Provide relevant data items based on context

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to providing relevant data items based on context. Systems and processes for operating an intelligent automated assistant are provided. In one example, multiple data items selected by a user are received, wherein multiple confidence values ​​corresponding to the multiple data items are identified. The multiple data items are sorted. A first data item is displayed, and updated context information associated with an electronic device is received. An update to the multiple confidence values ​​is detected, wherein the updated multiple confidence values ​​include a third confidence value associated with a third data item in the sorted multiple data items. Based on determining that the third confidence value is higher than the first confidence value of the first data item, the order of the sorted multiple data items is modified, and the third data item in the sorted multiple data items is displayed.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the Chinese invention patent application with an application date of May 11, 2021, a national application number of 202110513252.4, and an invention name of “Providing relevant data items based on context”. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates generally to intelligent automated assistants, and more particularly to providing relevant data items based on context. Background Art

[0003] Intelligent automated assistants (or digital assistants) can provide a favorable interface between human users and electronic devices. Such assistants can allow users to interact with devices or systems using natural language in voice form and / or text form. For example, a user can provide a voice input containing a user request to a digital assistant running on an electronic device. The digital assistant can interpret the user's intent from the voice input and operationalize the user's intent into tasks. These tasks can then be performed by executing one or more services of the electronic device, and relevant output in response to the user's request can be returned to the user.

[0004] Electronic devices are often able to access a large amount of information and other data that a user may find particularly relevant based on a given context. For example, such data may reside on the electronic device, such as user information related to calendar appointments, frequently used applications or related tasks, user-created media such as photos and videos, etc. This information may also be received from external sources, such as weather updates or breaking news information. However, conventional systems are not well equipped to selectively provide this information to users in an efficient and complex manner. For example, traditional electronic devices cannot effectively display relevant information to users based on the device context, such as related device applications, predictions of tasks, or related browsable information. Therefore, there is a need for an improved system for providing relevant data items based on context. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides systems and processes for operating an intelligent automated assistant. In one example, a plurality of data items selected by a user are received, wherein a plurality of confidence values ​​corresponding to the plurality of data items are identified. The plurality of data items are sorted, wherein a first data item is displayed, and updated context information associated with an electronic device is received. An update to the plurality of confidence values ​​is detected, wherein the updated plurality of confidence values ​​include a third confidence value associated with a third data item in the sorted plurality of data items. Based on determining that the third confidence value is higher than the first confidence value of the first data item, the order of the sorted plurality of data items is modified, and the third data item in the sorted plurality of data items is displayed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006] Figure 1 A block diagram is shown of a system and environment for implementing a digital assistant according to various examples.

[0007] Figure 2A A block diagram of a portable multifunction device that implements the client-side portion of a digital assistant according to various examples is shown.

[0008] Figure 2B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event processing according to various examples.

[0009] Figure 3 A portable multifunction device implementing the client-side portion of a digital assistant according to various examples is shown.

[0010] Figure 4 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface according to various examples.

[0011] Figure 5A An exemplary user interface of a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device is shown according to various examples.

[0012] Figure 5B An exemplary user interface for a multifunction device having a touch-sensitive surface separate from the display is shown according to various examples.

[0013] Fig. 6A A personal electronic device according to various examples is shown.

[0014] Figure 6B A block diagram illustrating a personal electronic device according to various examples is shown.

[0015] 7A to 7E A system for providing relevant data items based on context according to various examples is shown.

[0016] Figure 8 A system for providing relevant data items based on context according to various examples is shown.

[0017] Fig. 9 A system for providing relevant data items based on context according to various examples is shown.

[0018] FIG. 10A to FIG. 10B Processes for providing relevant data items based on context according to various examples are shown.

[0019] Fig.11 Processes for providing relevant data items based on context according to various examples are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In the following description of the examples, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings, in which specific examples that may be implemented are shown by way of illustration. It should be understood that other examples may be used and structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the various examples.

[0021] Conventional techniques for providing relevant data items based on context are generally lacking in effectiveness. Specifically, conventional systems are not well equipped and cannot display relevant data items to users based on context, let alone provide continuously updated data items for users to view and select based on the constantly changing device context. The device context may change rapidly due to global events or other environmental changes (such as breaking news (e.g., news related to sports, politics, natural disasters, etc.), weather events (e.g., upcoming storms, hail warnings, etc.), and other important events such as emergency public service announcements and government notifications). For example, several highly relevant data items may be used to display to users (e.g., calendar events, tasks to call friends, and application predictions). Conventional devices cannot effectively display these data items to users, let alone determine which items to display and in what order. In addition, these devices do not provide user interfaces and underlying logic to allow users to effectively navigate through such data items.

[0022] Although the following description uses the terms "first," "second," etc. to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by the terms. These terms are simply used to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the various described examples, a first input may be referred to as a second input, and similarly, a second input may be referred to as a first input. Both the first input and the second input are inputs, and in some cases are independent and different inputs.

[0023] The terms used in the description of the various examples described herein are only for the purpose of describing specific examples and are not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various examples described and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to also include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term "and / or" used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will also be understood that the term "includes", "including", "comprises" and / or "comprising" when used in this specification specifies the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or parts, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, parts and / or their groupings.

[0024] Depending on the context, the term "if" may be interpreted to mean "when" or "upon" or "in response to determining" or "in response to detecting." Similarly, the phrases "if it is determined that ..." or "if [a stated condition or event] is detected" may be interpreted to mean "upon determining that ..." or "in response to determining that ..." or "upon detecting [a stated condition or event]" or "in response to detecting [a stated condition or event]," depending on the context.

[0025] 1. System and Environment

[0026] Figure 1 A block diagram of a system 100 according to various examples is shown. In some examples, the system 100 implements a digital assistant. The terms "digital assistant," "virtual assistant," "intelligent automated assistant," or "automatic digital assistant" refer to any information processing system that interprets natural language input in spoken and / or textual form to infer user intent and performs actions based on the inferred user intent. For example, to act on an inferred user intent, the system performs one or more of the following steps: identifying a task flow with steps and parameters designed to implement the inferred user intent, inputting specific requirements into the task flow based on the inferred user intent; executing the task flow by calling a program, method, service, API, etc.; and generating an output response to the user in an audible (e.g., voice) and / or visual form.

[0027] Specifically, the digital assistant is capable of accepting user requests in the form of at least partly natural language commands, requests, statements, narrations and / or inquiries. Typically, the user requests to seek an informative answer or to perform a task from the digital assistant. A satisfactory response to the user's request includes providing the requested informative answer, performing the requested task, or a combination of the two. For example, the user asks the digital assistant a question, such as "Where am I now?" Based on the user's current location, the digital assistant answers "You are near the West Gate of Central Park." The user also requests to perform a task, such as "Please invite my friends to my girlfriend's birthday party next week." In response, the digital assistant can confirm the request by saying "OK, right away", and then send a suitable calendar invitation to each of the user's friends listed in the user's electronic address book on behalf of the user. During the execution of the requested task, the digital assistant sometimes interacts with the user in a continuous dialogue involving multiple information exchanges over a long period of time. There are many other methods of interacting with the digital assistant to request information or perform various tasks. In addition to providing verbal responses and taking programmed actions, the digital assistant also provides responses in other video or audio forms, such as text, alarms, music, videos, animations, etc.

[0028] like Figure 1As shown, in some examples, the digital assistant is implemented according to a client-server model. The digital assistant includes a client-side portion 102 (hereinafter referred to as "DA client 102") executed on a user device 104 and a server-side portion 106 (hereinafter referred to as "DA server 106") executed on a server system 108. The DA client 102 communicates with the DA server 106 via one or more networks 110. The DA client 102 provides client-side functionality, such as user-oriented input and output processing, and communication with the DA server 106. The DA server 106 provides server-side functionality for any number of DA clients 102, each located on a corresponding user device 104.

[0029] In some examples, the DA server 106 includes a client-facing I / O interface 112, one or more processing modules 114, data and models 116, and an I / O interface 118 to external services. The client-facing I / O interface 112 facilitates client-facing input and output processing of the DA server 106. One or more processing modules 114 utilize the data and models 116 to process voice input and determine user intent based on natural language input. In addition, one or more processing modules 114 perform task execution based on inferred user intent. In some examples, the DA server 106 communicates with external services 120 via one or more networks 110 to complete tasks or collect information. The I / O interface 118 to external services facilitates such communications.

[0030] User device 104 can be any suitable electronic device. In some examples, user device 104 is a portable multi-function device (e.g., Figure 2A The device 200), a multifunctional device (eg, as described below) Figure 4 The device 400) or a personal electronic device (eg, as described below) FIG. 6A to FIG. 6B The portable multifunction device is, for example, a mobile phone that also includes other functions (such as a PDA and / or a music player function). Specific examples of portable multifunction devices include the Apple Watch from Apple Inc. (Cupertino, California). ® , iPhone ® iPod Touch ® and iPad ®Device. Other examples of portable multifunction devices include, but are not limited to, earbuds / headphones, speakers, and laptops or tablets. In addition, in some examples, user device 104 is a non-portable multifunction device. Specifically, user device 104 is a desktop computer, a game console, a speaker, a television, or a television set-top box. In some examples, user device 104 includes a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and / or a touchpad). In addition, user device 104 optionally includes one or more other physical user interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse, and / or a joystick. Various examples of electronic devices such as multifunction devices are described in more detail below.

[0031] Examples of the one or more communication networks 110 include a local area network (LAN) and a wide area network (WAN), such as the Internet. The one or more communication networks 110 are implemented using any known network protocol, including various wired or wireless protocols, such as Ethernet, Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, or any other suitable communication protocol.

[0032] The server system 108 is implemented on one or more stand-alone data processing devices or distributed computer networks. In some examples, the server system 108 also uses various virtual devices and / or services of third-party service providers (e.g., third-party cloud service providers) to provide the potential computing resources and / or infrastructure resources of the server system 108.

[0033] In some examples, the user device 104 communicates with the DA server 106 via a second user device 122. The second user device 122 is similar or identical to the user device 104. For example, the second user device 122 is similar to the user device 104 described below with reference to Figure 2A , Figure 4 as well as FIG. 6A to FIG. 6BThe device 200, 400 or 600 described. The user device 104 is configured to be communicatively coupled to the second user device 122 via a direct communication connection (such as, Bluetooth, NFC, BTLE, etc.) or via a wired or wireless network (such as, a local Wi-Fi network). In some examples, the second user device 122 is configured to act as a proxy between the user device 104 and the DA server 106. For example, the DA client 102 of the user device 104 is configured to transmit information (e.g., a user request received at the user device 104) to the DA server 106 via the second user device 122. The DA server 106 processes the information and returns relevant data (e.g., data content in response to the user request) to the user device 104 via the second user device 122.

[0034] In some examples, the user device 104 is configured to send an abbreviated request for data to a second user device 122 to reduce the amount of information transmitted from the user device 104. The second user device 122 is configured to determine supplemental information to add to the abbreviated request to generate a complete request for transmission to the DA server 106. The system architecture can advantageously allow user devices 104 with limited communication capabilities and / or limited battery power (e.g., a watch or similar compact electronic device) to access services provided by the DA server 106 by using a second user device 122 (e.g., a mobile phone, laptop, tablet, etc.) with greater communication capabilities and / or battery power as a proxy to the DA server 106. Although Figure 1 Only two user devices 104 and 122 are shown, but it should be understood that in some examples, the system 100 may include any number and type of user devices configured to communicate with the DA server system 106 in this proxy configuration.

[0035] Although Figure 1 The digital assistant shown in includes both a client-side portion (e.g., DA client 102) and a server-side portion (e.g., DA server 106), but in some examples, the functionality of the digital assistant is implemented as a stand-alone application installed on a user device. In addition, the division of functionality between the client portion and the server portion of the digital assistant may vary in different specific implementations. For example, in some examples, the DA client is a thin client that only provides user-oriented input and output processing functions and delegates all other functions of the digital assistant to a back-end server.

[0036] 2. Electronic devices

[0037] Attention now turns to embodiments of electronic devices for implementing the client-side portion of a digital assistant. Figure 2Ais a block diagram showing a portable multifunction device 200 with a touch-sensitive display system 212 according to some embodiments. The touch-sensitive display 212 is sometimes referred to as a "touch screen" for convenience, and is sometimes referred to as or referred to as a "touch-sensitive display system." The device 200 includes a memory 202 (which optionally includes one or more computer-readable storage media), a memory controller 222, one or more processing units (CPUs) 220, a peripheral device interface 218, an RF circuit 208, an audio circuit 210, a speaker 211, a microphone 213, an input / output (I / O) subsystem 206, other input control devices 216, and an external port 224. The device 200 optionally includes one or more optical sensors 264. The device 200 optionally includes one or more contact intensity sensors 265 for detecting the intensity of contact on the device 200 (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface of the device 200 such as the touch-sensitive display system 212). Device 200 optionally includes one or more tactile output generators 267 for generating tactile output on device 200 (e.g., generating tactile output on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system 212 of device 200 or touch pad 455 of device 400). These components optionally communicate via one or more communication buses or signal lines 203.

[0038] As used in this specification and claims, the term "intensity" of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on the touch-sensitive surface, or to a surrogate (surrogate) of the force or pressure of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The intensity of a contact has a range of values ​​that includes at least four different values ​​and more typically includes hundreds of different values ​​(e.g., at least 256). The intensity of a contact is optionally determined (or measured) using various methods and various sensors or combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors below or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are optionally used to measure the force at different points on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., weighted average) to determine an estimated contact force. Similarly, the pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is optionally used to determine the pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on the touch-sensitive surface and / or its change, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface near the contact and / or its change, and / or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface near the contact and / or its change are optionally used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the substitute measurement of the contact force or pressure is used directly to determine whether the intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in units corresponding to the substitute measurement). In some embodiments, the substitute measurement of the contact force or pressure is converted into an estimated force or pressure, and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether the intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure). Using the intensity of the contact as an attribute of the user input allows the user to access additional device functions that would otherwise be inaccessible to the user on a smaller device with limited real estate, which is used to display an enable indication (e.g., on a touch-sensitive display) and / or receive user input (e.g., via a touch-sensitive display, a touch-sensitive surface, or a physical control / mechanical control, such as a knob or button).

[0039] As used in this specification and claims, the term "tactile output" refers to a physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, a physical displacement of a component of the device (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) relative to another component of the device (e.g., a housing), or a displacement of a component relative to the center of mass of the device, which will be detected by a user using the user's sense of touch. For example, in the case where a device or a component of the device is in contact with a user's touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of the user's hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in a physical characteristic of the device or component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is optionally interpreted by the user as a "press click" or "release click" to a physical actuation button. In some cases, the user will feel a tactile sensation, such as a "press click" or "release click", even when the physical actuation button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user's movement does not move. As another example, even when there is no change in the smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface, movement of the touch-sensitive surface may optionally be interpreted or sensed by the user as "roughness" of the touch-sensitive surface. Although such a user's interpretation of touch will be limited by the user's individualized sensory perceptions, many sensory perceptions of touch are common to most users. Therefore, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., "press click," "release click," "roughness"), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to a physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that would generate that sensory perception for a typical (or average) user.

[0040] It should be understood that device 200 is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device 200 optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. Figure 2A The various components shown in the drawings are implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software (including one or more signal processing and / or application specific integrated circuits).

[0041] The memory 202 includes one or more computer-readable storage media. These computer-readable storage media are, for example, tangible and non-transitory. The memory 202 includes a high-speed random access memory and also includes a non-volatile memory, such as one or more disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. The memory controller 222 controls other components of the device 200 to access the memory 202.

[0042] In some examples, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of memory 202 is used to store instructions (e.g., for performing various aspects of the processes described below) for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, a system containing a processor, or other system that can fetch instructions from an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. In other examples, the instructions (e.g., for performing various aspects of the processes described below) are stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium (not shown) of server system 108, or are divided between the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of memory 202 and the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of server system 108.

[0043] The peripheral device interface 218 is used to couple the input and output peripheral devices of the device to the CPU 220 and the memory 202. The one or more processors 220 run or execute various software programs and / or instruction sets stored in the memory 202 to perform various functions of the device 200 and process data. In some embodiments, the peripheral device interface 218, the CPU 220, and the memory controller 222 are implemented on a single chip such as the chip 204. In some other embodiments, they are implemented on separate chips.

[0044] RF (radio frequency) circuit 208 receives and sends RF signals, also referred to as electromagnetic signals. RF circuit 208 converts electrical signals into / converts electromagnetic signals into electrical signals, and communicates with communication networks and other communication devices via electromagnetic signals. RF circuit 208 optionally includes well-known circuits for performing these functions, including but not limited to antenna systems, RF transceivers, one or more amplifiers, tuners, one or more oscillators, digital signal processors, codec chipsets, user identity modules (SIM) cards, memories, and the like. RF circuit 208 optionally communicates with networks and other devices via wireless communications, such as the Internet (also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW)), intranets, and / or wireless networks (such as cellular telephone networks, wireless local area networks (LANs), and / or metropolitan area networks (MANs)). RF circuit 208 optionally includes well-known circuits for detecting near field communication (NFC) fields, such as through short-range communication radio components. Wireless communication optionally uses any of a variety of communication standards, protocols and technologies, including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), High Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), High Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Near Field Communication (NFC), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BTLE), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11d), IEEE 802.11e, IEEE 802.11f, IEEE 802.11f, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n and / or IEEE 802.11ac), Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, email protocols (e.g., Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) and / or Post Office Protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Utilizing Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)) and / or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communications protocol, including communications protocols that have not yet been developed as of the filing date of this document.

[0045] The audio circuit 210, speaker 211, and microphone 213 provide an audio interface between a user and the device 200. The audio circuit 210 receives audio data from the peripheral device interface 218, converts the audio data into electrical signals, and transmits the electrical signals to the speaker 211. The speaker 211 converts the electrical signals into sound waves audible to humans. The audio circuit 210 also receives electrical signals converted from sound waves by the microphone 213. The audio circuit 210 converts the electrical signals into audio data and transmits the audio data to the peripheral device interface 218 for processing. The audio data is retrieved from and / or transmitted to the memory 202 and / or the RF circuit 208 via the peripheral device interface 218. In some embodiments, the audio circuit 210 also includes a headset jack (e.g., Figure 3 The headset jack provides an interface between the audio circuit 210 and a removable audio input / output peripheral device, such as an output-only headset or a headset with both output (e.g., a single-ear headset or a dual-ear headset) and input (e.g., a microphone).

[0046] The I / O subsystem 206 couples input / output peripherals on the device 200, such as a touch screen 212 and other input control devices 216, to a peripheral device interface 218. The I / O subsystem 206 optionally includes a display controller 256, an optical sensor controller 258, an intensity sensor controller 259, a tactile feedback controller 261, and one or more input controllers 260 for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers 260 receive / send electrical signals from / to other input control devices 216. The other input control devices 216 optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slide switches, joysticks, click wheels, etc. In some alternative embodiments, the input controller 260 is optionally coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, an infrared port, a USB port, and a pointing device such as a mouse. One or more buttons (e.g., Figure 3 308 in the example) optionally includes an up / down button for volume control of the speaker 211 and / or the microphone 213. The one or more buttons optionally include a push button (e.g., Figure 3 306 in the ).

[0047] A quick press of the push button may disengage the lock of the touch screen 212 or begin the process of using gestures on the touch screen to unlock the device, as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 11 / 322,549, filed on December 23, 2005, entitled "Unlocking a Device by Performing Gestures on an Unlock Image," which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. A longer press of the push button (e.g., 306) may turn the device 200 on or off. The user may customize the function of one or more buttons. The touch screen 212 is used to implement virtual or soft buttons and one or more soft keyboards.

[0048] The touch-sensitive display 212 provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and the user. The display controller 256 receives electrical signals from the touch screen 212 and / or sends electrical signals to the touch screen 212. The touch screen 212 displays visual output to the user. The visual output includes graphics, text, icons, videos, and any combination thereof (collectively referred to as "graphics"). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output corresponds to user interface objects.

[0049] The touch screen 212 has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor, or sensor group that accepts input from a user based on tactile and / or haptic contact. The touch screen 212 and display controller 256 (together with any associated modules and / or instruction sets in memory 202) detect contact (and any movement or interruption of the contact) on the touch screen 212 and convert the detected contact into interaction with a user interface object (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages, or images) displayed on the touch screen 212. In an exemplary embodiment, the point of contact between the touch screen 212 and the user corresponds to the user's finger.

[0050] The touch screen 212 uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies may be used in other embodiments. The touch screen 212 and display controller 256 use any of a variety of touch sensing technologies currently known or later developed, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with the touch screen 212 to detect contact and any movement or interruption thereof, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies. In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as in the iPhone 50 from Apple Inc. (Cupertino, California). ® and iPod Touch ® The technology used in

[0051] In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive display of the touch screen 212 is similar to the multi-touch-sensitive trackpads described in U.S. Patents 6,323,846 (Westerman et al.), 6,570,557 (Westerman et al.), and / or 6,677,932 (Westerman) and / or U.S. Patent Publication 2002 / 0015024A1, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. However, the touch screen 212 displays visual output from the device 200, whereas the touch-sensitive trackpad does not provide visual output.

[0052] In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive display of the touch screen 212 is as described in the following applications: (1) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11 / 381,313, filed May 2, 2006, entitled “Multipoint Touch Surface Controller”; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10 / 840,862, filed May 6, 2004, entitled “Multipoint Touchscreen”; (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10 / 903,964, filed July 30, 2004, entitled “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices”; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11 / 048,264, filed January 31, 2005, entitled “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices”; (5) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11 / 038,590, filed January 18, 2005, entitled “Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices”; (6) U.S. Patent Application No. 11 / 228,758, filed on September 16, 2005, entitled "Virtual Input Device Placement On A Touch Screen User Interface"; (7) U.S. Patent Application No. 11 / 228,700, filed on September 16, 2005, entitled "Operation Of A Computer With A Touch Screen Interface"; (8) U.S. Patent Application No. 11 / 228,737, filed on September 16, 2005, entitled "Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen Virtual Keyboard"; and (9) U.S. Patent Application No. 11 / 367,749, filed on March 3, 2006, entitled "Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device." All of these applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0053] The touch screen 212 has, for example, a video resolution of more than 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of about 160 dpi. The user contacts the touch screen 212 using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, etc. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily through finger-based contacts and gestures, which may not be as precise as stylus-based input due to the larger contact area of ​​a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device converts a rough finger-based input into a precise pointer / cursor position or command for performing the desired action of the user.

[0054] In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, the device 200 also includes a touch pad (not shown) for activating or deactivating specific functions. In some embodiments, the touch pad is a touch-sensitive area of ​​the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touch pad is a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the touch screen 212 or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen.

[0055] Device 200 also includes a power system 262 for powering the various components. Power system 262 includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., batteries, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, power fault detection circuits, power converters or inverters, power status indicators (e.g., light emitting diodes (LEDs)), and any other components associated with the generation, management, and distribution of power in a portable device.

[0056] The device 200 also includes one or more optical sensors 264 . Figure 2A An optical sensor coupled to an optical sensor controller 258 in the I / O subsystem 206 is shown. The optical sensor 264 includes a charge coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistor. The optical sensor 264 receives light projected through one or more lenses from the environment and converts the light into data representing an image. In conjunction with the imaging module 243 (also called a camera module), the optical sensor 264 captures a still image or a video. In some embodiments, the optical sensor is located at the rear of the device 200, opposite to the touch screen display 212 at the front of the device, so that the touch screen display is used as a viewfinder for still images and / or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, the optical sensor is located at the front of the device so that the image of the user is obtained for video conferencing while the user is viewing other video conference participants on the touch screen display. In some embodiments, the position of the optical sensor 264 can be changed by the user (e.g., by rotating the lens and sensor in the device housing) so that a single optical sensor 264 is used with the touch screen display for both video conferencing and still image and / or video image acquisition.

[0057] Device 200 optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors 265 . Figure 2A A contact force sensor is shown coupled to a force sensor controller 259 in the I / O subsystem 206. The contact force sensor 265 optionally includes one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electrical force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other force sensors (e.g., sensors for measuring the force (or pressure) of contact on a touch-sensitive surface). The contact force sensor 265 receives contact force information (e.g., pressure information or a surrogate for pressure information) from the environment. In some embodiments, at least one contact force sensor is juxtaposed or adjacent to a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system 212). In some embodiments, at least one contact force sensor is located on the rear of the device 200, opposite the touch screen display 212 located on the front of the device 200.

[0058] Device 200 also includes one or more proximity sensors 266 . Figure 2A A proximity sensor 266 is shown coupled to the peripherals interface 218. Alternatively, the proximity sensor 266 is coupled to the input controller 260 in the I / O subsystem 206. The proximity sensor 266 is implemented as described in the following U.S. patent applications: 11 / 241,839, entitled "Proximity Detector In Handheld Device"; 11 / 240,788, entitled "Proximity Detector In Handheld Device"; 11 / 620,702, entitled "Using Ambient Light Sensor To Augment Proximity Sensor Output"; 11 / 586,862, entitled "Automated Response To And Sensing Of User Activity In Portable Devices"; and 11 / 638,251, entitled "Methods And Systems For Automatic Configuration Of Peripherals", which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, when the multifunction device is placed near the user's ear (eg, when the user is on a phone call), the proximity sensor turns off and the touch screen 212 is disabled.

[0059] Device 200 optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators 267. Figure 2AA tactile output generator is shown coupled to a tactile feedback controller 261 in the I / O subsystem 206. The tactile output generator 267 optionally includes one or more electroacoustic devices such as a speaker or other audio component; and / or an electromechanical device for converting energy into linear motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., a component for converting an electrical signal into a tactile output on the device). The contact force sensor 265 receives tactile feedback generation instructions from the tactile feedback module 233 and generates a tactile output on the device 200 that can be felt by a user of the device 200. In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator is arranged in parallel or adjacent to a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display system 212) and optionally generates tactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g., inward / outward of the surface of the device 200) or laterally (e.g., backward and forward in the same plane as the surface of the device 200). In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back of the device 200, opposite the touch screen display 212 located on the front of the device 200.

[0060] Device 200 also includes one or more accelerometers 268 . Figure 2A An accelerometer 268 is shown coupled to the peripheral device interface 218. Alternatively, the accelerometer 268 is coupled to the input controller 260 in the I / O subsystem 206. The accelerometer 268 performs as described in the following U.S. patent publications: U.S. Patent Publication No. 20050190059, "Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for Portable Electronic Devices" and U.S. Patent Publication No. 20060017692, "Methods And Apparatuses For Operating A Portable Device Based On An Accelerometer", both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, information is displayed in a portrait view or a landscape view on the touch screen display based on analysis of data received from one or more accelerometers. The device 200 optionally includes a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) in addition to one or more accelerometers 268 for obtaining information about the position and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of the device 200.

[0061] In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory 202 include an operating system 226, a communication module (or instruction set) 228, a contact / motion module (or instruction set) 230, a graphics module (or instruction set) 232, a text input module (or instruction set) 234, a global positioning system (GPS) module (or instruction set) 235, a digital assistant client module 229, and an application (or instruction set) 236. In addition, memory 202 stores data and models, such as user data and models 231. In addition, in some embodiments, memory 202 ( Figure 2A ) or 470 ( Figure 4 ) Storage device / global internal state 257, such as Figure 2A and Figure 4 . The device / global internal state 257 includes one or more of the following: an active application state, which indicates which applications (if any) are currently active; a display state, which indicates what applications, views, or other information occupy various areas of the touch screen display 212; a sensor state, including information obtained from the device's various sensors and input control devices 216; and position information about the device's position and / or posture.

[0062] The operating system 226 (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, iOS, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and / or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.), and facilitating communication between various hardware components and software components.

[0063] The communication module 228 facilitates communication with other devices through one or more external ports 224, and also includes various software components for processing data received by the RF circuit 208 and / or the external port 224. The external port 224 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FireWire, etc.) is suitable for coupling directly to other devices, or indirectly through a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is connected to an iPod ® (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices.

[0064] The contact / motion module 230 optionally detects contact with the touch screen 212 (in conjunction with the display controller 256) and other touch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). The contact / motion module 230 includes various software components for performing various operations related to contact detection, such as determining whether contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger press event), determining the contact strength (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact, or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact), determining whether there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger drag events), and determining whether the contact has stopped (e.g., detecting a finger lift event or contact disconnection). The contact / motion module 230 receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining the movement of the contact point optionally includes determining the rate (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and / or acceleration (change in magnitude and / or direction) of the contact point, the movement of the contact point being represented by a series of contact data. These operations are optionally applied to a single point of contact (e.g., a single finger contact) or multiple points of simultaneous contact (e.g., "multi-touch" / multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, the contact / motion module 230 and display controller 256 detect contact on the touch pad.

[0065] In some embodiments, the contact / motion module 230 uses a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an action has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has "clicked" an icon). In some embodiments, at least a subset of the intensity thresholds are determined based on software parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholds of specific physical actuators and can be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of the device 200). For example, without changing the touchpad or touchscreen display hardware, the mouse "click" threshold of a touchpad or touchscreen can be set to any one of a large range of predefined thresholds. In addition, in some specific implementations, a software setting is provided to the user of the device for adjusting one or more intensity thresholds in a set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds and / or by utilizing a system-level click on an "intensity" parameter to adjust multiple intensity thresholds at once).

[0066] The contact / motion module 230 optionally detects gesture input by the user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and / or intensities of the detected contacts). Therefore, gestures are optionally detected by detecting specific contact patterns. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger press event, and then detecting a finger lift (lift-off) event at the same location (or substantially the same location) as the finger press event (e.g., at the location of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger press event, then detecting one or more finger drag events, and then detecting a finger lift (lift-off) event.

[0067] The graphics module 232 includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on the touch screen 212 or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast, or other visual characteristics) of the displayed graphics. As used herein, the term "graphics" includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including, without limitation, text, web pages, icons (such as user interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations, etc.

[0068] In some embodiments, the graphics module 232 stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is optionally assigned a corresponding code. The graphics module 232 receives one or more codes specifying the graphics to be displayed from an application program, etc., along with coordinate data and other graphic attribute data if necessary, and then generates screen image data to be output to the display controller 256.

[0069] The tactile feedback module 233 includes various software components for generating instructions used by the one or more tactile output generators 267 to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations on the device 200 in response to user interaction with the device 200 .

[0070] Text input module 234, which in some examples is a component of graphics module 232, provides a soft keyboard for entering text in various applications (eg, contacts 237, email 240, IM 241, browser 247, and any other application requiring text input).

[0071] The GPS module 235 determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to the phone 238 for use in location-based dialing; to the camera 243 as picture / video metadata; and to applications that provide location-based services, such as the Weather widget, the Local Pages widget, and the Maps / Navigation widget).

[0072] The digital assistant client module 229 includes various client-side digital assistant instructions to provide the client-side functions of the digital assistant. For example, the digital assistant client module 229 can accept sound input (e.g., voice input), text input, touch input and / or gesture input through various user interfaces of the portable multifunction device 200 (e.g., microphone 213, one or more accelerometers 268, touch-sensitive display system 212, one or more optical sensors 264, other input control devices 216, etc.). The digital assistant client module 229 can also provide output in the form of audio (e.g., voice output), output in the form of visual output and / or output in the form of tactile output through various output interfaces of the portable multifunction device 200 (e.g., speaker 211, touch-sensitive display system 212, one or more tactile output generators 267, etc.). For example, the output is provided as voice, sound, alarm, text message, menu, graphic, video, animation, vibration and / or a combination of two or more of the above. During operation, the digital assistant client module 229 communicates with the DA server 106 using the RF circuit 208.

[0073] User data and models 231 include various data associated with the user (e.g., user-specific vocabulary data, user preference data, user-specified name pronunciations, data from the user's electronic address book, to-do items, shopping lists, etc.) to provide the client-side functionality of the digital assistant. In addition, user data and models 231 include various models for processing user input and determining user intent (e.g., speech recognition models, statistical language models, natural language processing models, knowledge ontologies, task flow models, service models, etc.).

[0074] In some examples, the digital assistant client module 229 utilizes the various sensors, subsystems, and peripherals of the portable multifunction device 200 to collect additional information from the surrounding environment of the portable multifunction device 200 to establish a context associated with the user, the current user interaction, and / or the current user input. In some examples, the digital assistant client module 229 provides the context information, or a subset thereof, to the DA server 106 along with the user input to help infer the user's intent. In some examples, the digital assistant also uses the context information to determine how to prepare and transmit output to the user. The context information is referred to as context data.

[0075] In some examples, contextual information accompanying the user input includes sensor information, such as lighting, ambient noise, ambient temperature, images or videos of the surrounding environment, etc. In some examples, the contextual information may also include the physical state of the device, such as device orientation, device location, device temperature, power level, speed, acceleration, motion pattern, cellular signal strength, etc. In some examples, information related to the software state of the DA server 106, such as the running process of the portable multifunction device 200, installed programs, past and current network activities, background services, error logs, resource usage, etc., is provided to the DA server 106 as contextual information associated with the user input.

[0076] In some examples, the digital assistant client module 229 selectively provides information stored on the portable multifunction device 200 (e.g., user data 231) in response to a request from the DA server 106. In some examples, the digital assistant client module 229 also elicits additional input from the user via a natural language dialog or other user interface upon request by the DA server 106. The digital assistant client module 229 communicates the additional input to the DA server 106 to assist the DA server 106 in inferring intent and / or implementing the user intent expressed in the user request.

[0077] Reference below FIG. 7A to FIG. 7C A more detailed description of the digital assistant is provided. It should be appreciated that the digital assistant client module 229 may include any number of sub-modules of the digital assistant module 726 described below.

[0078] The application 236 includes the following modules (or instruction sets) or a subset or superset thereof:

[0079] • Contacts module 237 (sometimes referred to as address book or contact list);

[0080] • Telephone module 238;

[0081] • Video conferencing module 239;

[0082] • Email client module 240;

[0083] • Instant Messaging (IM) module 241;

[0084] • Fitness support module 242;

[0085] • A camera module 243 for still images and / or video images;

[0086] • Image management module 244;

[0087] •Video player module;

[0088] •Music player module;

[0089] • Browser module 247;

[0090] • Calendar module 248;

[0091] • widget module 249, which in some examples includes one or more of the following: weather widget 249-1, stock widget 249-2, calculator widget 249-3, alarm clock widget 249-4, dictionary widget 249-5, and other widgets acquired by the user and widgets created by the user 249-6;

[0092] • a widget creator module 250 for forming a user-created widget 249-6;

[0093] • Search module 251;

[0094] • Video and music player module 252, which merges the video player module and the music player module;

[0095] • Notepad module 253;

[0096] • Map module 254; and / or

[0097] • Online video module 255.

[0098] Examples of other applications 236 stored in memory 202 include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, rendering applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice reproduction.

[0099] In combination with the touch screen 212, display controller 256, touch / motion module 230, graphics module 232, and text input module 234, the contact module 237 is used to manage an address book or contact list (for example, stored in the application internal state 292 of the contact module 237 in memory 202 or memory 470), including: adding one or more names to the address book; deleting names from the address book; associating telephone numbers, email addresses, physical addresses, or other information with names; associating images with names; categorizing and classifying names; providing telephone numbers or email addresses to initiate and / or facilitate communications via telephone 238, video conferencing module 239, email 240, or IM 241; and the like.

[0100] In conjunction with RF circuit 208, audio circuit 210, speaker 211, microphone 213, touch screen 212, display controller 256, contact / motion module 230, graphics module 232, and text input module 234, phone module 238 is used to enter a character sequence corresponding to a phone number, access one or more phone numbers in contact module 237, modify an already entered phone number, dial a corresponding phone number, conduct a conversation, and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As described above, wireless communications use any of a variety of communication standards, protocols, and technologies.

[0101] In combination with the RF circuit 208, the audio circuit 210, the speaker 211, the microphone 213, the touch screen 212, the display controller 256, the optical sensor 264, the optical sensor controller 258, the contact / motion module 230, the graphics module 232, the text input module 234, the contact module 237 and the telephone module 238, the video conferencing module 239 includes executable instructions for initiating, conducting and terminating a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions.

[0102] In conjunction with RF circuit 208, touch screen 212, display controller 256, contact / motion module 230, graphics module 232, and text input module 234, email client module 240 includes executable instructions for creating, sending, receiving, and managing emails in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module 244, email client module 240 makes it very easy to create and send emails with still images or video images captured by camera module 243.

[0103] In conjunction with the RF circuit 208, the touch screen 212, the display controller 256, the contact / motion module 230, the graphics module 232, and the text input module 234, the instant messaging module 241 includes executable instructions for the following operations: inputting a character sequence corresponding to an instant message, modifying previously input characters, transmitting the corresponding instant message (e.g., using a short message service (SMS) or multimedia message service (MMS) protocol for phone-based instant messaging or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messaging), receiving instant messages, and viewing received instant messages. In some embodiments, the transmitted and / or received instant messages include graphics, photos, audio files, video files, and / or other attachments such as those supported in MMS and / or enhanced messaging services (EMS). As used herein, "instant messaging" refers to both phone-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS).

[0104] In combination with the RF circuit 208, the touch screen 212, the display controller 256, the contact / motion module 230, the graphics module 232, the text input module 234, the GPS module 235, the map module 254, and the music player module, the fitness support module 242 includes executable instructions for: creating a workout (e.g., with time, distance, and / or calorie burn goals); communicating with fitness sensors (sports equipment); receiving fitness sensor data; calibrating sensors for monitoring fitness; selecting and playing music for a workout; and displaying, storing, and transmitting fitness data.

[0105] In conjunction with the touch screen 212, display controller 256, one or more optical sensors 264, optical sensor controller 258, touch / motion module 230, graphics module 232 and image management module 244, the camera module 243 includes executable instructions for the following operations: capturing still images or videos (including video streams) and storing them in the memory 202, modifying the characteristics of the still images or videos, or deleting the still images or videos from the memory 202.

[0106] In conjunction with touch screen 212, display controller 256, touch / motion module 230, graphics module 232, text input module 234, and camera module 243, image management module 244 includes executable instructions for arranging, modifying (e.g., editing), or otherwise manipulating, labeling, deleting, presenting (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and storing still images and / or video images.

[0107] In combination with the RF circuit 208, the touch screen 212, the display controller 256, the touch / motion module 230, the graphics module 232 and the text input module 234, the browser module 247 includes executable instructions for browsing the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages.

[0108] In combination with the RF circuit 208, the touch screen 212, the display controller 256, the touch / motion module 230, the graphics module 232, the text input module 234, the email client module 240 and the browser module 247, the calendar module 248 includes executable instructions for creating, displaying, modifying and storing calendars and data associated with the calendar (e.g., calendar entries, to-do items, etc.) in accordance with user instructions.

[0109] In combination with the RF circuit 208, the touch screen 212, the display controller 256, the contact / motion module 230, the graphics module 232, the text input module 234, and the browser module 247, the desktop widget module 249 is a mini-application that can be downloaded and used by the user (e.g., the weather desktop widget 249-1, the stock desktop widget 249-2, the calculator desktop widget 249-3, the alarm desktop widget 249-4, and the dictionary desktop widget 249-5) or a mini-application created by the user (e.g., the user-created desktop widget 249-6). In some embodiments, the desktop widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, the desktop widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., the Yahoo! desktop widget).

[0110] In combination with the RF circuit 208, the touch screen 212, the display controller 256, the touch / motion module 230, the graphics module 232, the text input module 234 and the browser module 247, the desktop widget creator module 250 is used by users to create desktop widgets (for example, to turn a user-specified portion of a web page into a desktop widget).

[0111] In combination with the touch screen 212, display controller 256, contact / motion module 230, graphics module 232 and text input module 234, the search module 251 includes executable instructions for searching the memory 202 for text, music, sound, images, videos and / or other files that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions.

[0112] In conjunction with touch screen 212, display controller 256, contact / motion module 230, graphics module 232, audio circuitry 210, speaker 211, RF circuitry 208, and browser module 247, video and music player module 252 includes executable instructions that allow a user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats (such as MP3 or AAC files), as well as executable instructions for displaying, presenting, or otherwise playing back video (e.g., on touch screen 212 or on an external display connected via external port 224). In some embodiments, device 200 optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.).

[0113] In conjunction with the touch screen 212, display controller 256, contact / motion module 230, graphics module 232 and text input module 234, the notepad module 253 includes executable instructions for creating and managing notes, to-do lists, etc. according to user instructions.

[0114] In combination with the RF circuit 208, the touch screen 212, the display controller 256, the touch / motion module 230, the graphics module 232, the text input module 234, the GPS module 235 and the browser module 247, the map module 254 is used to receive, display, modify and store maps and data associated with the maps (e.g., driving directions, data related to stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location, and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions.

[0115] In conjunction with the touch screen 212, display controller 256, contact / motion module 230, graphics module 232, audio circuit 210, speaker 211, RF circuit 208, text input module 234, email client module 240, and browser module 247, online video module 255 includes instructions that allow a user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and / or downloading), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on a connected external display via external port 224), send an email with a link to a specific online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats (such as H.264). In some embodiments, the instant messaging module 241 is used instead of the email client module 240 to send a link to a specific online video. Additional descriptions of online video applications can be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 936,562, filed on June 20, 2007, entitled “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” and U.S. Patent Application No. 11 / 968,067, filed on December 31, 2007, entitled “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

[0116] Each of the modules and applications described above corresponds to an executable instruction set for performing one or more of the functions described above and the methods described in this patent application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (e.g., instruction sets) do not have to be implemented as separate software programs, processes, or modules, and therefore various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise rearranged in various embodiments. For example, a video player module may be combined with a music player module into a single module (e.g., Figure 2AIn some embodiments, the memory 202 stores a subset of the above modules and data structures. In addition, the memory 202 stores additional modules and data structures not described above.

[0117] In some embodiments, the device 200 is a device on which the operation of a predefined set of functions is performed exclusively through a touch screen and / or a touch pad. By using a touch screen and / or a touch pad as the primary input control device for the operation of the device 200, the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, etc.) on the device 200 is reduced.

[0118] A predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and / or a touchpad optionally includes navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by a user, navigates the device 200 to a main menu, a home menu, or a root menu from any user interface displayed on the device 200. In such embodiments, a touchpad is used to implement a "menu button." In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device, rather than a touchpad.

[0119] Figure 2B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event processing according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 202 ( Figure 2A ) or memory 470 ( Figure 4 ) includes an event classifier 270 (eg, in the operating system 226) and a corresponding application 236-1 (eg, any one of the aforementioned applications 237 to 251, 255, 480 to 490).

[0120] The event classifier 270 receives event information and determines the application 236-1 and the application view 291 of the application 236-1 to which the event information is to be delivered. The event classifier 270 includes an event monitor 271 and an event distributor module 274. In some embodiments, the application 236-1 includes an application internal state 292 that indicates one or more current application views displayed on the touch-sensitive display 212 when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, the device / global internal state 257 is used by the event classifier 270 to determine which application(s) is currently active, and the application internal state 292 is used by the event classifier 270 to determine the application view 291 to which the event information is to be delivered.

[0121] In some embodiments, the application internal state 292 includes additional information, such as one or more of the following: resumption information to be used when the application 236-1 resumes execution, user interface state information indicating that information is being displayed or is ready to be displayed by the application 236-1, a state queue for enabling a user to return to a previous state or view of the application 236-1, and a repeat / undo queue of previous actions taken by the user.

[0122] Event monitor 271 receives event information from peripherals interface 218. Event information includes information about sub-events (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display 212 as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface 218 transmits information it receives from I / O subsystem 206 or sensors such as proximity sensor 266, one or more accelerometers 268, and / or microphone 213 (through audio circuit 210). The information that peripherals interface 218 receives from I / O subsystem 206 includes information from touch-sensitive display 212 or a touch-sensitive surface.

[0123] In some embodiments, event monitor 271 sends requests to peripheral device interface 218 at predetermined intervals. In response, peripheral device interface 218 transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripheral device interface 218 transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and / or receiving an input for more than a predetermined duration).

[0124] In some embodiments, the event classifier 270 also includes a hit view determination module 272 and / or an active event identifier determination module 273.

[0125] When the touch-sensitive display 212 displays more than one view, the hit view determination module 272 provides software procedures for determining where within one or more views a sub-event has occurred. A view consists of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display.

[0126] Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes referred to herein as application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of the respective application) in which a touch is detected correspond to a programmatic hierarchy of the application or a programmatic level within the view hierarchy. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is called a hit view, and the set of events that are considered to be correct input is determined at least in part based on the hit view of the initial touch that started the touch-based gesture.

[0127] The hit view determination module 272 receives information related to sub-events of touch-based gestures. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, the hit view determination module 272 identifies the hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy where the sub-events should be processed. In most cases, the hit view is the lowest level view in which the initiating sub-event (e.g., the first sub-event in a sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event) occurs. Once a hit view is identified by the hit view determination module 272, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view.

[0128] Active event recognizer determination module 273 determines which view or views within the view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 273 determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 273 determines that all views that include the physical location of the sub-event are actively participating views, and therefore determines that all actively participating views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if a touch sub-event is completely confined to an area associated with one particular view, higher views in the hierarchy will still remain as actively participating views.

[0129] Event distributor module 274 distributes event information to event recognizers (e.g., event recognizer 280). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module 273, event distributor module 274 delivers the event information to the event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module 273. In some embodiments, event distributor module 274 stores the event information in an event queue, which is retrieved by corresponding event receiver 282.

[0130] In some embodiments, operating system 226 includes event classifier 270. Alternatively, application 236-1 includes event classifier 270. In yet another embodiment, event classifier 270 is a standalone module or is part of another module stored in memory 202, such as contact / motion module 230.

[0131] In some embodiments, the application 236-1 includes multiple event handlers 290 and one or more application views 291, each of which includes instructions for handling touch events occurring within a corresponding view of the user interface of the application. Each application view 291 of the application 236-1 includes one or more event identifiers 280. Typically, the corresponding application view 291 includes multiple event identifiers 280. In other embodiments, one or more of the event identifiers 280 are part of an independent module, which is a higher-level object such as a user interface toolkit (not shown) or the application 236-1 from which methods and other properties are inherited. In some embodiments, the corresponding event handler 290 includes one or more of the following: a data updater 276, an object updater 277, a GUI updater 278, and / or event data 279 received from an event classifier 270. The event handler 290 utilizes or calls a data updater 276, an object updater 277, or a GUI updater 278 to update the application internal state 292. Alternatively, one or more of the application views in the application views 291 include one or more corresponding event handlers 290. In addition, in some embodiments, one or more of the data updater 276, the object updater 277, and the GUI updater 278 are included in the corresponding application view 291.

[0132] The corresponding event identifier 280 receives event information (e.g., event data 279) from the event classifier 270 and identifies the event from the event information. The event identifier 280 includes an event receiver 282 and an event comparator 284. In some embodiments, the event identifier 280 also includes metadata 283 and at least a subset of event delivery instructions 288 (which includes sub-event delivery instructions).

[0133] The event receiver 282 receives event information from the event classifier 270. The event information includes information about sub-events such as touches or touch movements. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as the location of the sub-event. When the sub-event involves movement of a touch, the event information also includes the rate and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, the event includes a rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation of the device (also referred to as the device posture).

[0134] The event comparator 284 compares the event information with a predefined event or sub-event definition, and based on the comparison, determines the event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of the event or sub-event. In some embodiments, the event comparator 284 includes an event definition 286. The event definition 286 includes a definition of an event (e.g., a predefined sequence of sub-events), such as event 1 (287-1), event 2 (287-2), and other events. In some embodiments, the sub-events in the event (287) include, for example, touch start, touch end, touch move, touch cancel, and multi-touch. In one example, the definition of event 1 (287-1) is a double-click on a displayed object. For example, a double-click includes a first touch (touch start) of a predetermined duration on the displayed object, a first lift-off (touch end) of a predetermined duration, a second touch (touch start) of a predetermined duration on the displayed object, and a second lift-off (touch end) of a predetermined duration. In another example, the definition of event 2 (287-2) is a drag on a displayed object. For example, dragging includes a touch (or contact) of a predetermined duration on a displayed object, movement of the touch on the touch-sensitive display 212, and lifting of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers 290.

[0135] In some embodiments, event definition 287 includes definitions of events for corresponding user interface objects. In some embodiments, event comparator 284 performs a hit test to determine which user interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view that displays three user interface objects on touch-sensitive display 212, when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display 212, event comparator 284 performs a hit test to determine which of the three user interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a corresponding event handler 290, the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler 290 should be activated. For example, event comparator 284 selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object that triggered the hit test.

[0136] In some embodiments, the definition of the corresponding event (287) also includes a delay action that delays delivery of the event information until it has been determined that the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event type of the event identifier.

[0137] When a corresponding event recognizer 280 determines that a sequence of sub-events does not match any event in event definition 286, the corresponding event recognizer 280 enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture are ignored. In this case, other event recognizers (if any) that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of the ongoing touch-based gesture.

[0138] In some embodiments, the corresponding event identifier 280 includes metadata 283 with configurable properties, flags, and / or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively participating event identifiers. In some embodiments, metadata 283 includes configurable properties, flags, and / or lists that indicate how event identifiers interact or can interact with each other. In some embodiments, metadata 283 includes configurable properties, flags, and / or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to different levels in a view or programmatic hierarchy.

[0139] In some embodiments, when one or more specific sub-events of an event are identified, the corresponding event identifier 280 activates the event handler 290 associated with the event. In some embodiments, the corresponding event identifier 280 delivers the event information associated with the event to the event handler 290. Activating the event handler 290 is different from sending (and deferred sending) the sub-events to the corresponding hit view. In some embodiments, the event identifier 280 throws a tag associated with the identified event, and the event handler 290 associated with the tag obtains the tag and performs a predefined process.

[0140] In some embodiments, event delivery instructions 288 include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instruction delivers the event information to an event handler associated with a sub-event sequence or to an actively participating view. An event handler associated with a sub-event sequence or with an actively participating view receives the event information and executes a predetermined process.

[0141] In some embodiments, data updater 276 creates and updates data used in application 236-1. For example, data updater 276 updates phone numbers used in contact module 237 or stores video files used in video player module. In some embodiments, object updater 277 creates and updates objects used in application 236-1. For example, object updater 277 creates new user interface objects or updates the position of user interface objects. GUI updater 278 updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater 278 prepares display information and sends the display information to graphics module 232 for display on a touch-sensitive display.

[0142] In some embodiments, event handler 290 includes or has access to data updater 276, object updater 277, and GUI updater 278. In some embodiments, data updater 276, object updater 277, and GUI updater 278 are included in a single module of the corresponding application 236-1 or application view 291. In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules.

[0143] It should be understood that the above discussion of event processing of user touches on a touch-sensitive display also applies to other forms of user input that utilize input devices to operate the multifunction device 200, and not all user input is initiated on the touch screen. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally in conjunction with single or multiple keyboard presses or hold; contact movement on a touch pad, such as tapping, dragging, scrolling, etc.; stylus input; movement of the device; verbal commands; detected eye movement; biometric input; and / or any combination thereof are optionally used as input corresponding to sub-events defining the event to be recognized.

[0144] Figure 3A portable multifunction device 200 with a touch screen 212 according to some embodiments is shown. The touch screen optionally displays one or more graphics within a user interface (UI) 300. In this embodiment and other embodiments described below, a user can select one or more of these graphics by, for example, making gestures on the graphics using one or more fingers 302 (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses 303 (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics will occur when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, gestures optionally include one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, from right to left, up and / or down) and / or rolling of fingers that have been in contact with the device 200 (from right to left, from left to right, up and / or down). In some specific implementations or in some cases, inadvertent contact with a graphic will not select the graphic. For example, when the gesture corresponding to the selection is a tap, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon optionally does not select the corresponding application.

[0145] The device 200 also includes one or more physical buttons, such as a "home" or menu button 304. As previously described, the menu button 304 is used to navigate to any application 236 in a set of applications executing on the device 200. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on the touch screen 212.

[0146] In some embodiments, the device 200 includes a touch screen 212, a menu button 304, a push button 306 for powering the device on / off and for locking the device, one or more volume adjustment buttons 308, a user identity module (SIM) card slot 310, an earphone jack 312, and a docking / charging external port 224. The push button 306 is optionally used to turn the device on / off by pressing the button and keeping the button in a pressed state for a predefined time interval; lock the device by pressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval passes; and / or unlock the device or initiate an unlocking process. In an alternative embodiment, the device 200 also accepts speech input for activating or deactivating certain functions through a microphone 213. The device 200 also optionally includes one or more contact strength sensors 265 for detecting the strength of contact on the touch screen 212, and / or one or more tactile output generators 267 for generating tactile output for a user of the device 200.

[0147] Figure 44 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface according to some embodiments. Device 400 need not be portable. In some embodiments, device 400 is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a children's learning toy), a game system, or a control device (e.g., a home controller or an industrial controller). Device 400 typically includes one or more processing units (CPUs) 410, one or more network or other communication interfaces 460, a memory 470, and one or more communication buses 420 for interconnecting these components. Communication bus 420 optionally includes circuits (sometimes referred to as chipsets) that interconnect system components and control communications between system components. Device 400 includes an input / output (I / O) interface 430 with a display 440, which is typically a touch screen display. I / O interface 430 also optionally includes a keyboard and / or mouse (or other pointing device) 450 and a touchpad 455, a tactile output generator 457 for generating tactile output on device 400 (e.g., similar to the above reference Figure 2A The one or more tactile output generators 267), sensors 459 (e.g., optical sensors, acceleration sensors, proximity sensors, touch sensors, and / or contact intensity sensors (similar to those described above with reference to Figure 2A The memory 470 may include one or more storage devices located away from the CPU 410. In some embodiments, the memory 470 stores information related to the portable multifunction device 200 ( Figure 2A ) or a subset thereof. In addition, memory 470 optionally stores additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in memory 202 of portable multifunction device 200. For example, memory 470 of device 400 optionally stores drawing module 480, presentation module 482, word processing module 484, website creation module 486, disk editing module 488, and / or spreadsheet module 490, while portable multifunction device 200 ( Figure 2A )'s memory 202 optionally does not store these modules.

[0148] Figure 4Each of the above-mentioned elements in some examples is stored in one or more previously mentioned memory devices. Each module in the above-mentioned modules corresponds to an instruction set for performing the above-mentioned functions. The above-mentioned modules or programs (e.g., instruction sets) do not have to be implemented as independent software programs, processes or modules, so various subsets of these modules are combined or otherwise rearranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 470 stores a subset of the above-mentioned modules and data structures. In addition, memory 470 stores additional modules and data structures not described above.

[0149] Attention is now turned to embodiments of a user interface that may be implemented on, for example, portable multifunction device 200.

[0150] Figure 5A An exemplary user interface of an application menu on portable multifunction device 200 is shown according to some embodiments. A similar user interface is implemented on device 400. In some embodiments, user interface 500 includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:

[0151] one or more signal strength indicators 502 of one or more wireless communications such as cellular signals and Wi-Fi signals;

[0152] • Time 504;

[0153] • Bluetooth indicator 505;

[0154] • Battery status indicator 506;

[0155] • A tray 508 with icons for commonly used applications such as:

[0156] o An icon 516 labeled "Phone" of the phone module 238, which optionally includes an indicator 514 of the number of missed calls or voice messages;

[0157] o an icon 518 labeled “Mail” of the email client module 240, which optionally includes an indicator 510 of the number of unread emails;

[0158] o An icon 520 labeled "Browser" for the browser module 247; and

[0159] o an icon 522 labeled “iPod” of the video and music player module 252 (also referred to as the iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module 252); and

[0160] • Icons for other apps, such as:

[0161] o Icon 524 labeled "Message" of IM module 241;

[0162] o An icon 526 labeled “Calendar” of the calendar module 248;

[0163] o Icon 528 labeled "Photos" of the image management module 244;

[0164] o An icon 530 labeled “Camera” of the camera module 243;

[0165] o An icon 532 labeled "Online Video" of the online video module 255;

[0166] ○ Icon 534 labeled “Stocks” of the Stocks desktop widget 249-2;

[0167] o An icon 536 labeled “Map” of the map module 254;

[0168] o Icon 538 labeled “Weather” of the Weather widget 249-1;

[0169] ○ Icon 540 labeled as “Clock” of the alarm clock widget 249-4;

[0170] o An icon 542 labeled “Fitness Support” of the fitness support module 242;

[0171] o An icon 544 labeled "Notepad" of the Notepad module 253; and

[0172] ○ An icon 546 labeled “Settings” for a settings application or module that provides access to settings for the device 200 and its various applications 236 .

[0173] It should be noted that Figure 5A The icon labels shown in are exemplary only. For example, icon 522 of video and music player module 252 is optionally labeled "Music" or "Music Player". Other labels are optionally used for various application icons. In some embodiments, the label of the corresponding application icon includes the name of the application corresponding to the corresponding application icon. In some embodiments, the label of a particular application icon is different from the name of the application corresponding to the particular application icon.

[0174] Figure 5B A touch-sensitive surface 551 (eg, touch screen display 212) is shown having a touch-sensitive surface 551 (eg, Figure 4 A device (e.g., a tablet or touchpad 455) Figure 4Device 400 also optionally includes one or more contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more of sensors 457) for detecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface 551 and / or one or more tactile output generators 459 for generating tactile output for a user of device 400.

[0175] Although some of the examples that follow will be given with reference to input on a touch screen display 212 (where a touch-sensitive surface and a display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects input on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, such as Figure 5B In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., Figure 5B 551) has a main axis (e.g., Figure 5B 553) corresponding to the main axis (for example, Figure 5B According to these embodiments, the device detects a position corresponding to a corresponding position on the display (e.g., Figure 5B , 560 corresponds to 568 and 562 corresponds to 570 ) at a contact with touch-sensitive surface 551 (eg, Figure 5B Thus, on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., Figure 5B 551) and a display of a multi-function device (e.g., Figure 5B When the user input detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., contacts 560 and 562 and their movement) is separated from the touch-sensitive surface, the device is used to manipulate the user interface on the display. It should be understood that similar methods are optionally used for other user interfaces described herein.

[0176] In addition, although the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, single-finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that in some embodiments, one or more of these finger inputs are replaced by input from another input device (e.g., mouse-based input or stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is optionally replaced by a mouse click (e.g., instead of contact), followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is optionally replaced by a mouse click when the cursor is over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detecting contact, followed by ceasing to detect contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are detected simultaneously, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are optionally used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contact are optionally used simultaneously.

[0177] Fig. 6AAn exemplary personal electronic device 600 is shown. Device 600 includes a body 602. In some embodiments, device 600 includes a body 602 relative to devices 200 and 400 (e.g., Figure 2A-Figure 4 ) or some or all of the features described in the foregoing. In some embodiments, device 600 has a touch-sensitive display screen 604, hereinafter referred to as a touch screen 604. As an alternative to or in addition to touch screen 604, device 600 has a display and a touch-sensitive surface. As with devices 200 and 400, in some embodiments, touch screen 604 (or touch-sensitive surface) has one or more intensity sensors for detecting the intensity of contact (e.g., touch) being applied. The one or more intensity sensors of touch screen 604 (or touch-sensitive surface) provide output data representing the intensity of the touch. The user interface of device 600 responds to touch based on the intensity of the touch, which means that touches of different intensities can invoke different user interface operations on device 600.

[0178] Technology for detecting and processing touch intensity may be found, for example, in related applications: International patent application serial number PCT / US2013 / 040061, filed on May 8, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying UserInterface Objects Corresponding to an Application,” and International patent application serial number PCT / US2013 / 069483, filed on November 11, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and GraphicalUser Interface for Transitioning Between Touch Input to Display OutputRelationships,” each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0179] In some embodiments, the device 600 has one or more input mechanisms 606 and 608. The input mechanisms 606 and 608, if included, are physical. Examples of physical input mechanisms include push buttons and rotatable mechanisms. In some embodiments, the device 600 has one or more attachment mechanisms. Such attachment mechanisms, if included, may allow the device 600 to be attached to, for example, hats, glasses, earrings, necklaces, shirts, jackets, bracelets, watchbands, bracelets, pants, belts, shoes, wallets, backpacks, etc. These attachment mechanisms allow the user to wear the device 600.

[0180] Figure 6BAn exemplary personal electronic device 600 is shown. In some embodiments, the device 600 includes a Figure 2A , Figure 2B and Figure 4 Some or all of the components described. The device 600 has a bus 612 that operatively couples an I / O portion 614 to one or more computer processors 616 and a memory 618. The I / O portion 614 is connected to a display 604, which may have a touch-sensitive component 622 and, optionally, a touch-intensity sensitive component 624. In addition, the I / O portion 614 is connected to a communication unit 630 for receiving application and operating system data using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, near field communication (NFC), cellular and / or other wireless communication technologies. The device 600 includes an input mechanism 606 and / or 608. For example, the input mechanism 606 is a rotatable input device or a depressible input device and a rotatable input device. In some examples, the input mechanism 608 is a button.

[0181] In some examples, input mechanism 608 is a microphone. Personal electronic device 600 includes, for example, various sensors such as GPS sensor 632, accelerometer 634, orientation sensor 640 (e.g., compass), gyroscope 636, motion sensor 638, and / or combinations thereof, all of which are operably connected to I / O portion 614.

[0182] The memory 618 of the personal electronic device 600 is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more computer processors 616, for example, cause the computer processors to perform the above-described techniques and processes. The computer-executable instructions are also stored and / or transmitted, for example, in any non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device, or apparatus, such as a computer-based system, a system containing a processor, or other system that can obtain instructions from an instruction execution system, device, or apparatus and execute the instructions. The personal electronic device 600 is not limited to Figure 6B components and configurations, but may include other components or additional components in a variety of configurations.

[0183] As used herein, the term “indicative representation” refers to, for example, a display in device 200, 400, and / or 600 ( Figure 2A , Figure 4 and FIG. 6A to FIG. 6B ) on a display screen. For example, images (e.g., icons), buttons, and text (e.g., hyperlinks) each constitute an affordance.

[0184] As used herein, the term "focus selector" refers to an input element used to indicate the current portion of a user interface with which a user is interacting. In some implementations that include a cursor or other position marker, the cursor acts as a "focus selector" such that when the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider, or other user interface element), a focus selector is displayed on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., Figure 4 Touchpad 455 or Figure 5B In the event that an input (e.g., a press input) is detected on the touch-sensitive surface 551 in FIG. 5 , the particular user interface element is adjusted according to the detected input. In the case that a touch screen display (e.g., Figure 2A A touch sensitive display system 212 or Figure 5A In some implementations of the touch screen 212 in FIG. 1 , a contact detected on the touch screen acts as a “focus selector” such that when an input (e.g., a press input by the contact) is detected at the location of a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider, or other user interface element) on the touch screen display, the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations, the focus moves from one area of ​​the user interface to another area of ​​the user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor or movement of a contact on the touch screen display (e.g., by using a tab key or arrow keys to move the focus from one button to another); in these implementations, the focus selector moves in accordance with the movement of the focus between different areas of the user interface. Regardless of the specific form the focus selector takes, the focus selector is typically a user interface element (or contact on the touch screen display) that is controlled by the user to deliver the user's intended interaction with the user interface (e.g., by indicating to the device the element of the user interface with which the user desires to interact). For example, when a press input is detected on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a trackpad or touch screen), the position of a focus selector (e.g., a cursor, contact, or selection box) over a corresponding button will indicate that the user intends to activate the corresponding button (rather than other user interface elements shown on the device display).

[0185] As used in the specification and claims, the term "characteristic intensity" of a contact refers to a characteristic of a contact based on one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is based on multiple intensity samples. The characteristic intensity is optionally based on a predefined number of intensity samples or a set of intensity samples collected during a predetermined time period (e.g., 0.05 seconds, 0.1 seconds, 0.2 seconds, 0.5 seconds, 1 second, 2 seconds, 5 seconds, 10 seconds) relative to a predefined event (e.g., after contact is detected, before contact is detected to be lifted off, before or after contact starts to move, before contact ends, before or after contact intensity is detected to increase, and / or before or after contact intensity is detected to decrease). The characteristic intensity of a contact is optionally based on one or more of the following: the maximum value of the contact intensity, the mean value of the contact intensity, the average value of the contact intensity, the value at the top 10% of the contact intensity, the half-maximum value of the contact intensity, the 90% maximum value of the contact intensity, etc. In some embodiments, the duration of the contact is used when determining the characteristic intensity (e.g., when the characteristic intensity is the average value of the intensity of the contact over time). In some embodiments, the feature strength is compared to a set of one or more strength thresholds to determine whether the user has performed an operation. For example, the set of one or more strength thresholds includes a first strength threshold and a second strength threshold. In this example, a contact whose feature strength does not exceed the first threshold results in a first operation, a contact whose feature strength exceeds the first strength threshold but does not exceed the second strength threshold results in a second operation, and a contact whose feature strength exceeds the second threshold results in a third operation. In some embodiments, a comparison between the feature strength and one or more thresholds is used to determine whether to perform one or more operations (e.g., whether to perform the corresponding operation or give up performing the corresponding operation), rather than to determine whether to perform the first operation or the second operation.

[0186] In some embodiments, a portion of a gesture is identified for determining a characteristic strength. For example, a touch-sensitive surface receives a continuous swipe contact that transitions from a starting position and reaches an end position, where the strength of the contact increases. In this example, the characteristic strength of the contact at the end position is based only on a portion of the continuous swipe contact, rather than the entire swipe contact (e.g., the portion of the swipe contact that is only at the end position). In some embodiments, a smoothing algorithm is applied to the strength of the swipe contact before determining the characteristic strength of the contact. For example, the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more of the following: an unweighted sliding average smoothing algorithm, a triangular smoothing algorithm, a median filter smoothing algorithm, and / or an exponential smoothing algorithm. In some cases, these smoothing algorithms eliminate narrow peaks or depressions in the strength of the swipe contact to achieve the purpose of determining the characteristic strength.

[0187] The intensity of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface is characterized relative to one or more intensity thresholds, such as a contact detection intensity threshold, a light press intensity threshold, a deep press intensity threshold, and / or one or more other intensity thresholds. In some embodiments, the light press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform an operation typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or touchpad. In some embodiments, the deep press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform an operation different from the operation typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or touchpad. In some embodiments, when a contact having a characteristic intensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominal contact detection intensity threshold, contacts below the nominal contact detection intensity threshold are no longer detected) is detected, the device will move the focus selector in accordance with the movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing an operation associated with the light press intensity threshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally speaking, unless otherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent between different groups of user interface illustrations.

[0188] An increase in contact feature intensity from an intensity below a light press intensity threshold to an intensity between the light press intensity threshold and the deep press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as a "light press" input. An increase in contact feature intensity from an intensity below a deep press intensity threshold to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as a "deep press" input. An increase in contact feature intensity from an intensity below a contact detection intensity threshold to an intensity between the contact detection intensity threshold and the light press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as detecting contact on the touch surface. A decrease in contact feature intensity from an intensity above the contact detection intensity threshold to an intensity below the contact detection intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as detecting contact lifted from the touch surface. In some embodiments, the contact detection intensity threshold is zero. In some embodiments, the contact detection intensity threshold is greater than zero.

[0189] In some embodiments described herein, one or more operations are performed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a corresponding press input or in response to detecting a corresponding press input performed using a corresponding contact (or multiple contacts), wherein the corresponding press input is detected at least in part based on detecting that the strength of the contact (or multiple contacts) increases to above a press input strength threshold. In some embodiments, the corresponding operation is performed in response to detecting that the strength of the corresponding contact increases to above the press input strength threshold (e.g., a "down stroke" of the corresponding press input). In some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in the strength of the corresponding contact to above the press input strength threshold and a subsequent decrease in the strength of the contact to below the press input strength threshold, and the corresponding operation is performed in response to detecting that the strength of the corresponding contact subsequently decreases to below the press input threshold (e.g., an "up stroke" of the corresponding press input).

[0190] In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoid unexpected inputs sometimes referred to as "jitter," wherein the device defines or selects a hysteresis intensity threshold that has a predefined relationship to a press input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units lower than the press input intensity threshold, or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90%, or some reasonable proportion of the press input intensity threshold). Thus, in some embodiments, a press input includes an increase in the intensity of the corresponding contact to above the press input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in the intensity of the contact to below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press input intensity threshold, and a corresponding operation is performed in response to detecting that the intensity of the corresponding contact subsequently decreases to below the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., an "upward stroke" of the corresponding press input). Similarly, in some embodiments, a press input is detected only when the device detects that the contact intensity increases from an intensity equal to or lower than the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity equal to or higher than the press input intensity threshold and, optionally, that the contact intensity subsequently decreases to an intensity equal to or lower than the hysteresis intensity, and a corresponding operation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g., an increase in contact intensity or a decrease in contact intensity, depending on the environment).

[0191] For ease of explanation, optionally, a description of an operation performed in response to a press input associated with a press input intensity threshold or in response to a gesture including a press input is triggered in response to detecting any of the following: contact intensity increasing to above the press input intensity threshold, contact intensity increasing from an intensity below a hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press input intensity threshold, contact intensity decreasing to below the press input intensity threshold, and / or contact intensity decreasing to below a hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where an operation is described as being performed in response to detecting that the intensity of the contact decreases below the press input intensity threshold, the operation is optionally performed in response to detecting that the intensity of the contact decreases below a hysteresis intensity threshold that corresponds to and is less than the press input intensity threshold.

[0192] 3. A process for providing relevant data items based on context

[0193] 7A to 7E , Figure 8 and Fig. 9 A system for providing relevant data items based on context is shown. Fig. 7A As shown, electronic device 700 may include any device described herein, including but not limited to devices 104, 200, 400, and 600 ( Figure 1 , Figure 2A , Figure 4 and FIG. 6A to FIG. 6B ). Therefore, it should be understood that 7A to 7E , Figure 8 and Fig. 9The electronic devices depicted in the may correspond to any type of user device, such as a phone, a laptop, a desktop computer, a tablet, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch), etc. In addition, the processes described herein may be performed by a server having information delivered to and from the device, executed on the device, or a combination thereof.

[0194] refer to Fig. 7A , electronic device 700 may display a list of multiple affordances associated with various data items for selection by a user of the device. Generally speaking, data items may generally correspond to functions of the electronic device, such as opening a device application, performing a task on the device and / or another device, and the like. During device operation, data items may be displayed to the user, for example, on a home screen of the electronic device as a "stack" or "grouping" of data items. For example, data item 702 may be associated with a weather application on the device, and data item 704 may be associated with a stock application on the device. Affordances of other device applications may be displayed, such as sports, news, music, photos, notes, and the like. In some examples, affordances may be associated with device applications provided by "third-party" developers that can be downloaded (e.g., downloaded for free or paid) to the device, such as social media applications or game applications. In some examples, data items may correspond to device tasks. For example, a user may select weather data item 702, which may cause an additional user interface to be displayed, which includes tasks related to weather data item 702. In this example, the additional task may involve prompting the user to enter a specific city for which to check the weather, and / or may involve the user selecting a specific weather task in a specific location (e.g., check weather radar, check high / low temperatures weekly, etc.).

[0195] In some examples, a user may select multiple data items. For example, a user may select one or more displayed data items. Once a user has selected a data item, the user may rank the data items to indicate the relative preference of each data item, or may otherwise specify the order of the data items. As an example, a user may manipulate a mobile affordance within or near each data item to reorder the data items. A user may press and drag a mobile affordance 708 to move a weather data item 702 to the highest position in a list of data items. A user may press and drag a mobile affordance 710 to move a stock data item 704 to the second highest position in a list of data items. Such movement may indicate that a user prefers to consider a weather data item to be the "top" or highest data item in a displayed data item stack, and preferably considers a stock data item to be the second highest data item in a displayed stack. A user may optionally perform one or more predetermined gesture movements to remove a data item from a list. For example, a user may press and slide a displayed data item to the left or right to remove a data item from a displayed list.

[0196] In some examples, multiple data items may be identified based in part on user selections. Once multiple data items are identified, multiple confidence values ​​may be identified, each of which corresponds to a corresponding data item and indicates the relevance of the corresponding data item to the current context information. The acquired data items may include data items previously selected by the user. For example, a user's selection of a data item may cause the data item to be automatically included in the multiple data items identified. In some examples, a user's selection and placement of a data item may affect the confidence value associated with the selected data item (e.g., a higher placement may correspond to a higher confidence). Identifying a data item from one or more data items may include identifying a data item associated with a confidence value that exceeds a confidence threshold, as further discussed herein. Data items may also be referred to as "desktop widgets," "cards," and the like.

[0197] Data items may be identified from one or more data models. Data models may generally correspond to models such as information models related to applications and / or related tasks, third-party models related to third-party applications and / or related tasks, and the like. Data models may also include application-specific models, such as a weather application data model. Each of the plurality of data models may be associated with a model confidence value. As an example, various data items may be identified from a weather data model, such as a first weather application, a second weather application downloaded from a third party, a first weather task corresponding to identifying the weather in a first city, and a second weather task corresponding to identifying the weather in a second city. The weather data model may be associated with a "high" model confidence value (e.g., 80 out of 100). Data items may also be identified from a financial data model, such as a stock application, a financial news application downloaded from a third party, a banking application downloaded from a third party, and a task corresponding to checking a specific stock price. The financial data model may be associated with a "medium" confidence value (e.g., 50 out of 100). Various data items may also be identified from the music data model, such as a first music application, a second music application downloaded from a third party, a task corresponding to playing a particular song using a particular music application. The music data model may be associated with a "low" confidence value, e.g., 30 out of 100.

[0198] The model confidence value may indicate the general relevance of the data items provided by the corresponding data model. The system may compare the model confidence values ​​in order to adjust the relative confidence of various data items. In some examples, the model confidence value may be based at least in part on contextual information, such as information associated with input received at the device (e.g., information received from a microphone, a third-party application, another user, etc.), detected state changes on the device (e.g., device orientation and movement, changes in device location, etc.), environmental conditions detected at the device (e.g., light levels, sound levels, pressure levels, proximity to other devices, etc.). In some examples, the contextual information may be associated with information residing on the user device, such as user preferences, interaction history, general heuristics related to user behavior and predicted user actions, etc. For example, predictions of a user's general behavior and actions (such as user routines) can be achieved by analyzing, for example, typical user behavior that occurs at a specific point in time for an amount exceeding a threshold amount of time (e.g., a user may leave home at a specific time every weekday, may call a specific device task when arriving at work, etc.).

[0199] Model confidence values ​​may be used to increase or decrease one or more weights associated with data items. For example, context information may indicate that a user frequently utilizes financial applications and / or related financial tasks. Context information may also indicate that a user occasionally uses music-related applications and / or functions, and rarely utilizes sports-related applications and / or functions. Therefore, data items identified from the financial client model may be given more weight than data items identified from other client models. For example, compared with confidence values ​​associated with data items identified from the music client model, confidence values ​​associated with data items identified from the financial client model may be given a higher weight. As an example, data items corresponding to corresponding stock applications may have a basic confidence value of 50 on a scale of 0 to 100. Data items corresponding to corresponding music applications may also have a basic confidence value of 50 on a scale of 0 to 100. When comparing model confidence values, the confidence value of the stock application may increase (e.g., from 50 to 60 or more). In some examples, the confidence value of the music application may be reduced based on the comparison (e.g., from 50 to 40 or less). Comparisons based on additional model confidence values ​​may also affect the amount (if any) by which the individual confidence values ​​are adjusted. Data item confidence values ​​may also be adjusted in other ways. For example, the confidence value of any data item identified from the corresponding data model may be automatically weighted higher based on determining that the model confidence value exceeds a model confidence threshold.

[0200] In some examples, the data item confidence values ​​may also be adjusted or otherwise affected based on the current context information. According to the above example, the data item corresponding to the stock application may have a confidence value of 80, and the data item corresponding to the music application may have a confidence value of 40. The identified plurality of data items may also include a data item corresponding to the weather application associated with a confidence value of 50. The context information on the user's device may indicate that the user routinely checks the weather every morning when leaving for work. For example, the user may typically open the weather application on the device and provide verbal input to the device (e.g., "Hey, Siri, what's the weather in San Francisco today"), or perform a predefined function for checking the weather in San Francisco (e.g., activating an affordance corresponding to a user-customized "San Francisco weather" action). The user may check the weather at a specific time (e.g., typically between 7:00-7:15 a.m. on weekdays), or may check the weather when the user leaves home on weekday mornings (e.g., when the device location moves away from the "home" location). Therefore, based on the current context information, the confidence value associated with the corresponding weather data item may be adjusted. Specifically, the current context information may indicate a current date / time corresponding to 7 a.m. on a weekday, and / or indicate that the user has left a home location based on device movement and location information. Thus, the device may determine that a typical user action (e.g., invoking a particular weather application) is highly relevant based on the context information. This determination may reflect a high likelihood that the user will use a weather application or otherwise wish to view weather information given the current context. Given this determination, the confidence value associated with the data item corresponding to the particular weather application increases (e.g., from 50 to 90 or higher).

[0201] Once a plurality of data items and associated confidence values ​​are identified, the plurality of data items may be sorted based on the confidence values, such as in descending order based on decreasing confidence values. For example, data items are identified from a data model, including weight adjustments (if any) based on model confidence values. The identified data items may include a stock application with a confidence value of 80 out of 100, a music application with a confidence value of 40 out of 100, and a weather application with a confidence value of 90 out of 100. Thus, the data items may be sorted such that the weather application is the first data item in the sorted data items, the stock application is the second data item in the sorted data items, and the music application is the third data item in the sorted data items.

[0202] refer to Figure 7B, depicting an exemplary “home” screen of an electronic device 700. A user may navigate to the home screen by unlocking the device, performing a gesture (e.g., swiping up from the bottom of the display), pressing a button on the device, and the like. Upon navigating to the home screen, a data item 712 corresponding to the first data item in the data item grouping may be displayed. The first data item may correspond to a data item having the highest confidence value among multiple data items, such as a weather data item with a confidence of 90 (out of 100). The highest confidence value may indicate a data item having the highest relevance to the current contextual information. The displayed data item 712 may include additional display information related to the corresponding data item. In this example, the additional information related to the weather data item may include the current conditions of the relevant location (e.g., San Francisco) (e.g., partly cloudy), as well as temperature information such as the current temperature and the high / low temperature of the day. Data item 712 may be displayed as an overlay on data item grouping 712a to indicate to the user that additional data items are available for display. Generally speaking, data item 712 and grouping 712a may be displayed in a specific area on the home screen, such as, Figure 7B In some examples, data items 712 and groupings 712a may be displayed at a bottom position, a left position, a right position, a center position, or any other position that allows a user to view and interact with the data items. In some examples, a user may configure the position of data items 712 and groupings 712a, such as configuring the position of data items to be displayed on a home page of a display screen. Figures 8 to 9 As discussed in greater detail, the user may additionally configure the size of the displayed data items.

[0203] refer to Figure 7C , a user may provide various inputs to replace a displayed data item with a newly displayed data item within a displayed grouping of data items. For example, the electronic device may receive user input 714 corresponding to a contact motion in a first direction (e.g., an upward swiping motion on or near displayed data item 712). In response to user input 714, a data item 716 corresponding to a second data item may be displayed to replace displayed data item 712. For example, data item 716 may correspond to a data item with a next lowest confidence value relative to data item 712 among a plurality of data items, such as a second data item corresponding to a stock application. The displayed data item 716 corresponding to the stock application may include additional displayed information corresponding to the data item, such as a company name, a current stock price, a daily percentage move, historical stock price information (e.g., for the day, week, month, year, etc.).

[0204] The user may provide additional user input to replace the displayed data item with the newly displayed data item in the displayed grouping. For example, the user may provide a second user input that includes a contact motion in a second direction opposite to the first direction (e.g., a downward swipe motion on or near the displayed data item 716). In response to the second user input, the data item may be displayed to replace the currently displayed data item. In this example, the displayed data item may correspond to the data item with the next highest confidence value relative to the data item 716 in the plurality of data items, such as, corresponding to the first data item of the previously displayed weather application. In some examples, the confidence values ​​associated with the plurality of data items are updated based on the user input. For example, if the user rotates to the currently displayed data item and does not continue to rotate to a different data item (e.g., pause and view the data item, activate the data item to launch an application or perform a task, etc.), the currently displayed data item may be considered to be the most relevant. In response to a user action indicating that the data item has relevance, the confidence value of the corresponding data item may be increased. For example, the confidence value may be increased at any future time when the future context information is consistent with the current context information.

[0205] In some examples, updated context information associated with an electronic device is received, wherein multiple updated confidence values ​​are detected based on the updated context information. Generally speaking, data item confidence values ​​may be based in part on the association between the corresponding data item and various aspects of the context information. For example, current information associated with a device application may affect various confidence values. For example, a user may have previously indicated that "ABC Company" is the user's favorite company by a stock application corresponding to data item 716. Therefore, any movement of "ABC Company" stock that meets a threshold movement (e.g., an increase or decrease greater than 1%) may increase the confidence value associated with the data item 716 corresponding to the stock application, as described herein. Current information associated with a device application may correspond to a variety of information, such as a carpooling status. For example, a user may have reserved a vehicle through a carpooling application, so that the current information includes an application update about the reservation status (e.g., "your driver is on the way", "driving to arrive in five minutes", etc.). A user may utilize a home automation and security system including a "home" application on an electronic device. In this case, the current information may additionally include home automation and security system notifications (e.g., "motion detected in the living room," "front door open," "basement temperature set to 70 degrees," etc.). The current information may also be associated with a variety of other events, such as sports scores, breaking news notifications, food delivery status updates, etc.

[0206] In some examples, updated user preferences and / or user interaction history may affect various confidence values. For example, the user interaction history may indicate that the user has recently downloaded a news citation program and frequently uses the news application. During periods when device activity is typically low (e.g., early or late in the day, at night, during lunch / dinner time, etc.), the confidence values ​​of various data items in multiple data items may be relatively low. Given the recent use history associated with the news application, the confidence value associated with the news application may be increased, especially when the confidence values ​​of various other data items are low given the current context information. In some examples, the user may input various preferences for a particular application, such as turning on / off notifications for a third-party application. In response to receiving a user preference for turning on / off notifications for the corresponding application, the confidence value of the data item corresponding to the application may be appropriately increased or decreased.

[0207] In some examples, the location of the electronic device may affect various confidence values. Specifically, one or more confidence values ​​may be based in part on the association between the corresponding data item and the location of the electronic device. For example, a data item associated with a calendar event may include parameters of the event location, such as a particular physical address. The electronic device may detect movement of the device to a particular location (such as a location near the physical address). Based on determining that the data item associated with the calendar event includes an association with the particular location near the physical address, the confidence value of the data item is increased. The confidence value of other data items is based on the association between the data item and the location of the electronic device, such as a "home" application associated with the location of a user's home (e.g., for performing functions related to home appliances or systems, such as heating / cooling, media, security, etc.).

[0208] Based on the updated context information, the updated multiple confidence values ​​may include a third confidence value associated with the third data item. Based on determining that the third confidence value is higher than the confidence value corresponding to the displayed data item, the order of the multiple data items is modified. As an example, the confidence value may also be based on the association between the corresponding data item and the calendar event. The calendar event may include a start time (e.g., 10:00 a.m. on the same day). The start time of the calendar event may be within a threshold time (e.g., within 15 minutes). Based on determining that any calendar event or a subset of calendar events (e.g., events on a work-related calendar, a calendar shared with a specific contact, etc.) is within a threshold time of the current time, the confidence value of the appropriate data item is increased. Specifically, in this example, the confidence value of the data item corresponding to the calendar application is increased (e.g., from 30 to 100).

[0209] Modifying the order of the sorted plurality of data items may include modifying the order value of each of the data items. Continuing with the above example, prior to retrieving updated contextual information, the sorted plurality of data items may have included a first displayed data item (order 1) having a confidence value of 90 out of 100 corresponding to a weather application, a second data item (order 2) having a confidence value of 80 out of 100 corresponding to a stock application, a third data item (order 3) having a confidence value of 40 out of 100 corresponding to a music application, and a fourth data item (order 4) having a confidence value of 30 out of 100 corresponding to a calendar application. When retrieving updated contextual information, the order value of each of the data items may be modified so that the order values ​​are arranged in descending order based on the descending order of the updated confidence values. Therefore, the updated sorted multiple data items may include a first data item (order 1) with a confidence value of 80 (out of 100) corresponding to a calendar application, a second data item (order 2) with a confidence value of 60 (out of 100) corresponding to a weather application, a third data item (order 3) with a confidence value of 40 (out of 100) corresponding to a stock application, and a fourth data item (order 4) with a confidence value of 20 (out of 100) corresponding to a music application.

[0210] refer to Fig.7D, data items with the highest confidence values ​​based on the modification order of the plurality of data items are displayed, such as data items 718 corresponding to calendar events from a calendar application. As described above, data items 718 with the highest confidence values ​​may indicate data items with the highest relevance to the current context information. For example, data item 718 may correspond to a calendar application, and may include additional information related to an event (e.g., one or more events within a threshold time from the current time). The additional information may include a meeting name (such as "a meeting with a contractor"), a meeting start time, and / or a time range (such as "today from 10 a.m. to 12 p.m."), and other relevant event information. In this example, due to the association between the event related to the calendar data item and the current location of the user device (such as a location near a corresponding office in Oakland, California), data items 718 corresponding to the calendar event may be displayed. For example, the calendar event may be scheduled as a "meeting with a contractor", including a location of an "Oakland office" corresponding to the corresponding office. Generally speaking, once the user arrives at a location near the corresponding office, data item 718 may become the data item with the highest confidence value among the plurality of data items. In some examples, data item 718 can be identified based on the start time of the calendar event (e.g., 10 a.m.) being within a threshold of the current time (e.g., 10 minutes from 9:50 a.m.). Thus, once the user arrives at a location near the corresponding office and / or once the event start time is within a threshold time from the current time, data item 718 can become the data item with the highest confidence value among the multiple data items. Thus, data item 718 can be displayed when the user unlocks the device and navigates to the home screen. In some examples, data item 718 can be displayed to replace a previously displayed data item (e.g., Figure 7C data item 716).

[0211] When the data items replace the displayed data items based on the updated context information, the user may continue to scroll or otherwise rotate through the grouping of the displayed data items. For example, the electronic device may receive user input corresponding to a contact motion in a particular direction (e.g., an upward swipe motion on or near the displayed data item 718, or a downward swipe motion on or near the displayed data item 718). In response to the user input, the additional data items may be displayed to replace the displayed data items 718 (not shown). Generally speaking, the data items displayed as superimposed on the grouping of data items may continue to be displayed until a user input is received, which includes a request to remove the data items and the grouping from the display (e.g., a left or right swipe gesture, a change in user preferences, etc.). In addition, the order values ​​of the multiple data items may be further modified so that the modified order values ​​of the additional data items may correspond to the highest order values ​​of the sorted multiple data items. In some examples, the order values ​​of the multiple data items are not further modified until a specific user action indicating the modification relevance of the multiple data items. For example, once the user rotates to a specific data item and pauses on the data item for more than a threshold period of time, it is determined that the order value should be modified.

[0212] refer to Fig. 7E , additional data items not included in the plurality of data items may be added to the plurality of data items based on the updated context information. Specifically, the additional data items may not have been initially selected by the user to be included in the plurality of data items. The updated context information may include information related to various events or other conditions, such as reminders about a conference call dial-in number, birthday / anniversary information associated with a device contact, battery charge information of an electronic device or an additional device (e.g., a wireless headset, a smartwatch, etc.), turning on a vibration / do not disturb / silent setting, etc. The updated context information may also include predictions of potential user actions, such as sending a message including "later" to a group associated with a calendar event, calling a specific contact, etc. For example, an electronic device may include a data item 720 for a phone birthday reminder, which is associated with a stored contact named "John Appleseed" whose birthday is June 5, 1980 (e.g., the birthday information is saved with the contact information or can be accessed by the device in other ways). Data item 720 may initially be associated with a confidence value of 0 (out of 100). The updated context information may include an update date and time of June 5, 2020 at 7:15 am. For example, the updated context information may be retrieved continuously, or may be retrieved when the user unlocks the device (e.g., updated when the user unlocks the device in the morning). Based on the updated context information, the confidence value associated with the data item 720 may increase (e.g., from 0 (out of 100) to 70 (out of 100)).

[0213] In some examples, a determination is made as to whether a confidence value associated with the additional data item exceeds a confidence threshold. The confidence threshold may include a predetermined or dynamically adjusted threshold, or may alternatively or additionally be set based on an average or composite confidence value of a plurality of data items. For example, a plurality of data items may include a stock application with a confidence value of 70 (out of 100), a navigation task for specifying a route to a “work” location with a confidence value of 60 (out of 100), and a task for turning on a “Do Not Disturb” setting with a confidence value of 20 (out of 100). The confidence threshold may be determined based on an average confidence value of the plurality of data items, such as 50. Thus, based on a determination that the confidence value of data item 720 exceeds the confidence threshold of 50, data item 720 is added to the plurality of data items. Furthermore, because data item 720 has the highest confidence value among the plurality of confidence values, data item 720 may be displayed in place of a currently displayed data item, such as Fig. 7E shown.

[0214] Identifying additional data items may also include: receiving input corresponding to at least one of a user interaction history and a movement history of the electronic device; and predicting a user action based on the input. For example, a user may typically start a running exercise activity via a fitness application at 6 a.m. on weekdays. Based on the user interaction history, an additional data item related to a task of starting a running exercise activity may have an increased confidence value at 6 a.m. (or at a time near 6 a.m.) on weekdays. Identifying additional data items may also include: obtaining at least one of information associated with a device application and information from a remote source; and identifying a corresponding notification based on the information. As an example, a user may have previously booked a flight from San Francisco to Boston, so that the flight information may be retained on an airline application on the device. The airline application may provide updated information about the flight, such as a delay in the departure time. The notification may include information that is easy for the user to browse, such as "Flight number 34 to New York City is delayed by one hour." Therefore, when the information is obtained, a data item including a notification with delayed flight information may be identified and associated with a high confidence. Identifying additional data items may also include identifying a prediction of a device application. For example, a user may be visiting a historical location or other important event. Thus, data items associated with a camera application may be identified to allow a user to capture media of the location or event.

[0215] In some examples, an additional data item is identified based on determining that none of the multiple identified confidence values ​​exceeds a confidence threshold, and the additional data item is associated with a usage value. Generally speaking, various tasks or other applications on a device may not be used as frequently as other tasks and applications. For example, a user may rarely use a "home" application associated with tasks related to home automation, networked home appliances, home security, etc. Therefore, the usage value associated with the "home" application may be low (e.g., 5 (out of 100)). When none of the multiple identified confidence values ​​exceeds the confidence threshold, it is determined that the "home" application usage value does not exceed the usage threshold (e.g., threshold 10 (out of 100)). Therefore, an additional data item corresponding to the "home" application or a task related to the home application (e.g., "turn on the living room lights") may be added to the multiple data items. Therefore, based on the confidence value of the additional data item being the highest confidence value among the multiple confidence values, the additional item may be displayed as a replacement for the currently displayed data item. Alternatively, the additional data item may be ultimately displayed when the user scrolls or otherwise rotates through the grouping of data items displayed on the display.

[0216] Watch now Figure 8 , a process 800 for selecting an arrangement of data items is shown. Generally speaking, data items displayed to a user may be associated with various display sizes. For example, multiple data items may be displayed to a user simultaneously, such as via a "home screen" displayed on an electronic device, such as with respect to Fig. 9 Discussed in more detail. Specifically, multiple data items may be arranged based on various factors as described herein and presented to the user. For example, the first data item arrangement 802 may include a first displayable data item 804, which includes a single data item 804a. Data item 804a may have a corresponding display size of two units × four units. Each unit may correspond to a corresponding display area (e.g., a predetermined number of pixels per unit). The first data item arrangement 802 may also include a second displayable data item 806, which includes a data item 806a and four data items 806b. Data item 806a may have a corresponding display size of two units × two units, while data item 806b each has a corresponding display size of one unit × one unit. The first data item arrangement 802 may also include a third displayable data item 808, which includes two data items 808a and four data items 808b. The data items 808a may each have a corresponding display size of one unit by two units, while the data items 808b may each have a corresponding display size of one unit by one unit.

[0217] Once the first plurality of data items are identified, a second plurality of data items may be identified from the first plurality of data items so as to select an arrangement of the data items for display. Generally speaking, the second plurality of data items may be selected based on a high confidence value. Specifically, each data item in the second plurality of data items that is associated with an item confidence value that exceeds a predetermined threshold may be selected. The predetermined threshold may correspond to a specific percentile of the combined confidence values ​​from the first plurality of data items. As an example, the first plurality of data items may include 40 data items, and the confidence values ​​of the first plurality of data items may be in the range of 5 (out of 100) to 95 (out of 100). The 60th percentile of the confidence value may correspond to a confidence value of 75 (out of 100), such that 16 data items include confidence values ​​equal to or greater than 75, and 24 data items include confidence values ​​less than 75. Therefore, the predetermined threshold may correspond to 75 (out of 100), and the second plurality of data items include 16 data items with confidence values ​​of 75 or greater.

[0218] In some examples, identifying the second plurality of data items includes determining a similarity score based on the first data item and the second data item exceeding a predetermined threshold. Specifically, the similarity score may indicate duplicate data items or otherwise substantially similar data items within the first plurality of data items. As an example, the first data item may correspond to a weather application, and the second data item may correspond to a task of checking the weather in San Francisco. Based on determining that the data items correspond to the same domain (e.g., the weather domain), the similarity score may be increased. Additionally, based on determining that the tasks correspond to the same application (e.g., selection of the task will invoke the weather application), the similarity score may be increased.

[0219] Other factors may be used to adjust or otherwise determine the similarity score, such as the results of performing a task. For example, a first data item may correspond to a task of playing a song on an electronic device (e.g., a mobile phone) using a first application, while a second data item may correspond to a task of playing a song on another electronic device (e.g., a surround sound system) using a second media application. In this example, although both tasks may involve the same domain (e.g., media, music, etc.), the similarity score may not exceed a predetermined threshold, given that different target devices are used. In some examples, based on determining that the similarity score exceeds the similarity threshold, the first data item or the second data item is not included in the second plurality of data items. For example, data items with higher confidence values ​​may be included, while data items with lower confidence values ​​may be excluded.

[0220] In some examples, based on the similarity score between the data item and the displayed affordance, the data item is excluded from the second plurality of data items. For example, the data item may correspond to a weather application (e.g., such as Figure 7B 712). The user may have arranged affordances on the home screen (or the currently displayed screen) of the device, such as affordances for invoking various applications. One of the affordances on the home screen may be associated with a weather application (e.g., the same weather application or a similar weather application corresponding to the data item). Similar to the above determination, based on determining that the similarity score exceeds the similarity threshold, the first data item is not included in the identified second plurality of data items based on the similarity to the application affordance on the home screen.

[0221] In general, the system may prefer to display a larger amount of information to the user rather than a smaller amount of information. Specifically, various subsets of data items of the second plurality of data items may be determined, wherein each of the data items in the subset corresponds to the same display size. The data items in each subset may also be weighted based on the display size corresponding to the data items of the subset. As an example, based on determining that the first display size is smaller than the second display size, each data item of the first subset is weighted higher than each data item of the second subset. Return to reference Figure 8 , for example, data items 806b and 808b (each having a size of one square unit) may each be identified as a first subset having a first weight (e.g., a weight of 4, where 4 is the highest weight). Data item 808a (having a size of two square units) may each be identified as a second subset having a second weight (e.g., a weight of 3). Data item 806a (having a size of four square units) may be identified as a third subset having a third weight (e.g., a weight of 2). Data item 804a (having a size of eight square units) may be identified as a fourth subset having a fourth weight (e.g., a weight of 1, where 1 is the lowest weight). In some examples, additional units may be included within a subset. Thus, the data items may each be weighted based on the respective weights associated with the subsets. For example, data item 804a may be associated with a weight of 1, and data items 806b and 808b may be associated with a weight of 4.

[0222] Selecting the arrangement of data items may generally include identifying a predetermined display item size. The display item size may correspond to the size of the displayed data item, such as the size of the displayable data item. For example, the predetermined display item size may correspond to the size of the displayable data items 804, 806, and 808, such as eight square cells. A high confidence subset of a second plurality of data items may be identified, wherein each data item of the high confidence subset is associated with an item confidence value exceeding a second predetermined threshold (e.g., a data item with a confidence value in the top 10% of the data items within the second plurality of data items). Specifically, once a weight is applied to the data item based on the relative display size of the data item, and / or once duplicate data items or redundant data items are removed from a plurality of data items, a high confidence subset may be identified. In some examples, a plurality of display sizes of the data items corresponding to the subset are combined, wherein the combined display size is less than or equal to the predetermined display item size. For example, data items 804a, 806a, 806b, 808a, and 808b may be identified as a high confidence subset of data items associated with an item confidence value exceeding a second predetermined threshold. The combined display size of data items 804a, 806a, 806b, 808a, and 808b may be 24 square cells. Specifically, the predetermined display item size may correspond to the overall size of the displayable data items 804, 806, and 808, which may be 24 square cells.

[0223] Once the combined display size is determined, a plurality of corresponding data items may be provided as candidate arrangements, such as candidate arrangement 810. Candidate arrangement 810 may include displayable data items 812, 814, and 816. Displayable data items 812 may include data items 812a and 812b. Data items 812a and 812b may be associated with the highest confidence values ​​(weighted or unweighted) of the high confidence subset. Thus, data items 812a and 812b may be displayed to the user as the "top" data items on the grouping of data items within displayable data items 812, such as with respect to Fig. 9Similarly, data item 814a may be associated with the next highest confidence value of the high confidence subset (e.g., lower than the confidence values ​​of data items 812a and 812b) and may be displayed to the user within the second displayable data item 814 in the data item grouping (e.g., the user may provide a single contact motion to “swipe” from displayable data item 812 to displayable data item 814). Data items 816a and 816b may be associated with the next highest confidence value of the high confidence subset (e.g., lower than the confidence values ​​of data items 812a, 812b, and 814a) and may be displayed to the user within the third displayable data item 816 in the data item grouping (e.g., the user may provide two contact motions to “swipe” from displayable data item 812 to displayable data item 816).

[0224] In some examples, multiple candidate arrangements are obtained, and scores associated with each candidate arrangement are obtained. The scores may be affected based on various factors, such as the proximity of a particular data item to other data items. For example, when the arrangement includes a displayable data item having a data item for a task and a data item for an application associated with the task (e.g., a task of "call dad" and an application of "phone"), the score may be reduced. In some examples, when the arrangement includes a uniform variety of display item sizes (e.g., an equal or approximately equal number of one square unit size, two square unit sizes, four square unit sizes, and eight square unit sizes), the score may be increased. Once the scores of the candidate arrangements are identified, the candidate arrangement with the highest score is selected to be used as the data item grouping displayed to the user.

[0225] refer to Fig. 9 , the selected arrangement of the second plurality of data items may be displayed to the user on the electronic device 900. Specifically, a candidate arrangement including displayable data items 902 may be displayed. The displayable data items 902 may include various data items associated with tasks and / or applications on the device 900. For example, the displayable data items 902 may include data items 904 associated with a task of initiating a phone call and / or data items 906 associated with a task of playing a particular song or album. The displayable data items 902 may also include data items 908 related to various applications on the device 900, such as a news application, a camera application, a mail application, and / or a stock application. In some examples, the size of the displayable data items may be configured by the user. For example, the user may configure a user preference indicating a setting for a displayable data item size of eight square units, such that a predetermined display item size is predefined by the user.

[0226] Generally speaking, input may be received from a third party for identifying and displaying data items. For example, a third party may provide a type associated with a data item. As an example, a user may download a data item provided by a third party, such as a data item associated with an application for a food delivery service. A third party may specify a data item associated with a food delivery service as a data item that provides "in-session" content. Additional parameters or other requirements may be associated with a specific data item, such as an "in-session" data item. For example, a data item corresponding to an "in-session" data type may be associated with an increased confidence when historical updates to such data items are frequently provided. Specifically, when a user uses a food delivery service application, the user may submit a food order for delivery at a specific address. Once the order is submitted, an order update may be provided to the food delivery service application from a third party. Order updates may be provided periodically, such as once every 10 seconds, once every 30 seconds, once every minute, once every two minutes, etc. For an "in-session" type data item, when the historical update frequency is higher than a threshold frequency, the confidence value associated with the data item may increase. In this example, the confidence value associated with the food delivery service application may increase when updates are provided from the third party at least once every 30 seconds.

[0227] In some examples, a third party may designate a data item as a "recommended content" type. For example, a data item corresponding to a news application may be associated with the "recommended content" type. Specifically, a data item for a news application may include a sufficient display size (e.g., four square cells or eight square cells) to display a "breaking news" headline and a brief description of the news. Based on determining that the identified data item type corresponds to the "recommended content" type, determine the amount of viewing time corresponding to the data item. Specifically, a user activity indicating that a user is viewing a data item including news information may increase a confidence value associated with the data item. For example, a user may be providing user input to scroll through a group of displayed data items. The user may navigate to a news application data item and "pause" a sufficient amount of time when displaying a news headline, and may then continue to scroll through the group of data items. In this example, the confidence value associated with the news application data item may be increased based on a user activity consistent with the user pausing to view content from the news application.

[0228] Additional user activity related to a "recommended content" type data item may result in an increase in the confidence value. For example, if a user provides user input corresponding to a news application data item (e.g., user input on or near the data item), the corresponding news application may be invoked. The news application may also navigate to a specific news article displayed via the news application data item prior to receiving the user input. In response to receiving user input indicating that the user is interested in the news application and / or the news article, the confidence value of the news application increases.

[0229] In some examples, context information corresponding to multiple users may be obtained based on the detected location of the electronic device. One or more data items may be identified based on the context information. The data items associated with the ride-sharing application may correspond to a ride-sharing company. The ride-sharing company may operate in a first area, but not in a second area. Therefore, the context information corresponding to the first plurality of users in the first area may indicate that the ride-sharing application is frequently used among the first plurality of users when the users are located in the first area. The context information corresponding to the second plurality of users in the second area may indicate that the ride-sharing application is not used among the second plurality of users when the users are located in the second area. In this example, the confidence value associated with the ride-sharing application may increase when the detected location of the electronic device corresponds to the first area, and may decrease when the detected location of the electronic device corresponds to the second area.

[0230] return Fig. 9 , a user may provide user input that includes a selection of a displayed data item. For example, a user may provide input on or near a data item associated with a task, such as data item 904. Thus, a task corresponding to an executable command may be performed, such as a task to call a contact named "John Appleseed". In some examples, a confidence value associated with the corresponding data item 904 may be increased (e.g., a user interaction with the data item may indicate a high likelihood of subsequent user interaction with the data item). In some examples, a user may provide input on or near a data item associated with a device application, such as data item 908 corresponding to a "stocks" application on an electronic device. Thus, an application corresponding to "stocks" may be called. In some examples, a confidence value associated with the stock application data item 908 may be increased upon receiving the user input.

[0231] FIG. 10A to FIG. 10BA process 1000 for providing relevant data items based on context according to various examples is shown. For example, process 1000 is performed using one or more electronic devices that implement a digital assistant. In some examples, process 1000 is performed using a client-server system (e.g., system 100), and the boxes of process 1000 are divided in any manner between a server (e.g., DA server 106) and a client device. In other examples, the boxes of process 1000 are divided between a server and multiple client devices (e.g., a mobile phone and a smart watch). Therefore, although parts of process 1000 are described herein as being performed by a specific device of a client-server system, it should be understood that process 1000 is not limited thereto. In other examples, process 1000 is performed using only a client device (e.g., user device 104) or only multiple client devices. In process 1000, some boxes are optionally combined, the order of some boxes is optionally changed, and some boxes are optionally omitted. In some examples, additional steps may be performed in conjunction with process 1000.

[0232] At block 1002, a plurality of data items selected by a user are received. At block 1004, a plurality of confidence values ​​corresponding to the plurality of data items are identified, wherein the confidence values ​​indicate relevance of the respective data items to current context information. In some examples, based on determining that none of the plurality of identified confidence values ​​exceeds a confidence threshold, an additional data item associated with a usage value is identified, and based on determining that the usage value does not exceed the usage threshold, the additional data item is added to the plurality of data items selected by the user. At block 1006, the plurality of data items may be sorted based on the plurality of confidence values, wherein a first data item in the sorted plurality of data items is associated with a first confidence value in the plurality of confidence values, and a second data item in the sorted plurality of data items is associated with a second confidence value in the plurality of confidence values, wherein the first confidence value is higher than the second confidence value. Sorting the plurality of data items selected by the user based on relevance to the current context information provides improved feedback to the user by displaying the most relevant data items where appropriate. Providing improved feedback to the user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by reducing the amount of user input used to navigate to relevant data items), which in turn reduces power usage and extends the battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

[0233] At box 1008, a first data item is displayed, wherein a user input corresponding to the first data item causes the display of the second data item to replace the display of the first data item. In some examples, displaying the first data item includes: displaying a group of a plurality of ordered data items and displaying the first data item as superimposed on the group of the plurality of ordered data items. In some examples, the user input corresponding to the first data item includes a contact movement in a first direction, wherein in response to receiving the user input, the second data item is displayed as a display replacing the first data item. In some examples, a second user input corresponding to the second data item is received, wherein the second user input includes a contact movement in a second direction opposite to the first direction, wherein in response to receiving the second user input, the first data item is displayed as a display replacing the second data item. Allowing the user to navigate back and forth in the data item grouping provides the user with additional control options without cluttering the user interface with additional display controls. Providing additional control options to the user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient, which in turn reduces power usage and extends the battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

[0234] In some examples, the displayed data item is associated with a device application. In some examples, user input is received, the user input includes a selection of the displayed data item, wherein a confidence value associated with the displayed data item is increased, and a device application associated with the displayed data item is called, wherein calling the application includes replacing the display of the displayed data item with the called application. In some examples, the displayed data item is associated with an executable command. In some examples, user input is received, the user input includes a selection of the displayed data item, wherein a confidence value associated with the displayed data item is increased, and a task associated with the displayed data item is performed, wherein the task corresponds to an executable command.

[0235] At block 1010, updated context information associated with the electronic device is retrieved. In some examples, in response to retrieving updated context information associated with the electronic device, additional data items associated with the corresponding confidence value are identified, and based on determining that the corresponding confidence value exceeds a confidence threshold, the additional data items are added to the plurality of data items selected by the user. In some examples, identifying the additional data items associated with the corresponding confidence value includes: receiving input corresponding to at least one of a user interaction history and a movement history of the electronic device; and identifying a prediction of a user action as an additional data item based on the received input. In some examples, an update to the plurality of confidence values ​​is detected based on the updated context information, wherein the updated plurality of confidence values ​​includes a third confidence value associated with a third data item in the sorted plurality of data items. In some examples, identifying the additional data items associated with the corresponding confidence value includes: obtaining at least one of information associated with a device application and information from a remote source; and identifying a notification as an additional data item based on the obtained information. In some examples, identifying the additional data item associated with the corresponding confidence value includes: obtaining a prediction of a device application based on current context information; and identifying the device application associated with the prediction as the additional data item. Adding the additional data item to the plurality of data items selected by the user provides an improved system for displaying related data items by performing an operation when a set of conditions are met without requiring additional user input. Performing the operation without requiring additional user input enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient, which in turn reduces power usage and extends the battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

[0236] At block 1012, an update to a plurality of confidence values ​​is detected based on the updated context information, wherein the updated plurality of confidence values ​​include a third confidence value associated with a third data item in the ordered plurality of data items. In some examples, detecting the update to the plurality of confidence values ​​includes: identifying a respective confidence value associated with the respective data item, wherein the respective confidence value is based at least in part on an association between the respective data item and a location of the electronic device; detecting movement of the electronic device from a first location to a second location; and increasing the respective confidence value based on determining that the respective data item includes an association with the second location. In some examples, detecting the update to the plurality of confidence values ​​based on the updated context information includes: identifying a respective confidence value associated with the respective data item, wherein the respective confidence value is based at least in part on an association between the respective data item and a calendar event; identifying a start time associated with the respective calendar event, wherein the start time is within a threshold time from a current time; and increasing the respective confidence value based on determining that the respective data item includes an association with the respective calendar event. In some examples, detecting updates to multiple confidence values ​​based on updated contextual information includes: identifying a corresponding confidence value associated with a corresponding data item, wherein the corresponding confidence value is based at least in part on an association between the corresponding data item and current information associated with a device application; receiving update information corresponding to the device application; and adjusting the corresponding confidence value based on determining that the corresponding data item includes an association with the update information. In some examples, detecting updates to multiple confidence values ​​based on updated contextual information includes: identifying a corresponding confidence value associated with a corresponding data item, wherein the corresponding confidence value is based on at least one of a user preference and a user interaction history; receiving update information corresponding to at least one of a user preference and a user interaction history; and adjusting the corresponding confidence value based on determining that the corresponding data item includes an association with the update information. Determining confidence based on multiple factors (e.g., location, event start time, updated application information, etc.) provides an improved system for displaying related data items by maintaining updated data item groupings based on the context of the device and thereby displaying related data to a user when the user interacts with the device. Performing these operations without requiring additional user input enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient, which in turn reduces power usage and extends the battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

[0237] At block 1014, it is determined whether the third confidence value is higher than the first confidence value. At block 1016, in accordance with determining that the third confidence value is higher than the first confidence value, modify the order of the sorted plurality of data items based on the contextual information. In some examples, modifying the order of the sorted plurality of data items based on the contextual information includes: modifying the order value of the third data item, wherein the modified order value of the third data item corresponds to the highest order value of the sorted plurality of data items; and modifying the order value of each data item in the plurality of data items, wherein the modified order values ​​are arranged in descending order based on the descending order of the updated confidence values. In some examples, the fourth data item is associated with the second highest order value of the sorted plurality of data items, wherein a user input corresponding to the displayed third data item is received, wherein the user input corresponding to the displayed third data item includes a contact movement in a first direction. In some examples, in response to receiving the user input, the fourth data item is displayed as a display replacing the third data item, and the order value of the fourth data item is modified, wherein the modified order value of the fourth data item corresponds to the highest order value of the sorted plurality of data items.

[0238] References FIG. 10A to FIG. 10B The described operations are optionally performed by Figures 1 to 4 and FIG. 6A to FIG. 6B For example, the operations of process 1000 may be implemented by one or more of the following: operating system 226, communication module (or instruction set) 228, contact / motion module (or instruction set) 230, graphics module (or instruction set) 232, text input module (or instruction set) 234, global positioning system (GPS) module (or instruction set) 235, digital assistant client module 229, application (or instruction set) 236, media service 120-1, processor 220, 410 and / or other components described herein. A person of ordinary skill in the art will clearly know how to implement the process 1000 based on the above. Figures 1 to 4 and FIG. 6A to FIG. 6B The components depicted in the figure are used to implement other processes.

[0239] Fig.11A process 1100 for providing relevant data items based on context according to various examples is shown. For example, process 1100 is performed using one or more electronic devices that implement a digital assistant. In some examples, process 1100 is performed using a client-server system (e.g., system 100), and the boxes of process 1100 are divided in any way between a server (e.g., DA server 106) and a client device. In other examples, the boxes of process 1100 are divided between a server and multiple client devices (e.g., a mobile phone and a smart watch). Therefore, although parts of process 1100 are described herein as being performed by a specific device of a client-server system, it should be understood that process 1100 is not limited thereto. In other examples, process 1100 is performed using only a client device (e.g., user device 104) or only multiple client devices. In process 1100, some boxes are optionally combined, the order of some boxes is optionally changed, and some boxes are optionally omitted. In some examples, additional steps may be performed in conjunction with process 1100.

[0240] At block 1102, a first plurality of data items are identified from a plurality of data models, wherein each data model in the plurality of data models is associated with a model confidence value, and each data item in the first plurality of data items is previously selected by a user. In some examples, a type associated with a respective data item is identified, wherein based on determining that the identified type corresponds to a predetermined type, a determination is made as to whether a set of criteria associated with the predetermined type is satisfied, and based on determining that the set of criteria is satisfied, a confidence value associated with the respective data item is increased. In some examples, determining whether the set of criteria associated with the predetermined type is satisfied includes: based on determining that the identified type corresponds to a session type, obtaining a parameter associated with a historical update to the respective data item; and based on determining that the obtained parameter satisfies an update threshold, increasing the confidence value associated with the respective data item. In some examples, determining whether the set of criteria associated with the predetermined type is satisfied includes: based on determining that the identified type corresponds to a recommended type, identifying an amount of viewing time corresponding to the respective data item; and based on determining that the amount of viewing time satisfies a viewing time threshold, increasing the confidence value associated with the respective data item. In some examples, determining whether a set of criteria associated with a predetermined type is met includes: receiving user input corresponding to the corresponding data item while displaying the corresponding data item; and increasing a confidence value associated with the corresponding data item based on the user input corresponding to the corresponding data item in accordance with determining that the identified type corresponds to a recommended type. Modifying the confidence value based on criteria associated with the predetermined type of the data item provides improved feedback to the user by displaying related data items from a third party, as long as such data items meet certain display criteria. Providing improved feedback to the user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient, which in turn reduces power usage and extends the battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

[0241] At block 1104, a plurality of item confidence values ​​are obtained based on a comparison of model confidence values, wherein each data item in the first plurality of data items is associated with an item confidence value in the plurality of item confidence values, and the plurality of item confidence values ​​indicate a relevance of the corresponding data item to the current context information. In some examples, obtaining the plurality of item confidence values ​​based on the comparison of model confidence values ​​includes: identifying a subset of the first plurality of data items, wherein the subset corresponds to a plurality of data items received from a first data model, the subset is associated with a corresponding plurality of item confidence values, and the data model is associated with the first model confidence value. In some examples, based on determining that the first model confidence value exceeds a model confidence threshold, a weight of the corresponding plurality of item confidence values ​​is increased, wherein the obtained plurality of item confidence values ​​include a weighted plurality of item confidence values. Adjusting the weight associated with the data item based on the confidence corresponding to the relevant data model provides improved feedback to the user by providing an additional factor for further refining the confidence value corresponding to the data item. Providing improved feedback to the user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient, which in turn reduces power usage and extends the battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

[0242] At block 1106, a second plurality of data items are identified from the first plurality of data items, each data item in the second plurality of data items being associated with an item confidence value that exceeds a predetermined threshold. In some examples, identifying the second plurality of data items from the first plurality of data items includes: identifying a first data item and a second data item from the first plurality of data items, wherein the first data item and the second data item are each associated with an item confidence value that exceeds a predetermined threshold; determining a similarity score based on the first data item and the second data item; and based on determining that the similarity score exceeds the similarity threshold, including the first data item in the identified second plurality of data items and forgoing including the second data item in the identified second plurality of data items, wherein the first data item is associated with a higher confidence score than the second data item. In some examples, identifying a second plurality of data items from a first plurality of data items includes: identifying a first data item from the first plurality of data items, wherein the first data item is associated with an item confidence value that exceeds a predetermined threshold; detecting a displayed affordance associated with a device application; determining a similarity score based on the first data item and the device application associated with the displayed affordance; and based on determining that the similarity score exceeds the similarity threshold, forgoing including the first data item in the identified second plurality of data items. Determining similarity scores based on data items provides improved feedback to a user by removing redundant data items or duplicate data items from a data item grouping. Providing improved feedback to the user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient, which in turn reduces power usage and extends the battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

[0243] At block 1108, a display size for each data item in the second plurality of data items is identified. At block 1110, an arrangement of the second plurality of data items is selected based on the identified display size. In some examples, selecting the arrangement of the second plurality of data items includes: identifying a first subset of the second plurality of data items, wherein each data item of the first subset is associated with a first display size; identifying a second subset of the second plurality of data items, wherein each data item of the second subset is associated with a second display size; and based on determining that the first display size is smaller than the second display size, weighting each data item of the first subset higher than each data item of the second subset. In some examples, selecting an arrangement of the second plurality of data items includes: identifying a predetermined display item size; and selecting at least one data item of the second plurality of data items based on the predetermined display item size, wherein the selection includes: identifying a third subset of the second plurality of data items, wherein each data item of the third subset is associated with an item confidence value that exceeds a second predetermined threshold; combining a plurality of display sizes corresponding to data items of the third subset of data items, wherein the combined display size is less than or equal to the predetermined display item size; and providing a plurality of corresponding data items as candidate arrangements, wherein the plurality of corresponding data items correspond to the combined plurality of display sizes. In some examples, the predetermined display item size is predefined by a user. In some examples, selecting an arrangement of the second plurality of data items includes: obtaining a plurality of candidate arrangements; identifying a score corresponding to each candidate arrangement of the plurality of candidate arrangements; and selecting a candidate arrangement having a highest score among the identified scores. Determining the candidate arrangement of the data items reduces the number of inputs required to perform an operation to optimize displaying a single or multiple data items to a user at one time. Reducing the number of inputs required to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient, which in turn reduces power usage and extends the battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

[0244] At box 1112, the selected arrangement of the second plurality of data items is displayed. In some examples, a third plurality of data items that exceed a predetermined confidence value are identified, wherein the third plurality of data items have not been previously selected by the user. In some examples, a display size of each data item in the third plurality of data items is identified, an arrangement of the second plurality of data items and the third plurality of data items is selected based on the identified display size, and the selected arrangement of the second plurality of data items and the third plurality of data items is displayed. In some examples, identifying the third plurality of data items that exceed the predetermined confidence value includes: receiving input corresponding to at least one of a user interaction history and a movement history of the electronic device; and identifying a prediction of a user action as a data item in the third plurality of data items based on the received input. In some examples, identifying the third plurality of data items that exceed the predetermined confidence value includes: obtaining at least one of information associated with a device application and information from a remote source; and identifying a notification as a data item in the third plurality of data items based on the obtained information. In some examples, identifying the third plurality of data items that exceed the predetermined confidence value includes: obtaining a prediction of a device application based on current context information; and identifying a device application associated with the prediction as a data item in the third plurality of data items. In some examples, the location of the electronic device is detected, additional contextual information corresponding to multiple users is obtained based on the location, and a third plurality of data items associated with corresponding plurality of item confidence values ​​are identified, wherein the corresponding plurality of item confidence values ​​indicate the relevance of the third plurality of data items to the additional contextual information. Determining confidence based on multiple factors (e.g., location, event start time, updated application information, etc.) provides an improved system for displaying relevant data items by keeping updated data item groupings according to the context of the device and thus displaying relevant data to the user when the user interacts with the device. Performing these operations without requiring additional user input enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient, which in turn reduces power usage and extends the battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

[0245] References Fig.11 The described operations are optionally performed by Figures 1 to 4 and FIG. 6A to FIG. 6BFor example, the operations of process 1100 may be implemented by one or more of the following: operating system 226, communication module (or instruction set) 228, contact / motion module (or instruction set) 230, graphics module (or instruction set) 232, text input module (or instruction set) 234, global positioning system (GPS) module (or instruction set) 235, digital assistant client module 229, application (or instruction set) 236, media service 120-1, processor 220, 410 and / or other components described herein. A person of ordinary skill in the art will clearly know how to implement the process 1100 based on the above. Figures 1 to 4 and FIG. 6A to FIG. 6B The components depicted in the figure are used to implement other processes.

[0246] According to some specific implementations, a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) is provided, which stores one or more programs for execution by one or more processors of an electronic device, the one or more programs including instructions for performing any of the methods or processes described herein.

[0247] According to some implementations, an electronic device (eg, a portable electronic device) is provided that includes means for performing any of the methods and processes described herein.

[0248] According to some implementations, an electronic device (eg, a portable electronic device) is provided that includes a processing unit configured to perform any of the methods and processes described herein.

[0249] According to some specific implementations, an electronic device (e.g., a portable electronic device) is provided, which includes one or more processors and a memory storing one or more programs for execution by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for performing any of the methods and processes described herein.

[0250] For the purpose of explanation, the preceding description is described by reference to specific embodiments. However, the above exemplary discussion is not intended to be exhaustive or limit the invention to the disclosed precise form. According to the above teachings, many modifications and variations are possible. These embodiments are selected and described in order to best explain the principles of these technologies and their practical applications. Others skilled in the art can thus best utilize these technologies and various embodiments with various modifications suitable for the intended specific use.

[0251] Although the disclosure and examples have been fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be noted that various changes and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art. It should be understood that such changes and modifications are considered to be included within the scope of the disclosure and examples defined by the claims.

[0252] As described above, one aspect of the present technology is to collect and use data available from various sources to improve the delivery of relevant data items to users based on the current context. The present disclosure contemplates that, in some instances, these collected data may include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate a specific person. Such personal information data may include demographic data, location-based data, phone numbers, email addresses, Twitter IDs, home addresses, data or records related to the user's health or fitness level (e.g., vital sign measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, or any other identifying or personal information.

[0253] The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data in the present technology can be used to benefit the user. For example, the personal information data can be used to update the confidence level associated with the data items selected by the user and / or the additional data items not selected by the user. In addition, the present disclosure also anticipates other uses of the personal information data that benefit the user. For example, health and fitness data can be used to provide insights into the user's overall health status, or can be used as positive feedback to individuals using technology to pursue health goals.

[0254] This disclosure envisions that entities responsible for collecting, analyzing, disclosing, transmitting, storing or otherwise using such personal information data will comply with established privacy policies and / or privacy practices. Specifically, such entities should implement and adhere to privacy policies and practices that are recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or government requirements for maintaining the privacy and security of personal information data. Such policies should be easily accessible to users and should be updated as the collection and / or use of data changes. Personal information from users should be collected for legitimate and reasonable purposes of the entity and not shared or sold outside of these legitimate uses. In addition, such collection / sharing should be performed after receiving informed consent from the user. In addition, such entities should consider taking any necessary steps to defend and secure access to such personal information data and ensure that others who have access to personal information data comply with their privacy policies and processes. In addition, such entities may subject themselves to third-party assessments to demonstrate their compliance with widely accepted privacy policies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should be adjusted to specific types of personal information data collected and / or accessed, and to applicable laws and standards including specific considerations of jurisdiction. For example, in the United States, the collection or access of certain health data may be governed by federal and / or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), while health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly. Therefore, different privacy practices should be maintained in each country for different types of personal data.

[0255] Regardless of the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates implementation schemes in which users selectively block the use or access of personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware elements and / or software elements may be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, in the case of providing relevant data items to users, the present technology may be configured to allow users to choose to "opt in" or "opt out" to participate in the collection of personal information data during registration for a service or at any time thereafter. In another example, a user may choose not to provide personal information used to provide relevant data items, such as information associated with saved contacts or calendar information. In addition to providing "opt-in" and "opt-out" options, the present disclosure contemplates providing notifications related to access or use of personal information. For example, a user may be notified that their personal information data will be accessed when downloading an application, and then the user may be reminded again just before the personal information data is accessed by the application.

[0256] Furthermore, it is an object of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and processed to minimize the risk of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risks can be minimized by limiting data collection and deleting data once it is no longer needed. Additionally, and when applicable, including in certain health-related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect the privacy of users. Where appropriate, de-identification can be facilitated by removing specific identifiers (e.g., date of birth, etc.), controlling the amount or characteristics of stored data (e.g., collecting location data at a city level rather than an address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users), and / or other methods.

[0257] Thus, while the present disclosure broadly covers the use of personal information data to implement one or more of the various disclosed embodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that various embodiments may also be implemented without access to such personal information data. That is, various embodiments of the present technology will not fail to function properly due to the lack of all or a portion of such personal information data. For example, data items may be selected and provided to a user by inferring preferences based on non-personal information data or an absolute minimum amount of personal information (such as content requested by a device associated with the user, other non-personal information or publicly available information that may be used to provide the relevant data items).

Claims

1. An electronic device, comprising: one or more processors; Memory; and One or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs comprising instructions for: A first plurality of data items is identified from a plurality of data models, wherein: Each data model of the plurality of data models is associated with a model confidence value; and Each data item in the first plurality of data items was previously selected by a user; A plurality of item confidence values ​​are obtained based on the comparison of the model confidence values, wherein: Each data item of the first plurality of data items is associated with an item confidence value of the plurality of item confidence values; and The plurality of item confidence values ​​indicate relevance of corresponding data items to current context information; identifying a second plurality of data items from the first plurality of data items, each data item in the second plurality of data items being associated with an item confidence value exceeding a predetermined threshold; identifying a display size for each data item in the second plurality of data items; selecting an arrangement of the second plurality of data items based on the identified display size; and The selected arrangement of the second plurality of data items is displayed.

2. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein obtaining the plurality of item confidence values ​​based on the comparison of the model confidence values ​​comprises: A subset of the first plurality of data items is identified, wherein: The subset corresponds to a plurality of data items received from the first data model; The subsets are associated with a corresponding plurality of item confidence values; and The first data model is associated with a first model confidence value; and According to determining that the first model confidence value exceeds a model confidence threshold: The weights of the corresponding plurality of item confidence values ​​are increased, wherein the obtained plurality of item confidence values ​​comprises a weighted plurality of item confidence values.

3. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein identifying the second plurality of data items from the first plurality of data items comprises: identifying a first data item and a second data item from the first plurality of data items, wherein the first data item and the second data item are each associated with an item confidence value that exceeds the predetermined threshold; determining a similarity score based on the first data item and the second data item; as well as Based on determining that the similarity score exceeds a similarity threshold: including the first data item in the identified second plurality of data items; and Inclusion of the second data item in the identified second plurality of data items is foregone, wherein the first data item is associated with a higher confidence score than the second data item.

4. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein identifying the second plurality of data items from the first plurality of data items comprises: identifying a first data item of the first plurality of data items, wherein the first data item is associated with an item confidence value that exceeds the predetermined threshold; detecting a displayed affordance associated with a device application; determining a similarity score based on the first data item and the device application associated with the displayed affordance; as well as Based on determining that the similarity score exceeds a similarity threshold, the first data item is discarded from inclusion in the identified second plurality of data items.

5. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein selecting the arrangement of the second plurality of data items comprises: identifying a first subset of the second plurality of data items, wherein each data item of the first subset is associated with a first display size; identifying a second subset of the second plurality of data items, wherein each data item of the second subset is associated with a second display size; as well as Based on determining that the first display size is smaller than the second display size, each data item of the first subset is weighted higher than each data item of the second subset.

6. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein selecting the arrangement of the second plurality of data items comprises: identifying predetermined display item sizes; as well as selecting at least one data item of the second plurality of data items based on the predetermined display item size, wherein selecting comprises: identifying a third subset of the second plurality of data items, wherein each data item of the third subset is associated with an item confidence value exceeding a second predetermined threshold; combining a plurality of display sizes corresponding to data items of the third subset of data items, wherein the combined plurality of display sizes is less than or equal to the predetermined display item size; and A plurality of corresponding data items are provided as candidate arrangements, wherein the plurality of corresponding data items correspond to the combined plurality of display sizes. The electronic device according to claim 6 , wherein the predetermined display item size is predefined by the user.

8. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein selecting the arrangement of the second plurality of data items comprises: Obtaining multiple candidate arrangements; identifying a score corresponding to each candidate arrangement of the plurality of candidate arrangements; as well as The candidate arrangement having the highest score among the identified scores is selected.

9. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for: identifying a third plurality of data items that exceed a predetermined confidence value, wherein the third plurality of data items have not been previously selected by the user; identifying a display size for each data item in the third plurality of data items; selecting an arrangement of the second and third pluralities of data items based on the identified display size; as well as The selected arrangement of the second plurality of data items and the third plurality of data items is displayed.

10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein identifying the third plurality of data items that exceed the predetermined confidence value comprises: receiving input corresponding to at least one of a user interaction history and a movement history of the electronic device; as well as A prediction of a user action is identified as a data item in the third plurality of data items based on the received input.

11. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein identifying the third plurality of data items that exceed the predetermined confidence value comprises: obtaining at least one of information associated with a device application and information from a remote source; as well as A notification is identified as a data item in the third plurality of data items based on the acquired information.

12. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein identifying the third plurality of data items that exceed the predetermined confidence value comprises: obtaining a prediction of a device application based on the current context information; as well as The device application associated with the prediction is identified as a data item in the third plurality of data items.

13. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for: identifying a type associated with the corresponding data item; Based on determining that the identified type corresponds to a predetermined type, determining whether a set of criteria associated with the predetermined type is satisfied; and Based on determining that the set of criteria is satisfied, a confidence value associated with the corresponding data item is increased.

14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein determining whether the set of criteria associated with the predetermined type is met comprises: Based on determining that the identified type corresponds to a session type, obtaining parameters associated with historical updates to the corresponding data item; as well as Based on determining that the obtained parameter satisfies an update threshold, the confidence value associated with the corresponding data item is increased.

15. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein determining whether the set of criteria associated with the predetermined type is met comprises: based on determining that the identified category corresponds to a recommended category, identifying an amount of viewing time corresponding to the corresponding data item; as well as Based on determining that the amount of viewing time satisfies a viewing time threshold, the confidence value associated with the corresponding data item is increased.

16. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein determining whether the set of criteria associated with the predetermined type is met comprises: receiving a user input corresponding to the corresponding data item while displaying the corresponding data item; as well as In accordance with determining that the identified type corresponds to a recommended type, the confidence value associated with the corresponding data item is increased based on the user input corresponding to the corresponding data item.

17. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for: detecting a location of the electronic device; obtaining additional contextual information corresponding to a plurality of users based on the locations; and A third plurality of data items associated with a corresponding plurality of item confidence values ​​are identified, wherein the corresponding plurality of item confidence values ​​indicate relevance of the third plurality of data items to the additional contextual information.

18. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the following operations: A first plurality of data items is identified from a plurality of data models, wherein: Each data model of the plurality of data models is associated with a model confidence value; and Each data item in the first plurality of data items was previously selected by a user; A plurality of item confidence values ​​are obtained based on the comparison of the model confidence values, wherein: Each data item of the first plurality of data items is associated with an item confidence value of the plurality of item confidence values; and The plurality of item confidence values ​​indicate relevance of corresponding data items to current context information; identifying a second plurality of data items from the first plurality of data items, each data item in the second plurality of data items being associated with an item confidence value exceeding a predetermined threshold; identifying a display size for each data item in the second plurality of data items; selecting an arrangement of the second plurality of data items based on the identified display size; and The selected arrangement of the second plurality of data items is displayed.

19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein obtaining the plurality of item confidence values ​​based on the comparison of the model confidence values ​​comprises: A subset of the first plurality of data items is identified, wherein: The subset corresponds to a plurality of data items received from the first data model; The subsets are associated with a corresponding plurality of item confidence values; and The first data model is associated with a first model confidence value; and According to determining that the first model confidence value exceeds a model confidence threshold: The weights of the corresponding plurality of item confidence values ​​are increased, wherein the obtained plurality of item confidence values ​​comprises a weighted plurality of item confidence values.

20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein identifying the second plurality of data items from the first plurality of data items comprises: identifying a first data item and a second data item from the first plurality of data items, wherein the first data item and the second data item are each associated with an item confidence value that exceeds the predetermined threshold; determining a similarity score based on the first data item and the second data item; as well as Based on determining that the similarity score exceeds a similarity threshold: including the first data item in the identified second plurality of data items; and Inclusion of the second data item in the identified second plurality of data items is foregone, wherein the first data item is associated with a higher confidence score than the second data item.

21. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein identifying the second plurality of data items from the first plurality of data items comprises: identifying a first data item of the first plurality of data items, wherein the first data item is associated with an item confidence value that exceeds the predetermined threshold; detecting a displayed affordance associated with a device application; determining a similarity score based on the first data item and the device application associated with the displayed affordance; as well as Based on determining that the similarity score exceeds a similarity threshold, the first data item is discarded from inclusion in the identified second plurality of data items.

22. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein selecting the arrangement of the second plurality of data items comprises: identifying a first subset of the second plurality of data items, wherein each data item of the first subset is associated with a first display size; identifying a second subset of the second plurality of data items, wherein each data item of the second subset is associated with a second display size; as well as Based on determining that the first display size is smaller than the second display size, each data item of the first subset is weighted higher than each data item of the second subset.

23. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein selecting the arrangement of the second plurality of data items comprises: identifying predetermined display item sizes; as well as selecting at least one data item of the second plurality of data items based on the predetermined display item size, wherein selecting comprises: identifying a third subset of the second plurality of data items, wherein each data item of the third subset is associated with an item confidence value exceeding a second predetermined threshold; combining a plurality of display sizes corresponding to data items of the third subset of data items, wherein the combined plurality of display sizes is less than or equal to the predetermined display item size; and A plurality of corresponding data items are provided as candidate arrangements, wherein the plurality of corresponding data items correspond to the combined plurality of display sizes.

24. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 23, wherein the predetermined display item size is predefined by the user.

25. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein selecting the arrangement of the second plurality of data items comprises: Obtaining multiple candidate arrangements; identifying a score corresponding to each candidate arrangement of the plurality of candidate arrangements; as well as The candidate arrangement having the highest score among the identified scores is selected.

26. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform the following operations: identifying a third plurality of data items that exceed a predetermined confidence value, wherein the third plurality of data items have not been previously selected by the user; identifying a display size for each data item in the third plurality of data items; selecting an arrangement of the second and third pluralities of data items based on the identified display size; as well as The selected arrangement of the second plurality of data items and the third plurality of data items is displayed.

27. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein identifying the third plurality of data items that exceed the predetermined confidence value comprises: receiving input corresponding to at least one of a user interaction history and a movement history of the electronic device; as well as A prediction of a user action is identified as a data item in the third plurality of data items based on the received input.

28. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein identifying the third plurality of data items that exceed the predetermined confidence value comprises: obtaining at least one of information associated with a device application and information from a remote source; as well as A notification is identified as a data item in the third plurality of data items based on the acquired information.

29. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein identifying the third plurality of data items that exceed the predetermined confidence value comprises: obtaining a prediction of a device application based on the current context information; as well as The device application associated with the prediction is identified as a data item in the third plurality of data items.

30. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the electronic device to perform the following operations: identifying a type associated with the corresponding data item; Based on determining that the identified type corresponds to a predetermined type, determining whether a set of criteria associated with the predetermined type is satisfied; and Based on determining that the set of criteria is satisfied, a confidence value associated with the corresponding data item is increased.

31. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 30, wherein determining whether the set of criteria associated with the predetermined type is satisfied comprises: Based on determining that the identified type corresponds to a session type, obtaining parameters associated with historical updates to the corresponding data item; as well as Based on determining that the obtained parameter satisfies an update threshold, the confidence value associated with the corresponding data item is increased.

32. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 30, wherein determining whether the set of criteria associated with the predetermined type is satisfied comprises: based on determining that the identified category corresponds to a recommended category, identifying an amount of viewing time corresponding to the corresponding data item; as well as Based on determining that the amount of viewing time satisfies a viewing time threshold, the confidence value associated with the corresponding data item is increased.

33. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 30, wherein determining whether the set of criteria associated with the predetermined type is satisfied comprises: receiving a user input corresponding to the corresponding data item while displaying the corresponding data item; as well as In accordance with determining that the identified type corresponds to a recommended type, the confidence value associated with the corresponding data item is increased based on the user input corresponding to the corresponding data item.

34. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the electronic device to: detecting a location of the electronic device; obtaining additional contextual information corresponding to a plurality of users based on the locations; and A third plurality of data items associated with a corresponding plurality of item confidence values ​​are identified, wherein the corresponding plurality of item confidence values ​​indicate relevance of the third plurality of data items to the additional contextual information.

35. A computer-implemented method comprising: At an electronic device having a memory and one or more processors: A first plurality of data items is identified from a plurality of data models, wherein: Each data model of the plurality of data models is associated with a model confidence value; and Each data item in the first plurality of data items was previously selected by a user; A plurality of item confidence values ​​are obtained based on the comparison of the model confidence values, wherein: Each data item of the first plurality of data items is associated with an item confidence value of the plurality of item confidence values; and The plurality of item confidence values ​​indicate relevance of corresponding data items to current context information; identifying a second plurality of data items from the first plurality of data items, each data item in the second plurality of data items being associated with an item confidence value exceeding a predetermined threshold; identifying a display size for each data item in the second plurality of data items; selecting an arrangement of the second plurality of data items based on the identified display size; and The selected arrangement of the second plurality of data items is displayed.

36. The computer-implemented method of claim 35, wherein obtaining the plurality of item confidence values ​​based on the comparison of the model confidence values ​​comprises: A subset of the first plurality of data items is identified, wherein: The subset corresponds to a plurality of data items received from the first data model; The subsets are associated with a corresponding plurality of item confidence values; and The first data model is associated with a first model confidence value; and According to determining that the first model confidence value exceeds a model confidence threshold: The weights of the corresponding plurality of item confidence values ​​are increased, wherein the obtained plurality of item confidence values ​​comprises a weighted plurality of item confidence values.

37. The computer-implemented method of claim 35, wherein identifying the second plurality of data items from the first plurality of data items comprises: identifying a first data item and a second data item from the first plurality of data items, wherein the first data item and the second data item are each associated with an item confidence value that exceeds the predetermined threshold; determining a similarity score based on the first data item and the second data item; as well as Based on determining that the similarity score exceeds a similarity threshold: including the first data item in the identified second plurality of data items; and Inclusion of the second data item in the identified second plurality of data items is foregone, wherein the first data item is associated with a higher confidence score than the second data item.

38. The computer-implemented method of claim 35, wherein identifying the second plurality of data items from the first plurality of data items comprises: identifying a first data item of the first plurality of data items, wherein the first data item is associated with an item confidence value that exceeds the predetermined threshold; detecting a displayed affordance associated with a device application; determining a similarity score based on the first data item and the device application associated with the displayed affordance; as well as Based on determining that the similarity score exceeds a similarity threshold, the first data item is foregone inclusion in the identified second plurality of data items.

39. The computer-implemented method of claim 35, wherein selecting the arrangement of the second plurality of data items comprises: identifying a first subset of the second plurality of data items, wherein each data item of the first subset is associated with a first display size; identifying a second subset of the second plurality of data items, wherein each data item of the second subset is associated with a second display size; as well as Based on determining that the first display size is smaller than the second display size, each data item of the first subset is weighted higher than each data item of the second subset.

40. The computer-implemented method of claim 35, wherein selecting the arrangement of the second plurality of data items comprises: identifying predetermined display item sizes; as well as selecting at least one data item of the second plurality of data items based on the predetermined display item size, wherein selecting comprises: identifying a third subset of the second plurality of data items, wherein each data item of the third subset is associated with an item confidence value exceeding a second predetermined threshold; combining a plurality of display sizes corresponding to data items of the third subset of data items, wherein the combined plurality of display sizes is less than or equal to the predetermined display item size; and A plurality of corresponding data items are provided as candidate arrangements, wherein the plurality of corresponding data items correspond to the combined plurality of display sizes.

41. The computer-implemented method of claim 40, wherein the predetermined display item size is predefined by the user.

42. The computer-implemented method of claim 35, wherein selecting the arrangement of the second plurality of data items comprises: Obtaining multiple candidate arrangements; identifying a score corresponding to each candidate arrangement of the plurality of candidate arrangements; as well as The candidate arrangement having the highest score among the identified scores is selected.

43. The computer-implemented method of claim 35, further comprising, at the electronic device: identifying a third plurality of data items that exceed a predetermined confidence value, wherein the third plurality of data items have not been previously selected by a user; identifying a display size for each data item in the third plurality of data items; selecting an arrangement of the second and third pluralities of data items based on the identified display size; as well as The selected arrangement of the second plurality of data items and the third plurality of data items is displayed.

44. The computer-implemented method of claim 43, wherein identifying the third plurality of data items that exceed the predetermined confidence value comprises: receiving input corresponding to at least one of a user interaction history and a movement history of the electronic device; as well as A prediction of a user action is identified as a data item in the third plurality of data items based on the received input.

45. The computer-implemented method of claim 43, wherein identifying the third plurality of data items that exceed the predetermined confidence value comprises: obtaining at least one of information associated with a device application and information from a remote source; as well as A notification is identified as a data item in the third plurality of data items based on the acquired information.

46. ​​The computer-implemented method of claim 43, wherein identifying the third plurality of data items that exceed the predetermined confidence value comprises: obtaining a prediction of a device application based on the current context information; as well as The device application associated with the prediction is identified as a data item in the third plurality of data items.

47. The computer-implemented method of claim 35, further comprising, at the electronic device: identifying a type associated with the corresponding data item; Based on determining that the identified type corresponds to a predetermined type, determining whether a set of criteria associated with the predetermined type is satisfied; and Based on determining that the set of criteria is satisfied, a confidence value associated with the corresponding data item is increased.

48. The computer-implemented method of claim 47, wherein determining whether the set of criteria associated with the predetermined type is satisfied comprises: Based on determining that the identified type corresponds to a session type, obtaining parameters associated with historical updates to the corresponding data item; as well as Based on determining that the obtained parameter satisfies an update threshold, the confidence value associated with the corresponding data item is increased.

49. The computer-implemented method of claim 47, wherein determining whether the set of criteria associated with the predetermined type is satisfied comprises: based on determining that the identified category corresponds to a recommended category, identifying an amount of viewing time corresponding to the corresponding data item; as well as Based on determining that the amount of viewing time satisfies a viewing time threshold, the confidence value associated with the corresponding data item is increased.

50. The computer-implemented method of claim 47, wherein determining whether the set of criteria associated with the predetermined type is satisfied comprises: receiving a user input corresponding to the corresponding data item while displaying the corresponding data item; as well as In accordance with determining that the identified type corresponds to a recommended type, the confidence value associated with the corresponding data item is increased based on the user input corresponding to the corresponding data item.

51. The computer-implemented method of claim 35, further comprising, at the electronic device: detecting a location of the electronic device; obtaining additional contextual information corresponding to a plurality of users based on the locations; and A third plurality of data items associated with a corresponding plurality of item confidence values ​​are identified, wherein the corresponding plurality of item confidence values ​​indicate relevance of the third plurality of data items to the additional contextual information.

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