste incineration equipment and the measured value of the steam flow, and corrects the combustion speed estimated by the combustion speed estimation unit based on the command value.

[0202] Therefore, while suppressing variations in combustion rate, it is possible to more accurately achieve the control objective of using the steam flow rate output by the waste incineration equipment as the target value.

[0203] (10) The waste incineration equipment of the tenth embodiment includes: an incinerator (combustion chamber 6) for incinerating waste; a waste feeding device (pusher 10) for supplying waste to the incinerator; a blower 4 for supplying combustion air to the incinerator; combustion air valves (8A to 8E, 14E) for controlling the flow rate of combustion air supplied from the blower to the incinerator for incinerating waste in the incinerator; and control devices described in (1) to (9).

[0204] (11) The control method of the eleventh scheme includes: the step of acquiring the measured value measured by the sensor of the waste incineration equipment; the step of using the measured value to estimate the combustion rate in the incinerator of the waste incineration equipment; and the step of controlling the amount of waste supplied or the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion rate.

[0205] (12) The procedure of the twelfth scheme causes the computer to perform: the step of acquiring the measured values ​​of the sensors of the waste incineration equipment; the step of using the measured values ​​to estimate the combustion rate in the incinerator of the waste incineration equipment; and the step of controlling the amount of waste supplied or the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion rate.

[0206] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0207] 100: Waste incineration equipment;

[0208] 1: Hopper;

[0209] 2: Slide groove;

[0210] 3: Grate;

[0211] 3A: Dry area;

[0212] 3B: Combustion zone;

[0213] 3C: Afterburner zone;

[0214] 4: Blower;

[0215] 5A~5E: Bellows;

[0216] 6: Combustion chamber;

[0217] 6A: Primary combustion chamber;

[0218] 6B: Secondary combustion chamber;

[0219] 7: Gray export;

[0220] 8A~8E, 4A: Valves;

[0221] 9: Boiler;

[0222] 10: Push device;

[0223] 11: Steam flow sensor;

[0224] 12: Flue;

[0225] 13, 14: Pipelines;

[0226] 15: Oxygen concentration sensor;

[0227] 16, 17A: Temperature sensor;

[0228] 17B: CO concentration sensor;

[0229] 17C: NOx concentration sensor;

[0230] 17D: Flow sensor;

[0231] 17E: Flow sensor;

[0232] 20: Control device;

[0233] 21: Data Acquisition Department;

[0234] 22: Combustion rate estimation section;

[0235] 23, 23A, 23B, 23C, 23D, 23E: Control unit;

[0236] 24: Storage Department;

[0237] 900: Computer;

[0238] 901: CPU;

[0239] 902: Main storage device;

[0240] 903: Auxiliary storage device;

[0241] 904: Input / output interface;

[0242] 905: Communication interface.

Claims

1. A control device comprising: a data acquisition unit that acquires a measured value measured by a sensor provided in a waste incineration plant; a combustion speed estimation unit that estimates a combustion speed in an incinerator of the waste incineration plant using the measured value; and a control unit that controls a supply amount of waste or a flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator on the basis of the combustion speed, wherein the combustion speed estimation unit calculates a measured value vector including the measured value as an element and a variance-covariance matrix of measured value vectors, and calculates singular values and singular vectors by singular value decomposition of the variance-covariance matrix, and the combustion speed estimation unit uses, as an estimated value of the combustion speed, a value of external disturbance obtained by multiplying a measured value vector acquired by the acquisition unit by a transpose of a maximum singular vector using a maximum singular value calculated by the singular value decomposition, through an equation representing a relationship among the measured value vector, the singular vectors, and external disturbance generated by combustion in the incinerator.

2. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit adjusts a size of a gain of a feedback controller that calculates a supply amount of waste compensating for a deviation of a target value of a steam flow rate output from the waste incineration plant from the measured value of the steam flow rate, on the basis of the combustion speed.

3. The control device according to claim 2, wherein the control unit multiplies the gain by a value smaller than 1 when the combustion speed is smaller than a prescribed threshold value.

4. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls an opening degree of a primary combustion air valve that controls a flow rate of primary combustion air supplied to a primary combustion chamber in accordance with a size of the combustion speed in such a manner that the opening degree of the primary combustion air valve is made smaller than a reference value when the combustion speed is larger than a prescribed threshold value, and the opening degree of the primary combustion air valve is made larger than the reference value when the combustion speed is smaller than the prescribed threshold value, the primary combustion chamber being a space in which waste is incinerated in the incinerator.

5. The control device according to claim 2, wherein the control unit controls an opening degree of a primary combustion air valve that controls a flow rate of primary combustion air supplied to a primary combustion chamber in accordance with a size of the combustion speed in such a manner that the opening degree of the primary combustion air valve is made smaller than a reference value when the combustion speed is larger than a prescribed threshold value, and the opening degree of the primary combustion air valve is made larger than the reference value when the combustion speed is smaller than the prescribed threshold value, the primary combustion chamber being a space in which waste is incinerated in the incinerator.

6. The control device according to claim 3, wherein ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ The control section controls the opening degree of a primary combustion air valve that controls the flow rate of primary combustion air supplied to the primary combustion chamber, according to the magnitude of the combustion speed, in such a manner that the opening degree of the primary combustion air valve is made smaller than a reference value when the combustion speed is greater than a prescribed threshold value, and the opening degree of the primary combustion air valve is made greater than the reference value when the combustion speed is smaller than the prescribed threshold value, wherein the primary combustion chamber is a space in which garbage is incinerated in the incinerator.

7. The control device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein In a case where the combustion speed is smaller than the prescribed threshold value, the control section increases the primary combustion air supplied to a position close to a garbage drop inlet in the primary combustion chamber, relative to a prescribed reference value, and in a case where the combustion speed is greater than the prescribed threshold value, the control section decreases the primary combustion air supplied to a position close to a garbage drop inlet in the primary combustion chamber, relative to a prescribed reference value.

8. The control device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein The control section controls the opening degree of a secondary combustion air valve that controls the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the secondary combustion chamber, according to the magnitude of the combustion speed, in such a manner that the opening degree of the secondary combustion air valve is made greater than a reference value when the combustion speed is greater than a prescribed threshold value, and the opening degree of the secondary combustion air valve is made smaller than the reference value when the combustion speed is smaller than the prescribed threshold value, wherein the secondary combustion chamber is a space in which combustion gas generated by incineration of garbage is combusted in the incinerator.

9. The control device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein The control section increases the flow rate of combustion air in a case where the variance of the combustion speed is equal to or greater than a prescribed threshold value.

10. The control device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein The control section calculates a command value of the combustion speed that compensates for a deviation between a target value of a steam flow rate output by a garbage incineration plant and the measured value of the steam flow rate, and corrects the combustion speed estimated by the combustion speed estimation section on the basis of the command value.

11. A garbage incineration plant, comprising: an incinerator that incinerates garbage; a garbage feeding device that supplies garbage to the incinerator; a blower that supplies combustion air to the incinerator; a combustion air valve that controls the flow rate of combustion air supplied from the blower to the incinerator; and the control device according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. A control method, comprising: a step of acquiring a measured value measured by a sensor provided in a garbage incineration plant; The step of estimating the combustion speed in the incinerator of the waste incineration plant using the measured values, calculating a measured value vector and a variance-covariance matrix of measured value vectors using the measured values as elements, and performing singular value decomposition on the variance-covariance matrix to calculate singular values and singular vectors, using a value of external disturbance obtained by multiplying the measured value vector by a transpose of a maximum singular vector of a maximum singular value calculated by the singular value decomposition using an equation representing a relationship among the measured value vector, the singular vectors, and external disturbance generated by combustion in the incinerator as the estimated value of the combustion speed; and The step of controlling the amount of supplied waste or the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion speed.

13. A computer-readable storage medium storing a program that causes a computer to execute: a step of acquiring measured values measured by sensors provided in a waste incineration plant; a step of estimating a combustion speed in an incinerator of the waste incineration plant using the measured values, calculating a measured value vector and a variance-covariance matrix of measured value vectors using the measured values as elements, and performing singular value decomposition on the variance-covariance matrix to calculate singular values and singular vectors, using a value of external disturbance obtained by multiplying the measured value vector by a transpose of a maximum singular vector of a maximum singular value calculated by the singular value decomposition using an equation representing a relationship among the measured value vector, the singular vectors, and external disturbance generated by combustion in the incinerator as the estimated value of the combustion speed; and a step of controlling the amount of supplied waste or the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the incinerator based on the combustion speed.

Images