Ice layer gas sample collection device and near-surface oil and gas exploration method

Abstract

The application provides an ice layer gas sample collection device and a near-surface oil and gas exploration method. The ice layer gas sample collection device comprises an ice breaking isolation device, a gas collection device and a gas discharge device. The ice breaking isolation device comprises an isolation cover and an ice breaking device. The isolation cover is used for isolating the gas bubble from the surrounding space, the ice breaking device is used for breaking the ice layer of the closed gas bubble, the gas discharge device is used for discharging the gas in the collection device, and the gas collection device is used for collecting the gas in the gas bubble. Compared with the prior art, the ice layer gas sample collection device provided by the application can be used for collecting the gas sample in the ice layer gas bubble, and solves the problem that the gas sample in the lake and marsh area cannot be collected when the northern shallow water area is frozen in winter. The near-surface oil and gas exploration method solves the problems of high difficulty, high cost and poor effect of oil and gas exploration construction when the northern shallow water area is frozen in winter, and provides more reliable physical evidence materials for comprehensive identification and identification of oil and gas geochemical exploration anomalies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas exploration equipment technology, and in particular to a gas sample collection device for ice layers and a near-surface oil and gas exploration method. Background Technology

[0002] One of the important foundations of petroleum geochemical exploration technology is the theory of vertical micro-leaking migration of oil and gas, which mainly studies the correlation between trace hydrocarbon anomalies in near-surface soil and water bodies and deep underground oil and gas reservoirs. Applying petroleum geochemical exploration technology to predict the oil and gas content of underground geological structures and the location of oil and gas reservoirs is of great significance for improving the success rate of oil and gas exploration and reducing exploration costs.

[0003] Currently, geochemical detection methods for oil and gas exploration have been established using various media, including near-surface soil, water bodies, and soil pore gases. These methods have achieved good results in exploration practice. However, these methods are obtained with a significant investment of labor. This is because vertical micro-leaking migration of oil and gas is generally considered invisible to the naked eye, requiring high-density sampling networks to increase the probability of obtaining information on underground hydrocarbon vertical micro-leaking migration, which also significantly increases costs. Furthermore, the sample quantities extracted using multiple methods from soil, water bodies, and soil gas media are often insufficient for subsequent identification studies. Different regions, seasons, and geomorphological conditions greatly increase the difficulty of surface geochemical sampling, and significantly increase exploration costs. Currently used geochemical free gas sampling techniques suffer from drawbacks such as drill bit clogging, pipeline leakage, and freezing, especially in winter when exposed to water, limiting their usability. Headspace light hydrocarbon sampling involves obtaining soil gas (trace amounts) by allowing underground soil samples to settle and equilibrate in a sealed container. This requires excavating the underground soil and manually placing it into a glass bottle. After excavation, the trace hydrocarbons contained in the soil easily escape into the air. Furthermore, the long equilibration time and exposure to the atmosphere during sample loading lead to the loss of trace hydrocarbon components and severe structural damage, resulting in distorted information, low equilibrium gas concentration, and difficulty in obtaining ideal data. The soil tank top gas method operates on the same principle as the headspace light hydrocarbon method. Soil physical adsorption hydrocarbon vacuum desorption sealed container primarily involves excavating underground soil and desorbing weakly adsorbed hydrocarbons in the soil within a vacuum sealed container. Based on the above research, currently used oil and gas geochemical sampling devices are unable to collect gases within ice layers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention aims to provide a gas sampling device for ice layers and a near-surface oil and gas exploration method, which can be used to collect gas samples from gas bubbles in ice layers, solving the problem that gas samples cannot be collected from lakes and swamps when shallow waters in northern regions freeze in winter.

[0005] The present invention provides a gas sample collection device for ice layers, comprising an ice-breaking isolation device, a gas collection device, and a gas discharge device;

[0006] The ice-breaking isolation device includes an isolation cover and an ice-breaking device; the isolation cover is made of a transparent elastic material and has a mounting hole at its top; the ice-breaking device includes a connecting rod and a conical impact pin; the connecting rod passes through the mounting hole and is sealed to the isolation cover; one end of the connecting rod inside the isolation cover is connected to the conical impact pin; pressing down the connecting rod can push the conical impact pin to break the ice layer of the closed bubble.

[0007] The gas collection device is connected to the internal space of the isolation cover, and the gas collection device is used to collect the gas inside the bubble;

[0008] The gas discharge device is connected to the gas collection device and the isolation cover, and the gas discharge device is used to discharge the gas inside the gas collection device and the isolation cover.

[0009] The ice-bubble gas sampling device provided in this application can be used to collect gas samples from ice bubbles, solving the problem of gas sampling being impossible in lakes and swamps when shallow waters in northern China freeze in winter. By isolating the space around the bubble with an isolation hood and expelling the air inside the device before breaking the ice, the device directly collects the escaping gas after breaking the ice that seals the bubble. The original composition and structure of the gas in the bubble are not altered during the sampling process, providing more direct evidence for oil and gas exploration and research, and more reliable physical evidence for the comprehensive identification and judgment of oil and gas geochemical anomalies.

[0010] Preferably, the connecting rod has a gas channel inside, one end of which communicates with the internal space of the isolation cover, and the other end extends to the outside of the isolation cover and communicates with the gas collecting device and the gas discharging device. By setting a gas channel inside the connecting rod to discharge gas from the isolation cover, the rod serves multiple purposes, simplifying the connection structure between the isolation cover and the gas collecting and discharging devices, and improving the overall compactness of the device.

[0011] Preferably, the surface of the connecting rod has a stepped structure, and the connecting rod is provided with external threads. The stepped structure is located inside the isolation cover, and a fastening nut is installed on the external threads. The isolation cover is fixed between the stepped structure and the fastening nut by the fastening nut, so that the connecting rod and the isolation cover form a sealed connection. The cooperation between the stepped structure on the connecting rod and the fastening nut makes the connecting rod and the isolation cover detachable, which facilitates the maintenance of the device and ensures the airtightness of the device.

[0012] Preferably, the connecting rod includes a large-diameter section and a small-diameter section, the diameter of the large-diameter section being larger than the diameter of the small-diameter section, so that the surface of the connecting rod forms a stepped structure; the large-diameter section is located inside the isolation cover, the small-diameter section is located outside the isolation cover, the external thread is provided on the small-diameter section, and the fastening nut fixes the isolation cover between the large-diameter section and the fastening nut, so that the connecting rod and the isolation cover form a sealed connection.

[0013] Preferably, an annular protrusion is provided on the outer wall of the connecting rod to form a stepped structure on the outer wall of the connecting rod; the external thread is provided on one side of the annular protrusion, the annular protrusion is located inside the isolation cover, and the end with the external thread is located outside the isolation cover; the fastening nut fixes the isolation cover between the annular protrusion and the fastening nut, so that the connecting rod and the isolation cover form a sealed connection.

[0014] Preferably, the gas collection device includes a gas collecting bottle with an inlet at its bottom, which is connected to the interior of the isolation cover via a pipe. The top of the gas collecting bottle has a removable sealing cap with a gas intake port. A pressure cap with a through hole is provided on the gas intake port. A sealing gasket made of elastic material is placed between the gas intake port and the pressure cap to seal the gas intake port. By using the elastic sealing gasket to seal the gas intake port, repeated sampling of the gas inside the gas collecting bottle is possible. Compared to using ordinary sample bottles or bags as gas collection devices, this eliminates the need to disassemble the gas collection device each time, streamlines the gas sample collection process, and avoids potential leaks caused by incomplete sealing after repeated disassembly.

[0015] Preferably, the gas collecting bottle is made of a transparent material and contains a float. When gas enters the gas collecting bottle through the air inlet, it can cause the float to float. The floating behavior of the float can be used to determine the air intake status in the gas collecting bottle, thus making the air intake process visible.

[0016] Preferably, the float is made of foam plastic.

[0017] Preferably, the air inlet is connected to the isolation cover and the gas discharge device respectively through a three-way pipe, and a shut-off valve is provided between the three-way pipe and the gas collecting bottle, and between the three-way pipe and the gas discharge device.

[0018] Preferably, the isolation cover has a parabolic structure.

[0019] Preferably, the isolation cover is made of transparent silicone or transparent rubber.

[0020] Preferably, the gas discharge device is an exhaust pump.

[0021] Existing methods for detecting oil and gas geochemically in various media, such as near-surface soil, water bodies, and soil pore gases, require high-density sampling networks to increase the probability of obtaining information on the vertical micro-leaking and migration of underground hydrocarbons. These methods involve a large amount of work and are costly.

[0022] Winter construction is being conducted in the AT2 exploration area of ​​the Tahe Oilfield in the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang. Located along the Tarim River, this area experiences winter land reclamation, with large amounts of river water being injected and freezing. Due to the large amount of water often beneath the ice, soil free gas sampling devices cannot collect free gas samples from the frozen areas, even though these ice layers frequently contain significant amounts of gas. Furthermore, the inventors of this application, through long-term experience in oil and gas geochemical exploration, have discovered that when shallow waters in northern regions freeze in winter, trace amounts of hydrocarbons from underground oil and gas reservoirs migrate to the near-surface via vertical micro-leaking and are trapped and frozen within the ice. These frozen gas bubbles are visible to the naked eye and easily detected, allowing for targeted sampling. The bubbles are easy to collect; simply breaking the ice layer allows for the extraction of the gas within the bubbles without altering their original composition and structure.

[0023] In light of this, and through experimental exploration, this application also proposes a near-surface oil and gas exploration method. This method obtains micro-leakage information of underground oil and gas reservoirs by collecting gas from bubbles within ice layers and analyzing the composition and structural information of the gas. This method is particularly suitable for the freezing conditions of near-surface swamps and lakes in northern China during winter, providing more accurate oil and gas exploration evidence for areas with poor exploration conditions in swamps and lakes. It solves the problems of high difficulty, high cost, and poor results in oil and gas exploration in northern lake and swamp areas. Furthermore, this method can provide more direct evidence for oil and gas exploration research and also provides more reliable physical evidence for the comprehensive identification and judgment of oil and gas geochemical anomalies.

[0024] Preferably, when collecting gas from bubbles in the ice layer, an ice layer gas sampling device is used to break the ice and extract the gas.

[0025] The ice-layer gas sampling device includes an ice-breaking isolation device, a gas collection device, and a gas discharge device. The ice-breaking isolation device includes an isolation cover and an ice-breaking device. The isolation cover is made of a transparent elastic material, and the ice-breaking device includes a connecting rod and a conical striker. The connecting rod passes through the top of the isolation cover and is connected to it. One end of the connecting rod inside the isolation cover is connected to the conical striker. The gas collection device is connected to the internal space of the isolation cover and is used to collect gas from the ice layer. The gas discharge device is connected to the gas collection device and the ice-breaking isolation device and is used to discharge gas from the gas collection device and the ice-breaking isolation device.

[0026] Place the isolation cover over the ice bubble, activate the gas venting device to expel the air from the isolation cover and the gas collecting device, press down the connecting rod until the conical striker breaks the ice, allowing the gas inside the ice bubble to escape into the gas collecting device, and transfer the ice gas collected in the gas collecting device to a sample bottle for sealing, thus completing the collection of gas from the ice bubble.

[0027] Compared with existing technologies, the ice-layer gas sampling device provided in this application can be used to collect gas samples from gas bubbles within ice layers, solving the problem of gas sampling being impossible in lakes and swamps when shallow waters in northern China freeze in winter. This near-surface oil and gas exploration method addresses the issues of high difficulty, high cost, and poor results in oil and gas exploration operations during winter when shallow waters in northern China freeze, providing more direct evidence for oil and gas exploration research and more reliable physical evidence for the comprehensive identification and judgment of oil and gas geochemical anomalies.

[0028] The above-mentioned technical features can be combined in various suitable ways or replaced by equivalent technical features, as long as the purpose of the present invention can be achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The invention will now be described in more detail based on embodiments that are merely non-limiting and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a gas sampling device for ice layers provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ice-breaking isolation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas collecting bottle connecting three-way pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ice-breaking isolation device provided in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0035] 1. Isolation cover; 2. Conical striker; 3. Connecting rod; 4. Fastening nut; 5. Gas collecting bottle; 6. Gas discharge device; 7. T-connector; 8. Rubber hose; 9. First shut-off valve; 10. Second shut-off valve; 31. Gas passage; 32. Air inlet; 33. Air outlet; 51. Air inlet; 52. Sealing cap; 53. Pressure cap; 54. Gas intake port; 55. Sealing gasket; 56. Float. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below. Based on the specific embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0037] The terms "first," "second," and similar words used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different parts. Words such as "including" or "contains" mean that the element preceding the word encompasses the element listed after it, and do not exclude the possibility of encompassing other elements as well. Terms such as "above," "below," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, this relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0038] In this disclosure, when a specific device is described as being located between a first device and a second device, an intermediary device may or may not be present between the specific device and the first or second device. When a specific device is described as being connected to other devices, the specific device may be directly connected to the other devices without an intermediary device, or it may be not directly connected to the other devices but have an intermediary device.

[0039] Example 1:

[0040] like Figures 1 to 3 A device for collecting gas samples from within an ice layer is shown. (Ref.) Figures 1 to 3 The device for collecting gas samples from within the ice layer includes an ice-breaking isolation device, a gas collection device, and a gas discharge device.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, the ice-breaking isolation device includes an isolation cover 1 and an ice-breaking device.

[0042] The isolation cover 1 is used to attach to the surface of an ice layer containing air bubbles, thereby isolating the air bubbles from the surrounding space. The isolation cover 1 is a parabolic structure made of a transparent elastic material, such as a spherical cap made of transparent rubber, and the top of the isolation cover 1 has a mounting hole.

[0043] The ice-breaking device is used to break up the ice layer containing enclosed air bubbles, causing the gas inside the air bubbles to escape. The ice-breaking device includes a connecting rod 3 and a conical impact pin 2, which are preferably made of hard metal or hard alloy. The connecting rod 3 includes a large-diameter section and a small-diameter section, with the large-diameter section having a larger diameter than the small-diameter section. This large-diameter design creates a stepped structure on the outer wall of the connecting rod 3, and an external thread is provided on the small-diameter section near the large-diameter section. The connecting rod 3 passes through a mounting hole at the top of the isolation cover 1, with the large-diameter section inside the isolation cover 1 and the small-diameter section outside. A fastening nut 4 is screwed through the small-diameter section and into the external thread to fix the isolation cover 1 between the large-diameter section and the fastening nut 4, forming a sealed connection between the connecting rod 3 and the isolation cover 1. To improve sealing, the diameter of the mounting hole at the top of the isolation cover 1 should be less than or equal to the diameter of the small-diameter section.

[0044] The connecting rod 3 is also provided with a gas channel 31, which connects the inner and outer spaces of the isolation cover 1, thereby allowing the gas inside the isolation cover 1 to be discharged. Specifically, the side wall of the connecting rod 3 located inside the isolation cover 1 (i.e., the large-diameter section) has several air inlets 32 that communicate with the gas channel 31, and the gas channel 31 communicates with the internal space of the isolation cover 1 through these air inlets; the side wall of the connecting rod 3 located outside the isolation cover 1 has a protruding air outlet 33, which is connected to the gas collection device and the gas discharge device 6 through a pipeline.

[0045] The isolation cover 1 is designed to be transparent so that its interior can be observed, facilitating adjustments to the position of the ice-breaking isolation device on the ice layer to ensure the conical impact pin 2 is aligned with the air bubble. Since the connecting rod 3 connects both the isolation cover 1 and the conical impact pin 2, pressing down on the connecting rod 3 applies a downward force to both. Because the isolation cover 1 is made of elastic material, it undergoes elastic deformation under this downward force, allowing the connecting rod to directly push the conical impact pin 2 to break the ice layer. This eliminates the need for complex transmission and sealing mechanisms, simplifying the ice-breaking device's structure. The isolation cover 1 is constructed with a parabolic structure to ensure that its bottom edge remains in close contact with the ice surface even when deformed under stress, preventing air leakage.

[0046] Gas collection devices are used to collect gases escaping from bubbles within ice layers. For example... Figure 3As shown, the gas collection device includes a gas collecting bottle 5. The bottom of the gas collecting bottle 5 has an air inlet 51, which is connected to a three-way pipe 7. The gas collecting bottle 5 is connected to an isolation cover 1 and a gas discharge device 6 via the three-way pipe 7. A first shut-off valve 9 is installed between the gas collecting bottle 5 and the three-way pipe 7. The top of the gas collecting bottle 5 has a sealing cap 52, preferably a screw cap, for easy disassembly and cleaning of the gas collecting bottle 5. The sealing cap 52 has a gas outlet 54, and a pressure cap 53 is installed on the gas outlet 54. The pressure cap 53 has a through hole, and a sealing gasket 55, made of elastic material, is installed between the gas outlet 54 and the pressure cap 53 to seal the gas outlet 54. The gas inlet 54 is sealed with a flexible sealing gasket 55, so that a sampling needle can be used to make a hole in the sealing gasket 55 to extract gas. This allows the gas in the gas collecting bottle 5 to be transferred to the sample bottle for subsequent testing. After the sampling needle is pulled out, the hole in the sealing gasket 55 can close automatically, which not only makes sampling convenient, but also ensures that the gas collecting bottle 5 is well sealed.

[0047] The gas collecting bottle 5 is made of transparent material, facilitating observation of its interior. A float 56, made of lightweight materials such as foam plastic, is installed inside the gas collecting bottle 5. When gas enters the bottle through the inlet 51, it pushes the float 56, allowing the observer to determine the gas intake status. When both the gas collecting bottle 5 and the three-way connector 7 are made of transparent glass, they can be integrally molded, resulting in a more secure and airtight connection. This gas collecting bottle 5 can also be used for water displacement gas collection tests and for dispensing laboratory standard gases.

[0048] One of the other two ports of the three-way pipe 7 is connected to the outlet 33 on the connecting rod 3 via a pipe, thereby connecting the gas collecting bottle 5 to the internal space of the isolation cover 1. The remaining port of the three-way pipe 7 is connected to the gas discharge device 6 via a pipe, thereby connecting the gas discharge device 6 to the isolation cover 1 and the gas collecting bottle 5; a second shut-off valve 10 is installed on this connecting pipe to control the opening and closing of the pipe. When the three-way pipe 7 is made of glass, the connection between the three-way pipe 7 and the outlet 33 on the connecting rod 3, and the connection between the three-way pipe 7 and the inlet 51 of the exhaust pump, can be made by rubber tubing 8.

[0049] The gas exhaust device 6 includes an exhaust pump, which can extract air from components or pipes such as the isolation cover 1, gas collection bottle 5, connecting rod 3, gas channel 31, and three-way pipe 7 connected to it, to form a negative pressure environment. Then, the ice layer sealing the bubble is broken by the ice-breaking device, allowing the gas inside the bubble to escape into the gas collection bottle 5, thus completing the gas sample collection inside the ice layer.

[0050] Example 2:

[0051] Based on Example 1, only the structure of the outer wall of the connecting rod is changed: by setting an annular protrusion on the outer wall of the connecting rod, a stepped structure is formed on the outer wall of the connecting rod. An external thread is set on the outer wall of the connecting rod on one side of the annular protrusion and adjacent to the annular protrusion. The connecting rod is passed through the mounting hole at the top of the isolation cover, so that the annular protrusion is located inside the isolation cover and the end with the external thread is located outside the isolation cover. The fastening nut is screwed into the external thread to fix the isolation cover between the annular protrusion and the fastening nut, so that the connecting rod and the isolation cover form a sealed connection. The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0052] Example 3:

[0053] Based on Example 1, the connecting rod with the stepped structure on the outer wall is replaced with a connecting rod with the same diameter at all points on the outer wall. The connecting rod is passed through the mounting hole at the top of the isolation cover, and the connecting rod and the isolation cover are sealed with adhesive to prevent loosening and air leakage. The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0054] Example 4:

[0055] like Figure 4 As shown, the gas sample collection device within the ice layer includes an ice-breaking isolation device, a gas collection device, and a gas discharge device 6.

[0056] The ice-breaking isolation device includes an isolation cover 1 and an ice-breaking device. The isolation cover 1 is used to attach to the surface of an ice layer containing air bubbles, thereby isolating the air bubbles from the surrounding space. The isolation cover 1 is a parabolic structure made of transparent elastic material, and the top of the isolation cover 1 has a mounting hole and two connection ports.

[0057] The ice-breaking device is used to break up the ice layer containing closed air bubbles, causing the gas inside the air bubbles to escape. The ice-breaking device includes a connecting rod 3 and a conical impact pin 2, which are preferably made of hard metal or hard alloy. The connecting rod 3 includes a large-diameter section and a small-diameter section, with the large-diameter section having a larger diameter than the small-diameter section. This large-diameter design creates a stepped structure on the outer wall of the connecting rod 3, and an external thread is provided on the small-diameter section near the large-diameter section. The connecting rod 3 passes through a mounting hole at the top of the isolation cover 1, with the large-diameter section inside the isolation cover 1 and the small-diameter section outside. A fastening nut 4 is screwed through the small-diameter section and into the external thread to fix the isolation cover 1 between the large-diameter section and the fastening nut 4, forming a sealed connection between the connecting rod 3 and the isolation cover 1. To improve sealing, the diameter of the mounting hole at the top of the isolation cover 1 should be less than or equal to the diameter of the small-diameter section. During ice breaking, pressing down on the connecting rod 3 pushes the conical impact pin 2 to break up the ice layer containing the closed air bubbles.

[0058] A gas collecting device is used to collect the gas escaping from the bubbles. The gas collecting device includes a gas collecting bottle 5. The structure of the gas collecting bottle 5 can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 3The gas collecting bottle 5 has an air inlet 51 at its bottom, which is connected to one of the connection ports on the isolation cover 1 via a pipeline. A first shut-off valve 9 is installed on this pipeline. The top of the gas collecting bottle 5 has a sealing cap 52, preferably a screw cap, for easy disassembly and cleaning. The sealing cap 52 has a gas outlet 54, and a pressure cap 53 is provided on the gas outlet 54. The pressure cap 53 has a through hole, and a sealing gasket 55 made of elastic material is placed between the gas outlet 54 and the pressure cap 53 to seal the gas outlet 54. By using the elastic sealing gasket 55 to seal the gas outlet 54, a sampling needle can be used to puncture the sealing gasket 55 to extract gas, thereby transferring the gas in the gas collecting bottle 5 to a sample bottle for subsequent testing. After the sampling needle is removed, the puncture hole on the sealing gasket 55 automatically closes, thus facilitating sampling and ensuring a good seal on the gas collecting bottle 5.

[0059] The gas collecting bottle 5 is made of transparent material, making it easy to observe the situation inside the gas collecting bottle 5. A float 56 is installed inside the gas collecting bottle 5. The float 56 can be made of lightweight materials such as foam plastic. When gas enters the gas collecting bottle 5 through the air inlet 51, it can push the float 56 to float. The floating situation of the float 56 can be used to determine the air intake situation inside the gas collecting bottle 5.

[0060] The gas exhaust device 6 includes an exhaust pump. The air inlet 51 of the exhaust pump is connected to another connection port on the isolation cover 1 via a pipeline. A second shut-off valve 10 is installed on this pipeline. The exhaust pump can extract the air from the isolation cover 1, the gas collection device, and the connecting pipelines connected to it, creating a negative pressure environment. Then, the ice layer sealing the bubble is broken by the ice-breaking device, allowing the gas inside the bubble to escape and enter the gas collection device, thus completing the collection of gas samples from the ice layer.

[0061] Example 5:

[0062] The ice-layer gas sampling device provided in this application can be applied to near-surface oil and gas exploration. Referring to the ice-layer gas sampling device provided in Example 1, a near-surface oil and gas exploration method is described in detail, which includes the following steps:

[0063] (1) Use an ice layer gas sampling device to collect gas from the bubbles in the ice layer:

[0064] Place the isolation cover 1 over the ice bubble; open the first shut-off valve 9 and the second shut-off valve 10, and start the gas discharge device 6 to discharge the gas from the isolation cover 1, the gas collection bottle 5, and all connecting pipes, so that a negative pressure is formed in the collection device; close the second shut-off valve 10 to close the air intake passage of the gas discharge device 6; press down the connecting rod 3 until the conical striker 2 breaks the ice, so that the gas in the ice bubble escapes and enters the gas collection device. By observing the floating of the float 56 in the gas collection bottle 5, the air intake status of the gas collection bottle 5 can be determined.

[0065] Use a syringe to insert into the gas inlet 54 at the top of the gas collecting bottle 5 to collect gas. Transfer the ice gas collected in the gas collecting bottle 5 to a sample bottle (such as a glass bottle) for storage and laboratory analysis. This completes the collection of gas from the ice bubble.

[0066] (2) Analyze the composition and structure of the gas in the above sample bottles to obtain information on micro-leakage of underground oil and gas reservoirs.

[0067] High concentrations of hydrocarbon components from micro-leaking oil and gas reservoirs were detected in the gas bubbles within the ice layer, with methane concentration reaching 100 × 10⁻⁶. -6 It is much higher than the methane concentration in the air, which is 2×10⁻⁶. -6 It exhibits a significant high concentration anomaly, which is a hydrocarbon anomaly resulting from the vertical micro-leaking migration of hydrocarbons in underground oil and gas reservoirs.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments and examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments and examples, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or examples, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments or examples of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for collecting gas samples from within an ice layer, characterized in that, Includes ice-breaking and isolation devices, gas collection devices, and gas exhaust devices; The ice-breaking isolation device includes an isolation cover and an ice-breaking device; the isolation cover is made of a transparent elastic material and has a mounting hole at its top; the ice-breaking device includes a connecting rod and a conical impact pin; the connecting rod passes through the mounting hole and is sealed to the isolation cover; one end of the connecting rod inside the isolation cover is connected to the conical impact pin; pressing down the connecting rod can push the conical impact pin to break the ice layer of the closed bubble. The gas collection device is connected to the internal space of the isolation cover, and the gas collection device is used to collect the gas inside the bubble; The gas discharge device is connected to the gas collection device and the isolation cover, and the gas discharge device is used to discharge the gas inside the gas collection device and the isolation cover; The connecting rod is also provided with a gas channel. Several air inlets are provided on the side wall of the end of the connecting rod located inside the isolation cover, which are connected to the gas channel. An air outlet is provided on the side wall of the other end of the connecting rod located outside the isolation cover. The air outlet is connected to the gas collection device and the gas discharge device through a pipeline. The surface of the connecting rod has a stepped structure, and the connecting rod is provided with an external thread. The stepped structure is located inside the isolation cover. A fastening nut is installed on the external thread. The isolation cover is fixed between the stepped structure and the fastening nut by the fastening nut, so that the connecting rod and the isolation cover form a sealed connection. The isolation cover has a parabolic structure.

2. The ice layer gas sample collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A gas channel is provided inside the connecting rod. One end of the gas channel is connected to the internal space of the isolation cover, and the other end extends to the outside of the isolation cover and is connected to the gas collection device and the gas discharge device.

3. The ice layer gas sample collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting rod includes a large-diameter section and a small-diameter section. The diameter of the large-diameter section is larger than the diameter of the small-diameter section, so that the surface of the connecting rod forms a stepped structure. The large-diameter section is located inside the isolation cover, and the small-diameter section is located outside the isolation cover. The external thread is provided on the small-diameter section, and the fastening nut fixes the isolation cover between the large-diameter section and the fastening nut, so that the connecting rod and the isolation cover form a sealed connection.

4. The ice layer gas sample collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the connecting rod is provided with an annular protrusion to form a stepped structure on the outer wall of the connecting rod; the external thread is provided on one side of the annular protrusion, the annular protrusion is located inside the isolation cover, and the end with the external thread is located outside the isolation cover; the fastening nut fixes the isolation cover between the annular protrusion and the fastening nut, so that the connecting rod and the isolation cover form a sealed connection.

5. The ice layer gas sample collection device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The gas collection device includes a gas collecting bottle with an air inlet at the bottom. The air inlet is connected to the interior of the isolation cover via a pipe. The top of the gas collecting bottle has a removable sealing cap with an air intake port. The top of the gas collecting bottle has an air intake port with a pressure cap. The pressure cap has a through hole. A sealing gasket made of elastic material is provided between the air intake port and the pressure cap to seal the air intake port.

6. The ice layer gas sample collection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The gas collecting bottle is made of transparent material and contains a float. When gas enters the gas collecting bottle through the air inlet, it can push the float to float.

7. The ice layer gas sample collection device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The float is made of foam plastic.

8. The ice layer gas sample collection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The air inlet is connected to the isolation cover and the gas discharge device respectively through a three-way pipe. A shut-off valve is provided between the three-way pipe and the gas collecting bottle and between the three-way pipe and the gas discharge device.

9. The gas sampling device within an ice layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isolation shield is made of transparent silicone or transparent rubber.

10. The ice layer gas sample collection device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The gas discharge device is an exhaust pump.

11. A method for near-surface oil and gas exploration, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Gas is collected from bubbles within the ice layer; by analyzing the composition and structural information of the gas, micro-leakage information of underground oil and gas reservoirs is obtained. When collecting gas from bubbles in ice, the ice-breaking gas sampling device according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is used to collect the gas from the ice. Place the isolation cover over the ice bubble, activate the gas discharge device to discharge the gas from the isolation cover and the gas collection device, close the air intake passage of the gas discharge device, press down the connecting rod until the conical impact pin breaks the ice layer sealing the bubble, allowing the gas inside the bubble to escape into the gas collection device, and transfer the gas collected in the gas collection device to a sample bottle for sealing, thus completing the collection of gas from the ice bubble.

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