A power distribution system for a commercial vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses a power distribution system of a commercial vehicle. It comprises a chassis main power distribution box, a chassis auxiliary power distribution box, a instrument desk power distribution box, a roof power distribution box and an engine power distribution box. The input end of the chassis power distribution box and the engine power distribution box is connected with the positive pole of a storage battery. The chassis main power distribution box is used for supplying power to high-power electrical equipment on the chassis, the chassis auxiliary power distribution box, the instrument desk power distribution box and the roof power distribution box. The engine power distribution box is installed on the engine and is used for supplying power to electrical equipment on the engine. The chassis auxiliary power distribution box is used for supplying power to low-power electrical equipment on the chassis. The instrument desk power distribution box is used for supplying power to electrical equipment on the instrument desk. The roof power distribution box is installed on the roof and is used for supplying power to electrical equipment on the roof. According to all electrical configurations of the whole vehicle and in combination with the arrangement position of the whole vehicle, the number and position of the power distribution boxes are set, and the convenience of inspection and maintenance is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of automotive technology, specifically relating to a power distribution system for commercial vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional vehicle models typically have only one electrical distribution box in the chassis and one in the cab. The chassis distribution box serves as the main power distribution box, distributing the vehicle's power to meet different needs. These power supplies are then further distributed through the cab distribution box to serve various specific systems.

[0003] Because most systems need to distribute power through the cab distribution box, the existing power distribution scheme has many drawbacks: 1) The cab distribution box has a large demand and occupies a lot of space in the cab. It also needs to be placed in a place that is easy to maintain, which makes the placement difficult; 2) Many chassis electrical systems need to draw power from the cab distribution box. The wiring harness runs from the chassis to the cab and then back down to the chassis, which increases the cost and weight of the wiring harness.

[0004] Based on the above-mentioned drawbacks, there is an urgent need to adopt a power distribution scheme and system that can reduce the cost and weight of wiring harnesses to a certain extent, and alleviate the layout pressure of the cab power distribution box and the front SMJ box, while ensuring reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the aforementioned background technology and provide a power distribution system for commercial vehicles that reduces wiring harness cost and weight, and alleviates the arrangement pressure on the cab power distribution box and the front bulkhead SMJ box, while ensuring reliability.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: a power distribution system for a commercial vehicle, including a chassis main power distribution box, a chassis auxiliary power distribution box, an instrument panel power distribution box, a roof power distribution box, and an engine power distribution box. The input terminals of the chassis power distribution box and the engine power distribution box are connected to the positive terminal of a battery. The chassis main power distribution box and the chassis auxiliary power distribution box are mounted on the chassis.

[0007] The chassis main power distribution box is used to supply power to the high-power electrical equipment on the chassis, the chassis auxiliary power distribution box, the instrument panel power distribution box and the roof power distribution box;

[0008] The engine power distribution box is installed on the engine and is used to supply power to the electrical equipment on the engine.

[0009] The chassis auxiliary power distribution box is used to supply power to low-power electrical equipment on the chassis.

[0010] The instrument panel power distribution box is installed on the instrument panel and is used to supply power to the vehicle's equipment;

[0011] The ceiling distribution box is installed on the ceiling and is used to supply power to the electrical equipment on the ceiling.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a body control module. The input of the body control module is connected to the output of the instrument panel power distribution box, and is used to output ignition lock power signals. The body control module is responsible for outputting the ignition lock power signals required by all vehicle systems. It is only a signal, not a power source. The ignition lock power required by each vehicle system still comes from the instrument panel power distribution box. By providing ignition lock power and signals to different power distribution boxes or modules, power and signals can be separated to prevent interference, and wiring costs can also be reduced.

[0013] Furthermore, fuses (i.e., protection devices) are installed in the chassis main power distribution box, chassis auxiliary power distribution box, instrument panel power distribution box, roof power distribution box, and engine power distribution box.

[0014] Furthermore, the input terminal of the chassis main power distribution box is connected to the positive terminal of the battery via a first connection and a second connection, and a power switch is provided on the first connection.

[0015] Furthermore, the main power distribution box and power switch of the chassis are both installed in the battery frame on the chassis.

[0016] Furthermore, the high-power electrical equipment includes a high-power inverter, an emergency steering motor, an electric compressor, an electric cab tilting system, an engine controller, and a chassis module.

[0017] Furthermore, the electrical equipment on the engine includes a starter, a generator, and an intake preheater.

[0018] Furthermore, the low-power electrical equipment includes any one or more of the following: relays, ABS / EBS controllers, automatic transmissions, retarders, rearlights, position lights, fuel preheaters, aftertreatment system line heaters, and NOx sensors.

[0019] Furthermore, the vehicle equipment includes all devices on the vehicle that require power to the ignition lock ACC and ON positions.

[0020] Furthermore, the electrical equipment on the ceiling includes any one or more of the following: skylight control equipment, ceiling light, electric sunshade, and storage box light.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0022] 1. Based on the electrical configuration of the entire vehicle, the present invention sets the number, function and layout of the distribution boxes according to the principle of circuit optimization and their location on the vehicle. This realizes regional power distribution, separation of strong and weak electrical signals, clear power distribution, improved inspection and maintenance convenience and prevention of mutual interference between strong and weak signals.

[0023] 2. The arrangement of each power distribution box in this invention takes into account the wiring harness routing, cost, installation layout and space requirements of the power distribution box and its related connectors. The wiring layout of the power distribution box is reasonable and the wiring harness detours are few, which improves the reliability of the vehicle wiring harness and electrical system and reduces the cost of the wiring harness.

[0024] 3. In this invention, the power supply and signal, as well as the high-current and low-current systems, are output by different distribution boxes or modules, resulting in clear power distribution and avoiding interference between strong and weak signals. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system principle of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that these descriptions are for the purpose of aiding understanding the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a power distribution system for a commercial vehicle, including a chassis main power distribution box 1, a chassis auxiliary power distribution box 2, an instrument panel power distribution box 3, a roof power distribution box 4, an engine power distribution box 5, and a body control module 6 that provides ignition lock power signals to various controllers of the vehicle. The chassis main power distribution box 1, chassis auxiliary power distribution box 2, instrument panel power distribution box 3, roof power distribution box 4, engine power distribution box 5, and body control module 6 form a multi-level power distribution system. The chassis main power distribution box 1 is the primary power distribution unit, while the chassis auxiliary power distribution box 2, instrument panel power distribution box 3, and roof power distribution box 4 are secondary power distribution units following the chassis main power distribution box 1. The body control module 6 is the tertiary power distribution unit following the instrument panel power distribution box 3. The engine power distribution box 5 is also a primary power distribution unit, specifically supplying power to the battery charging circuit of the engine's intake preheater and alternator.

[0028] There are three main types of power supplies required by the electrical equipment or systems of a vehicle: one type is power that cannot be interrupted, meaning it is not controlled by the power switch and is directly connected to the positive terminal of the battery. As long as the battery has power, the electrical equipment or system will always be powered; another type is power controlled by the main power switch, meaning that power is only available when the power switch is closed and power is interrupted when the power switch is opened; and the third type is power controlled by the ignition lock, meaning that power is only output when the ignition lock key is turned on.

[0029] The chassis main power distribution box 1 distributes power to all electrical equipment and systems in the vehicle except for the engine power distribution box 5. Its input terminals are connected via wires L4 and L5 to the positive terminal of the battery and the controlled terminal of the main power switch (the terminal that receives power only after the power switch is turned on), respectively. The line connected to L4 provides power that is not controlled by the power switch, while the line connected to L5 provides power that is controlled by the power switch. Power from the alternator or battery is connected to the input terminals of the chassis main power distribution box 1 via these two wires, and primary power distribution is performed through the chassis main power distribution box 1. Both the power switch and the chassis main power distribution box are located within the battery compartment, thus eliminating the need for bends in the wiring to the power supply point of the chassis main power distribution box 1 and minimizing its length.

[0030] After the main chassis power distribution box 1 distributes power according to the power needs of the whole vehicle, in addition to directly supplying power to some systems, it also outputs power to the secondary chassis power distribution box 2, the instrument panel power distribution box 3, and the roof power distribution box 4 for secondary power distribution. The secondary chassis power distribution box 2, the instrument panel power distribution box 3, and the roof power distribution box 4 then output power to the systems they are responsible for.

[0031] Systems directly powered by the chassis main electrical distribution box 1 include inverters with a power of 2KW or higher, emergency steering motors, electric compressors, and electric cab tilting systems. Simultaneously, the chassis main electrical distribution box 1 also provides power to equipment on the chassis that requires constant power, such as the engine controller. All these electrical systems directly powered by the chassis main electrical distribution box 1 are relatively high-power systems located on the chassis, eliminating the need for complex wiring. Furthermore, the engine controller has strict requirements for the voltage drop of its power supply circuit; direct power supply from the chassis main electrical distribution box 1 shortens the power cable length, reduces the number of connector contact points and crimping resistances added when moving from the cab to the cab, and more easily meets the engine system's voltage drop requirements for the power supply circuit. The chassis main electrical distribution box 1 contains only fuses.

[0032] The generator draws a large charging current to the battery, requiring a separate fuse to protect this circuit. Similarly, the engine intake preheater has a power output of several kilowatts and a large preheating current, necessitating a fuse to protect this circuit as well. These two fuses are located in the engine distribution box ⑤. The engine distribution box 5 is mounted on the engine block. Its input terminal is connected to the starter motor's power supply B+ terminal via wire L3, and then connected to the battery's positive terminal via starter motor power lines L2 and L1, forming a complete charging circuit. Two wires from the engine distribution box 5 are connected to the generator's positive terminal and the intake preheater's power supply terminal, respectively. Since the starter motor, generator, and intake preheater are all engine components, this power distribution scheme ensures that the connecting wires between these components are as short as possible, reducing power loss and saving on wiring costs.

[0033] The chassis auxiliary power distribution box 2 is also located on the chassis, serving as a secondary power distribution unit for the chassis main power distribution box 1. It is primarily used to distribute power to smaller power systems located on the chassis. Besides fuses, chassis auxiliary power distribution box 2 also contains the necessary drives for these power distribution systems, such as relays. The ABS / EBS controller, automatic transmission, and retarder are directly powered by chassis auxiliary power distribution box 2. The taillights, position lights, fuel preheating and aftertreatment system piping heating, and NOx sensors are powered by chassis auxiliary power distribution box 2 and then driven by relays within it. This design aims to reduce wiring harness tangling, minimize risk points, and alleviate the layout pressure on the cab and front bulkhead.

[0034] The roof distribution box 4 is a secondary distribution box for the chassis main distribution box 1. This distribution box only distributes power to a small number of electrical systems located on the roof, such as electric sunroof, roof lights, electric sunshades, and glove box lights. When the cab is converted to a flat roof, none of the above functions are available, and the roof module can also be cancelled simultaneously.

[0035] The dashboard power distribution box 3 is a secondary power distribution unit of the chassis main power distribution box 1. Except for systems powered by the chassis auxiliary power distribution box 2, engine power distribution box 5, and roof power distribution box 4, all other electrical systems (i.e., vehicle equipment) of the entire vehicle are powered by the dashboard power distribution box 3, which is also the main power source for the entire vehicle. The remaining electrical systems refer to all devices in the vehicle that require power from the ignition lock's ACC and ON positions, as well as various driver assistance devices, such as AMT, fuel immobilizer, fuel tank switch, radar, turn signal alarm, cigarette lighter, thermostat, and sunlight / rain sensor.

[0036] The body control module 6 is a secondary power distribution unit of the instrument panel power distribution box 3. Its power input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the instrument panel power distribution box 3. It is responsible for outputting the ignition lock power distribution signals required by all systems of the vehicle. It is only a signal, not a power supply. The ignition lock power distribution power required by each system of the vehicle still comes from the instrument panel power distribution box 3. By providing the ignition lock power and signal by different power distribution boxes or modules, the power and signal can be separated to prevent interference. In addition, it can also reduce the cost of wiring, because the wire diameter required for power lines and signal lines is different. The signal line is much thinner. If they are not separated, the wire diameter of the signal line will have to be increased, which will increase the cost of the wiring harness.

[0037] To make the description of this disclosure more detailed and complete, illustrative descriptions of the embodiments and specific examples of the present invention have been provided above; however, this is not the only form of implementing or utilizing the specific examples of the present invention. The embodiments cover the features of multiple specific examples and the method steps and their order for constructing and operating these specific examples. However, other specific examples may also be used to achieve the same or equivalent functions and order of steps.

[0038] In the above detailed description, various features are combined together in a single embodiment to simplify this disclosure. This approach to disclosure should not be construed as reflecting an intention that embodiments of the claimed subject matter require more features than are explicitly stated in each claim. Rather, as reflected in the appended claims, the invention is presented with fewer features than all of the features of the single disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the appended claims are hereby explicitly incorporated into the detailed description, wherein each claim stands alone as a preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0039] It should be noted that although several modules or units for the device used to perform actions have been mentioned in the detailed description above, this division is not mandatory. In fact, according to the embodiments of this application, the features and functions of two or more modules or units described above can be embodied in one module or unit. Conversely, the features and functions of one module or unit described above can be further divided and embodied by multiple modules or units.

[0040] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the exemplary embodiments described herein can be implemented by software or by combining software with necessary hardware. Therefore, the technical solutions according to the embodiments of this application can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (such as a CD-ROM, USB flash drive, external hard drive, etc.) or on a network, including several instructions to cause a computing device (such as a personal computer, server, touch terminal, or network device, etc.) to execute the method according to the embodiments of this application.

[0041] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Contents not described in detail in this specification belong to prior art known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A power distribution system for a commercial vehicle, characterized in that: It includes a chassis main power distribution box, a chassis auxiliary power distribution box, an instrument panel power distribution box, a roof power distribution box, and an engine power distribution box. The input terminals of the chassis main power distribution box and the engine power distribution box are connected to the positive terminal of the battery. The chassis main power distribution box and the chassis auxiliary power distribution box are mounted on the chassis. The chassis main power distribution box is used to supply power to the high-power electrical equipment on the chassis, the chassis auxiliary power distribution box, the instrument panel power distribution box and the roof power distribution box; The engine power distribution box is installed on the engine and is used to supply power to the electrical equipment on the engine. The chassis auxiliary power distribution box is used to supply power to low-power electrical equipment on the chassis. The instrument panel power distribution box is installed on the instrument panel and is used to supply power to the vehicle's equipment; The ceiling distribution box is installed on the ceiling and is used to supply power to the electrical equipment on the ceiling; It also includes a body control module, the input of which is connected to the output of the instrument panel power distribution box and is used to output ignition lock power distribution signals; The chassis main power distribution box, chassis auxiliary power distribution box, instrument panel power distribution box, roof power distribution box, engine power distribution box and body control module form a multi-level power distribution system, realizing regional power distribution and separation of strong and weak electrical signals; The chassis main power distribution box and the engine power distribution box are primary power distribution boxes. The chassis auxiliary power distribution box, the instrument panel power distribution box, and the roof power distribution box are secondary power distribution boxes after passing through the chassis main power distribution box. The body control module is a tertiary power distribution box after passing through the instrument panel power distribution box. The input terminal of the chassis main power distribution box is connected to the positive terminal of the battery via a first connection and a second connection. A power switch is provided on the first connection. Both the chassis main power distribution box and the power switch are installed in the battery frame on the chassis.

2. The power distribution system for commercial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chassis main power distribution box, chassis auxiliary power distribution box, instrument panel power distribution box, roof power distribution box, and engine power distribution box are all equipped with fuses.

3. The power distribution system for commercial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-power electrical equipment includes a high-power inverter, an emergency steering motor, an electric compressor, an electric cab tilting system, an engine controller, and a chassis module.

4. The power distribution system for commercial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical equipment on the engine includes a starter, a generator, and an intake preheater.

5. The power distribution system for commercial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-power electrical equipment includes relays, ABS / EBS controllers, automatic transmissions, retarders, rearlights, position lights, fuel preheaters, aftertreatment system line heaters, and NOx sensors.

6. The power distribution system for commercial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vehicle equipment includes all devices on the vehicle that require power to be switched on or off.

7. The power distribution system for commercial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical equipment on the ceiling includes an electric skylight, ceiling light, electric sunshade, and storage box light.

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