Optical sensor system and detection method thereof, carbon slide plate

Abstract

An optical sensor system and its detection method, and a carbon slide plate, the optical sensor system comprising: an optical transceiver, the optical transceiver being used to transmit optical signals and having an optical transceiver end face; a step structure comprising multiple steps, each step having a light reflecting surface and having its own light reflection wavelength, capable of reflecting only light signals consistent with the light reflection wavelength back to the optical transceiver end face; a deformable plate capable of bending and deforming when subjected to force, the optical transceiver being connected to the front face of one end of the deformable plate, and the step structure being coupled to the front face of the other end of the deformable plate; wherein, when the deformable plate is not subjected to force, the side faces of each step face the optical transceiver end face. The present invention can accurately detect the force applied to the deformable plate and improve detection safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of optical technology, and in particular to an optical sensor system and a detection method thereof, and a carbon slide board. Background Art

[0002] Subways are becoming a primary and efficient means of transportation in cities. Compared to other urban transportation options, subways offer significant advantages in terms of capacity, with transport capacity approximately seven to ten times that of cars and buses, providing significant convenience for residents. Furthermore, subways operate at high speeds, reaching speeds of up to 80 kilometers per hour, while intercity subways can reach speeds of 160 kilometers per hour, saving significant time. Consequently, ensuring the safe operation of urban subways, particularly the proper functioning of the catenary system, presents significant challenges.

[0003] This is because the proper working condition of the pantograph head, the contact wire, and the force relationship between the pantograph and the contact wire are paramount to the safety of subway train operations. The working condition of the pantograph head is primarily reflected in the working condition of the carbon plate, while the force relationship between the pantograph and the contact wire is primarily reflected in the relationship between the pantograph's carbon plate and the contact wire.

[0004] When a subway system is in operation, the contact pressure between the pantograph's carbon plate and the catenary conductor fluctuates randomly due to the vibration of the pantograph and the catenary, resulting in an inconsistency in the contact pressure. Therefore, a stable dynamic contact force between the pantograph and the catenary is crucial for ensuring a good current-collecting relationship and maintaining continuous power in the subway system. This stable dynamic contact force between the pantograph and the catenary is primarily reflected in the dynamic contact force between the carbon plate and the catenary conductor.

[0005] Therefore, certain intelligent sensors need to be integrated into the pantograph to sense the real-time working status between the pantograph and the grid. Specifically, they can be integrated into the carbon slide of the pantograph to sense the real-time working status between the carbon slide and the contact line.

[0006] However, in the prior art, the detection results of the contact force between the bow and the catenary often have large deviations, lack accuracy, and are prone to safety hazards.

[0007] There is an urgent need for an optical sensor system that can accurately detect the force range and improve detection safety. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide an optical sensor system and a detection method thereof, and a pantograph, which can accurately detect the force applied to the deformable plate and improve detection safety.

[0009] To solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides an optical sensor system, comprising: an optical transceiver, which is used to transmit optical signals and has an optical transceiver end face; a step structure, which includes multiple steps, the surface of each step is a light reflecting surface, and has its own light reflection wavelength, and can only reflect light signals consistent with the light reflection wavelength back to the optical transceiver end face; a deformable plate, which can bend and deform when subjected to force, the optical transceiver is connected to the front face of one end of the deformable plate, and the step structure is coupled to the front face of the other end of the deformable plate; wherein, when the deformable plate is not subjected to force, the side faces of each step face the optical transceiver end face.

[0010] Optionally, the light reflection wavelengths of the surfaces of different steps are different.

[0011] Optionally, the average distance between the side surfaces of the steps at each level and the optical transceiver end surface is related to the estimated upper limit of the force to which the deformable plate is subjected; wherein, the greater the estimated upper limit of the force to which the deformable plate is subjected, the smaller the average distance between the side surfaces of the steps at each level and the optical transceiver end surface.

[0012] Optionally, the average distance between the side surfaces of the steps at each level and the optical transceiver end surface is related to the estimated upper limit of the deformation degree of the deformable plate; wherein, the greater the estimated upper limit of the deformation degree of the deformable plate, the smaller the average distance between the side surfaces of the steps at each level and the optical transceiver end surface.

[0013] Optionally, the optical sensor system further includes: a cantilever beam, which does not bend or deform when subjected to force; wherein one end of the cantilever beam is connected to the front side of the other end of the deformation plate, and the other end of the cantilever beam is coupled to the step structure.

[0014] Optionally, the connection position between the optical transceiver and the deformable plate is recorded as the first connection point, and the connection position between the cantilever beam and the deformable plate is recorded as the second connection point; the smaller of the area of ​​the optical transceiver end face and the total side area of ​​each level of step is recorded as the effective area; wherein, the larger the effective area, the greater the distance between the first connection point and the second connection point.

[0015] Optionally, the area of ​​the light transmitting and receiving end face is larger than the total side area of ​​the steps at each level.

[0016] Optionally, the center of the optical transceiver end face is flush with the center of the step structure.

[0017] Optionally, the wavelength range of light that can be reflected by the surface of each step of the step structure covers the wavelength range of the optical signal transmitted by the optical transceiver device.

[0018] Optionally, the step structure is a MEMS blazed grating.

[0019] Optionally, the optical transceiver device includes an optical focusing device; wherein the optical focusing device is used to focus the transmitted optical signal and the reflected optical signal.

[0020] Optionally, the light focusing device is selected from: a focusing lens, a fiber optic collimator.

[0021] Optionally, the backlight surface of the step structure is a convex surface, and the steps of the step structure are serrated.

[0022] Optionally, the optical sensor system further includes: a MEMS acceleration sensor located on the deformation plate; wherein the MEMS acceleration sensor is located on the same side of the optical transceiver device and the step structure, and is spaced apart from the optical transceiver device and the step structure.

[0023] In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a detection method based on the above-mentioned optical sensor system, including: using the optical transceiver device to transmit the optical signal to the side of the step structure through the optical transceiver end face, and receiving the reflected light signal reflected back from the side of the step structure; determining the force applied to the deformable plate according to the wavelength of the received reflected light signal.

[0024] Optionally, there is a one-to-one mapping relationship between the wavelength of the received reflected light signal and the force applied to the deformable plate; determining the force applied to the deformable plate according to the wavelength of the reflected light signal includes: determining the force applied to the deformable plate according to the wavelength of the reflected light signal by searching the mapping relationship.

[0025] Optionally, there is a one-to-one mapping relationship between the wavelength of the received reflected light signal and the degree of deformation of the deformable plate, and there is a one-to-one mapping relationship between the degree of deformation of the deformable plate and the force applied to the deformable plate; determining the force applied to the deformable plate according to the wavelength of the reflected light signal includes: determining the degree of deformation of the deformable plate according to the wavelength of the reflected light signal by searching the mapping relationship, and then determining the force applied to the deformable plate according to the degree of deformation.

[0026] In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a carbon skateboard, including: the optical sensor system as described above; a carbon skateboard base, wherein the carbon skateboard base is bonded to the back side of the deformable plate of the optical sensor system; wherein the stiffness of the carbon skateboard base is greater than or equal to the stiffness of the deformable plate.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] In an embodiment of the present invention, an optical sensor system is configured to include an optical transceiver for transmitting optical signals, a step structure for reflecting optical signals, and a deformable plate. This allows optical signals transmitted from the optical transceiver end face to illuminate the side of the step structure. When the deformable plate bends and deforms, the optical transceiver at one end of the deformable plate will be displaced relative to the step structure at the other end of the deformable plate, resulting in different wavelengths of light reflected from the surfaces of different steps. The position of the signal shifts on the surface of the step structure. Since each step has its own light reflection wavelength, the wavelength of light reflected back to the optical transceiver end face is filtered to be consistent with the step from which it was reflected. This allows the determination of which step the optical signal was reflected from. Furthermore, the force applied to the deformable plate can be determined based on the relationship between the force fitting result of the deformable plate, the degree of deformation of the deformable plate, and the step position (or light reflection wavelength).

[0029] Furthermore, the light reflection wavelengths on the surfaces of different steps are different, so that the light signal can be uniquely determined from the side of which step it is reflected based on the light reflection wavelength reflected back from the light transmitting and receiving end face, and the offset of the light signal when the deformable plate is bent and deformed can be further accurately determined.

[0030] Furthermore, the greater the estimated upper limit of the force that the deformable plate will be subjected to, the smaller the average distance between the side surfaces of the steps at each level and the optical transceiver end face. Based on the estimated upper limit of the force that the deformable plate will be subjected to, the distance between the step structure and the optical transceiver device can be appropriately set to avoid the situation where the reflected optical signal cannot return to the optical transceiver end face after the deformable plate is severely deformed due to excessive force.

[0031] Furthermore, the greater the estimated upper limit of the deformation degree of the deformable plate, the smaller the average distance between the side surfaces of the steps at each level and the optical transceiver end face. Based on the estimated upper limit of the deformation degree of the deformable plate, the distance between the step structure and the optical transceiver device can be appropriately set to avoid the situation where the deformable plate is easily deformed, resulting in severe deformation after being subjected to a small amount of force, and the reflected optical signal cannot return to the optical transceiver end face.

[0032] Furthermore, the optical sensor system also includes a cantilever beam, which does not bend or deform when subjected to force, wherein one end of the cantilever beam is connected to the front side of the other end of the deformation plate, and the other end of the cantilever beam is coupled to the step structure, which is equivalent to using the cantilever beam to extend the length of the detectable deformation plate, and can detect the force range of a deformation plate with a longer length, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of detection.

[0033] Furthermore, the larger the effective area, the larger the distance between the first connection point and the second connection point. The length of the cantilever beam can be appropriately set to avoid the situation where the deformation plate is severely deformed due to the cantilever beam being set too long, and the reflected light signal cannot return to the optical transceiver end face.

[0034] Furthermore, the area of ​​the light transmitting and receiving end face is larger than the total area of ​​the side surfaces of the steps, which helps to still receive reflected light when the deformable plate bends and deforms, causing the angle of the reflected light to change.

[0035] Furthermore, the center of the light transmitting and receiving end surface is flush with the center of the step structure, so that when the deformable plate is bent and deformed, the reflected light reflected from the side surface of the step can be received as much as possible.

[0036] Furthermore, the wavelength range of the light reflection wavelength that can be reflected by the surface of each step of the step structure covers the wavelength range of the optical signal transmitted by the optical transceiver device, so that each step can be effectively utilized to avoid the situation where some or all steps cannot reflect the currently transmitted optical signal due to improper setting.

[0037] Furthermore, the optical transceiver device includes an optical focusing device, which is used to focus the transmitted optical signal and the reflected optical signal. The focusing process can make the optical signal illuminate the step structure in the form of parallel light, and can make the reflected light reflected from the step structure be re-focused and transmitted, such as making the reflected light return along the original optical fiber path, avoiding errors caused by light divergence.

[0038] Furthermore, the optical sensor system also includes a MEMS acceleration sensor, which can be used to detect acceleration parameters of the bending deformation of the deformable plate.

[0039] Furthermore, in an embodiment of the present invention, a carbon skateboard is disclosed, including an optical sensor system and a carbon skateboard base, and the carbon skateboard base is bonded to the back side of the deformation plate of the optical sensor system, so that the optical sensor system can be used to detect the force applied to the carbon skateboard base during bending and deformation. Since the deformation plate can be used after being bonded to the carbon skateboard base, the added optical sensor system is not restricted by the shape and size of the pantograph head, that is, it can be installed in large quantities on pantograph heads of different manufacturers and models. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical sensor system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the principle of light signal reflection by a step structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 is a structural perspective diagram of another optical sensor system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 is a side view of the structure of another optical sensor system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 is a side view of another step structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 This is a flow chart of a detection method of an optical sensor system in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In the existing technology, it is necessary to detect the contact force relationship between the pantograph and the contact wire of the subway. However, the detection results of the contact force between the pantograph and the catenary often have large deviations, insufficient accuracy, and easily bring safety hazards.

[0047] The inventors of the present invention have found through research that the main technologies for monitoring the relationship between the bow and the catenary currently include visual imaging technology and electronic sensing technology.

[0048] Among the existing first detection technologies, visual imaging technology is a non-contact measurement technology, so it cannot effectively detect and provide feedback on the dynamic characteristics between the pantograph and the catenary, such as the pantograph-catenary contact force, and it only serves as a post-event video review and accident tracing tool for most of the operating parameters of the pantograph-catenary relationship.

[0049] The second existing detection technology, electronic sensing, although a contact-based measurement method involving the installation of a pantograph-catenary contact force sensor and an acceleration sensor on the pantograph head, still presents challenges. First, the signals collected through active detection are subject to significant electromagnetic interference, significantly hindering accurate subsequent data analysis. Second, the signal transmission cables present safety risks. Improper installation and wiring procedures, or mechanical damage from external forces, can lead to serious electrical insulation failures, posing a serious threat to the lives of passengers. Therefore, this detection technology is not suitable for widespread application on high-speed trains, subways, and other electric passenger vehicles.

[0050] In addition, in the existing technology, the added detection device is restricted by the shape and size of the pantograph heads, and requires multiple designs and verifications. Therefore, it cannot be installed in large quantities on pantograph heads of different manufacturers and models.

[0051] In an embodiment of the present invention, an optical sensor system is provided including an optical transceiver for transmitting an optical signal, a step structure for reflecting an optical signal, and a deformable plate. The optical signal transmitted from the optical transceiver end face can be irradiated onto the side of the step structure. When the deformable plate is bent and deformed, the optical transceiver located at one end of the deformable plate will produce a relative displacement relative to the step structure at the other end of the deformable plate, causing the position of the optical signal on the surface of the step structure to move. Since the side of each step has its own light reflection wavelength, the light reflection wavelength reflected back to the optical transceiver end face is filtered to be consistent with the reflected step. Therefore, it is possible to determine which step reflects the optical signal, and then there is an opportunity to determine the force applied to the deformable plate based on the relationship between the force range of the deformable plate, the deformation range of the deformable plate, and the step position (or light reflection wavelength).

[0052] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and beneficial effects of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0053] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical sensor system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The optical sensor system may include an optical transceiver 11 , a step structure 12 , and a deformable plate 13 .

[0054] The optical transceiver device 11 is used to transmit optical signals and has an optical transceiver end face.

[0055] Specifically, the optical signal may be a laser signal, and may be provided by an external light source or an integrated light source in a chip.

[0056] The step structure 12 includes multiple steps, and the surface of each step is a light reflecting surface with its own light reflection wavelength, and can only reflect light signals consistent with the light reflection wavelength back to the optical transceiver end face.

[0057] It should be noted that the surface of the step may include the top surface and side surfaces of the step.

[0058] In a specific implementation, for example, a reflective material may be coated or adhered to the surface of the step. The reflective materials of adjacent steps may be the same or different. Different reflective materials may reflect light signals of different wavelengths.

[0059] The deformable plate 13 can bend and deform when subjected to force. The optical transceiver 11 is connected to the front of one end of the deformable plate 13 , and the step structure 12 is coupled to the front of the other end of the deformable plate 13 .

[0060] When the deformable plate 13 is not subjected to force, the side surfaces of each step face toward the light transmitting and receiving end surface.

[0061] In an embodiment of the present invention, an optical sensor system is configured to include an optical transceiver 11 for transmitting optical signals, a step structure 12 for reflecting optical signals, and a deformable plate 13. This allows optical signals transmitted from the optical transceiver end face to illuminate the side of the step structure 12. When the deformable plate 13 bends and deforms, the optical transceiver 11 located at one end of the deformable plate 13 will be displaced relative to the step structure 12 at the other end of the deformable plate 13, resulting in different wavelengths of light reflected from the surfaces of different steps. The position of the signal shifts along the side of the step structure 12. Since each step has its own light reflection wavelength, the wavelength of light reflected back to the optical transceiver end face is filtered to align with the step from which it was reflected. This allows the determination of the step from which the optical signal was reflected. Furthermore, the force applied to the deformable plate 13 can be determined based on the relationship between the force fitting result of the deformable plate 13, the degree of deformation of the deformable plate 13, and the step position (or light reflection wavelength).

[0062] Furthermore, the light reflection wavelengths of the surfaces of different steps may be different.

[0063] In a specific implementation, for example, a reflective material may be coated or adhered to the surface of the step, and the reflective materials of adjacent steps are different.

[0064] In an embodiment of the present invention, by setting the light reflection wavelengths of the surfaces of different steps to be different, it is possible to uniquely determine which step's surface the light signal is reflected from based on the light reflection wavelength reflected back from the light transceiver end face, and further accurately determine the offset of the light signal when the deformable plate 13 is bent and deformed.

[0065] Furthermore, it can be arranged that the wavelength values ​​of the light reflection wavelengths of the steps from top to bottom of the step structure 12 increase or decrease in sequence.

[0066] In a specific implementation of an embodiment of the present invention, the laser that emits the optical signal can be a wavelength scanning laser. The laser can have a fixed scanning bandwidth. Taking a laser with a bandwidth of 40nm as an example, its output wavelength continuously scans within the range of 1520nm to 1560nm, and scans to a peak signal that meets the range of 1520nm to 1560nm in the comb-type spectrum.

[0067] Taking the step structure 12 including 5 steps as an example, the wavelength values ​​of the light reflection wavelengths of each step from top to bottom (or from bottom to top) can be set to 1520nm, 1530nm, 1540nm, 1550nm, and 1560nm respectively.

[0068] like Figure 1The step structure 12 shown in the figure can have an inclination angle between the inclined surface of the step and the bottom plane selected from a suitable angle, such as 45 to 60 degrees, so as to better reflect the light signal while avoiding the step structure 12 occupying too large an area.

[0069] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of reflecting light signals by a step structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0070] Specifically, as the deformable plate 13 bends and deforms under force, it may warp upward or bend downward. At this time, the optical transceiver 11 located at one end of the deformable plate 13 will produce relative displacement relative to the step structure 12 at the other end of the deformable plate 13, causing the position of the optical signal on the side of the step structure 12 to move.

[0071] Specifically, when the deformable plate 13 does not bend, the optical path of the optical signal may be a; when the deformable plate 13 bends downward, the optical path of the optical signal may be b; and when the deformable plate 13 tilts upward, the optical path of the optical signal may be c.

[0072] When an optical signal is irradiated on a step with a light reflection wavelength of 1520 nm, only the optical signal with a wavelength of 1520 nm is reflected back to the optical transceiver end face, while the optical signal with wavelengths of 1530 nm to 1560 nm is not reflected. Therefore, based on the wavelength of the received reflected light being 1520 nm, it can be confirmed that the optical signal is irradiated on the step with a light reflection wavelength of 1520 nm.

[0073] Furthermore, the average distance between the side surfaces of the steps at each level and the optical transceiver end surface is related to the estimated upper limit of the force to which the deformable plate 13 is subjected; wherein, the greater the estimated upper limit of the force to which the deformable plate 13 is subjected, the smaller the average distance between the side surfaces of the steps at each level and the optical transceiver end surface.

[0074] Specifically, based on historical data or empirical data, it is possible to estimate the upper limit of the force that the deformable plate 13 may be subjected to.

[0075] It should be pointed out that if the deformable plate 13 is attached to other devices, such as the carbon skateboard base of a pantograph with greater rigidity, then in order to detect the degree of deformation of the carbon skateboard base, the force and stiffness of the carbon skateboard base can be used instead of the parameters of the deformable plate 13 for detection.

[0076] Stiffness refers to the ability of a material or structure to resist elastic deformation when subjected to stress. It represents the ease with which a material or structure can deform elastically. For example, the stiffness of a material can be measured using the elastic modulus E.

[0077] In an embodiment of the present invention, the greater the estimated upper limit of the force to which the deformable plate 13 is subjected, the smaller the average distance between the side surfaces of the steps and the optical transceiver end face. Based on the estimated upper limit of the force to which the deformable plate 13 is subjected, the distance between the step structure 12 and the optical transceiver device 11 can be appropriately set to avoid the situation where the reflected optical signal cannot return to the optical transceiver end face after the deformable plate 13 is severely deformed due to excessive force.

[0078] Furthermore, the average distance between the side surfaces of the steps at each level and the optical transceiver end surface is related to the estimated upper limit of the deformation degree of the deformable plate 13; wherein, the greater the estimated upper limit of the deformation degree of the deformable plate 13, the smaller the average distance between the side surfaces of the steps at each level and the optical transceiver end surface.

[0079] Specifically, the degree of deformation is a measure of the difference in shape between the material before and after deformation, i.e., the magnitude of the material's deformation. When subjected to the same force, a material with greater stiffness will deform less than a material with less stiffness.

[0080] In an embodiment of the present invention, the greater the estimated upper limit of the deformation degree of the deformable plate 13, the smaller the average distance between the side surfaces of the steps and the optical transceiver end face. Based on the estimated upper limit of the deformation degree of the deformable plate 13, the distance between the step structure 12 and the optical transceiver device 11 can be appropriately set to avoid the situation where the deformable plate 13 is easily deformed and severely deformed after being subjected to a small amount of force, and the reflected light signal cannot return to the optical transceiver end face.

[0081] Furthermore, the area of ​​the light transmitting and receiving end face is larger than the total area of ​​the side faces of the steps at each level.

[0082] In the embodiment of the present invention, the area of ​​the light transmitting and receiving end face is larger than the total side area of ​​the steps, which helps to still receive reflected light when the deformable plate 13 bends and deforms, causing the angle of the reflected light to change.

[0083] Furthermore, the center of the optical transceiver end face may be flush with the center of the step structure 12 .

[0084] In the embodiment of the present invention, the center of the light transmitting and receiving end surface is flush with the center of the step structure 12 , so that when the deformable plate 13 is bent and deformed, the reflected light reflected from the side of the step can be received as much as possible.

[0085] Furthermore, the wavelength range of light that can be reflected by the surface of each step of the step structure 12 covers the wavelength range of the optical signal transmitted by the optical transceiver device 11 .

[0086] In an embodiment of the present invention, the wavelength range of the light reflection wavelength that can be reflected by the surface of each step of the step structure 12 covers the wavelength range of the optical signal transmitted by the optical transceiver device 11, so that each step can be effectively utilized to avoid the situation where some or all steps cannot reflect the currently transmitted optical signal due to improper setting.

[0087] Furthermore, the step structure 12 may be a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) blazed grating.

[0088] It should be noted that the step structure 12 may also be a Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical System (MOEMS) blazed grating or a Micro-Opto-Mechanical System (MOMS) blazed grating.

[0089] Regarding blazed gratings, when the grating is scored with a sawtooth-shaped groove cross-section, the grating's light energy is concentrated in a predetermined direction, specifically at a specific spectral level. Detection from this direction results in a maximum spectral intensity, a phenomenon known as blaze, and this type of grating is called a blazed grating. In a blazed grating, the diffraction grooves are smooth, flat surfaces that form an angle with the grating surface, known as the blaze angle. The wavelength corresponding to the maximum light intensity is known as the blaze wavelength.

[0090] Combined with reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 3 is a structural perspective view of another optical sensor system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 It is a structural side view of another optical sensor system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0091] The other optical sensor system may include an optical transceiver device 21 , a step structure 22 , a deformation plate 23 , and may also include one or more of the following: a cantilever beam 24 , a cantilever beam base 241 , a MEMS acceleration chip support 25 , a MEMS acceleration sensor 26 , and a cover 27 .

[0092] For more information about the optical transceiver 21, the step structure 22, and the deformable plate 23, please refer to the previous text and Figure 1 The description of the optical transceiver 11 , the step structure 12 , and the deformable plate 13 will not be repeated here.

[0093] Furthermore, the cantilever beam 24 does not bend or deform when subjected to force; wherein, one end of the cantilever beam 24 is connected to the front side of the other end of the deformation plate 23 , and the other end of the cantilever beam 24 is coupled to the step structure 22 .

[0094] One end of the cantilever beam 24 may be connected to the front surface of the other end of the deformation plate 23 through a cantilever beam base 241 .

[0095] Specifically, the rigidity of the cantilever beam 24 is large enough so that the bending deformation of the cantilever beam 24 when subjected to force is much smaller than the bending deformation of the deformable plate 23 when subjected to force.

[0096] In an embodiment of the present invention, the optical sensor system further includes a cantilever beam 24, which does not bend or deform when subjected to force. This is equivalent to utilizing the cantilever beam 24 to extend the length of the detectable deformation plate, thereby enabling detection of forces on deformation plates of a longer length, and effectively improving detection accuracy.

[0097] For example, Figure 1 In the embodiment, when the cantilever beam is not provided, only the stress condition of the deformable plate 13 of the length between the step structure 12 and the optical transceiver 11 can be detected. If the deformable plate 13 is very long, it is difficult to accurately present the stress result of the entire deformable plate 13.

[0098] And in Figure 3 In the embodiment, when a cantilever beam 24 is provided, the force applied to the deformable plate 13 along the length between the connection position of the cantilever beam 24 and the deformable plate (eg, the cantilever beam base 241 ) and the optical transceiver device 21 can be detected.

[0099] It can be understood that by utilizing the cantilever beam 24 , the length of the detectable deformation plate is extended, and the force acting on the deformation plate with a longer length can be detected.

[0100] Furthermore, the optical transceiver device 21 may include an optical focusing device 211 , an optical focusing device base 212 , and an optical fiber pigtail plug 213 .

[0101] The optical focusing device 211 is used to focus the transmitted optical signal and the reflected optical signal.

[0102] The optical fiber pigtail plug 213 is used to transmit the transmitted optical signal and the reflected optical signal.

[0103] In an embodiment of the present invention, the optical transceiver 21 includes an optical focusing device 211, which is used to focus the transmitted optical signal and the reflected optical signal. The focusing process can make the optical signal irradiate the step structure 22 in the form of parallel light, and can make the reflected light reflected from the step structure 22 be re-focused and transmitted, such as making the reflected light return along the original optical fiber path, thereby avoiding errors caused by light divergence.

[0104] Furthermore, the light focusing device 211 can be selected from: a focusing lens, a fiber collimator.

[0105] The focusing lens may be, for example, a convex lens, for focusing the transmitted optical signal.

[0106] The fiber collimator can be formed by precisely positioning a fiber pigtail and a self-focusing lens, and can convert the transmitted light in the fiber into collimated light (parallel light), or couple external parallel (approximately parallel) light into the single-mode fiber.

[0107] Furthermore, the connection position between the optical transceiver device 21 and the deformable plate 23 is recorded as the first connection point, and the connection position between the cantilever beam 24 and the deformable plate 23 is recorded as the second connection point; the smaller of the area of ​​the optical transceiver end face and the total side area of ​​each level of steps is recorded as the effective area; wherein, the larger the effective area, the larger the distance between the first connection point and the second connection point.

[0108] like Figure 3 As shown, the connection position between the optical transceiver device 21 and the deformable plate 23 can be the optical focusing device base 212, and the connection position between the cantilever beam 24 and the deformable plate 23 can be the cantilever beam base 241. The larger the effective area, the greater the distance between the optical focusing device base 212 and the cantilever beam base 241.

[0109] In an embodiment of the present invention, the larger the effective area, the larger the distance between the first connection point and the second connection point. The length of the cantilever beam 24 can be appropriately set to avoid the situation where the deformation plate 23 is severely deformed due to the cantilever beam 24 being set too long, and the reflected light signal cannot return to the optical transceiver end face.

[0110] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 5 It is a side view of another step structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0111] The backlight surface of the step structure 32 may be convex, and the steps of the step structure 32 may be serrated, so that the light signal can be more focused during reception and reflection, thereby avoiding the light signal from being unable to be reflected back to the optical transceiver due to divergence.

[0112] It is understandable that Figure 1 Taking the step structure 12 shown as an example, the backlight surface thereof is the left side surface and the bottom surface.

[0113] Furthermore, if Figure 5 The step structure 32 shown in FIG. 1 has an inclination angle (such as Figure 5 The angle k) shown can be selected from a suitable angle, such as 30 to 60 degrees, for example, 45 degrees, so as to better reflect the light signal while preventing the step structure 32 from occupying too large an area.

[0114] Furthermore, if Figure 3 As shown, the MEMS acceleration sensor 26 can be located on the deformation plate 23; wherein, the MEMS acceleration sensor 26 can be located on the same side of the optical transceiver device 21 and the step structure 22, and there is a gap between the MEMS acceleration sensor 26 and the optical transceiver device 21 and the step structure 22.

[0115] On the deformation plate 23 , the MEMS acceleration sensor 26 , the step structure 22 and the optical transceiver device 21 may be distributed in sequence.

[0116] The MEMS acceleration chip support 25 can be used to fix the MEMS acceleration sensor 26 , for example, in a chip manner.

[0117] The MEMS acceleration chip support 25 can be installed with an acceleration sensor that measures acceleration in the vertical direction only, or can be installed with a three-axis acceleration sensor that measures acceleration in the vertical, transverse, and longitudinal directions.

[0118] The fiber pigtail of the MEMS acceleration sensor 26 can pass through the optical fiber pigtail plug 213 and exit the optical sensor system.

[0119] In the embodiment of the present invention, the optical sensor system may further include a MEMS acceleration sensor 26 , which may be used to detect acceleration parameters of the bending deformation of the deformable plate 23 .

[0120] The optical fiber pigtail plug 213 can be located at one end of the deformation plate 23, which can bundle optical fibers and lead out optical cables, and can also seal the sensor.

[0121] The cover 27 can cover and protect the optical sensor system.

[0122] Reference Figure 6 , Figure 6 1 is a flow chart of a detection method of an optical sensor system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The detection method of the optical sensor system may include steps S61 to S62:

[0123] Step S61: using the optical transceiver device to transmit an optical signal to the surface of the step structure through the optical transceiver end face, and receiving a reflected optical signal reflected back from the surface of the step structure;

[0124] Step S62: determining the force on the deformable plate according to the wavelength of the received reflected light signal.

[0125] In a specific implementation of an embodiment of the present invention, there is a one-to-one mapping relationship between the wavelength of the received reflected light signal and the force applied to the deformable plate; determining the force applied to the deformable plate according to the wavelength of the reflected light signal includes: determining the force applied to the deformable plate according to the wavelength of the reflected light signal by searching the mapping relationship.

[0126] In a specific application, a fitting formula may be created, and the force may be determined using the fitting formula.

[0127] Specifically, experiments can be conducted in advance, for example, by hanging a known weight on the deformable plate and detecting the wavelength of the received reflected light signal, then successively increasing or decreasing the hung weight and continuing to detect the wavelength of the received reflected light signal, thereby preparing a mapping relationship between multiple wavelengths of the received reflected light signal and multiple forces on the deformable plate, and then creating a fitting formula based on the mapping relationship, so that in subsequent steps, the force on the deformable plate can be determined by the fitting formula based on the wavelength of the received reflected light signal.

[0128] In another specific implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, there is a one-to-one mapping relationship between the wavelength of the received reflected light signal and the degree of deformation of the deformable plate, and there is a one-to-one mapping relationship between the degree of deformation of the deformable plate and the force applied to the deformable plate; determining the force applied to the deformable plate according to the wavelength of the reflected light signal includes: determining the degree of deformation of the deformable plate according to the wavelength of the reflected light signal by looking up the mapping relationship, and then determining the force applied to the deformable plate according to the degree of deformation.

[0129] In a specific implementation, a fitting formula can be created based on the wavelength of the received reflected light signal and the deformation range of the deformable plate, and a fitting formula can be created based on a one-to-one mapping relationship between the deformation degree of the deformable plate and the force applied to the deformable plate, and then the force can be determined through the fitting formula.

[0130] Specifically, an experiment can be conducted in advance, for example, by hanging a known weight on the deformable plate and detecting the degree of deformation of the deformable plate and the wavelength of the received reflected light signal, and then successively increasing or decreasing the hung weight, and continuing to detect the degree of deformation of the deformable plate and the wavelength of the received reflected light signal, and then preparing a mapping relationship between the wavelength of the received reflected light signal, the degree of deformation of the deformable plate, and the force applied to the deformable plate, and then creating a fitting formula based on the mapping relationship, so that in subsequent steps, the degree of deformation of the deformable plate and the force applied to the deformable plate can be determined based on the fitting formula and the wavelength of the received reflected light signal.

[0131] In an embodiment of the present invention, an optical sensor system is provided including an optical transceiver for transmitting an optical signal, a step structure for reflecting an optical signal, and a deformable plate. The optical signal transmitted from the optical transceiver end face can be irradiated onto the side of the step structure. When the deformable plate is bent and deformed, the optical transceiver located at one end of the deformable plate will produce a relative displacement relative to the step structure at the other end of the deformable plate, causing the position of the optical signal on the surface of the step structure to move. Since the surface of each step has its own light reflection wavelength, the light reflection wavelength reflected back to the optical transceiver end face is filtered to be consistent with the reflected step. Therefore, it is possible to determine which step reflects the optical signal, and then there is an opportunity to determine the force on the deformable plate based on the relationship between the force fitting result of the deformable plate, the deformation degree of the deformable plate, and the step position (or light reflection wavelength).

[0132] In an embodiment of the present invention, a carbon slide plate is also disclosed, comprising: Figures 1 to 5 The optical sensor system described herein; a carbon skateboard base, wherein the carbon skateboard base is bonded to the back side of the deformable plate of the optical sensor system; wherein the stiffness of the carbon skateboard base is greater than or equal to the stiffness of the deformable plate.

[0133] In an embodiment of the present invention, a carbon skateboard is disclosed, including an optical sensor system and a carbon skateboard base, and the carbon skateboard base is bonded to the back side of the deformation plate of the optical sensor system, so that the optical sensor system can be used to detect the force applied to the carbon skateboard base during bending and deformation. Since the deformation plate can be used after being bonded to the carbon skateboard base, the added optical sensor system is not restricted by the shape and size of the pantograph head, that is, it can be installed in large quantities on pantograph heads of different manufacturers and models.

[0134] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. An optical sensor system, characterized in that: include: An optical transceiver device, the optical transceiver device is used to transmit optical signals and has an optical transceiver end face; A stepped structure comprising multiple steps, each step having a light-reflecting surface having a respective light-reflecting wavelength and capable of reflecting only light signals consistent with the light-reflecting wavelength back to the optical transceiver end face; A deformable plate capable of bending and deforming when subjected to force, wherein the optical transceiver is connected to the front surface of one end of the deformable plate, and the step structure is coupled to the front surface of the other end of the deformable plate; Wherein, when the deformable plate is not subjected to force, the side surfaces of each step face toward the light transmitting and receiving end surface.

2. The optical sensor system according to claim 1, wherein Different steps reflect light at different wavelengths on their surfaces.

3. The optical sensor system according to claim 1, wherein The average distance between the side surfaces of each step and the light transmitting and receiving end surface is related to the estimated upper limit of the force to which the deformable plate is subjected; The greater the estimated upper limit of the force to which the deformable plate is subjected, the smaller the average distance between the side surfaces of each level of steps and the light transmitting and receiving end surface.

4. The optical sensor system according to claim 1, wherein: The average distance between the side surfaces of each step and the light transmitting and receiving end surface is related to the estimated upper limit of the deformation degree of the deformable plate; The greater the estimated upper limit of the deformation degree of the deformable plate, the smaller the average distance between the side surfaces of each level of steps and the light transmitting and receiving end surface.

5. The optical sensor system according to claim 1, wherein: Also includes: A cantilever beam, wherein the cantilever beam does not bend or deform when subjected to force; One end of the cantilever beam is connected to the front side of the other end of the deformation plate, and the other end of the cantilever beam is coupled to the step structure.

6. The optical sensor system according to claim 5, characterized in that The connection position between the optical transceiver and the deformable plate is recorded as a first connection point, and the connection position between the cantilever beam and the deformable plate is recorded as a second connection point; The smaller of the area of ​​the optical transceiver end face and the total area of ​​the side surfaces of each level of steps is recorded as the effective area; wherein, the larger the effective area, the larger the distance between the first connection point and the second connection point.

7. The optical sensor system according to claim 1, wherein: The area of ​​the light transmitting and receiving end surface is larger than the total area of ​​the side surfaces of the steps.

8. The optical sensor system according to claim 1, wherein: The center of the optical transceiver end face is flush with the center of the step structure.

9. The optical sensor system according to claim 1, wherein: The wavelength range of light that can be reflected by the surface of each step of the step structure covers the wavelength range of the optical signal transmitted by the optical transceiver device.

10. The optical sensor system according to claim 1, wherein: The step structure is a MEMS blazed grating.

11. The optical sensor system according to claim 1, wherein: The optical transceiver device includes an optical focusing device; The optical focusing device is used to focus the transmitted optical signal and the reflected optical signal.

12. The optical sensor system according to claim 11, wherein: The light focusing device is selected from: a focusing lens and a fiber collimator.

13. The optical sensor system according to claim 1, wherein: The backlight surface of the step structure is a convex surface, and the steps of the step structure are sawtooth-shaped.

14. The optical sensor system according to claim 1, wherein: Also includes: A MEMS acceleration sensor is located on the deformation plate; The MEMS acceleration sensor is located on the same side of the optical transceiver device and the step structure, and there is a gap between the MEMS acceleration sensor and the optical transceiver device and the step structure.

15. A detection method based on the optical sensor system according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that: include: Using the optical transceiver device, transmitting an optical signal to the side of the step structure through the optical transceiver end face, and receiving a reflected optical signal reflected back from the side of the step structure; The force applied to the deformable plate is determined according to the wavelength of the received reflected light signal.

16. The detection method of the optical sensor system according to claim 15, characterized in that: There is a one-to-one mapping relationship between the wavelength of the received reflected light signal and the force applied to the deformable plate; Determining the force applied to the deformable plate according to the wavelength of the reflected light signal includes: By searching the mapping relationship, the force on the deformable plate is determined according to the wavelength of the reflected light signal.

17. The detection method of the optical sensor system according to claim 15, characterized in that: There is a one-to-one mapping relationship between the wavelength of the received reflected light signal and the degree of deformation of the deformable plate, and there is a one-to-one mapping relationship between the degree of deformation of the deformable plate and the force applied to the deformable plate; Determining the force applied to the deformable plate according to the wavelength of the reflected light signal includes: By searching the mapping relationship, the deformation degree of the deformable plate is determined according to the wavelength of the reflected light signal, and then the force applied to the deformable plate is determined according to the deformation degree.

18. A carbon skateboard, characterized in that: include: The optical sensor system according to any one of claims 1 to 14; A carbon slide base is attached to the back surface of the deformable plate of the optical sensor system; wherein the rigidity of the carbon slide base is greater than or equal to the rigidity of the deformable plate.

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