Plasticizing units, injection molding machines and extrusion equipment

Abstract

This invention relates to a plasticizing unit having a cylinder and a screw rotatably supported within the cylinder. The screw has a screw section configured as a shearing section, in which the screw has a blocking screw ridge spirally surrounding a screw core and a main thread surrounded by the blocking screw ridge. In the main thread, a shearing screw ridge having a height less than the blocking screw ridge extends parallel to the blocking screw ridge. This results in two parallel threads spaced apart from each other by the shearing screw ridge, the threads being configured as wavy threads. Each wavy thread has one or more crests having surfaces configured as platforms and forming crest shear surfaces, the crest shear surfaces being at the same height as the surfaces of the shearing screw ridges in this region. The segments of the shearing screw ridge surfaces in the region of the crest shear surfaces constitute shearing screw ridge shear surfaces. The crest shear surfaces and the shearing screw ridge shear surfaces together form a total shear surface. A defined total shear surface forms a shear gap with the inner wall of the cylinder according to a shear gap size specified for this total shear surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a plasticizing unit for processing a mixture of plastic material and filler material, particularly fibrous material, the plasticizing unit comprising a cylinder and a screw, wherein the screw melts the plastic material and mixes it with the filler material, particularly fibrous material, to form a melt that can be supplied to other applications, such as injection molding or extrusion processes. Background Technology

[0002] Screws with a wavy geometry, or so-called energy transfer geometry, are known from the prior art. Such screws are also called wavy screws or energy transfer screws. Wavy screws are known, for example, from patent documents US 4,285,600 and US 4,356,140. Energy transfer screws are disclosed in DE 10 2012 008 023 B4. These screws are used to process plastic materials in a single-screw extruder, that is, only the screw is driven to rotate. The wavy geometry is primarily used to gently and quickly melt the supplied plastic material. Similarly, the wavy geometry also achieves better mixing results compared to standard screws. In the aforementioned wavy and energy transfer screws, a lowered blocking screw ridge is provided between the two threads to transfer the plastic melt from one thread to the other, that is, to achieve melt flow distribution.

[0003] Injection molding machines used for processing plastic materials mixed with fibers are known, for example, by EP 3098052 B1 and US 2018 / 0022003 A1. These injection molding machines use a screw that is driven by rotation and linearity. This type of screw is also known as a reciprocating screw.

[0004] In the screw known from EP3098052 B1, there is a first section in which the supplied plastic material is melted. A second section is connected to the outlet side, and fibrous material is supplied at the beginning of the second section. A blocking screw rib is provided in this section, which forms a greater distance from the inner wall of the cylinder compared to the blocking screw rib defining the thread. This may cause the molten plastic material to flow back from the thread downstream of the blocking screw rib to the thread upstream of the blocking screw rib. EP3098052 B1 discloses different embodiments of the blocking screw rib.

[0005] US 2018 / 0022003 A1 discloses a plasticizing unit for processing plastic-fiber mixtures, wherein the plastic material and fiber material are introduced together into a cylinder through a funnel. The screw of the plasticizing unit also has blocking screw edges. Additionally, a transition section is provided at one location to subject the plastic-fiber mixture to strong compression.

[0006] WO 2019 / 076561 A1 discloses the processing of a plastic melt loaded with fibers using a screw having a shearing portion at the front end of the screw. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a plasticizing unit of the type described above, which can provide a plastic material together with a filler material, particularly a fibrous material, therein, wherein the filler material or fibrous material is distributed as uniformly as possible in the melt at the front end of the screw viewed along the conveying direction of the melt and thus at the outlet of the plasticizing unit.

[0008] The objective is achieved by a plasticizing unit for a plastic processing machine, the plasticizing unit comprising a cylinder and a screw rotatably supported in the cylinder, the screw having a screw section configured as a shearing section, wherein the screw has a blocking screw rib spirally surrounding a screw core and a main thread surrounded by the blocking screw rib, a shearing screw rib provided in the main thread, the shearing screw rib having at least segmented heights less than the blocking screw rib and the surfaces of the shearing screw rib forming shearing surfaces in these segments, two parallel extending corrugated threads provided in the main thread and spaced apart from each other by the shearing screw rib, each corrugated thread having a thread bottom extending corrugatedly along the melt conveying direction, the crest of one corrugated thread being staggered from the crest of the other corrugated thread when viewed along the melt conveying direction, and one or more corrugated threads having a configuration of flat The wave crests of the wave shear surface are formed on the surface of the platform, and the length of the wave crest shear surface observed along the melt conveying direction is longer than that of the blocking screw edge, and / or the width of the shear screw edge is at least segmentally wider than that of the blocking screw edge. One or more wave crest shear surfaces are located at the same height as the surface of the shear screw edge. The segments of the surface of the shear screw edge located in the region of the wave crest shear surface constitute the corresponding shear screw edge shear surface. A wave crest shear surface and a corresponding shear screw edge shear surface together form a total shear surface, and a defined total shear surface and the inner wall of the cylinder form a shear surface shear gap according to a pre-defined shear gap size Δn (n = 1, 2, 3...) for the total shear surface. There are multiple total shear surfaces in the two corrugated threads and the shear gap size Δn (n = 1, 2, 3...) decreases along the melt conveying direction.

[0009] The solution according to the present invention is based on the following concept.

[0010] To ensure a uniform distribution of filler material in the melt at the downstream (front) end of the screw, it is necessary to minimize the material-related shear rate of all filler material clumps composed of individual filler particles for mixing by fracturing (dispersion) and to minimize the shear time in the shear zone for mixing by distribution (distribution). This also minimizes the shear deformation, which is the product of shear rate and shear time.

[0011] Unlike the present invention, the previously described corrugated screw cannot guarantee a minimum shear deformation for every agglomerate because compressive and shear stresses are primarily generated at the crests or tips of the corrugations. In the previously described energy transfer screw, the melt additionally escapes into the adjacent corrugated threads through narrower shear streaks, along with the resulting very short shear time. The shear deformation applied to the agglomerates is thus kept small. This may result in undispersed particles or filler material agglomerates remaining at the screw ends.

[0012] For filler materials with a significantly larger spatial extension dimension in one spatial direction compared to other spatial directions, an additional problem arises: in most cases, uniform distribution of the filler material can only be achieved when it flows transversely to the flow direction over the crests of the corrugated helix. This is because elongated filler materials typically possess very good mechanical properties along their longitudinal direction. If such filler material flows longitudinally, that is, parallel to the flow direction of the melt, over wave-hügels or other flow-blocking structures, it is not affected, or is only minimally affected, by the shear stress acting on it.

[0013] Therefore, according to a core concept of the invention, a plastic unit with a screw having a varied wavy geometry should be provided to address the aforementioned concerns. The modified wavy geometry according to the invention should ensure that any clumps of filler particles always experience a minimum shear deformation t, independent of the flow path of the filler material, and that the clumps of particles do not suffer mechanical damage. If the particles are, for example, single fibers, this means that the fibers will not suffer significant damage along their length, i.e., shortening.

[0014] Based on the foregoing considerations, a plasticizing unit for a plastic processing machine, particularly for an injection molding machine or extrusion equipment, is proposed. This plasticizing unit has a cylinder and a screw rotatably supported within the cylinder. According to the invention, the screw has a screw section configured as a shearing section. In the shearing section configured according to the invention, the screw has a blocking screw rib spirally surrounding a screw core and a main thread surrounded by the blocking screw rib. Shearing screw ribs, preferably extending parallel to the blocking screw ribs, are provided in the main thread. These shearing screw ribs have a height at least partially smaller than that of the blocking screw ribs. The surfaces of the shearing screw ribs in these sections form shearing surfaces. Thus, two parallel, corrugated threads are formed in the main thread, spaced apart by the shearing screw ribs. Each corrugated thread has a thread base extending wavyly along the melt delivery direction, and the crest of one corrugated thread is staggered from the crests of other corrugated threads when viewed along the melt delivery direction. Each corrugated thread has one or more crests with surfaces configured as platforms that form crest shear surfaces. In particular, the length L of the wave crest shear surface observed along the melt conveying direction is compared to the width of the blocking screw edge. W The shearing ribs are constructed to be relatively long, and / or, in particular, compared to the width of the blocking ribs, the width of the shearing ribs is constructed to be at least wider in sections, and preferably wider in the sections of the shearing ribs that form the shearing surface of the shearing ribs.

[0015] The plateau-like structure of the corrugated shear surface means that the surface of the corrugated thread has a constant radius about the longitudinal axis of the screw within the region of the corrugated shear surface. This region of the corrugated shear surface has a length L when viewed along the melt delivery direction. W This means that the surface of the corrugated thread is at this length L W The screw has a constant radius about its longitudinal axis. In the unfolded diagram, the wave crest shear surface forms a plane. This plane, viewed along the melt conveying direction, has a length L equal to the wave crest shear surface. W The length of this plane. The width of this plane is equivalent to the width of the corrugated thread.

[0016] The shear surface of the wave crest can be constructed as a rectangle or a parallelogram. In both cases, a constant length L of the shear surface of the wave crest is obtained over the entire width of the corrugated thread when viewed transversely to the melt conveying direction. W In other words, this means the following: Parallel to the shear screw edge and along the path from the shear screw edge to the blocking screw edge (or vice versa), the length L... W The length remains constant. This length corresponds to the side length of the rectangle or parallelogram on the side adjacent to the shear screw. The same applies to the side of the rectangle or parallelogram adjacent to the blocking screw.

[0017] However, the wave crest shear surface can also have other shapes. For example, the wave crest shear surface can be constructed as a trapezoid or other polygons. In these cases, the length L W Defined as the minimum elongation dimension L of the wave crest shear surface observed along the melt conveying direction, this design min In other words, this means the following: There exists a line in the wave crest shear plane parallel to the shear screw edge or the blocking screw edge, said line having the minimum length L mentioned above. min This length L min The length L of the line that forms the wave crest shear surface is thus constructed. W The benchmark. This means that the length L min The length L of the wave crest shear surface designed in this way is considered to be W .

[0018] According to the first embodiment, the length L of the wave crest shear surface observed along the melt conveying direction relative to the screw diameter D can be set. W It has a dimension of at least 0.15 × D, preferably greater than or equal to 0.20 × D, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 0.30 × D. Additionally or alternatively, the width of the shearing screw ridge can be configured to have a dimension of at least 0.15 × D, preferably greater than or equal to 0.20 × D, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 0.30 × D, at least in sections. The width of the shearing screw ridge is preferably configured on the surface of the shearing screw ridge to form a shearing surface (SF). S The segment has the dimensions described.

[0019] The surface of the shearing screw edge forms a shearing gap with the inner wall of the cylinder, and the surface of the wave crest shearing surface forms a wave crest shearing gap with the inner wall of the cylinder. According to one design of the present invention, the size of the shearing gap of the shearing screw edge can have a value between 0.1 mm and 1.2 mm at least in the region of the shearing surface of the shearing screw edge and / or the wave crest shearing gap can have a value between 0.1 mm and 1.2 mm.

[0020] According to another design scheme, the size of the shearing gap of the shearing screw can be set to have a value between 0.2 mm and 2.0 mm, preferably between 0.3 mm and 0.9 mm, and particularly preferably between 0.4 mm and 0.8 mm, at least within the area of ​​the shearing surface (SFS) of the shearing screw, and / or the size of the crest shearing gap can have a value between 0.2 mm and 2.0 mm, preferably between 0.3 mm and 0.9 mm, and particularly preferably between 0.4 mm and 0.8 mm.

[0021] Depending on the value of which shear gap (shear screw shear gap / wave crest shear gap) has, different case configurations can exist. Thus, one or more wave crest shear surfaces can be located at the same height as the shear screw surface, at least within the region of the shear screw shear surface, and / or one or more wave crest shear surfaces can be below the shear screw surface, at least within the region of the shear screw shear surface, and / or one or more wave crest shear surfaces can be above the shear screw surface, at least within the region of the shear screw shear surface.

[0022] Alternatively, the surface of the shear screw edge can be configured to have a certain profile when viewed along the melt delivery direction; that is, it is not continuously of the same height or continuously flat, but constructed with a positive or negative slope. The profile can be particularly stepped or wavy. The profile is preferably designed such that the surface of the shear screw edge is lower in the crest region compared to other regions, and the surface of the shear screw edge is preferably located at the same height as the surface of the blocking screw edge in the trough region. This allows the melt to be distributed primarily only in the crest region, and the melt flows across the shear screw edge into the adjacent wavy thread in this region. In the remaining regions, flow across the shear screw edge is prevented. In particular, when the surface of the shear screw edge and the surface of the blocking screw edge are at the same height, flow across into the adjacent wavy thread is avoided.

[0023] Furthermore, the dimensions of the shearing gap at the shearing screw and / or the shearing gap at the crest can decrease along the melt conveying direction. Here, the maximum dimension of one of the aforementioned shearing gaps is in the range of 1 mm to 2 mm, preferably in the range of 1.2 mm to 1.6 mm. This maximum dimension, when viewed along the melt conveying direction, exists at the beginning of the shearing section according to the invention. The minimum dimension of one of the aforementioned shearing gaps can be in the range of 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm, preferably in the range of 0.3 mm to 0.4 mm. This minimum dimension, when viewed along the melt conveying direction, exists at the end of the shearing section according to the invention.

[0024] It can be set that the wave crest shear surface is located at the same height as the surface of the shear screw ridge in this region. The segment of the shear screw ridge surface located in the region of the wave crest shear surface constitutes the corresponding shear screw ridge shear surface. The surface of the shear screw ridge in this region has the same constant radius as the wave crest shear surface relative to the longitudinal axis of the screw. A wave crest shear surface and a corresponding shear screw ridge shear surface together form a total shear surface. A defined total shear surface and the inner wall of the cylinder form a shear surface shear gap according to a pre-defined shear gap size for this total shear surface. As a result, the total shear surface is constructed as a platform. This means that the surface of the corrugated thread and the surface of the shear screw ridge are at the same height as the surface of the wave crest shear surface at a distance L. WThe screw has the same radius relative to its longitudinal axis. In the unfolded view, the total shear plane forms a plane with a constant radius relative to the screw's longitudinal axis. This plane, viewed along the melt's conveying direction, has a length L equal to the crest shear plane. W The length of this plane. The width of this plane is equivalent to the sum of the width of the corrugated thread and the width of the sheared screw ridge. The sheared screw ridge shear face can be constructed in particular as a rectangle, and the corrugated crest shear face can be constructed as a parallelogram, or vice versa.

[0025] The aforementioned platform forms a curved surface with a radius corresponding to the radius of the thread bottom of the relevant corrugated thread in this region. This surface has a length L along the melt delivery direction. W And the width corresponding to the thread width of the wavy thread. The surface is preferably formed with a length L. W The surface is rectangular in shape and corresponds to the width of the corrugated thread. However, the surface can also have other shapes in the top view; for example, the surface can be constructed as a parallelogram. The platform described above is located at the same height as the surface of the shear screw ridge over a defined length. Thus, the corrugated shear surface connects to the surface of the shear screw ridge over a defined length, and the two shear surfaces are located at the same height. In other words, the corrugated shear surface and the shear screw ridge shear surface are located in a curved surface with a common radius and collectively form a common total shear surface. Finally, and only importantly, the corrugated shear surface has an appropriate size, which can cooperate with the shear screw ridge shear surface of an appropriate size. Here, the plane of the corrugation can connect to the surface of the shear screw ridge over a defined length. In the case of a rectangular plane, this corresponds to the length L described above. W In the case of a parallelogram, the side of the parallelogram adjacent to the shear screw edge can have this length L. W .

[0026] The length of the shearing section depends on the application. For example, it's important whether the screw is used as a reciprocating screw in an injection molding machine or as a screw in a single-screw extruder. Furthermore, it's important to consider which materials will be processed using the screw. Therefore, the entire screw can be configured with one shearing section or with only a single screw section configured as a shearing section.

[0027] A preferred application of this invention is in processing filler materials whose spatial extension dimension along a single spatial direction is significantly larger than that along other spatial directions. Such filler materials can also be referred to as elongated filler materials. In particular, fibrous materials, such as fiber pellets, can be considered as elongated filler materials. In such pellets, the fibrous material is present in fiber bundles that are dispersible and that the fiber bundles should undergo reorientation in the melt.

[0028] The shearing section designed according to the present invention ensures that any agglomeration of particles always undergoes minimum shear rate and shear time (shear deformation) regardless of the flow path, without causing severe mechanical damage to individual particles. This also results in minimal mechanical damage to filler materials, particularly fibrous materials, processed in the plasticizing unit and mixed with plastic materials.

[0029] Unlike the previously described corrugated screw, the present invention features a platform at the crest, thereby reducing the shear rate applied to the filler particles, particularly the fibrous material, and extending the shearing time. The input of shear deformation into the filler or fibrous material is therefore not primarily dependent on the maximum shear rate. This achieves a particularly gentle, dispersed mixing process. Since the shear screw ridges also form shear surfaces, the shear energy input to the particles escaping across the shear screw ridges into the reverse corrugated thread remains at the same level as the particles flowing through the platform at the crest.

[0030] Depending on the width of the blocking screw ridge, the shearing screw ridge can be significantly larger than the width of the blocking screw ridge. In particular, the width of the shearing screw ridge can be many times that of the blocking screw ridge, preferably 2 to 5 times the width of the blocking screw ridge.

[0031] An additional aspect involves the filler material, which has a significantly larger spatial extension dimension along one spatial direction compared to other spatial directions. This is often a fibrous material having fiber bundles. However, other materials can also be used, such as needle-like mineral fillers or flake-like pigments. For the fiber bundles or clumps to disperse, the orientation of the fibers is crucial within the region of the shear plane and thus within the shear gap formed between the shear plane and the cylinder. Experiments have shown that clumps of fibers with an orientation transverse to the flow direction of the melt exhibit better dispersion when flowing through the shear gap compared to clumps with fibers flowing parallel to the flow direction. The additional shear plane on the shear stud ensures that the melt, on the one hand, has the possibility of escaping into the reverse corrugated thread and undergoing reorientation through the flow mechanism, and on the other hand, the melt can continue to flow over the plateau constituting the shear plane of the crest. Furthermore, by utilizing the design according to the invention, which has two shear planes—one crest shear plane and one shear screw shear plane—suffices to ensure that, when the fiber bundle flows across a shear plane or through a shear gap, there are sufficient fiber bundles oriented transversely to the corresponding flow direction of the melt. Ideally, approximately half such clumps should exist on each crest, in which the fibers are oriented transversely to the flow direction of the melt portion flowing across the crest shear plane, so that the fibers flow through the crest shear gap in this orientation. The foregoing description similarly applies to the melt portion flowing along the direction of the adjacent corrugated thread via the shear screw shear plane through the shear screw shear gap adjacent to this crest. This means that, ideally, half such clumps also exist in this melt portion, in which the fibers are oriented transversely to the flow direction of this melt portion.

[0032] According to one design of the present invention, the shearing screw ridge can have a width significantly larger than that of the blocking screw ridge. In particular, the width of the shearing screw ridge can be many times that of the blocking screw ridge, preferably 2 to 5 times the width of the blocking screw ridge.

[0033] According to an advantageous design, multiple total shear surfaces exist in the two corrugated threads, and the shear gap dimension Δn (n = 1, 2, 3…) decreases or diminishes along the melt delivery direction. This measure allows for increased shear strength along the screw length. Together with multiple fiber flow distributions, this ensures that clumps of fibers still in the flow direction on the shear surfaces disperse on subsequent shear surfaces after the melt flow is redirected, as the fibers are now oriented transversely to the flow direction.

[0034] According to a favorable design scheme, within the region of the total shear surface (SFn), the width of the shear stud on its surface can be less than or equal to the length L of the crest shear surface observed along the melt conveying direction. W The width described here preferably has an L in the length. W The lower extreme value is between 50% and 60%, and the upper extreme value is between 80% and 90% of the stated length. This allows a defined minimum amount of fiber material to flow across the shear plane of the shear screw. Furthermore, better dispersion of the fiber bundle is achieved due to the transverse orientation of the fibers in the fiber bundle to the flow direction as the flow crosses the shear plane.

[0035] The preferred peak shear surface should be set as follows, and the length L of the peak shear surface should be... W The design should be such that the shear crests of one corrugated thread and the shear crests of another corrugated thread are spaced apart when viewed along the melt delivery direction, preferably with the shear crest of one corrugated thread corresponding to the trough of the other corrugated thread. This design has a beneficial effect on the multiple distribution of the melt flow.

[0036] According to an improved scheme, a wave crest observed along the melt conveying direction has a shear plane located at the crest (SF). W The rising lateral surface and the shear plane at the crest (SF) before the rise. W The rising side forms a first angle (α) with the surface of the shear screw, and the falling side forms a second angle (β) with the surface of the shear screw, with the first angle (α) being smaller than the second angle (β). Thus, when viewed along the melt flow direction, a relatively gently rising side is formed before the plateau of the wave crest, and a relatively sharply falling side is formed after this plateau. This provides the advantage that the expansion characteristics of the melt can be observed through viscoelastic melt-impact unloading. The melt deforms through extrusion with a shear gap. At the shear gap outlet, the stress applied by the shear gap disappears, and the polymer molecules return to a thermodynamically more favorable undisturbed coil shape. The melt expands accordingly perpendicular to the flow direction. Unloosened solid particles in the melt are subjected to a force oriented perpendicular to the flow direction, which causes the solid particles in the melt to loosen.

[0037] According to one embodiment of the invention, the cylinder body can be configured with a screw having a shearing section to form a first cylinder body with a first screw, and a second cylinder body with a second screw is attached to the first cylinder body. The attached second cylinder body has an outlet at its front end, the outlet being in fluid communication with an inlet in the rear region of the first cylinder body. The second cylinder body is configured to generate molten plastic material (P), which can be transferred from the second cylinder body to the first cylinder body. The first cylinder body is provided with an inlet for adding filler material, preferably fibrous material (F), preferably for fiber pelletizing. On the first cylinder body, the inlet for plastic material (P) and the inlet for filler material or fibrous material (F) are positioned upstream of the shearing section (B) when viewed along the melt conveying direction.

[0038] The plasticizing unit according to the invention can be used in an injection molding machine. Such an injection molding machine includes a mold clamping unit and a plasticizing and injection unit, the plasticizing and injection unit having the plasticizing unit according to the invention, and the screw being operatively connected to a rotary drive and a linear drive. The plasticizing unit according to the invention can also be used in an extrusion apparatus. Such an extrusion apparatus includes a plasticizing unit, the cylinder being positioned downstream of the extrusion tool and, if necessary, other equipment components of the extrusion apparatus, arranged according to the extruded product to be manufactured, viewed along the melt delivery direction. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The following should be based on the embodiments and references. Figures 1 to 11 The present invention will be described in detail below. Wherein:

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the plasticizing unit is shown;

[0041] Figure 2 Show Figure 1 A partial view of the shearing section B of the screw;

[0042] Figure 3 Show Figure 1 A perspective view of an unfolded section of the shearing section B of the screw;

[0043] Figure 4 Show Figure 3 Section VV in the middle;

[0044] Figure 5 Show Figure 3 Section XX in the middle;

[0045] Figure 6 Show Figure 3 The cross section YY in the middle;

[0046] Figure 7 Show Figure 3 Section ZZ in the middle;

[0047] Figure 8 The dimensional trend of the shear gap SP is shown;

[0048] Figure 9 An injection molding machine having a first embodiment of the plasticizing and injection unit according to the invention is shown;

[0049] Figure 10 An injection molding machine having a second embodiment of the plasticizing and injection unit according to the invention is shown;

[0050] Figure 11 Another embodiment of the plasticizing unit according to the invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0051] In the following instructions, fibrous materials should be used as filling materials. Figure 1 The plasticizing unit 1, generally labeled 1, is shown schematically. The plasticizing unit includes a cylinder 2 and a screw 3 with helical spiral ribs 4. When the plasticizing unit 1 is designed as part of an injection molding machine, the screw 3 is configured as a reciprocating screw and can be rotated and moved longitudinally by a suitable drive unit. When the plasticizing unit 1 is designed as part of an extruder, only a rotary drive for the screw 3 is required.

[0052] The screw 3 has multiple sections A and B. Plastic material P, fed via a hopper, is introduced and melted in the first section A. Fiber material F is also added via the hopper. Section A is designed as a three-zone screw, thus having an introduction zone, a compression zone, and a metering zone. The shearing section B, according to the invention, is viewed along the melt delivery direction. At the beginning of section B, a mixture of molten plastic material P and fiber material F is present. The plastic material P and fiber material F can be... Figure 1 The material is fed into cylinder 2 through the same hopper. However, the fibrous material F can also be added after the plastic material P, observed along the conveying direction. The mixture of molten plastic material P and fibrous material F is conveyed through section B by the rotation of screw 3. Section B is constructed as a shearing section according to the invention, as will be described in detail below. At the end of section B, there is a mixture of molten plastic material P and fibrous material F distributed in the melt, where the fibrous material F is dispersed in such a way as the individual filaments of the fibrous material F are substantially uniformly distributed in the mixture due to the action in section B. The screw having the shearing section designed according to the invention can also be referred to as a shear energy screw in the present case.

[0053] The following should be referred to Figures 2 to 7 Provide a detailed description of the design scheme for shear section B.

[0054] Figure 2 A portion of a screw 3 having a shearing section B designed according to the present invention is shown, and Figure 3 A perspective view of an expanded section of the shearing segment B of the screw 2 is shown. The screw rib 4 is configured as a blocking screw rib, meaning that the blocking screw rib forms a blocking gap SP with the inner wall of the cylinder. The blocking gap SP is sized such that little or no melt can flow through it. This gap corresponds to half the screw clearance in the cylinder 2. The surrounding blocking screw rib 4 forms a main thread 5 with a thread width G5. Another screw rib, a shearing screw rib 6, is provided in the main thread 5, and threads 7 and 8 are arranged on either side of the shearing screw rib 6. As will be described in detail below, the two threads 7 and 8 are configured to have a wavy thread bottom when viewed in the melt delivery direction, that is, designed in the form of a so-called wave screw or, in English, a wave-type screw. Therefore, in the present context, the threads are also referred to as wave threads 7 and 8.

[0055] The thread widths G7 and G8 of the corrugated threads 7 and 8 are the same. The corrugated threads 7 and 8 have a configuration such that a crest 9 in the corrugated thread 7 and a trough 12 in the corrugated thread 8 co-occur at a location on both sides of the shear screw 6 or co-occur on a segment on both sides of the shear screw 6. Similarly, a crest 10 in the corrugated thread 7 and a trough 11 in the corrugated thread 8 co-occur at a location on both sides of the shear screw 6 or co-occur on a segment on both sides of the shear screw 6. This configuration of the corrugated threads 7 and 8 is similar to the principle in so-called double-corrugated screws, as is known from the aforementioned prior art (US 4,285,600 and US 4,356,140).

[0056] According to the present invention, in one aspect, the width B6 of the shearing screw 6 is significantly smaller than the width B4 of the blocking screw 4. Furthermore, the heights of the crests 9 and 10 are designed such that in each corrugated thread 7 and 8 there exists a section in which the surface of the shearing screw 6 and the surface of the crest form a common surface. Moreover, the crest is constructed to have a platform, that is, a surface of the crest having a length L along the melt conveying direction. W Furthermore, its width is equivalent to the thread widths G7 and G8 of the corrugated threads 7 and 8. The common surface of the shear screw ridges 6 and the crests 9 and 10, as described above, thus exists along the entire length L of the surface of the crests 9 and 10. W Above. The width of the common surface is equivalent to the sum of the width of the shear screw 6 and the thread widths G7 and G8 of the crests 9 and 10 that respectively participate in forming the common surface.

[0057] The function of the aforementioned common surface is to apply shearing action to the mixture of plastic material P and fiber material F flowing in and towards the crests of the corrugated threads, and to distribute the mixture in such a way that a portion of the flow crosses the platform of the crests and remains in the corrugated threads to which the mixture reaches, while another portion crosses the shearing threads and flows into the adjacent corrugated threads. Therefore, the common surface is also referred to below as the total shear surface SF. The total shear surface SF is thus defined by the shear surface SF of the surface corresponding to the platform of crests 9 and 10. W and the shear surface SF of the shear screw 6 S Composition, wherein the shear plane corresponds to the shear plane SF W Length L W The product of the width B6 of the shear screw 6, that is, SF S =L W ×B6.

[0058] Based on the shear surface SF in one crest 9 of the corrugated thread 7 or one crest 10 of the corrugated thread 8 W Whether it exists can be categorized into the following shear planes.

[0059] SF W7 =L W ×G7 (Shear surface at the crest of the corrugated thread 7)

[0060] SF W8 =L W ×G8 (Shear surface at the crest of the corrugated thread 8)

[0061] The corrugated threads 7 and 8 and the shear screw 6 are designed such that the width B6 of the shear screw 6 is less than or equal to the shear surface SF. W Length L W In a preferred embodiment, the width B6 has an L W 50% and greater. Particularly preferably, the lower limit of B6 is at L. W Between 50% and 60%, B6's upper limit is in L. W Between 80% and 90%. Appropriate values ​​are determined by which type of plastic material P and which type of fiber material F should be processed. Width B6 and length L W The ratio should be designed such that the material flow is distributed within the area of ​​the total shear plane SF for the material to be processed, thereby ensuring that at least half of the arriving material flows over the shear screw 6 into the adjacent corrugated thread.

[0062] Observing along the flow direction, multiple wave crests 9 or 10 should be successively set in each corrugated thread 7 or 8. For most applications, setting two to five consecutive wave crests is considered sufficient. However, it is also possible that a larger number of wave crests may be required.

[0063] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of an expanded section of the shearing segment B of screw 2. Here you can see how the crests of one corrugated thread and the troughs of another corrugated thread are arranged side-by-side. L W The length is designed at the plateau of the crest, so that the shear surface SF of the crest 9 in the corrugated thread 7 is... W7 The shear surface SF of the crest 10 of the corrugated thread 8 W8 They are spaced sufficiently apart. Due to this staggered arrangement of the shear surfaces, a partial flow is formed from one corrugated thread to another and back, and is always formed by the shear surface SF of the shear facet 6 and the corresponding shear surface of a crest, creating a common surface or total shear surface SF. S Part of the flow.

[0064] In particular, the length L of the crest shear surface is greater than the width of the blocking screw edge. W The shearing screw is constructed in a relatively long manner when viewed along the conveying direction of the melt, and / or, in particular, the width of the shearing screw is constructed to be wider at least in sections compared to the width of the blocking screw, and preferably wider in the sections of the shearing screw surface that are constructed on the surface of the shearing screw.

[0065] In one embodiment, the length L of the wave crest shear surface observed along the melt conveying direction relative to the screw diameter D can be defined. W It has a dimension of at least 0.15 × D, preferably greater than or equal to 0.20 × D, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 0.30 × D. Alternatively or additionally, the width of the shearing screw edge can be configured such that it at least segmentally has a dimension of at least 0.15 × D, preferably greater than or equal to 0.20 × D, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 0.30 × D. The width of the shearing screw edge is preferably configured on the surface of the shearing screw edge to form a shearing screw edge shearing surface (SF). S The segment has the dimensions described above.

[0066] Figure 4 Show Figure 3 A cross-sectional view along line VV, and with the arrow pointing in the direction of... Figure 3 The view observed by line VV is shown. Therefore, in the corrugated thread 7, the bottom of the thread is along the flow direction (in... Figure 4The wave crest 9 is formed by rising from right to left and connected at an angle α to the surface 6a of the shear screw 6. This is the beginning 9a of the platform of the wave crest 9. The surface 9c of the wave crest 9 is at the same height as the surface 6a of the shear screw 9, at a length L. W Extending upwards. Starting from the end 9b of the platform of crest 9, crest 9 descends at an angle β towards the bottom of the wavy thread 7 until it reaches the trough of the wavy thread 7, the trough being at... Figure 3 The figure is labeled 11 in the attached diagram. Along the line of sight, behind the shear screw 6, one can see the portion of the blocking screw 4 extending beyond the shear screw 6. The crests are designed to create a slowly rising side 13 and a sharply falling side 14, meaning α < β.

[0067] exist Figure 5 , 6 And shown in 7 Figure 3 Other cross-sections in the process are selected such that these cross-sections are set up to allow observation of the front and back along the flow direction of the melt.

[0068] exist Figure 5 The middle shows along Figure 3 The cross-sectional view along centerline XX shows that the corrugated thread 8 has a platform with a crest 10 and a surface 10c, and the thread bottom of the corrugated thread 8 is thus located at the same height as the surface of the shear screw 6. Conversely, the corrugated thread 7 has a trough 11, meaning that the thread bottom of this corrugated thread 7 has its lowest level at this location. The dashed lines mark the connections between the blocking screw 4, corrugated threads 7 and 8, and shear screw 6.

[0069] Figure 6 Show along Figure 3 The cross-sectional view of line YY shows that at this location on the screw, the corresponding thread bottoms in the two corrugated threads 7 and 8 have a height lower than the surface 6a of the shear screw ridge 6. The thread bottom in corrugated thread 7 is slightly higher than the thread bottom in corrugated thread 8 because line YY intersects the raised side 13 of the crest 9 in corrugated thread 7, and a trough 12 exists here in corrugated thread 8.

[0070] Figure 7 The middle shows along Figure 3 The cross-sectional view of line ZZ shows that in the corrugated thread 7, there is a platform with crest 9 along with its surface 9c, and the thread bottom of the corrugated thread 7 is thus located at the same height as the surface 6a of the shear screw 6. Conversely, in the corrugated thread 8, there is a trough 12, that is, the thread bottom in the corrugated thread 8 has its lowest level at this location.

[0071] The surface of the shearing screw ridge forms a shearing gap with the inner wall of the cylinder, and the crest shearing surface forms a crest shearing gap with the inner wall of the cylinder. According to one design of the invention, the size of the shearing gap can be between 0.1 mm and 1.2 mm, at least within the region of the shearing surface, and / or the size of the crest shearing gap can be between 0.1 mm and 1.2 mm. Different configurations can exist depending on which shearing gap (shearing gap / crest shearing gap) has what value. Thus, one or more crest shearing surfaces can be located at the same height as the surface of the shearing screw ridge, at least within the region of the shearing surface (see...). Figure 3 , 5 And 7), and / or one or more wave crest shear surfaces may be lower than the surface of the shear screw at least within the region of one shear screw shear surface and / or one or more wave crest shear surfaces may be higher than the surface of the shear screw at least within the region of one shear screw shear surface. Furthermore, the size of the shear screw shear gap and / or the size of the wave crest shear gap may decrease along the melt conveying direction.

[0072] There exists a gap SZ between the total shear surface SF and the inner wall of the cylinder 2, which should also be referred to as the shear gap. The size of the shear gap at a specific shear surface SFn (n = 1, 2, ...) is referred to as Δn (n = 1, 2, 3, ...). The screw 2 is designed such that the shear gap SZ decreases when viewed along the flow direction, that is, Δ1 > Δ2 > Δ3, and so on. This achieves the following effect: due to the reduction in the shear gap SZ, the shear deformation is improved, which improves the dispersed and distributed mixing effect, with the aim of further dispersing the agglomerates that have become smaller along the process length.

[0073] exist Figure 8 The diagram shows one embodiment in which the surface 6a of the shear screw 6, when viewed along the melt conveying direction, is configured to have an undulating profile, that is, it is not like... Figures 3 to 7 The profile has a continuous, consistent height. Specifically, the profile can be stepped or wavy. The profile is preferably designed such that the surface 6a of the shear screw 6 is lower in the regions of the crests 9 and 10 compared to other regions, and the surface 6a of the shear screw 6 is preferably located at the same height as the surface of the blocking screw 6 in the regions of the troughs. This profile, as a stepped profile, in… Figure 8 As shown in the image.

[0074] Figure 9An embodiment of an injection molding machine is shown, comprising a plasticizing and injection unit 15 and a mold clamping unit 30, both supported on a base 40. Plastic material P and fiber material F are fed together into the cylinder 2 via a hopper 20. A pre-mixed material can be used, or, as shown, the plastic material P and fiber material F can be supplied to the hopper 20 via separate metering devices, namely fiber material metering device 21 and plastic material metering device 22. The screw 3 is configured as a reciprocating screw, meaning that its rear end is operatively connected to a rotary drive 23 and a linear drive 24. The mold clamping unit 30 can be configured in a known structural form and is therefore shown only schematically. The mold clamping unit mainly includes a fixed mold clamping plate 31 and a movable mold clamping plate 32 movable relative to the fixed mold clamping plate. Furthermore, the injection molding machine may have a movable half-mold 33a and a fixed half-mold 33b, which, in the closed state, form one or more cavities. When the plasticizing and injection unit 15 is attached to the fixed half mold 33b, a mixture of plastic material P and fiber material F can be injected into the cavity in a known manner.

[0075] Figure 10 An embodiment of an injection molding machine is shown, the machine having a plasticizing and injection unit 16 and a mold clamping unit 30, both of which are supported on a machine base 40. Figure 9 Unlike the plasticizing and injection unit 15, in this case, the plastic material P and the fiber material F are fed into the cylinder 2 separately. The plastic material P is fed into the cylinder 2 via the first hopper 20 at the rear end of the plasticizing and injection unit 15. Observing downstream along the melt conveying direction, but before the beginning of the shearing section B, the fiber material F is fed into the cylinder 2. The fiber material F is supplied to the screw conveyor 25 via the fiber material metering device 22, which is horizontally or vertically flanged to the cylinder 2.

[0076] Figure 11A variation is shown that spatial separation is achieved between the addition of plastic material P and fiber material F. This structure allows for the separation of the plasticizing process from the homogenization process of the fiber material, thereby benefiting the mechanical load-bearing properties of the fiber material. The third structural form of the plasticizing and injection unit 17 shown here includes a first cylinder 18 with a screw 19 and a second cylinder 26 with a second screw 27. The cylinder 18 contains the screw 19 configured to have a shearing section B. The additional second cylinder 26 has a melt outlet 28 at its front end, which is in fluid communication, for example, via a pipe 35, with a melt inlet 29 in the rear region of the first cylinder 18. Only a rotary drive 34 is provided for the second screw 27. The first screw 19 can be operatively connected to the rotary drive 23 and the linear drive 24 as described above, thereby enabling the screw 19 to rotate and move linearly, as indicated by the arrow at the rear end of the screw 19. The second cylinder 26 is configured to generate molten plastic material (P), which can be transferred from the second cylinder 26 to the first cylinder 18. The first cylinder 18 is provided with an inlet for adding fibrous material (F), particularly for fiber pelletizing. On the first cylinder 18, the inlet for the molten plastic material (P) and the inlet for the filling material are positioned in front of the beginning of the shearing section B, viewed along the melt conveying direction.

[0077] List of reference numerals

[0078] 1 Plasticizing unit

[0079] 2 cylinders

[0080] 3 screws

[0081] 4. Blocking screw edges

[0082] 5. Main thread

[0083] 6. Cutting the screw threads

[0084] 6a Surface of shear screw 6

[0085] 7 First wavy thread

[0086] 8 Second wavy thread

[0087] 9. The crests in the wavy thread 7

[0088] The beginning of the shear plane of wave crest 9a.

[0089] The end of the shear plane of wave peak 9b

[0090] 9c peak 9 surface (shear plane)

[0091] 10. The crests in the corrugated thread 8

[0092] 10c peak 10 surface

[0093] 11. The troughs in the wavy thread 7

[0094] 12. The troughs in the corrugated thread 8

[0095] 13. Elevated side

[0096] 14. Descending side

[0097] 15 Plasticizing and Injection Units of the First Structural Form

[0098] 16 Plasticizing and Injection Units of the Second Structural Form

[0099] 17. Plasticizing and Injection Units of the Third Structural Form

[0100] 18 First cylinder of plasticizing and injection unit 17

[0101] 19 First screw of plasticizing and injection unit 17

[0102] 20 Loading hoppers

[0103] 21. Measuring device for plastic materials

[0104] 22. Fiber Material Metering Device

[0105] 23 Rotary drive device

[0106] 24 Linear drive unit

[0107] 25 Screw Conveyor

[0108] 26. Second cylinder of plasticizing and injection unit 17

[0109] 27. Second screw of plasticizing and injection unit 17

[0110] 28 Melt outlet

[0111] 29 Melt Inlet

[0112] 30 mold-closing units

[0113] 31 Fixed mold clamping plate

[0114] 32 Movable mold clamping plate

[0115] 33a Active half-mold

[0116] 33b Fixed half mold

[0117] 34 Rotary drive device for the second screw 27

[0118] 35 pipes

[0119] 40 base

[0120] A First Screw Section

[0121] B Second Screw Section

[0122] C. Third Screw Section

[0123] P plastic materials

[0124] F fiber materials

[0125] G5 main thread 5 thread width

[0126] G7 wavy thread 7 thread width

[0127] G8 wavy thread width 8

[0128] B4 Blocking screw width of screw 4

[0129] B6 Cutting the width of the screw thread 6

[0130] L W The length of the plateaus at peaks 9 and 10

[0131] SF shear plane

[0132] SF S Shear surface of shear screw 6

[0133] SFw shear planes at peaks 9 and 10

[0134] SF W7 Shear surface of the crest in the corrugated thread 7

[0135] SF W8 Shear surface of the crest in the corrugated thread 8

[0136] Δ The clearance dimension between the shear surface and the inner wall of the cylinder.

[0137] The gap between the SP blocking screw thread and the inner wall of the cylinder.

[0138] The gap between the SZ shear surface and the inner wall of the cylinder.

[0139] α is the angle between the raised side and the surface of the sheared screw.

[0140] β is the angle between the descending side and the surface of the shear screw.

Claims

1. A plasticizing unit (1) for a plastic processing machine, the plasticizing unit comprising a cylinder (2) and a screw (3) rotatably supported in the cylinder, the screw (3) having a screw section configured as a shearing section (B), wherein the screw (3) has a blocking screw rib (4) spirally surrounding a screw core and a main thread (5) surrounded by the blocking screw rib (4), a shearing screw rib (6) is provided in the main thread (5), the shearing screw rib (6) having at least a segmental height less than the blocking screw rib (4) and the surface (6a) of the shearing screw rib (6) in these segments forming a shearing screw rib shearing surface (SF). S The main thread (5) has two parallel, wavy threads (7, 8) spaced apart by shearing threads (6). Each of the wavy threads (7, 8) has a thread bottom (15, 16) that extends wavyly along the melt delivery direction. The crest (9) of one wavy thread (7) is offset from the crest (10) of the other wavy thread (8) when viewed along the melt delivery direction. Each wavy thread (7, 8) has one or more slabs that are platform-shaped and form crest shear surfaces (SF). W The surface (9c, 10c) of the wave crests (9, 10), and compared with the width (B4) of the blocking screw edge, the wave crest shear surface (SF) W ) Length observed along the melt conveying direction (L) W The width (B6) of the shearing ridge (6) is at least segmentally wider than the width (B4) of the blocking ridge, and one or more crest shear surfaces (SF) are formed. W The surface (6a) of the shear screw (6) is located at the same height as the surface (6a) of the shear screw (6), and the surface (6a) of the shear screw (6) is located at the crest shear plane (SF). W The segments within the region constitute the corresponding shear screw shear surface (SF). SZ ), a wave crest shear surface (SF) W ) and a corresponding shear screw shear surface (SF) SZ Together they form a total shear surface (SFn), and a defined total shear surface (SFn) and the inner wall of the cylinder (2) form a shear surface shear gap (SZ) according to the shear gap size Δn (n = 1, 2, 3...) predetermined for the total shear surface (SFn). There are multiple total shear surfaces (SFn) in the two corrugated threads (7, 8) and the shear gap size Δn (n = 1, 2, 3...) decreases along the conveying direction of the melt.

2. The plasticizing unit of claim 1, wherein The shear flight (6) extends parallel to the barrier flight (4).

3. The plasticizing unit of claim 1, wherein The width (B6) of the shear flight (6) is wider in the section of the surface (6a) of the shear flight (6) configured as the shear flight shear face (SF S ) compared to the width (B4) of the barrier flight.

4. The plasticizing unit of claim 1, wherein The length (L W ) of the wave crest shear face (SF W ) in the direction of transport of the melt has a dimension of at least 0.15 x D, and / or the width (B6) of the shear flight (6) has at least sectionally a dimension of at least 0.15 x D relative to the screw diameter D.

5. The plasticizing unit of claim 1, wherein The length (L W ) of the wave crest shearing face (SF W ) in the direction of transport of the melt has a dimension greater than or equal to 0.20 x D, and / or the width (B6) of the shearing flight (6) has at least sectionally a dimension greater than or equal to 0.20 x D relative to the screw diameter D.

6. The plasticizing unit of claim 1, wherein The length (L W ) of the wave crest shearing face (SF W ) in the direction of transport of the melt, relative to the screw diameter D, has a dimension greater than or equal to 0.30 x D, and / or the width (B6) of the shearing flight (6) has at least sectionally a dimension greater than or equal to 0.30 x D.

7. Plasticizing unit according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that The width (B6) of the shear flight (6) has said dimensions in the section of the surface (6a) of the shear flight (6) configured as a shear flight shear face (SF S ) relative to the screw diameter D.

8. The plasticizing unit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The surface (6a) of the shear flight (6) forms a shear flight shear gap with the inner wall of the cylinder (2), the surface (9c, 10c) of the wave crest shear face (SF W ) forms a wave crest shear gap with the inner wall of the cylinder (2), and the size of the shear flight shear gap has a value of between 0.2 mm and 2.0 mm at least in the region of the wave crest shear face (SF S ) and / or the size of the wave crest shear gap has a value of between 0.2 mm and 2.0 mm.

9. The plasticizing unit of claim 8, wherein, The size of the shear flight shear gap has a value between 0.3 mm and 0.9 mm at least in the area of the shear flight shear face (SF S ) and / or the size of the wave crest shear gap has a value between 0.3 mm and 0.9 mm.

10. The plasticizing unit of claim 8, wherein, The size of the shear flight shear gap has a value between 0.4 mm and 0.8 mm at least in the area of the shear flight shear face (SF S ) and / or the size of the wave crest shear gap has a value between 0.4 mm and 0.8 mm.

11. The plasticizing unit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, one or more wave peak shear faces (SF W ) are located at the same height as the surface (6a) of the shear flight (6) at least in the area of one shear flight shear face (SF S ), and / or one or more wave peak shear faces (SF W ) are located below the surface (6a) of the shear flight (6) at least in the area of one shear flight shear face (SF S ), and / or one or more wave peak shear faces (SF W ) are located above the surface (6a) of the shear flight (6) at least in the area of one shear flight shear face (SF S ).

12. The plasticizing unit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The surface (6a) of the shear flight (6) has a profile in the conveying direction of the melt, which profile is designed such that the surface (6a) of the shear flight (6) is lower in the region of the wave peaks (9, 10) than in other regions.

13. The plasticizing unit of claim 12, wherein, The surface (6a) of the shear flight (6) has a stepped or wavelike profile in the conveying direction of the melt.

14. The plasticizing unit of claim 12, wherein, The profile is designed such that the surface (6a) of the shear flight (6) is at the same height as the surface of the barrier flight (4) in the region of the wave troughs.

15. The plasticizing unit of claim 8, wherein, The size of the shear flight shear gap and / or the size of the wave peak shear gap decreases in the conveying direction of the melt.

16. The plasticizing unit of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, Within the region of the total shear plane (SFn), the width (B6) of the shear screw edge (6) on its surface (6a) is less than or equal to the crest shear plane (SFn). W ) Length observed along the melt conveying direction (L) W ).

17. The plasticizing unit of claim 16, wherein, The width (B6) of the shear flight (6) on its surface (6a) in the area of the total shear face (SFn) has a lower extreme between 50% and 60% of the length (L W ) and an upper extreme between 80% and 90% of the length (L W ).

18. The plasticizing unit of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, the peak shear face (SF W ) is arranged and the length (L W ) of the peak shear face (SF W ) is designed such that the peak shear face (SFW7) of one wave thread (7) and the peak shear face (SFW8) of the other wave thread (8) are spaced apart from each other in the conveying direction of the melt.

19. The plasticizing unit of claim 18, wherein, a shear face (SF W ) is provided to the crest (12) of the other wave thread (8, 7).

20. The plasticizing unit of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The wave crest (9, 10) has a rising flank (13) in front of the wave crest shear face (SF W ) and a falling flank (14) behind the wave crest shear face (SF W ) as seen in the direction of transport of the melt, the rising flank (13) making a first angle (a) with the surface (6a) of the shear flight (6) and the falling flank (14) making a second angle (b) with the surface (6a) of the shear flight (6), and the first angle (a) being smaller than the second angle (b).

21. The plasticizing unit of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The cylinder with the screw configured to have a shear section (B) forms a first cylinder with a first screw (19), to which a second cylinder (26) with a second screw (27) is assigned, which second cylinder (26) has a melt outlet (28) on its front end, which melt outlet is in fluid connection with a melt inlet (29) in the rear region of the first cylinder (18), which second cylinder (26) is assigned to produce a molten plastics material (P), which molten plastics material (P) can be conveyed from the second cylinder (26) into the first cylinder (18), an inlet for an additive filler material is assigned to the first cylinder (18), and the inlet for the plastics material (P) and the inlet for the filler material are arranged upstream of the shear section (B) in the conveying direction of the melt on the first cylinder (18).

22. The plasticizing unit of claim 21, wherein, The filler material is a fiber material (F).

23. The plasticizing unit of claim 21, wherein, The filler material is a fiber pellet.

24. The plasticizing unit of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The plastics processing machine is an injection molding machine or an extrusion device.

25. Injection molding machine, having a mold clamping unit (30) and a plasticizing and injection unit (15), which plasticizing and injection unit (15) has a plasticizing unit according to any one of claims 1 to 20, and the screw (3) is in operative connection with a rotary drive (23) and a linear drive (24).

26. Injection molding machine, having a mold clamping unit (30) and a plasticizing and injection unit (17), which plasticizing and injection unit (17) has a plasticizing unit according to claim 21, the first screw (19) in the first cylinder (18) is in operative connection with a rotary drive (23) and a linear drive (24), and the second screw (27) in the second cylinder (26) is in operative connection with a second rotary drive (34).

27. Extrusion apparatus having a plasticizing unit according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein, Downstream of the cylinder (2) in the conveying direction of the melt, an extrusion tool and other device components of an extrusion device are arranged, which other device components are device components which are arranged in accordance with the extruded product to be produced. The filler material is a fiber material (F). The filler material is a fiber pellet. The plastics processing machine is an injection molding machine or an extrusion device.

25. Injection molding machine, having a mold clamping unit (30) and a plasticizing and injection unit (15), which plasticizing and injection unit (15) has a plasticizing unit according to any one of claims 1 to 20, and the screw (3) is in operative connection with a rotary drive (23) and a linear drive (24).

26. Injection molding machine, having a mold clamping unit (30) and a plasticizing and injection unit (17), which plasticizing and injection unit (17) has a plasticizing unit according to claim 21, the first screw (19) in the first cylinder (18) is in operative connection with a rotary drive (23) and a linear drive (24), and the second screw (27) in the second cylinder (26) is in operative connection with a second rotary drive (34). Downstream of the cylinder (2) in the conveying direction of the melt, an extrusion tool and other device components of an extrusion device are arranged, which other device components are device components which are arranged in accordance with the extruded product to be produced.

Images