Tolerance compensation element, component with tolerance compensation element, first and second component related connection structure, production and connection method

Abstract

The invention relates to a tolerance compensating element (1) by means of which tolerances of the distance between a first component (A) and a second component (B) can be compensated. The tolerance compensation element (1) comprises a bolt (3) made of metal, having a first drive feature (10), a first external thread (12) in a first thread direction, and a second external thread (14) in a second thread direction, wherein a projection (16) extending radially outwards from the bolt (3) is provided between the first external thread (12) and the second external thread (14); a first plastic overmolding (5) in part of the first external thread (12), which provides a fastening structure (20) for fastening to the first component (1); and a second plastic overmolding (7) around the radially outwards extending projection (16), which is preferably formed in a plate-like manner to provide an abutment (40) abutting the second component (B) in use, wherein a distance (D) of the second plastic overmolding (7) to the first plastic overmolding (5) is variable after overcoming a starting torque (L) between the first plastic overmolding (5) and the first external thread (12) in the longitudinal direction of the bolt (3), in particular a one-time increase.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a tolerance compensating element (by which a distance tolerance between a first and a second component is compensated), a first component having the tolerance compensating element, a connection structure comprising the first component and the second component, a method for producing the tolerance compensating element, and a method for connecting a first component to a second component by means of the tolerance compensating element. Background Art

[0002] Tolerance compensation elements are known in the prior art, in particular in the automotive construction industry, in a wide variety of forms as fastening devices for fastening two components to one another at a distance from one another.

[0003] An example of an adjustable fastening device is described in EP 0 612 635 A1. The fastener assembly includes a receiving member, a connecting member, and an engagement device for retaining the connecting member to the receiving member during relative movement in a first direction, and for maintaining this retention while allowing relative movement between the receiving member and the connecting member in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction by a predetermined distance.

[0004] DE 10 2010 005 309 A1 describes a cladding component comprising at least one fastening device for fastening to a vehicle body. The fastening device is configured similarly to a U-shaped profile, with legs extending from a socket and spaced apart from one another, engaging in a form-fitting (especially latching) manner in corresponding recesses in the vehicle body. Each leg is equipped with at least two latching elements arranged axially one behind the other, so that the cladding component is configured with tolerances, at least in the X-direction.

[0005] EP 3 502 490 A1 describes a latch device comprising a linear member and a base member. The linear member is configured to be coupled to a first member and includes at least one retaining protrusion. The base member is configured to be coupled to a second member and includes a channel and at least one retaining feature. The linear member is configured to be slidably received within the channel of the base member, and the at least one retaining feature of the base member is configured to engage with the at least one retaining protrusion of the linear member to retain the linear member within the channel of the base member.

[0006] DE 33 04 569 C1 discloses a device for adjusting a first component relative to a second component, in particular for adjusting an outer part of a vehicle door relative to a door body, wherein adjustment is possible in three directions. The device allows adjustment with the door closed, as the selected adjustment is initially fixed by the device until a screw is screwed in to secure the adjustment.

[0007] DE 10 2012 219 577 A1 describes a base bracket with an elongated plastic strip. It is based on a motor vehicle with a protective or decorative strip, which is fastened to the vehicle by means of several plastic fixing clips. The fixing clips comprise an anchoring portion and a coupling portion, which are linearly movable relative to one another. The aim is to create a base bracket with an elongated plastic strip, which is arranged on the base bracket via at least two clamping connections, at least one of which allows tolerance compensation. To this end, the elongated plastic strip is arranged on the base bracket via at least two clamping connections. In at least one of the clamping connections, a short, undercut guide rail is injected into the plastic strip, in which a sliding element is held in a form-fitting manner so that it can only be moved in the longitudinal direction of the guide rail. Outside the guide rail, the sliding element is connected as a whole to the fixing clips clamped to the base bracket.

[0008] DE 10 2012 011 750 A1 describes a fastening device with independent three-dimensional tolerance compensation. Regarding a first component and a second component that can be fixed to the first component during an assembly process, the second component automatically compensates for the tolerances of the layers of the first component in three dimensions. During the assembly process, the second component is moved relative to the first component in the direction of the assembly axis by a bocking movement. Furthermore, the fastening device includes a fastening device comprising first and second fastening elements. The first fastening element includes a rotatably mounted eccentric pin, whose rotational axis is eccentrically arranged about the central longitudinal axis of the eccentric pin and parallel to the assembly axis. The second fastening element includes a receiving opening for the eccentric pin. During the bocking movement of the second component, the eccentric pin can be positioned by a rotational movement in a vertical plane aligned perpendicular to the assembly axis so that the eccentric pin can be inserted into the receiving opening. The second component can be fixed in the predetermined position relative to the first component by an independent locking latch connection between the eccentric pin and the receiving opening.

[0009] WO 2017 / 205126 A1 describes a system for fastening a component to a fastening protrusion. The fastening device has a fastening element having a retaining receptacle having a retaining device for retaining the fastening protrusion and a forced locking element. The component or an intermediate element arranged on the component has a corresponding forced locking element. The pre-tightening device pre-tightens the mutually corresponding forced locking elements into a forced engagement state in the pre-installed position of the fastening elements on the component, thereby preventing the fastening elements from being laterally displaced relative to the component along a first movement direction. The retaining receptacle has a central opening that is at least partially tapered in the insertion direction of the fastening protrusion, so that the fastening protrusion is centered relative to the retaining receptacle of the fastening element when the forced locking of the mutually corresponding forced locking elements is temporarily suppressed and the fastening element is laterally displaced along the first direction.

[0010] Finally, WO 2020 / 088878 A1 discloses a connecting unit for connecting two components spaced apart by a distance. The connecting unit for connecting a first component and a second component spaced apart by a distance comprises a connecting screw having a head in the shape of a first spherical segment and a shank extending therefrom, the shank comprising an external thread with a first thread direction and a hollow cylindrical base element. The hollow cylindrical base element comprises a second external thread in a second thread direction adjacent to the first axial end for fixing in the first component, and a radially inward first portion with a first inner diameter. A through hole is provided at the second axial end, having a second inner diameter smaller than the first inner diameter. The outer side of the base element is designed as a second spherical segment. The first portion and the through hole are spaced apart from each other in the axial direction and connected by a transition portion, which at least partially provides a bearing surface for the head of the connecting screw. The shank of the connecting screw extends through the through hole. In this way, the pivoting of the connecting screw relative to the longitudinal axis of the base element can be achieved at a settable spatial angle.

[0011] A disadvantage of the known device is that it consists of several individual components, which is why production is laborious and cost-intensive. In addition, multiple steps are required for both production and assembly of the known device.

[0012] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a tolerance compensating element which is optimized compared to the prior art and by means of which a reliable connection can be provided in a simple manner between two components having a distance therebetween. Another object of the present invention is to provide a first component having a tolerance compensating element, an associated connection having first and second components, a corresponding production method, and an associated connection method. Summary of the Invention

[0013] Advantageous embodiments and further developments emerge from the following description, the drawings and the claims.

[0014] The present invention provides a tolerance compensating element with which distance tolerances between first and second components, in particular non-automatic compensating tolerances, can be compensated. The tolerance compensating element comprises a metal bolt having a first drive feature, a first external thread in a first thread direction, and a second external thread in a second thread direction, wherein a projection extending radially outward from the bolt is provided between the first external thread and the second external thread, a first plastic overmolding element in a portion of the first external thread, which provides a fastening structure for fastening to the first component, and a second plastic overmolding element surrounding the radially outwardly extending projection, wherein the second plastic overmolding element is preferably formed in the form of a plate and provides an abutment portion which abuts the second component during use, wherein the distance of the second plastic overmolding element from the first plastic overmolding element is variable after overcoming a starting torque or breakaway torque, in particular a one-time increase, between the first plastic overmolding element and the first external thread in the longitudinal direction of the bolt.

[0015] For a better understanding of the present invention, the use of the tolerance compensation element of the present invention in a connection structure is explained.

[0016] The first plastic overmolding part surrounds the first external thread in a form-fitting and force-fitting manner. The fastening structure provided by the first plastic overmolding part is therefore initially connected to the threaded bolt in a transport-safe manner. The tolerance compensation element is fastened to or in the first component by means of the fastening structure provided by the first plastic overmolding part. For example, when the fastening structure is provided in the form of a fulcrum slider, the fastening of the base element is carried out at the first component provided for this purpose, wherein the base element comprises corresponding guide rails. If the fastening structure has the form of a latch, as is mainly known in the prior art, the fastening takes place in a correspondingly configured opening in the first component. According to a further alternative, the fastening structure has the form of an adhesive pad comprising an adhesive surface for fastening to the first component. All three possibilities will be described later with respect to preferred embodiments.

[0017] Independent of the specific design of the fastening structure, it is necessary to secure the fastening structure in or on the first component to prevent a movement of the fastening structure in the longitudinal direction of the bolt. Similarly, the fastening structure must be secured against rotation at or in the first component so that relative rotation between the fastening structure and the bolt is possible after overcoming the starting torque or breakaway torque.

[0018] After the tolerance compensating element has been secured to or in the first component via the first plastic overmolding, the second component is positioned at a distance from the first component. To compensate for the distance tolerance between the first and second components, the bolt is rotated via the first drive feature. This can be done manually or by a machine, such as a corresponding tool or an automatic machine. This indicates that tolerance compensation is not automatically or independently performed by the tolerance compensating element.

[0019] In order to rotate the bolt and change the distance between the second plastic overmolding element and the first plastic overmolding element, the connection between the first external thread and the first plastic overmolding element must be loosened. This is possible only after overcoming the corresponding breakaway torque. The magnitude of the required breakaway torque is particularly influenced by the thread form of the first external thread. Preferably, the maximum breakaway torque is 3.5 Nm. Particularly preferred is a breakaway torque value between 1.5 and 3.0 Nm.

[0020] After overcoming the breakaway or starting torque, the bolt rotates relative to the fastening structure, causing the abutment portion to displace relative to the fastening structure. For this displacement, after the initial and one-time overcoming of the breakaway torque, a restraining torque, which is less than the breakaway torque, must be overcome. Preferably, the restraining torque is 10% to 20% of the initial breakaway torque. With respect to the aforementioned breakaway torque values, the restraining torque preferably has a maximum value of 0.35 to 0.7 Nm, particularly preferably between 0.15 and 0.6 Nm.

[0021] The distance between the second plastic overmolding part and the first plastic overmolding part is measured between the side of the second plastic overmolding part facing the first plastic overmolding part and the side of the first plastic overmolding part facing the second plastic overmolding part. Typically, during the production process, a tool-induced distance between the first and second plastic overmolding parts is established. Therefore, a change in the distance can be either an increase or a decrease. At the extreme end, the distance is zero, meaning the first and second plastic overmolding parts abut one another. If no tool-induced distance is established during the production of the tolerance compensating element, the initial distance can also be zero. In this case, the first and second plastic overmolding parts abut one another, and further reduction of the distance is impossible.

[0022] According to a first example, with an exemplary right-hand thread as the first external thread, the bolt is rotated counterclockwise. After overcoming the starting torque, the distance between the abutment formed by the second plastic overmolding and the fastening structure changes during rotation. To achieve this, a restraining torque, which is relatively small compared to the starting torque, must be overcome until the abutment abuts the second component. The second component and the tolerance compensating element are then secured in this position, for example by screwing a nut matching the second external thread onto the second external thread.

[0023] According to a second example, the bolt is rotated clockwise. This also changes the distance between the second plastic overmolding element and the first plastic overmolding element, wherein, in contrast to the above example, the existing distance between the abutment portion and the fastening structure is reduced. This can occur up to the point where the second plastic overmolding element abuts the first plastic overmolding element. In this case, the axial end adjacent to the first external thread can protrude from the first plastic overmolding element.

[0024] The above description applies analogously to the exemplary left-hand thread as the first external thread.

[0025] In this case, the first thread direction of the first external thread and the second thread direction of the second external thread are preferably the same. Alternatively, the first thread direction of the first external thread and the second thread direction of the second external thread are preferably opposite.

[0026] The advantage of the tolerance compensating element according to the present invention is that, in its initial state, it exists as a one-part tolerance compensating element. Only after the breakaway torque or breakaway torque between the fastening structure and the first external thread has been overcome does the two-part tolerance compensating element exist. Consequently, compared to the prior art, the number of steps required to produce the tolerance compensating element and to establish a connection between two components using the tolerance compensating element according to the present invention is reduced, which also has a positive impact on production costs. Consequently, the tolerance compensating element is optimized compared to known tolerance compensating elements while ensuring the same properties in subsequent component connections.

[0027] According to a preferred embodiment of the tolerance compensating element, the first plastic overmolding part has the form of a fulcrum slider or a latch or an adhesive pad. Regarding the design of the fastening structure or the first plastic overmolding part as a fulcrum slider, it is fastened in a base element fastened to the first component. The base element comprises a bottom and three side walls with protrusions protruding inwardly parallel to the bottom for fixing the fulcrum slider on the inside. The fulcrum slider slides into the base element from the side of the opening parallel to the bottom or parallel to the surface of the first component, respectively. The plane in which the fulcrum slider slides into the base element is also referred to as the sliding surface. Therefore, the subsequent displacement of the bolt relative to the fastening structure is perpendicular to the sliding surface, i.e. the plane aligned parallel to the bottom of the base element or parallel to the surface of the first component, respectively.

[0028] The fulcrum slider is secured in the base element by corresponding latching structures, in particular, by the interaction of a recessed structure in the base element with an axial projection provided on the fulcrum slider. The base element and fulcrum slider are sized to prevent the fulcrum slider from rotating relative to the base element. Because projections on the base element extending inwardly and parallel to the bottom engage corresponding guide grooves in the fulcrum slider, axial extraction of the fulcrum slider from the base element is prevented.

[0029] The above description applies similarly to a first plastic overmolded component configured as a bayonet as a fastening structure. For example, in this case, the first component includes a locking hole engaged by the bayonet structure. After the bayonet structure is locked in the locking hole, the tolerance compensation element is secured against being pulled out of the first component in the longitudinal direction of the bolt. Furthermore, protection is provided against rotation in at least a first rotational direction (e.g., a first thread direction). Alternatively, protection against rotation in a second rotational direction is provided. Depending on the configuration of the anti-rotation protection device, i.e., the direction in which the anti-rotation protection device prevents rotation, a starting torque or breakaway torque is applied in the respective rotational direction. After overcoming the starting torque or breakaway torque, the bolt can be moved using the first drive feature as described above.

[0030] The above description applies in the same manner to the first plastic overmolded part configured as an adhesive pad serving as a fastening structure. In particular, on the side facing away from the second plastic overmolded part, the adhesive pad comprises a form that matches the surface of the first component. This side is also referred to as the bonding surface. For example, the bonding surface can be configured as a flat surface. Alternatively, recesses and / or protrusions for receiving bonding means can be provided to provide a specified distance between the bonding surface and the first component. The appropriate bonding method is selected depending on the application and, for example, if the adhesive pad is made of a light-transmitting material, it can be a light-curing adhesive. Alternatively, the adhesive can be a two-component adhesive, etc.

[0031] One advantage of this configuration is that the tolerance compensating element is securely fastened in the first component in the longitudinal direction of the bolt. Furthermore, the fastening structure is secured against rotation, so that the starting or breakaway torque for loosening the connection can be applied between the first external thread and the first plastic overmolding element in a process-safe manner. In addition to the exemplary embodiments described above, any structure that meets these criteria when fastened to or in the first component can be used as the fastening structure.

[0032] According to another preferred embodiment of the tolerance compensating element, the first external thread is configured as a thread groove and has an asymmetrical flank structure. Preferably, the side of the thread flank of the first external thread facing the second plastic overmolding element encloses an angle α ranging from 7° to 12° with a reference line extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tolerance compensating element and through the tip of the thread flank. According to a first preferred embodiment, the side of the thread flank facing away from the second plastic overmolding element encloses an angle β ranging from 15° to 25° with the reference line. In another preferred alternative, the side of the thread flank facing away from the second plastic overmolding element includes a radius r ranging from 0.2 to 0.25 times the nominal thread diameter. This thread form, on the one hand, provides a secure connection between the first external thread and the first plastic overmolding element during production. On the other hand, it ensures that the connection between the first plastic overmolding element and the first external thread can be loosened without compromising the functional fastening structure.

[0033] Advantageously, the first drive feature of the tolerance compensating element is arranged at an axial end adjacent to the second external thread. This allows for reliable displacement of the tolerance compensating element, particularly when the tolerance compensating element is accessible only from one side. Alternatively, the first drive feature is an external drive feature. According to a second alternative, the first drive feature is configured as an internal drive feature.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment of the tolerance compensating element, a second drive feature is also provided, positioned adjacent to the first external thread. This provides drive features at both axial ends of the threaded bolt. This further increases the flexibility of the tolerance compensating element. Preferably, the second drive feature is an internal drive feature.

[0035] In the case where the tolerance compensating element comprises only the first drive feature adjacent to the second external thread, the axial end of the bolt, adjacent to the first external thread, is at least partially enclosed by the first plastic overmolding. Consequently, in the initial state, the first and second plastic overmolding parts are already at a minimum distance, resulting in the tolerance compensating element being kept as short as possible in the initial state. This is particularly advantageous with regard to the space required for transporting the tolerance compensating element.

[0036] In another advantageous embodiment of the tolerance compensating element, the abutment formed by the second plastic overmolding element includes a sealing element, preferably one or more beaded slits, on the side facing the second component. Thus, in contrast to the prior art, the sealing function of the tolerance compensating element is not provided by a separate component. Instead, the corresponding function is already integrated into the tolerance compensating element. This further reduces the number of separate parts in the tolerance compensating element, which also facilitates production and use.

[0037] The first and second plastic overmolding parts of the tolerance compensating element are preferably formed from the same plastic material or different plastic materials. Forming from the same plastic material has the advantage of more economical and efficient production of the tolerance compensating element. Conversely, using two different plastic materials allows for better adaptation to the respective application. An example of a plastic material for the first and / or second plastic overmolding part is PA6 GF 30.

[0038] The tolerance compensating element of the present invention is fastened to the first component of the present invention. With regard to the technical effects and advantages resulting therefrom, reference is made to the above description of the tolerance compensating element of the present invention to avoid repetition.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of the first component, the fastening of the tolerance compensating element with the first plastic overmolding takes place via a correspondingly configured base element on the first component or a correspondingly designed opening in the first component.

[0040] The base element may be fixed to the first component by gluing, screwing, etc. With regard to this embodiment, reference is made in particular to the above description regarding the configuration of the fastening structure as a fulcrum slider or bayonet.

[0041] The connection structure of the present invention includes a first component and a second component of the present invention. Thus, the tolerance compensating element of the present invention is fastened to or within the first component via the first plastic overmolding member and abuts the second component via the abutment portion. The second component is fastened via a nut that engages the second external thread. With respect to the connection structure of the present invention, reference is made to the above description of the tolerance compensating element of the present invention to avoid repetition.

[0042] A production method for a tolerance compensating element according to the present invention comprises the following steps: providing a bolt made of metal, the bolt comprising a first drive feature, a first external thread in a first thread direction, and a second external thread in a second thread direction, wherein a protrusion extending radially outward from the bolt is provided between the first and second external threads; overmolding a portion of the first external thread with a first plastic material, wherein the first plastic overmolding provides a fastening structure for fastening to a first component; and overmolding the radially outward extending protrusion with a second plastic material, wherein the second plastic overmolding provides an abutment portion for abutting a second component during use and is preferably configured in a plate-like manner. The tolerance compensating element according to the present invention can be produced using the production method according to the present invention. Reference is also made to the technical effects and advantages resulting from the tolerance compensating element according to the present invention.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment of the production method, the first and second plastic materials are identical or different. As mentioned above, using the same plastic material has the advantage that the tolerance compensation element can be produced more cost-effectively. Conversely, using two different plastic materials allows for better adaptation to the respective application. An example of a plastic material for the first and / or second plastic overmolded element is PA6GF 30.

[0044] A method for connecting a first component to a second component via a tolerance compensating element comprises the following steps: fastening the tolerance compensating element to the first component via a first plastic overmolding, arranging the second component at a distance from the first component, overcoming the starting torque between the first plastic overmolding and the first external thread, and rotating a bolt until an abutment formed by the second plastic overmolding abuts the second component; and then screwing a nut onto the second external thread to secure the second component at a distance from the first component. By using the tolerance compensating element of the present invention, a connection structure of the present invention is provided by the connection method of the present invention. Reference is therefore also made to the above description regarding the resulting technical effects and advantages. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings, the same reference symbols represent the same parts and / or elements.

[0046] Figure 1is a perspective view of an embodiment of a tolerance compensation element of the present invention,

[0047] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Bottom view of an embodiment of a tolerance compensation element,

[0048] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A first side view of an embodiment of a tolerance compensation element,

[0049] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A second side view of an embodiment of a tolerance compensation element,

[0050] Figure 5 for Figure 4 An enlarged side view of the enclosed portion Y,

[0051] Figure 6 for Figure 1 A top view of an embodiment of a tolerance compensation element,

[0052] Figure 7 for Figure 1 An embodiment of a tolerance compensation element along Figure 6 The cross-section of line AA,

[0053] Figure 8 for Figure 7 The enlarged view of the enclosed portion X,

[0054] Figure 9 A three-dimensional diagram of a bolt.

[0055] Figure 10 for Figure 9 Top view of the bolt,

[0056] Figure 11 for Figure 9 Side view of the bolt,

[0057] Figure 12 for Figure 9 An enlarged view of the radial protrusion of the bolt,

[0058] Figure 13 FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a bolt in a first external thread portion, for illustrating a first embodiment of a thread side structure.

[0059] Figure 14 FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a bolt in a portion of a first external thread, for illustrating a second embodiment of a thread side structure.

[0060] Figure 15 is a top view of an embodiment of a base element for fixing a tolerance compensation element to a first component,

[0061] Figure 16 for Figure 15 A side view of the base element,

[0062] Figure 17 For the Figure 16 An enlarged cross-sectional view of line DD is used to illustrate the latch structure of the base element.

[0063] Figure 18 Based on Figure 1 Tolerance compensation element insertion Figure 15 A perspective view of the base element,

[0064] Figure 19 Schematic diagram of the torque required to change the distance between the second plastic overmolding part and the first plastic overmolding part,

[0065] Figure 20 An embodiment of the first component of the present invention is shown.

[0066] Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view of the tolerance compensation element in a first assembled state, wherein the second plastic overmolding part is spaced apart from the second component,

[0067] Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view of the tolerance compensating element in a second assembled state, wherein the second plastic overmolding part adjoins the second component,

[0068] Figure 23 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the fastening structure of the present invention,

[0069] Figure 24 A process diagram of an embodiment of the method for producing a tolerance compensation element according to the present invention, and

[0070] Figure 25 FIG. 1 is a process diagram of an embodiment of the connection method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0071] In the following, an embodiment of the tolerance compensating element 1 according to the invention is described, which is able to compensate for tolerances in the distance between a first component A and a second component B. Corresponding applications can be found in the automotive industry, for example, when additional components are to be fastened to structural components.

[0072] refer to Figures 1 to 8An embodiment of a tolerance compensating element 1 according to the present invention is described below. The tolerance compensating element 1 includes a threaded screw 3 made of metal, a first plastic overmold 5, and a second plastic overmold 7. The first plastic overmold 5 and the second plastic overmold 7 can be made of the same plastic or different plastic materials. The advantage of using the same plastic material is that the tolerance compensating element 1 can be produced more easily and cost-effectively. Conversely, using two different plastic materials allows for better adaptation to the respective application. An example of the plastic material for the first plastic overmold 5 and / or the second plastic overmold 7 is PA6 GF 30.

[0073] Figures 9 to 12 The metal bolt 3 shown in detail in FIG comprises a first driving feature 10, a first external thread 12 in a first thread direction, and a second external thread 14 in a second thread direction, wherein the second external thread 14 is only shown schematically. A protrusion 16 extending radially outward from the bolt 3 is provided between the first external thread 12 and the second external thread 14.

[0074] In this case, preferably, the first thread direction of the first external thread 12 and the second thread direction of the second external thread 14 are the same. Alternatively, preferably, the first thread direction of the first external thread 12 and the second thread direction of the second external thread 14 are opposite to each other.

[0075] The first external thread 12 is configured in a thread groove manner and is asymmetrical with respect to the tooth profile. Figure 13 It can be seen that the side 18 of the thread flank facing the second plastic overmolding part 7 encloses an angle α in the range of 7° to 12° with a reference line E extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tolerance compensating element 1 and through the tip of the thread flank. The side 19 of the thread flank facing away from the second plastic overmolding part 7 encloses an angle β in the range of 15° to 25° with the reference line E. In another preferred embodiment, as Figure 14 As shown, the side 19 of the thread flank facing away from the second plastic overmolding element 7 includes a radius r in the range of 0.2 to 0.25 times the nominal thread diameter. For example, the first external thread 12 is a Remform or Remform II thread. The first plastic overmolding element 5 is disposed in the portion of the first external thread 12 and provides a fastening structure 20 for fastening the tolerance compensating element 1 to the first component A.

[0076] Due to the thread form of the first external thread 12, on the one hand, a reliable connection structure is provided between the first external thread 12 and the first plastic covering 5 during the production process. On the other hand, it is ensured that the first external thread 12 and the first plastic covering 5 can be connected to each other after overcoming the starting torque L (see FIG. Figure 19 ), the connection structure between the first plastic covering 5 and the first external thread 12 can be loosened without destroying the function of the fastening structure 20.

[0077] The second external thread 14 is then used to fasten the second component B, for example by means of a nut 60 engaged therewith.

[0078] The first drive feature 10 of the tolerance compensating element 1 is arranged at the axial end adjacent to the second external thread 14. This allows for reliable displacement of the tolerance compensating element 1, particularly when the tolerance compensating element 1 is accessible only from one side. According to an alternative embodiment, the first drive feature 10 is an external drive feature, such as the illustrated internal hexagonal external engagement feature or an external star. Of course, an external hexagon, etc., can also be used. According to a second alternative embodiment, the first drive feature is configured as an internal drive feature. Similarly, the first drive feature 10 can also be provided at the axial end adjacent to the first external thread 12.

[0079] In another alternative, a second drive feature (not shown) is additionally provided. For example, it is arranged at the axial end of the bolt 3 opposite the first drive feature 10 and, in the illustrated embodiment of the tolerance compensating element 1, adjacent to the first external thread 12. In this way, drive features are provided at both axial ends of the bolt 3. This further expands the application range of the tolerance compensating element 1. Because the first plastic overmolded part 5 is disposed within the portion of the first external thread 12, the second drive feature is preferably an internal drive feature.

[0080] As described above, the first plastic overmolding 5 is disposed within the first external thread 12. The first plastic overmolding 5 provides a fastening structure 20 for fastening the tolerance compensating element 1 to the first component A. The first plastic overmolding 5 and the first external thread 12 can be loosened from each other after overcoming a starting torque L. After overcoming this initial starting torque or breakaway torque L (which is influenced, among other things, by the thread geometry of the first external thread 12 and can also be referred to as a predetermined breaking torque), a restraining torque H must be overcome in order to rotate the bolt 3 relative to the first plastic overmolding 5. This restraining torque H corresponds to the residual friction torque between the first plastic overmolding 5 and the first external thread 12 of the bolt 3.

[0081] The second plastic overmolding 7 surrounds the radially outwardly extending projection 16 of the bolt 3 and preferably has the form of a plate or disk. The second plastic overmolding 7 provides an abutment 40 that abuts the second component B during use. The abutment 40 formed by the second plastic overmolding 7 includes sealing elements, here two crimping rips 42, on the side facing the second component B. In contrast to the prior art, the sealing function of the tolerance compensating element 1 is therefore not provided by a separate component. Instead, the corresponding function is already integrated into the tolerance compensating element 1. This further reduces the number of separate parts of the tolerance compensating element 1, thereby making it easier to produce and use.

[0082] There is a distance between the first 3 and second plastic overmolding parts 5 in the longitudinal direction of the bolt 3. This is due, on the one hand, to the fact that the distance between the abutment 40 and the fastening structure 20 must be variable in order for the tolerance compensating element 1 to fulfil its function. On the other hand, it is caused by the tool and therefore cannot fall below a certain minimum level.

[0083] In the case where the tolerance compensating element 1 only includes the first drive feature adjacent to the second external thread 14, the axial end of the bolt 3 adjacent to the first external thread 12 is at least partially enclosed by the first plastic overmolding 5. Consequently, the first plastic overmolding 5 and the second plastic overmolding 7 are already at a minimum distance in the initial state, resulting in the length of the tolerance compensating element 1 being kept as low as possible in the initial state. This is particularly advantageous with regard to the space required during transportation of the tolerance compensating element. The same applies when the axial end of the bolt 3 adjacent to the first external thread 12 is not enclosed by the first plastic overmolding 5. In this case, an opening is present, through which the bolt can also be extended after a corresponding rotation relative to the fastening structure 20.

[0084] In the initial state, the first plastic overmolding element 5 surrounds the first external thread 12 in a form-fitting and force-fitting manner. Due to the encapsulation of the first external thread 12 by the first plastic overmolding element 5, the provided fastening structure 20 is connected to the bolt 3 in a transport-safe manner. The tolerance compensating element 1 is secured to or in the first component A via the fastening structure 20 provided by the first plastic overmolding element 5. In this example, the fastening structure 20 is in the form of a fulcrum slider.

[0085] The fulcrum slider as the fastening structure 20 has the basic shape of a cuboid, preferably with longitudinal sides and relatively short transverse sides. Four outwardly projecting projections 22 are provided on the longitudinal sides adjacent to the corners of each longitudinal side, extending perpendicularly with respect to the longitudinal direction of the bolt 3. Thus, guide grooves 28 are formed between the projections 22, extending in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bolt.

[0086] Two projections 22 provided adjacent to the side of the fastening structure 20 facing the abutment 40 are connected by a web 24. An axial projection 26 is provided on the web 24, which extends axially away from the abutment 40 and, in use, engages a recessed structure 58 of the base element 50. At the end facing the transverse side, the projection 22 comprises an inclined entry face to facilitate the insertion of the fastening structure 20 into the base element 50. Furthermore, due to this geometry, when inserting the tolerance compensating element 1 with the fastening structure 20 as a fulcrum slider into the base element 50, it is not necessary to pay attention to the orientation of the fastening structure 20.

[0087] Figures 15 to 17 Shown is an associated base element 50 fastened to the first component A, for example by gluing, screwing or the like, and intended to receive the fulcrum slider.

[0088] The base element 50 includes a bottom 52 and three sidewalls 54 with protrusions 56 extending inwardly parallel to the bottom 52 for securing the fulcrum slider therein. The fulcrum slider slides into the base element 50 from an opening side parallel to the bottom 52 or parallel to the surface of the first component A, respectively. The plane in which the fulcrum slider slides into the base element 50 is also referred to as the sliding surface. Therefore, subsequent adjustment of the bolt 3 relative to the fastening structure 20 formed by the first plastic overmolded part 3 occurs perpendicular to the sliding surface (i.e., the plane parallel to the bottom 52 of the base element 50 or the surface of the first component A).

[0089] The fulcrum slider or the fastening structure 20 formed by the first plastic overmolded part 5 is fastened in the base element 50 by a corresponding latching structure. To this end, the groove structure 58 at the base element 50 interacts with the axial protrusion 26 at the fulcrum slider. The base element 50 and the fulcrum slider as the fastening structure 20 are adapted to each other in terms of size to prevent the fulcrum slider from rotating relative to the base element 50. When the protrusion 56 of the base element 50 protruding parallel to the bottom engages with the corresponding guide groove 28 of the fulcrum slider, the fulcrum slider is prevented from being pulled out axially from the base element 50. In this case, reference is made to Figure 18 , which shows a tolerance compensation element 1 arranged in a base element 50 .

[0090] As an alternative to the design of the fastening structure 20 of the fulcrum slider, a design in the form of a not shown bayonet can also be implemented, which is well known in the prior art. The fastening of such a bayonet occurs in a correspondingly configured opening in the first component A. For example, the first component A in this case includes a lock hole, into which the bayonet structure engages. After locking the bayonet structure in the lock hole, the tolerance compensation element 1 is fixed in the longitudinal direction of the bolt 3 to prevent it from being pulled out from the first component A. In addition, protection is generated to prevent rotation in at least the first direction of rotation (for example, in the first thread direction). Alternatively, protection is provided to prevent rotation in the second direction of rotation. Depending on the configuration of the anti-rotation protection, that is, the direction in which the anti-rotation protection prevents rotation, a starting torque L is applied in the corresponding direction of rotation. After overcoming the starting torque L, the bolt 3 can be adjusted by the first drive feature 10 as described above.

[0091] According to another possibility, the fastening structure 20 is implemented in the form of an adhesive pad (also not shown). The above description applies accordingly to the first plastic overmolded part 5 as the fastening structure 20. In particular, on the side facing away from the second plastic overmolded part 7, the adhesive pad has a shape that matches the surface of the first component A. This side is also referred to as the adhesive surface. The adhesive surface can, for example, be configured as a flat surface. Alternatively, recesses and / or protrusions for receiving adhesive can be provided to provide a defined distance between the adhesive surface and the first component A. The appropriate adhesive is selected based on the application and, for example, can be a light-curing adhesive when the adhesive pad is made of a light-transmitting material. Alternatively, the adhesive can be a two-component adhesive, etc.

[0092] Regardless of the precise configuration of the fastening structure 20, it must be secured in or on the first component A to prevent movement of the fastening structure 20 in the longitudinal direction of the bolt 3. Likewise, the fastening structure 20 must be prevented from rotating on or in the first component A so that relative rotation between the fastening structure 20 and the bolt 3 is possible after the starting torque L has been overcome.

[0093] For a better understanding, now refer to Figures 20 to 23 The tolerance compensating element 1 is explained in conjunction with its use in a connection structure.

[0094] Once the tolerance compensating element 1 is fastened on or in the first component A by the fastening structure 20 formed by the first plastic overmolding part 5, as shown in FIG. Figure 20 As shown, the second component B will be kept at a certain distance from the first component A. Figure 21 As shown. To compensate for the distance tolerance between first component A and second component B, the screw 3 is rotated via the first drive feature 10. This can be done manually or by a machine, such as a corresponding tool or an automatic machine. It is clear from this that the tolerance compensation is not automatically or self-actingly performed by the tolerance compensating element 1.

[0095] In order to rotate the screw 3 and thus change the distance D of the second plastic overmolding part 7 to the first plastic overmolding part 5, the connection between the first external thread 12 and the first plastic overmolding part 5 must be loosened, which is possible after overcoming the respective starting torque L (see Figure 19 The starting torque L is particularly influenced by the thread form of the first external thread 12, wherein the starting torque L is at most 3.5 Nm. Preferred values ​​for the starting torque or breakaway torque are in the range of 1.5 to 3.0 Nm.

[0096] After overcoming the breakaway torque or starting torque, the bolt 3 rotates relative to the fastening structure 20, causing the abutment 40 to be displaced relative to the fastening structure 20. This displacement requires overcoming a restraining torque H that is less than the breakaway torque L (which has been preliminarily and once increased relative to the restraining torque H) and, in particular, lies in the range of 10% to 20% of the breakaway torque. With respect to the aforementioned breakaway torque values, the restraining torque is preferably a maximum of 0.35 to 0.7 Nm, particularly preferably between 0.15 and 0.6 Nm.

[0097] The distance D between the second plastic covering 7 and the first plastic covering 5 is measured between the side of the second plastic covering 7 facing the first plastic covering 5 and the side of the first plastic covering 5 facing the second plastic covering 7. Figure 3 As shown. In the illustrated embodiment, a tool-induced distance D exists between the first plastic overmolding part 5 and the second plastic overmolding part 7 during the production process. Therefore, changing distance D can mean both increasing and decreasing distance D, particularly when the first plastic overmolding part 5 does not surround the axial end of the bolt 3 adjacent to the first external thread 12 on the facing side. Distance D can therefore be reduced until the first plastic overmolding part 5 and the second plastic overmolding part 7 abut each other, resulting in a distance of zero. If no tool-induced distance D is generated during the production of the tolerance compensating element, the initial distance D can also be zero. Distance D may increase as long as the bolt 3 with the first external thread 12 is not process-safe in the fastening arrangement 20.

[0098] According to a first example, with an exemplary right-hand thread as the first external thread 12, the bolt 3 is rotated counterclockwise. After overcoming the starting torque L, the distance between the abutment 40 formed by the second plastic overmolding part 7 and the fastening structure 20 increases during rotation. To this end, the restraining torque H must be overcome. Figure 22 As shown, until the abutment 40 abuts the second component B. Subsequently, the second component B and the tolerance compensation element 1 are fixed in this position, for example, by screwing a nut 60 adapted to the second external thread 14 into the second external thread 14. Figure 23 shown.

[0099] According to the second example, the bolt 3 is rotated clockwise, so that the distance between the fastening structure 20 and the abutment 40 is further reduced. In particular, when the first plastic overmolding part 5 is configured to be open adjacent to the relevant axial end of the bolt 3, the axial end of the bolt 3 protrudes from the first plastic overmolding part 5 at the distal end.

[0100] The above description applies analogously to the exemplary left-hand thread as the first external thread 12 .

[0101] The advantage of tolerance compensating element 1 is that, in its initial state, it exists as a one-piece tolerance compensating element 1. Only after overcoming the breakaway torque L between the fastening structure 20 and the first external thread 12 does a two-part tolerance compensating element 1 emerge. Consequently, compared to the prior art, the number of steps required to produce tolerance compensating element 1 and to establish a connection between two components using tolerance compensating element 1 is reduced, which also has a positive impact on production costs. Consequently, tolerance compensating element 1 is optimized compared to known tolerance compensating elements while maintaining the same properties in subsequent component connections.

[0102] The embodiment of the connection structure of the present invention is as follows Figure 18 It comprises a first component A to which a tolerance compensating element 1 is fastened and a second component B. The tolerance compensating element 1 is fixed to the first component A by means of a first plastic overmolding 5. In the present case, this fastening is performed by means of a base element 50 fastened to the first component A by means of gluing or the like.

[0103] In the connection structure, the tolerance compensation element 1 abuts the second component B via the abutment formed by the second plastic overmolding 7. The second component B is fastened by means of a nut 60 engaging with the second external thread 14. For this purpose, please refer to Figure 23 .

[0104] exist Figure 24 , a schematic diagram of the process flow of an embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing a tolerance compensating element 1 according to the invention is shown.

[0105] As a first step a), the method comprises providing a bolt 3 made of metal having a first driving feature 10, a first external thread 12 in a first thread direction, and a second external thread 14 in a second thread direction, wherein a protrusion 16 extending radially outward from the bolt 3 is provided between the first 10 and second external threads 14. The bolt 3 is preferably arranged in a mold of a plastic injection molding machine.

[0106] In step b, a portion of the first external thread 12 is now overmolded with a first plastic material. The resulting first plastic overmolded part 5 provides a fastening structure for fastening to the first component A.

[0107] Before, after or simultaneously with step b, the radially outwardly extending protrusions 16 of the bolt 3 are overmolded in step c using a second plastic material. The resulting second plastic overmolded part 7 provides an abutment portion which abuts the second component B when the tolerance compensating element 1 is used and is preferably formed in a plate-like shape.

[0108] The first and second plastic materials can be the same or different. When the same plastic material is used for the first plastic overmolding member 5 and the second plastic overmolding member 7, steps b and c can be performed simultaneously. This facilitates production. When two different plastic materials are used, step b or step c is performed first, followed by the remaining steps. In particular, the use of two different plastic materials allows for better adaptation to the respective application. An example of the plastic material for the first plastic overmolding member 5 and / or the second plastic overmolding member 7 is PA6 GF 30.

[0109] about Figure 25 A schematic diagram of the process flow of an embodiment of the method according to the present invention for connecting a first component A to a second component B using a tolerance compensating element 1 according to the present invention will now be described. The method first comprises step i, in which the tolerance compensating element 1 is fastened to the first component A via the first plastic overmolding 5. In a second step ii, the second component B is then positioned at a distance from the first component A. Subsequently, the bolt 1 is rotated against the starting torque L between the first plastic overmolding 5 and the first external thread 12 (step iii) until the abutment formed by the second plastic overmolding 7 abuts the second component B (step iv). Finally, in step v, a nut 60 is screwed onto the second external thread 14 to secure the second component B at a distance from the first component A.

[0110] Reference Signs List

[0111] 1Tolerance compensation element

[0112] 3 bolts

[0113] 5. First plastic packaging

[0114] 7. Second plastic packaging

[0115] 10 First driving characteristics

[0116] 12 First external thread

[0117] 14 Second external thread

[0118] 16 protrusions

[0119] 18 The thread side faces the side of the second plastic packaging part 7

[0120] 19 thread side faces away from the side of the second plastic packaging part 7

[0121] 20 Fastening structure

[0122] 22 protrusion perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bolt 3

[0123] 24 webs

[0124] 26 axial protrusion

[0125] 28 guide slots

[0126] 40 adjacent part

[0127] 42 curling crack

[0128] 50 base elements

[0129] 52 bottom

[0130] 54 sidewall

[0131] 56 protrusions

[0132] 58 groove structure

[0133] 60 nut

[0134] AFirst component

[0135] B. Second component

[0136] D The distance between the first plastic cover 5 and the second plastic cover 7

[0137] E reference line

[0138] L Starting torque

[0139] H Suppression torque

[0140] r radius

Claims

1. A tolerance compensating element (1) by means of which a distance tolerance between a first component (A) and a second component (B) can be compensated, wherein the tolerance compensating element (1) comprises: a. A bolt (3) made of metal having a first drive feature (10), a first external thread (12) in a first thread direction, and a second external thread (14) in a second thread direction, wherein b. Between the first external thread (12) and the second external thread (14), a protrusion (16) extending radially outward from the bolt (3) is provided, c. a first plastic overmolding (5) in the portion of the first external thread (12), which provides a fastening structure (20) for fastening to the first component (A), and d. a second plastic overmolding member (7) surrounding said radially outwardly extending protrusion (16), providing an abutment (40) abutting said second component (B) in use, wherein e. After overcoming the starting torque (L) between the first plastic covering (5) and the first external thread (12) in the longitudinal direction of the bolt (3), the distance (D) from the second plastic covering (7) to the first plastic covering (5) is changeable.

2. The tolerance compensating element (1) according to claim 1, wherein: The first plastic covering (5) is in the form of a fulcrum slider, a latch, or an adhesive pad.

3. The tolerance compensating element (1) according to claim 1, wherein The first external thread (12) is in a thread grooved manner and is asymmetrically configured.

4. The tolerance compensating element (1) according to claim 3, wherein: The side (18) of the thread flank of the first external thread (12) facing the second plastic overmolding part (7) encloses an angle α in the range of 7° to 12° with a reference line (E) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tolerance compensating element (1) and passing through the tip of the thread flank, and the side (19) of the thread flank facing away from the second plastic overmolding part (7) encloses an angle β in the range of 15° to 25° with the reference line (E), or the side (19) of the thread flank facing away from the second plastic overmolding part includes a radius r in the range of 0.2 times to 0.25 times the nominal diameter of the thread.

5. The tolerance compensating element (1) according to claim 1, wherein: The first drive feature (10) is disposed on an axial end adjacent to the second external thread (14).

6. The tolerance compensating element (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, further comprising a second drive feature arranged adjacent to the first external thread (12).

7. The tolerance compensating element (1) according to claim 1, wherein: Adjacent to the first external thread (12), the axial end of the bolt (3) is surrounded by the first plastic covering (5).

8. The tolerance compensating element (1) according to claim 1, wherein: The abutment (40) formed by the second plastic overmolding (7) comprises a sealing element on the side facing the second component (B).

9. The tolerance compensating element (1) according to claim 1, wherein: The first plastic covering member (5) and the second plastic covering member (7) are formed from the same plastic material or different plastic materials.

10. A first component (A) to which a tolerance compensating element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is fastened.

11. The first component (A) according to claim 10, wherein The tolerance compensation element (1) and the first plastic covering (5) are fastened via a base element (50) correspondingly configured on the first component (A) or an opening correspondingly designed on the first component (A).

12. A connection structure comprising a first component (A) and a second component (B), wherein the first component (A) is a component according to claim 10 or 11, whereby the tolerance compensation element (1) is fastened to or in the first component (A) by the first plastic overmolding part (5) and abuts against the second component (B) by the abutment portion (40), wherein: The second component (B) is fastened by a nut (60) engaged with the second external thread (14).

13. A method for producing a tolerance compensating element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps: a. providing a bolt (3) made of metal, the bolt comprising a first driving feature (10), a first external thread (12) in a first thread direction, and a second external thread (14) in a second thread direction, wherein a protrusion (16) extending radially outward from the bolt (3) is provided between the first external thread (12) and the second external thread (14), b. overmolding the first external thread (12) portion using a first plastic material, wherein the first plastic overmolded member (5) provides a fastening structure (20) for fastening to the first component (A), and c. Overmoulding a radially outwardly extending protrusion (16) using a second plastic material, wherein the second plastic overmould (7) provides an abutment (40) against the second component (B) in use.

14. The production method according to claim 13, wherein The first plastic material and the second plastic material are the same or different.

15. A method for connecting a first component (A) to a second component (B) via a tolerance compensation element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps: a. fastening the tolerance compensation element (1) to the first component (A) via the first plastic overmolding member (5), b. Arranging the second member (B) at a distance from the first member; c. Overcoming the starting torque (L) between the first plastic overmolding part (5) and the first external thread (12), and rotating the bolt (3) until the abutment (40) formed by the second plastic overmolding part (7) abuts the second part (B), and then, d. Screwing a nut (60) onto the second external thread (14) to secure the second component (B) at a distance from the first component (A).

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