A new type of anti-collision support combined with O-shaped shed and anchor rod in tunnel

Abstract

The present invention discloses a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support, including three circles of U-shaped steel, connectors, negative stiffness energy absorption components of shell curved surface, band gap vibration suppression periodic structure, variable stiffness energy absorption structure and a plurality of energy absorption type anchor rods, the three circles of U-shaped steel are arranged in four sections, and the three circles of U-shaped steel in two adjacent sections are connected by connectors and negative stiffness energy absorption components of shell curved surface, the negative stiffness energy absorption components of shell curved surface are arranged between two connectors, and the two ends of the two connectors are connected with yield guides, and the three circles of U-shaped steel form two gap belts, which are filled with variable stiffness energy absorption structure and the band gap vibration suppression periodic structure. The present invention performs band gap vibration suppression through the periodic structure belt when working, and can realize local or overall repeatable yield energy absorption through the variable stiffness component when subjected to dynamic load or large displacement impact, and the energy absorption type anchor rod enhances the radial and axial stability of the combined support, thereby avoiding the failure of the support system and maintaining the safety of the entire support system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine safety support, in particular to a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support. Background Art

[0002] Rock burst is a sudden and violent destructive dynamic phenomenon caused by the instantaneous release of elastic deformation energy of the surrounding rock of coal mines. It is one of the major dynamic disasters in coal mine production. At present, there are two main commonly used support methods: the first method is to improve the stability of the tunnel by enhancing the strength of the surrounding rock itself; the second method is to set up a support system with a certain strength, such as U-shaped steel support.

[0003] In recent years, with the increase in the depth and scope of coal mining, the frequency of rock burst has become increasingly higher. Existing support equipment such as U-shaped steel has certain defects: (1) U-shaped steel does not have the function of vibration isolation and suppression; (2) When facing a large impact, the U-shaped steel will produce serious local deformation and lose its support function; (3) U-shaped steel does not have the function of repeated energy absorption; (4) U-shaped steel is not stable enough in the axial direction of the tunnel. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new type of tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-impact support, which can perform band gap vibration suppression through periodic structural belts during operation, and can achieve local or overall repeatable yielding energy absorption through variable stiffness components when subjected to dynamic loads or large displacement impacts. At the same time, the energy-absorbing anchor rods enhance the radial and axial stability of the combined support, thereby avoiding failure of the support system and maintaining the safety of the entire support system.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-impact support, comprising three circles of U-shaped steel, a connector, a shell curved surface negative stiffness energy absorbing component, a band gap vibration suppression periodic structure, a variable stiffness energy absorbing structure and a plurality of energy absorbing anchor rods, wherein the plurality of energy absorbing anchor rods are evenly and equidistantly arranged on the circumference of the band gap vibration suppression periodic structure, the variable stiffness energy absorbing structure and the three circles of U-shaped steel, the three circles of U-shaped steel are arranged into four sections, and two adjacent sections of the three circles of U-shaped steel are connected through the connector and the shell curved surface negative stiffness energy absorbing component, the shell curved surface negative stiffness energy absorbing component is arranged between two of the connectors, and both ends of the two connectors are connected with a yield guide, and the three circles of U-shaped steel form two gap belts, which are filled with the variable stiffness energy absorbing structure and the band gap vibration suppression periodic structure.

[0006] Preferably, the three circles of U-shaped steel include an inner circle of U-shaped steel, a middle circle of U-shaped steel arranged on the outside of the inner circle of U-shaped steel, and an outer circle of U-shaped steel arranged on the outside of the middle circle of U-shaped steel. Square guide grooves are arranged at the ends of the outer circle of U-shaped steel, the middle circle of U-shaped steel and the inner circle of U-shaped steel, and first through holes for installing the energy-absorbing anchor rods are evenly and equidistantly arranged at the bottom of the grooves.

[0007] Preferably, the connector includes a connector body and a connector baffle connected to the connector body, the sides of the connector baffle and the connector body are both provided with long strip bosses adapted to the square guide grooves, the front of the connector body is provided with stepped holes and stop pins, the stop pins and the connector body are an integrated structure, and two groups of symmetrical trapezoidal bosses are provided at both ends of the connector body.

[0008] Preferably, the give way guide includes a guide body and a guide baffle, the guide baffle is installed at the end of the guide body, and a trapezoidal guide groove adapted to the trapezoidal boss is provided at the front center of the guide body, and the depth of the trapezoidal guide groove is greater than the length of the trapezoidal boss.

[0009] Preferably, the shell curved surface negative stiffness energy absorbing component is composed of a radial array of unit cell structures, including a first unit cell, a second unit cell connected to the first unit cell, a third unit cell connected to the second unit cell and a fourth unit cell connected to the third unit cell, the fourth unit cell has the same structure as the first unit cell, the second unit cell has the same structure as the third unit cell, a center column head is arranged at the center of the first unit cell and the fourth unit cell, the internal threaded through hole on the center column head is connected to the stepped hole by screws, and the second unit cell and the third unit cell are connected to each other by studs through the internal threaded through hole on the center column head.

[0010] Preferably, the energy-absorbing anchor rod comprises an outer sleeve inserted into the first through hole and a rod body sleeved in the outer sleeve, the upper half of the rod body is inserted into the surrounding rock body for grouting anchoring, and is fixed in the surrounding rock body by means of a hemispherical gasket and a nut, a truncated cone-shaped support head is provided at the end of the rod body, the truncated cone-shaped support head cooperates with a small slit provided in the lower half of the outer sleeve to expand and absorb energy, and the upper half of the outer sleeve is fixed to the three circles of U-shaped steel by means of the nut.

[0011] Preferably, the band gap vibration suppression periodic structure is placed at the bottom of the groove of the inner ring U-shaped steel, and is composed of five stacked sub-periodic structures. Each sub-periodic structure band is composed of a plurality of periodic arrangement of vibration suppression structure units. The vibration suppression structure unit cell is a cube, which is composed of a scatterer and a matrix. The scatterer is periodically embedded in the matrix and arranged in a face-centered cubic lattice in a two-dimensional period. The matrix is ​​bonded by a matrix plate with glue, and the matrix plate is formed by reserving hemispherical holes according to a face-centered cubic lattice. The material of the matrix plate is epoxy resin.

[0012] Preferably, the scatterer consists of a wrapping layer and a core, the core is arranged inside the wrapping layer, and the core is arranged as a spherical structure.

[0013] Preferably, the variable stiffness energy absorption structure is configured as a quarter-circular ring structure, and the variable stiffness energy absorption structure includes a U-shaped sleeve, a partition, a core ring and a pad placed inside the groove of the middle ring U-shaped steel, the lower surface of the pad is connected to the core ring, and an energy absorption box is arranged between the core ring and the bottom center of the U-shaped sleeve, and the energy absorption box is configured as a folded edge structure, which is fixed by grooves on the U-shaped sleeve and the core ring, and a rubber layer is arranged between the core ring and the partition, and between the partition and the U-shaped sleeve.

[0014] Preferably, the pad is an annular steel plate, the width of which is the same as the straight-line distance between two points on the edge of the outer ring of the U-shaped sleeve, and the core ring is an inverted trapezoidal steel ring.

[0015] Therefore, the present invention adopts a new type of tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-impact support with the above structure, which can perform band gap vibration suppression through periodic structural belts during operation, and can achieve local or overall repeatable yielding energy absorption through variable stiffness components when subjected to dynamic loads or large displacement impacts. At the same time, the energy-absorbing anchor rods enhance the radial and axial stability of the combined support, thereby avoiding failure of the support system and maintaining the safety of the entire support system.

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of three circles of U-shaped steel in an embodiment of a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a partial enlarged view of three circles of U-shaped steel of an embodiment of a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 An exploded view of a connector of an embodiment of a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 An exploded view of a yield guide of an embodiment of a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a negative stiffness energy-absorbing component of a shell curved surface in an embodiment of a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of a rod body of an embodiment of a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of an outer sleeve of an embodiment of a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support of the present invention;

[0025] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of a hemispherical gasket of an embodiment of a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support of the present invention;

[0026] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the energy-absorbing anchor assembly of a novel anti-collision support embodiment of a tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor combination according to the present invention;

[0027] Fig.11 An exploded diagram of a band gap vibration suppression periodic structure of an embodiment of a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support of the present invention;

[0028] Fig.12 It is an expansion diagram of a periodic structure band of any quarter circle of an embodiment of a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support of the present invention;

[0029] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of a unit cell of a band gap vibration suppression periodic structure of an embodiment of a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support of the present invention;

[0030] Fig.14 It is a cross-sectional view of a variable stiffness energy absorption structure of an embodiment of a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support of the present invention;

[0031] Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of energy absorption boxes in a variable stiffness energy absorption structure of an embodiment of a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support of the present invention;

[0032] Fig.16 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a variable stiffness energy absorption structure of an embodiment of a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.17 This is a dispersion relationship diagram of a band gap vibration suppression periodic structure of a new type of tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0036] Example

[0037] The present invention provides a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support, comprising three circles of U-shaped steel 1, a connector 2, a shell curved surface negative stiffness energy absorbing component 3, a band gap vibration suppression periodic structure 4, a variable stiffness energy absorbing structure 8 and a plurality of energy absorbing anchor rods 5, wherein the plurality of energy absorbing anchor rods 5 are evenly and equidistantly arranged on the circumference of the band gap vibration suppression periodic structure 4, the variable stiffness energy absorbing structure 8 and the three circles of U-shaped steel 1, the three circles of U-shaped steel 1 are arranged into four sections, and two adjacent sections of the three circles of U-shaped steel 1 are connected to the shell curved surface negative stiffness energy absorbing component 3 through the connector 2, the shell curved surface negative stiffness energy absorbing component 3 is arranged between two connectors 2, and both ends of the two connectors 2 are connected with a yielding guide 7, and the three circles of U-shaped steel 1 form two gap belts, and the variable stiffness energy absorbing structure 8 and the band gap vibration suppression periodic structure 4 are filled inside.

[0038] The three-ring U-shaped steel 1 includes an inner ring U-shaped steel 9, a middle ring U-shaped steel 10 arranged on the outside of the inner ring U-shaped steel 9, and an outer ring U-shaped steel 11 arranged on the outside of the middle ring U-shaped steel 10. Square guide grooves 12 are arranged at the ends of the outer ring U-shaped steel 11, the middle ring U-shaped steel 10 and the inner ring U-shaped steel 9, and first through holes 13 for installing energy-absorbing anchor rods 5 are evenly and equidistantly arranged at the bottom of the groove.

[0039] The connector 2 includes a connector body 14 and a connector baffle 15 connected to the connector body 14. The sides of the connector baffle 15 and the connector body 14 are both provided with long strip bosses 16 adapted to the square guide groove 12. The front of the connector body 14 is provided with a stepped hole 17 and a stop pin 18. The stepped hole can realize the screw connection between the connector and the negative stiffness energy absorbing component of the shell curved surface. The stop pin plays a role in limiting the downward displacement of the middle ring U-shaped steel to ensure that the band gap vibration suppression periodic structure is not crushed. The stop pin 18 and the connector body 14 are an integrated structure. Two sets of symmetrical trapezoidal bosses 19 are provided at both ends of the connector body 14, which cooperate with the trapezoidal guide groove 22 to realize the track sliding connection. A plurality of threaded blind holes are provided on the left side of the connector body 14, and the connector baffle 15 is provided with corresponding threaded through holes, which are connected to the left side of the connector body 14 through a plurality of threaded blind hole screws; the connector baffle 15 has the same structure as the right side of the connector body 14.

[0040] The yield guide 7 includes a guide body 20 and a guide baffle 21. The guide baffle 21 is installed at the end of the guide body 20. A trapezoidal guide groove 22 adapted to the trapezoidal boss 19 is provided at the front center of the guide body 20. The depth of the trapezoidal guide groove 22 is greater than the length of the trapezoidal boss 19 to leave enough clearance to ensure the normal performance of the yield function.

[0041] The shell surface negative stiffness energy absorbing member 3 is composed of a radial array of unit cell structures, including a first unit cell 23, a second unit cell 24 connected to the first unit cell 23, a third unit cell 25 connected to the second unit cell 24, and a fourth unit cell 26 connected to the third unit cell 25. The fourth unit cell 26 has the same structure as the first unit cell 23, and the second unit cell 24 and the third unit cell 25 have the same structure. A center column head is arranged at the center of the first unit cell 23 and the fourth unit cell 26. The internal threaded through hole on the center column head is connected to the stepped hole 17 by screws. The second unit cell 24 and the third unit cell 25 are connected to each other by double-headed studs through the internal threaded through hole on the center column head. The number of units can be selected according to the situation.

[0042] The energy-absorbing anchor rod 5 includes an outer sleeve 27 inserted into the first through hole 13 and a rod body 28 sleeved in the outer sleeve 27. The upper half of the rod body 28 is inserted into the surrounding rock mass for grouting anchoring and is fixed in the surrounding rock mass by a hemispherical gasket 29 and a nut 30. A truncated cone-shaped support head 31 is provided at the end of the rod body 28. The truncated cone-shaped support head 31 cooperates with a small slit 32 provided in the lower half of the outer sleeve 27 to expand and absorb energy. The upper half of the outer sleeve 27 is fixed to the three circles of U-shaped steel 1 by a nut 30.

[0043] The bandgap vibration suppression periodic structure 4 is placed at the bottom of the groove of the inner ring U-shaped steel 9, and is composed of five stacked sub-periodic structure bands 33. Each sub-periodic structure band 33 is composed of multiple vibration suppression structure unit cells 34 arranged periodically. The vibration suppression structure unit cell 34 is a cube, composed of a scatterer 35 and a matrix 36. The scatterer 35 is periodically embedded in the matrix 36 in a face-centered cubic lattice on a two-dimensional period. The matrix 36 is bonded by a matrix plate 37 with glue, and the matrix plate 37 is formed by preserving hemispherical holes according to the face-centered cubic lattice. The material of the matrix plate 37 is epoxy resin. The scatterer 35 is composed of a wrapping layer 38 and a core 39. The core 39 is arranged inside the wrapping layer 38. The core 39 is set as a spherical structure. Its material can be tungsten, lead, copper, steel and other metals with high density, and the wrapping layer material is rubber. Different types of scatterers achieve multiple bandgap vibration suppression effects by changing the physical parameters and geometric parameters of the vibration suppression structure unit cell. For example, the greater the density of the core and the smaller the thickness of the wrapping layer, the better the vibration suppression performance of the bandgap vibration suppression periodic structure. The periodic structure band is provided with through holes, and the five sub-periodic structure bands are connected and fixed by energy-absorbing anchor rods.

[0044] The variable stiffness energy absorption structure 8 is set as a quarter-circular ring structure, and the variable stiffness energy absorption structure 8 includes a U-shaped jacket 40 placed inside the groove of the middle ring U-shaped steel 10, a partition 41, a core ring 42 and a pad 43, the lower surface of the pad 43 is connected to the core ring 42, and an energy absorption box 44 is set between the core ring 42 and the bottom center of the U-shaped jacket 40. The energy absorption box 44 is set as a folded edge structure and is fixed by the grooves on the U-shaped jacket 40 and the core ring 42. A rubber layer 45 is set between the core ring 42 and the partition 41, and between the partition 41 and the U-shaped jacket 40. The pad 43 is an annular steel plate, and its width is the same as the straight-line distance between two points on the outer edge of the U-shaped jacket 40. The core ring 42 is an inverted trapezoidal steel ring. When the energy absorption box 44 is flattened, the pad 43 and the U-shaped jacket 40 just form a closed space. The core ring 42, the U-shaped outer sleeve 40, and the backing plate 43 are provided with a plurality of through holes extending from top to bottom to install the energy absorbing anchor rod 5. The partition plate 41 is a steel plate processed according to the size of the inner ring U of the U-shaped outer sleeve 40. The rubber layer is a prefabricated rubber layer formed by vulcanization of rubber. The U-shaped outer sleeve 40, the core ring 42, and the partition plate 41 are connected to the rubber layer by glue.

[0045] The following describes a one-time use process of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0046] First, the negative stiffness energy absorbing component of the shell surface is assembled, the second unit cell and the third unit cell are connected by a double-headed stud through the threaded through hole of the center column head, the second unit cell and the third unit cell are respectively fixed to the stepped threaded through holes around the first unit cell and the fourth unit cell by screws, then the threaded through holes at the center column heads of the first unit cell and the fourth unit cell are connected and fixed to the stepped holes at the center of the connector body, the trapezoidal guide groove of the guide body is inserted into the trapezoidal boss of the connector body, and fixed by the guide baffle, thus completing the assembly of the negative stiffness energy absorbing component of the shell surface, the connector, and the give way guide.

[0047] Then assemble the variable stiffness energy absorbing structure, fill the energy absorbing box into the protrusion of the U-shaped sleeve, and then use glue to bond the prefabricated rubber layer, partition and core ring together. Note that the groove at the bottom of the core ring should just fit the energy absorbing box. The installation of the variable stiffness energy absorbing structure is now completed; assemble the band gap vibration suppression periodic structure, and the two hollow hemispherical wrapping layers are fitted to the core to form a scatterer. The scatterer is coated with glue and placed in the hemispherical hole between the upper and lower substrate plates. The two substrate plates are completely fitted together with glue. Repeat the above operation to form four substrate plates as a sub-periodic structure belt.

[0048] Next, insert the end face of the inner ring U-shaped steel into the long strip boss of the connector body, fill the band gap vibration suppression periodic structure in the groove of the inner ring U-shaped steel, insert the middle ring U-shaped steel into the long strip boss of the connector body, fill in the variable stiffness energy absorption structure, insert the outer ring U-shaped steel into the long strip boss of the connector body, and finally fix it with screws through the connector baffle. At this point, the three rings of U-shaped steel, the band gap vibration suppression periodic structure, the variable stiffness energy absorption structure and the connector are fixed.

[0049] Finally, the outer sleeve is inserted into the through holes of the three circles of U-shaped steel, passing through the corresponding through holes of the variable stiffness energy absorption structure and the band gap vibration suppression periodic structure, and the outer sleeve is fixed in the three circles of U-shaped steel by a number of bolts. The rod body is inserted into the outer sleeve, and at the same time, the rod body is passed through the nut and the hemispherical gasket, inserted into the surrounding rock for grouting anchoring, and fixed in the surrounding rock by the nut and the hemispherical gasket. At this point, the entire assembly is completed.

[0050] In this example, the band gap calculation is performed for any periodic structure band. The side length of the cubic unit cell is 10 mm, and the matrix material is epoxy resin, whose density is 1180 kg·m -3 , elastic modulus is 4.35 GPa, Poisson's ratio is 0.37; the core radius of the scatterer is 2.5 mm, and the metal lead material is used, and its density is 11600 kg·m -3 , elastic modulus is 40.8GPa, Poisson's ratio is 0.37; the wrapping layer is made of rubber material, with a thickness of 0.5mm and a density of 1300kg·m -3, elastic modulus is 1.18GPa, Poisson's ratio is 0.47. The periodic structure of the present invention is analyzed and calculated, and the bandgap range of the periodic structure calculated is shown in the figure below. The bandgap range is 73.73~134.19kHz, and the elastic wave energy in the bandgap range can be effectively suppressed; the calculation of the other periodic structure bands is the same as above.

[0051] The present invention provides initial support force through energy-absorbing anchor rods, energy-absorbing boxes and negative stiffness energy-absorbing components on the shell surface during normal operation, and performs filtering and vibration suppression through a band gap vibration suppression periodic structure. When a large impact of dynamic load in the tunnel occurs, the present invention can autonomously give way to absorb energy. If the impact point is located locally, the contraction of the outer ring U-shaped steel, that is, the deformation of the variable stiffness energy-absorbing structure, can be used to absorb energy locally and prevent impact. When the variable stiffness energy-absorbing structure is deformed, the rubber layer is subjected to compression and shearing, causing irregular deformation of the rubber layer and the reserved position of the rubber layer is gradually filled until it cannot be deformed, thereby achieving a variable stiffness effect in which the stiffness gradually increases with the deformation of the structure. If the impact point is located around the entire surrounding rock, the overall contraction of the bracket can be achieved through the contraction of the outer ring U-shaped steel and the giving way of the negative stiffness energy-absorbing components on the shell surface, thereby achieving the effect of giving way to absorb energy. In addition, the negative stiffness energy-absorbing components on the shell surface and the variable stiffness energy-absorbing structure have a certain reusable function, which enables the present invention to absorb energy repeatedly. The addition of the energy-absorbing anchor rod in the present invention enhances the initial support force of the combined support and the energy absorption capacity during contraction in the radial direction, and enhances the tensile strength of the combined support in the axial direction, thereby enhancing the stability of the combined support.

[0052] Therefore, the present invention adopts a new type of tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-impact support with the above structure, which can perform band gap vibration suppression through periodic structural belts during operation, and can achieve local or overall repeatable yielding energy absorption through variable stiffness components when subjected to dynamic loads or large displacement impacts. At the same time, the energy-absorbing anchor rods enhance the radial and axial stability of the combined support, thereby avoiding failure of the support system and maintaining the safety of the entire support system.

[0053] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A new type of tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support, characterized by: It comprises three circles of U-shaped steel, a connector, a negative stiffness energy absorbing member of a shell curved surface, a band gap vibration suppression periodic structure, a variable stiffness energy absorbing structure and a plurality of energy absorbing anchor rods, wherein the plurality of energy absorbing anchor rods are evenly and equidistantly arranged on the circumference of the band gap vibration suppression periodic structure, the variable stiffness energy absorbing structure and the three circles of U-shaped steel, the three circles of U-shaped steel are arranged into four sections, and two adjacent sections of the three circles of U-shaped steel are connected to the negative stiffness energy absorbing member of the shell curved surface through the connector, the negative stiffness energy absorbing member of the shell curved surface is arranged between two of the connectors, and both ends of the two connectors are connected to a yield guide, and the three circles of U-shaped steel form two gap belts, and the variable stiffness energy absorbing structure and the band gap vibration suppression periodic structure are filled inside the gap belts; The bandgap vibration suppression periodic structure is placed at the bottom of the groove of the inner ring U-shaped steel, and is composed of five stacked sub-periodic structure bands, each of which is composed of a plurality of vibration suppression structure unit cells arranged periodically, and the vibration suppression structure unit cell is a cube, which is composed of a scatterer and a matrix, and the scatterer is periodically embedded in the matrix in a face-centered cubic lattice on a two-dimensional period, and the matrix is ​​bonded by a matrix plate by glue, and the matrix plate is formed by reserving hemispherical holes according to the face-centered cubic lattice, and the material of the matrix plate is epoxy resin; The variable stiffness energy absorption structure is configured as a quarter-circular ring structure, and includes a U-shaped jacket, a partition, a core ring and a pad placed inside the groove of the middle ring U-shaped steel, the lower surface of the pad is connected to the core ring, an energy absorption box is arranged between the core ring and the bottom center of the U-shaped jacket, the energy absorption box is configured as a folded edge structure, and is fixed by grooves on the U-shaped jacket and the core ring, and a rubber layer is arranged between the core ring and the partition, and between the partition and the U-shaped jacket.

2. According to claim 1, a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support, characterized in that: The three circles of U-shaped steel include an inner circle of U-shaped steel, a middle circle of U-shaped steel arranged on the outside of the inner circle of U-shaped steel, and an outer circle of U-shaped steel arranged on the outside of the middle circle of U-shaped steel. Square guide grooves are arranged at the ends of the outer circle of U-shaped steel, the middle circle of U-shaped steel and the inner circle of U-shaped steel, and first through holes for installing the energy-absorbing anchor rods are evenly and equidistantly arranged at the bottom of the square guide grooves.

3. According to claim 2, a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support is characterized by: The connector includes a connector body and a connector baffle connected to the connector body, the sides of the connector baffle and the connector body are both provided with long strip bosses adapted to the square guide grooves, the front of the connector body is provided with stepped holes and stop pins, the stop pins and the connector body are an integrated structure, and two groups of symmetrical trapezoidal bosses are provided at both ends of the connector body.

4. According to claim 3, a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support is characterized in that: The guide includes a guide body and a guide baffle, wherein the guide baffle is installed at the end of the guide body, and a trapezoidal guide groove adapted to the trapezoidal boss is arranged at the front center of the guide body, wherein the depth of the trapezoidal guide groove is greater than the length of the trapezoidal boss.

5. According to claim 4, a novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support is characterized in that: The shell curved surface negative stiffness energy absorbing component is composed of a radial array of unit cell structures, including a first unit cell, a second unit cell connected to the first unit cell, a third unit cell connected to the second unit cell, and a fourth unit cell connected to the third unit cell. The fourth unit cell has the same structure as the first unit cell, and the second unit cell has the same structure as the third unit cell. A central column head is arranged at the center of the first unit cell and the fourth unit cell, and the internal threaded through hole on the central column head is connected to the stepped hole by screws. The second unit cell and the third unit cell are connected to each other by studs through the internal threaded through hole on the central column head.

6. The novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support according to claim 5 is characterized by: The energy-absorbing anchor rod includes an outer sleeve inserted into the first through hole and a rod body sleeved in the outer sleeve. The upper half of the rod body is inserted into the surrounding rock body for grouting anchoring and is fixed in the surrounding rock body by a hemispherical gasket and a nut. A truncated cone-shaped support head is provided at the end of the rod body. The truncated cone-shaped support head cooperates with a small slit provided in the lower half of the outer sleeve to expand and absorb energy. The upper half of the outer sleeve is fixed to the three circles of U-shaped steel by the nut.

7. The novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support according to claim 6 is characterized by: The scatterer consists of a wrapping layer and a core body, wherein the core body is arranged inside the wrapping layer and is arranged as a spherical structure.

8. The novel tunnel O-shaped shed and anchor rod combined anti-collision support according to claim 7 is characterized by: The pad is an annular steel plate, the width of which is the same as the straight-line distance between two points on the edge of the outer ring of the U-shaped outer sleeve, and the core ring is an inverted trapezoidal steel ring.

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