A biofouling resistant membrane and methods of making and using the same

Abstract

This invention discloses an anti-biofouling film with a corrugated surface. The wavelength of the corrugations is less than 10 μm, and the amplitude is less than 500 nm. The anti-biofouling film of this invention not only possesses excellent anti-biofouling performance but also high optical transparency, making it widely applicable. Furthermore, the method for preparing the anti-biofouling film provided by this invention is simple, convenient, and easy to implement, making it suitable for large-scale industrial applications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an anti-biofouling membrane, a method for preparing the anti-biofouling membrane, and applications of the anti-biofouling membrane. Background Technology

[0002] Biofouling refers to the unfavorable attachment and growth of large numbers of organisms on surfaces, especially those submerged in underwater environments, leading to a decline or damage to their performance. Typical sources of biofouling in the ocean include algae, shellfish, oysters, worms, barnacles, sea squirts, and sea anemones. These organisms attach to surfaces such as ship hulls and underwater structures, causing serious economic losses and safety hazards.

[0003] Currently, the main methods for preventing biofouling include: 1) using coatings containing synthetic bactericides to resist or kill potential biofouling sources; this method has a strong toxic effect on biofouling sources, but it also seriously affects the marine environment and ecosystem, harming fish, shellfish, etc., and accumulating in marine organisms, therefore it is being banned by governments around the world. 2) Mechanical cleaning; although this method has lower toxicity, it requires a lot of time and money, making it both expensive and inefficient.

[0004] As human research and development of the ocean deepens, underwater photography technology is needed in many underwater fields such as oil, deep-sea exploration, underwater operations, and marine fisheries. Biofouling also has a very detrimental effect on underwater photography equipment (such as cameras and sensors). For example, biofouling on the lens surface of a camera can affect image capture and sometimes even render the equipment inoperable. To prevent biofouling of such equipment, it is necessary to consider not only reducing the biofouling rate but also the optical transparency of the biofouled surface.

[0005] Several existing technologies have attempted to research and develop surfaces with anti-fouling morphologies. For example, Chinese Patent 201310223520.4 discloses a biomimetic textured material with anti-algae adhesion properties and its preparation method. Using natural materials such as crab shells, lotus leaves, or other biological epidermis or leaves as templates, and organosilicon elastomers as transition templates, a textured organosilicon-modified acrylic polyurethane antifouling material is prepared through repeated casting and demolding steps. Another example is Chinese Patent 201110376218.3, which etches a cross-shaped microstructure on a photomask. The basic units are cross-shaped columns with tapered ends, arranged in an array. Then, a plasma deep silicon etching process is used on the silicon wafer surface to form a microstructure of a specified depth. A polydimethylsiloxane molding and replication method is used to prepare the microstructured antifouling material. However, these existing technologies do not consider the optical transparency of the fouled surface, and the preparation processes are relatively complex and costly. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address one or more problems existing in the prior art by providing an anti-biofouling film, a method for preparing the anti-biofouling film, and applications of the anti-biofouling film. The anti-biofouling film of this invention not only possesses excellent anti-biofouling performance but also high optical transparency, making it widely applicable. Furthermore, the method for preparing the anti-biofouling film provided by this invention is simple, convenient, and easy to implement, making it suitable for large-scale industrial applications.

[0007] According to a first aspect of the invention, an anti-biofouling membrane is provided, comprising at least one region in which the membrane is corrugated, and the wavelength of the corrugations is less than 10 μm and the amplitude is less than 500 nm.

[0008] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing an anti-biofouling film according to a first aspect of the present invention is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Provide a base film;

[0010] (2) Apply a tensile force to the base film to cause tensile strain in at least one region of the base film;

[0011] (3) Plasma treatment of the stretched base film region while maintaining tensile strain; and

[0012] (4) Release the applied tension to obtain a biofouling-resistant membrane including at least one corrugated area.

[0013] According to a third aspect of the invention, the application of the antifouling film according to the first aspect of the invention or the antifouling film prepared by the method according to the second aspect of the invention in preventing biofouling is provided. Attached Figure Description

[0014] In the accompanying drawings, similar reference numerals refer to the same or functionally similar elements, and the drawings include graphics of certain embodiments to further illustrate and clarify the above and other aspects, advantages, and features of this disclosure. It should be understood that these drawings depict exemplary embodiments and are therefore not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the drawings.

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a method for preparing an anti-biofouling film according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2Figure 1 shows the antifouling performance test diagrams of the antifouling membranes prepared according to Examples 1-12 of the present invention; wherein Figure (a) shows the surface fouling density values ​​of the biofouling organisms attached to the surface of the antifouling membranes prepared in Examples 1-12 with different wavelengths and amplitudes; Figure (b) shows a microscopic image of bacteria attached to the surface of the PDMS base membrane; Figure (c) shows a microscopic image of bacteria attached to the surface of the antifouling membrane with the lowest surface fouling density value in Figure (a); Figure (d) shows the relationship between the surface fouling density of the antifouling membrane and the haze (in water).

[0017] Figure 3 The photographs were taken by placing the antifouling membrane and the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) base film prepared according to Examples 23-26 of the present invention in front of a camera lens and taking pictures in water and air, respectively. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0019] definition

[0020] In the specification, references to "an embodiment," "preferred embodiment," "exemplary embodiment," etc., indicate that the described embodiment may include specific features, structures, or characteristics, but not every embodiment may include specific features, structures, or characteristics. Furthermore, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Additionally, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, whether or not it is explicitly described, it is assumed that the effect of applying that feature, structure, or characteristic to other embodiments is within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

[0021] The instruction manual mentions "multiple" to mean at least two, such as three, four, five, six, etc.

[0022] Any numerical value mentioned in this invention, if there is only a two-unit interval between any minimum and any maximum value, includes all values ​​that increase by one unit each time from the minimum to the maximum value. For example, if the amount of a component, or the value of a process variable such as temperature, pressure, or time, is stated as 50-90, in this specification it means specifically listing values ​​such as 51-89, 52-88… and 69-71 and 70-71, etc. For non-integer values, it may be appropriately considered that a unit is 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, or 0.0001. These are merely some specifically specified examples. In this application, in a similar manner, all possible combinations of numerical values ​​between the listed minimum and maximum values ​​are considered to have been disclosed.

[0023] As stated herein, unless otherwise specified, the term "an / a" is used to include one / a or more / a, and the term "or" is used to indicate a non-exclusive "or". Furthermore, when terms used herein are not otherwise defined, they should be understood as being for descriptive purposes only and not for limiting purposes. Additionally, all publications, patents, and patent documents mentioned in the specification are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety as if individually incorporated by reference. If there is any inconsistency between the usage in this document and those documents incorporated by reference, the usage in the cited references shall be considered supplementary to this document. In the event of irreconcilable inconsistencies, the usage herein shall prevail.

[0024] In the manufacturing method described in the specification, the steps may be performed in any order without departing from the principles of the invention, except where the timing or sequence of operations is explicitly stated. The claims state that a step is performed first, followed by several other steps. It should be understood that the first step is performed before any other step, and other steps may be performed within any other step unless the order is further specified in that step. For example, a claim stating "step A, step B, step C, step D, and step E" should be interpreted as meaning that step A is performed first, step E is performed last, and steps B, C, and D are performed within steps A and E. They may be performed in any order, and such order still falls within the literal scope of the process claimed in the claims. Similarly, a given step or sub-step may be repeated.

[0025] Biofouling-resistant membrane

[0026] According to some embodiments of the present invention, an anti-biofouling membrane is provided, comprising at least one region in which the membrane is corrugated, and the wavelength of the corrugations is less than 10 μm and the amplitude is less than 500 nm.

[0027] As used herein, the term "ripple" refers to a wave-like pattern having a defined wavelength and amplitude. In some embodiments, the biofouling-resistant membrane of the present invention includes at least one region, such as one or more regions, in which the biofouling-resistant membrane is corrugated. In some embodiments, the biofouling-resistant membrane of the present invention is corrugated, and the corrugations have the wavelength and amplitude described herein. In some preferred embodiments, the corrugations are parallel to each other.

[0028] In some embodiments, wavelength (λ) refers to the distance a wave travels in one vibration cycle, typically the distance between two adjacent crests or troughs. Those skilled in the art will understand that the distance between two adjacent crests or troughs of the antifouling membrane's ripples may vary along its entire length, as long as the distance conforms to the wavelength range described herein, although preferably the distance between two adjacent crests or troughs is the same or substantially the same along its entire length. In some embodiments, the wavelength of the antifouling membrane's ripples is 100-5000 nm, for example, 200-4800 nm.

[0029] In some embodiments, the wavelength of the ripples of the anti-biofouling membrane is 500-3000 nm, for example, 300 nm, 500 nm, 700 nm, 800 nm, 900 nm, 1000 nm, 1200 nm, 1500 nm, 1800 nm, 2000 nm, 2500 nm, 2800 nm and any value between them.

[0030] In some embodiments, amplitude (A) refers to the maximum value that the vibrating physical quantity may reach, typically the absolute value of the maximum displacement of an object from its equilibrium position when vibrating. Those skilled in the art will understand that the amplitudes of the individual units of the corrugations in the biofouling-resistant membrane may differ, although they are preferably the same or substantially the same.

[0031] In some embodiments, the amplitude of the ripples of the anti-biofouling membrane is 5-350 nm, for example, 10-250 nm.

[0032] In some embodiments, the amplitude of the ripples of the anti-biofouling membrane is 20-200 nm, for example, 25 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, 60 nm, 70 nm, 80 nm, 90 nm, 100 nm, 120 nm, 150 nm, 180 nm, 200 nm and any value between them.

[0033] During the research process, the inventors discovered that by adjusting the wavelength and amplitude of the ripples within a certain range, a membrane with both excellent anti-biofouling properties and high transparency can be obtained.

[0034] In some embodiments, the wavelength of the ripples is 90-110 nm and the amplitude is 6-10 nm.

[0035] In some embodiments, the wavelength of the ripples is 600-1500 nm and the amplitude is 20-60 nm.

[0036] In some embodiments, the wavelength of the ripples is 1000-1100 nm and the amplitude is 35-80 nm.

[0037] In some embodiments, the wavelength of the ripples is 1050-1100 nm and the amplitude is 40-150 nm.

[0038] In some embodiments, the wavelength of the ripples is 1100-1300 nm and the amplitude is 55-110 nm.

[0039] In some embodiments, the wavelength of the ripples is 500-800 nm and the amplitude is 30-60 nm.

[0040] In some embodiments, the ripples have a wavelength of 575 nm and an amplitude of 38 nm.

[0041] In some embodiments, the ripples have a wavelength of 715 nm and an amplitude of 58 nm.

[0042] In some embodiments, the ripples have a wavelength of 918 nm and an amplitude of 36 nm.

[0043] In some embodiments, the membrane has a transmittance of 85% or more in water, for example, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, and any value between them.

[0044] In some embodiments, the fog density of the membrane in water is below 0.2, for example, below 0.15, below 0.1, below 0.08, below 0.06, below 0.04, below 0.02, and any value between them.

[0045] In some embodiments, the membrane has a transmittance of 85% or more in air, for example, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, and any value between them.

[0046] In some embodiments, the haze of the membrane in air is below 0.4, for example, below 0.3, below 0.25, below 0.2, below 0.15, below 0.1, below 0.05, and any value between them.

[0047] In some embodiments, the membrane comprises polysiloxane.

[0048] In some embodiments, the membrane is made of a material comprising polysiloxane.

[0049] In some embodiments, the polysiloxane includes one or more of polyalkylsiloxane, polydialkylsiloxane, polyarylsiloxane, polydiarylsiloxane, and polyalkylarylsiloxane.

[0050] In some embodiments, the polysiloxane includes one or more of polymethylsiloxane, polyethylsiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane, polyphenylsiloxane, polymethylphenylsiloxane, polymethylchlorophenylsiloxane, polymethylethoxysiloxane, polymethyltrifluoropropylsiloxane, polymethylvinylsiloxane, and polymethylhydroxysiloxane.

[0051] In some embodiments, the membrane is a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane.

[0052] In some embodiments, the membrane may also contain other additives, such as bactericides, lubricants, and other auxiliaries. The present invention does not particularly limit the types and composition of other additives, as long as they do not affect the performance of the biofouling-resistant membrane.

[0053] In some embodiments, the thickness of the anti-biofouling membrane is 2-5 mm, preferably 2-3 mm.

[0054] Preparation method of anti-biofouling membrane

[0055] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a method for preparing the aforementioned anti-biofouling film of the present invention is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0056] (1) Provide a base film;

[0057] (2) Apply a tensile force to the base film to cause tensile strain in at least one region of the base film;

[0058] (3) Plasma treatment was performed on the stretched base film area while maintaining tensile strain;

[0059] (4) Release the applied tension to obtain a biofouling-resistant membrane including at least one corrugated area.

[0060] In some embodiments, the base film has a transmittance of more than 90% in water and a haze of less than 0.1.

[0061] In some embodiments, the base membrane has a transmittance in water of 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, 99.5% or more, and any value between them.

[0062] In some embodiments, the haze of the base film in water is below 0.1, below 0.09, below 0.08, below 0.07, below 0.06, below 0.05, below 0.04, below 0.03, below 0.02, below 0.01, and any value between them.

[0063] In some embodiments, the base film has a transmittance of more than 90% in air and a haze of less than 0.2.

[0064] In some embodiments, the base film has a transmittance in air of 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, 99.5% or more, and any value between them.

[0065] In some embodiments, the haze of the base film in air is below 0.2, for example, below 0.15, below 0.1, below 0.08, below 0.06, below 0.04, below 0.02, and any value between them.

[0066] In some embodiments, the thickness of the base film is 2-3 mm.

[0067] In some embodiments, the base film comprises polysiloxane.

[0068] In some embodiments, the base film is made of a material including polysiloxane.

[0069] In some embodiments, the polysiloxane includes one or more of polyalkylsiloxane, polydialkylsiloxane, polyarylsiloxane, polydiarylsiloxane, and polyalkylarylsiloxane.

[0070] In some embodiments, the polysiloxane includes one or more of polymethylsiloxane, polyethylsiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane, polyphenylsiloxane, polymethylphenylsiloxane, polymethylchlorophenylsiloxane, polymethylethoxysiloxane, polymethyltrifluoropropylsiloxane, polymethylvinylsiloxane, and polymethylhydroxysiloxane.

[0071] In some embodiments, the base film is a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film.

[0072] In some embodiments, the base film may also contain other additives, such as bactericides, lubricants, and other auxiliaries.

[0073] In some embodiments, the method of causing tensile strain in at least one region of the base film in step (2) is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can make appropriate choices. For example, tensile forces in opposite directions can be applied to opposite sides of at least one region of the base film to cause tensile strain, or one side of at least one region of the base film can be fixed and then tensile force can be applied to the other side.

[0074] In some embodiments, the present invention does not particularly limit the method of applying tension in step (2), and those skilled in the art can make appropriate choices. For example, tension can be applied to at least one area of ​​the base film manually or by a stretching device to cause tensile strain in the base film.

[0075] In some embodiments, the present invention does not particularly limit the magnitude of the tensile force applied in step (2). Those skilled in the art can determine it based on the base film material and thickness, the desired ripple wavelength and amplitude, etc., as long as the base film can produce the required deformation.

[0076] Plasma treatment technology uses a plasma surface treatment machine to perform certain physical and chemical modifications on thin films to improve surface adhesion.

[0077] In some embodiments, the present invention does not particularly limit the method and time of plasma treatment in step (3), and those skilled in the art can make appropriate choices as long as the base film can produce the required deformation. For example, the stretched base film area can be placed in a plasma treatment machine to perform plasma treatment. Plasma treatment machines are commonly used instruments for plasma treatment in the art, and common plasma treatment machines are, for example, a series of ion treatment machines (cleaners) from Harrick Plasma Corporation in the United States.

[0078] In some embodiments, in step (4), the tension applied to the base film is released, but because the base film has been subjected to plasma treatment while being stretched, it is deformed, causing the film to form a corrugated shape.

[0079] Figure 1 The method for preparing an anti-biofouling membrane according to some embodiments of the present invention is illustrated schematically. Taking a PDMS membrane as an example, firstly, the opposite sides of a PDMS base membrane are fixed, and then a tensile force is applied to induce tensile strain; then, while maintaining the tensile strain, the PDMS base membrane is subjected to plasma treatment, and then the tensile force applied to the base membrane is released, so that the base membrane exhibits a corrugated shape with wavelength λ and amplitude A.

[0080] Application of anti-biofouling membranes

[0081] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the application of the antifouling film of the present invention or the antifouling film prepared according to the method of the present invention in preventing biofouling is provided.

[0082] In some embodiments, the application of the antifouling membrane of the present invention in preventing underwater biofouling is provided.

[0083] In some embodiments, the antifouling membrane is used to prevent biofouling of cameras or sensors in underwater environments. The antifouling membrane of the present invention not only has beneficial antifouling properties but also high optical transparency, making it particularly suitable for preventing biofouling of cameras or sensors in underwater environments.

[0084] Example

[0085] The PDMS membrane used in the examples is a silicone elastomer manufactured by Dow Chemical (trade name: SYLGARD). TM A 184-inch, 3-mm thick film was used as the base film; the transmittance and haze of the film were measured using a visible spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Lambda 900 UV / Vis / NIR spectrophotometer).

[0086] Examples 1-12

[0087] First, a certain tensile force is applied to both sides of the PDMS base film to induce a certain tensile strain in the base film. Then, while maintaining the tensile strain, the PDMS base film is subjected to plasma treatment (the stretched PDMS base film is treated for a period of time in a HARRICK PDC plasma cleaner in the United States, with oxygen as the ionization gas). After that, the tensile force applied to the base film is released, forming ripples on the surface of the base film, resulting in antifouling films 1-12 with different wavelengths and amplitudes. The preparation conditions and the wavelengths and amplitudes of the antifouling films prepared in each embodiment are shown in Table 1.

[0088] Table 1

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] Marine bacterial adhesion experiments were conducted on the antifouling films prepared in Examples 1-12. The test method included immersing the test samples in a solution made from disinfected seawater containing the marine bacterium *Pseudoalteromonas* sp. (bacterial concentration of 2*10⁻⁶). 7 (cells / mL). After 3 hours, samples were removed from the solution, and the bacterial surface area contamination density of each sample was measured using an optical microscope. The contamination value of the flat sample was used as a baseline to normalize the results of other samples. The test results are shown in Table 1 and... Figure 2 As shown.

[0092] Figure 2 In Figure (a), the surface fouling density values ​​of biofouling organisms attached to the surfaces of antifouling membranes prepared in Examples 1-12 with different wavelengths and amplitudes are shown. The lower the surface fouling density value, the better the antifouling performance. As can be seen from Figure (a), the wavelength and amplitude of the ripples affect the antifouling performance of the antifouling membrane, but the relationship between the wavelength and amplitude of the ripples and the surface fouling density is not a simple linear one. Within the range shown in the box, the membrane exhibits the best antifouling performance. (b) shows a microscopic image of bacteria attached to the surface of the PDMS base membrane. (c) shows a microscopic image of bacteria attached to the surface of the antifouling membrane with the lowest surface fouling density value (0.07) in Figure (a) (wavelength 918 nm, amplitude 36 nm). The comparison between Figures (b) and (c) shows that the antifouling membrane of the present invention can reduce biofouling by 93%. (d) summarizes the relationship between the surface fouling density of the antifouling membrane and haze (in water), indicating the existence of ripples with the best antifouling performance and higher optical transparency.

[0093] Examples 13-22

[0094] Following a method similar to that used in Examples 1-12, antifouling films 13-24 with different wavelengths and amplitudes were obtained. The preparation conditions and transmittance and haze tests performed on the antifouling films prepared in Examples 13-24 are shown in Table 2 below.

[0095] Table 2

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] Examples 25-28

[0099] Following a method similar to Examples 1-12, antifouling membranes 25-28 with different wavelengths and amplitudes were obtained. The preparation conditions and the wavelengths and amplitudes of the antifouling membranes prepared in each example are shown in Table 3 below. The antifouling membranes prepared in Examples 25-28 were placed in front of a camera lens and photographed in water and air, respectively, with the PDMS base film used as a control. The obtained photographs and... Figure 3 As shown.

[0100] Table 3

[0101] Tensile strain Plasma treatment time / second wavelength / nm Amplitude / nm Example 25 30％ 2000 5043 340 Example 26 30％ 1000 2602 225 Example 27 30％ 500 715 58 Example 28 30％ 250 575 38

[0102] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that surface ripples do indeed affect the sharpness of the photographs. The films of Examples 27 and 28 exhibited higher transparency in both air and water, and the photographs taken were almost comparable to those of the base film.

[0103] It should be noted that the embodiments described above are only for explaining the present invention and do not constitute any limitation on the present invention. The present invention has been described with reference to typical embodiments, but it should be understood that the words used therein are descriptive and explanatory terms, not limiting terms. Modifications can be made to the present invention within the scope of the claims, and revisions can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Although the present invention described herein relates to specific methods, materials, and embodiments, it does not mean that the present invention is limited to the specific examples disclosed herein; on the contrary, the present invention can be extended to all other methods and applications with the same function.

Claims

1. An anti-biofouling membrane, said membrane being corrugated, wherein the wavelength of the corrugations is 500-3000 nm and the amplitude is 20-200 nm, said membrane comprising polysiloxane. The membrane has a haze of less than 0.2 in water and a haze of less than 0.4 in air.

2. The anti-biofouling membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that, The membrane has a transmittance of over 85% in water.

3. The anti-biofouling membrane according to claim 2, characterized in that, The membrane has a transmittance of over 90% in water.

4. The anti-biofouling membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that, The membrane has a fog level of less than 0.15 in water.

5. The anti-biofouling membrane according to claim 4, characterized in that, The membrane has a fog level of less than 0.1 in water.

6. The anti-biofouling membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that, The membrane has a transmittance of over 85% in air.

7. The anti-biofouling membrane according to claim 6, characterized in that, The membrane has a transmittance of over 90% in air.

8. The anti-biofouling membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that, The haze of the membrane in the air is below 0.

3.

9. The anti-biofouling membrane according to claim 8, characterized in that, The haze of the membrane in the air is below 0.

2.

10. The anti-biofouling membrane according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The membrane comprises one or more of polyalkylsiloxane, polyarylsiloxane, and polyalkylarylsiloxane.

11. The anti-biofouling membrane according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein it is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: (1) Provide a base film; (2) Apply a tensile force to the base film to cause tensile strain in at least one region of the base film; (3) Plasma treatment was performed on the stretched base film area while maintaining tensile strain; and (4) Release the applied tension to obtain a biofouling-resistant membrane including at least one corrugated area.

12. The anti-biofouling membrane according to claim 11, characterized in that, The base membrane has a transmittance of over 90% in water and a haze of less than 0.

1.

13. The anti-biofouling membrane according to claim 11, characterized in that, The base film has a transmittance of over 90% in air and a haze of less than 0.

2.

14. The use of the antifouling membrane according to any one of claims 1-13 in preventing biofouling.

15. The application according to claim 14, characterized in that, The antifouling membrane is used to prevent underwater biofouling.

16. The application according to claim 14, characterized in that, The biofouling-resistant membrane is used to prevent biofouling of cameras or sensors in underwater environments.

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