Adaptively adjusted microcontroller, solid state power controller and protection method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of aviation power distribution and relates to an adaptive microcontroller, a solid-state power controller, and a protection method. The microcontroller stores real-time acquired load operating current information to form historical data through a storage unit. By setting up a data analysis and processing unit, the historical data is analyzed and processed to fit power-on curves and steady-state curves, thereby obtaining load overload protection parameters and load short-circuit protection parameters. Based on the obtained load overload protection parameters, I is further adjusted. 2 T-protection curve; combined with a current acquisition unit, drive control and protection unit, and power unit, it can automatically adjust the I-value of the solid-state power controller according to different load characteristics. 2 The T-protection curve parameters and short-circuit protection thresholds are adjusted to better adapt to the electrical load characteristics of downstream equipment, avoid tedious adjustment and maintenance work, and improve the adaptability and protection efficiency of the entire power distribution system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aviation power distribution, specifically relating to a microcontroller, a solid-state power controller, and a protection method. Background Technology

[0002] A solid-state power controller (SSPC) is a contactless switching component composed of semiconductor devices that integrates various protection, status indication, and reset functions, and has the ability to control power supply switching. It is an intelligent switching component that combines the switching function of a relay and the circuit protection function of a circuit breaker, realizing the development of circuit breakers from contact form to solid form. It is widely used in the field of aviation power distribution, and can control the switching of DC / AC loads. It also has overcurrent and short-circuit protection functions, and is used to replace conventional relays, contactors, circuit breakers, fuses, etc. to realize the switching control of load power supply and feeder protection.

[0003] A typical implementation of a solid-state power controller involves using controller software combined with load current detection to achieve real-time monitoring of the power supply line current for downstream electrical equipment, and then adjusting the current based on the data stored in the controller. The protection curve algorithm enables overload and short-circuit protection for the line.

[0004] However, in actual use, due to the wide variety of downstream electrical equipment, the electrical characteristic curves of each piece of equipment vary greatly, and many equipment manufacturers cannot even provide the electrical characteristic curves for their own equipment. This raises the question of selecting the rated current specifications for solid-state power controllers. Since it's impossible to tailor protection curve parameter settings to a specific situation, the usual practice is to set a specified current multiple based on the power supply line specifications. Protection curves. In actual use, due to differences in the instantaneous current characteristics of electrical equipment, false protection and non-protection often occur, requiring technicians to adjust the software and even improve the circuit multiple times. When dealing with complete machines, especially large aircraft, which often have thousands of electrical devices and numerous suppliers, such work becomes enormous, tedious, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides an adaptively adjustable microcontroller, a solid-state power controller, and a protection method, aiming to achieve automatic adjustment of the solid-state power controller. The protection curve parameters and short-circuit protection thresholds are adjusted to better adapt to the electrical load characteristics of downstream equipment, avoiding tedious adjustment and maintenance work, and improving the adaptability and protection efficiency of the entire power distribution system.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A microcontroller for adaptive adjustment of protection curve according to the present invention includes:

[0008] Instruction parsing unit: Used to receive and parse control instructions from the host computer;

[0009] Interface unit: Used for real-time acquisition of load operating current information;

[0010] First storage unit: used to store the load operating current information collected in real time;

[0011] Protection unit: used according to the embedded The protection curve generates a shutdown control command when the load operating current information is overloaded.

[0012] Data analysis and processing unit: used to read historical data of load operating current information stored in the storage unit, preprocess the historical data, fit the power-on curve and steady-state curve based on the processed historical data; and derive the load short-circuit protection parameters and load overload protection parameters based on the power-on curve and steady-state curve.

[0013] The second storage unit is used to store the load short-circuit protection parameters and load overload protection parameters obtained by the data analysis and processing unit.

[0014] Parameter configuration unit: Used to read the overload protection parameters from the second storage unit and adjust accordingly. Protection curve; read the short-circuit protection parameters from the second storage unit and output them;

[0015] Output unit: Used to output control instructions from the instruction parsing unit and Control commands for the protection unit.

[0016] The present invention also provides a solid-state power controller with adaptive protection curve adjustment, comprising the microcontroller described above; and further comprising:

[0017] A current acquisition unit, wherein the input terminal of the current acquisition unit is used to connect to the load distribution bus, and the output terminal of the current acquisition unit is connected to the input terminal of the interface unit of the microcontroller;

[0018] A drive control and protection unit, the drive control and protection unit having a first input terminal, a second input terminal, a third input terminal and an output terminal;

[0019] The drive control and protection unit is connected to the output terminal of the current acquisition unit through the first input terminal to obtain load operating current information;

[0020] The drive control and protection unit is connected to the parameter configuration unit of the microcontroller through the second input terminal to obtain load short-circuit protection parameters;

[0021] The drive control and protection unit is connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller through a third input terminal, and is used to obtain the control commands output by the microcontroller;

[0022] The output terminal of the drive control and protection unit is connected to the input terminal of the power unit, and is used to generate corresponding switching signals according to the received load operating current information, load short circuit protection parameters and control instructions output by the microcontroller.

[0023] The power unit is connected to the output terminal of the drive control and protection unit and is used to control the on / off state of the load power distribution channel according to the corresponding switching signal.

[0024] The present invention also provides a method for short-circuit and overload protection using a solid-state power controller, comprising the following steps:

[0025] Receive and parse control commands from the host computer, and open the load power supply channel;

[0026] Real-time acquisition of load operating current information;

[0027] Store the real-time collected load operating current information;

[0028] Read historical data of load operating current information and preprocess the historical data of load operating current information;

[0029] The power-on curve and steady-state curve are fitted based on the processed historical data of the load operating current; the load short-circuit protection parameters and load overload protection parameters are obtained based on the power-on curve and steady-state curve.

[0030] Store the load short-circuit protection parameters and load overload protection parameters;

[0031] Read the overload protection parameters and adjust accordingly. Protection curve; based on the adjusted The protection curve provides overload protection.

[0032] Read the short-circuit protection parameters and perform short-circuit protection based on the load short-circuit protection parameters.

[0033] Compared with related technologies, the adaptive adjustment microcontroller, solid-state power controller, and protection method provided by this invention achieve at least the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. The microcontroller for adaptive adjustment of the protection curve of this invention stores real-time acquired load operating current information to form historical data through a storage unit; by setting up a data analysis and processing unit, the historical data is analyzed and processed to fit the power-on curve and steady-state curve, thereby obtaining load overload protection parameters and load short-circuit protection parameters. The load short-circuit protection parameters are output, and further adjustments are made based on the obtained load overload protection parameters. Protection curve; the biggest difference between this invention and related technologies is that it can measure the actual electrical characteristic curve of the load and adjust it according to the actual electrical characteristic curve. The protection curve and load short-circuit protection parameters of this invention provide accurate protection compared to related technologies. Furthermore, the microcontroller of this invention not only fits the steady-state curve but also the power-on curve, which can avoid false protection and non-protection caused by the difference in instantaneous current characteristics of electrical equipment.

[0035] 2. The solid-state power controller of the present invention, by employing a microcontroller with adaptive adjustment function for protection curves, in conjunction with a current acquisition unit, drive control and protection unit, and power unit, can automatically adjust the solid-state power controller according to different load characteristics. The protection curve parameters and short-circuit protection thresholds are adjusted to better adapt to the electrical load characteristics of downstream equipment, avoiding tedious adjustment and maintenance work, and improving the adaptability and protection efficiency of the entire power distribution system.

[0036] 3. By setting up a first current acquisition unit and a second current acquisition unit respectively to collect current in zones, the present invention can improve the accuracy of real-time load current acquisition.

[0037] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the technical effects described above at the same time.

[0038] Other features and advantages of the invention will become clear from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0040] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a functional principle diagram of the microcontroller provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the solid-state microcontroller provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3The diagram shown is a flowchart of short-circuit and overload protection using solid-state microcontrollers provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention.

[0044] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the invention or its application or use.

[0045] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0046] In all the examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0047] Various modifications and variations can be made to this invention without departing from its spirit or scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, this invention is intended to cover modifications and variations falling within the scope of the corresponding claims (the claimed technical solutions) and their equivalents. It should be noted that the embodiments provided in this invention can be combined with each other without contradiction.

[0048] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be discussed further in subsequent figures.

[0049] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, the microcontroller μp with adaptive adjustment of protection curve of the present invention includes: an instruction parsing unit for receiving and parsing control instructions from a host computer; an interface unit for real-time acquisition of load operating current information; and a first storage unit for storing the real-time acquired load operating current information. Protection unit: used according to the embedded The protection curve generates a shutdown control command when the load operating current information is overloaded. The data analysis and processing unit reads historical load operating current information stored in the storage unit, preprocesses the historical data, and fits the power-on curve and steady-state curve based on the processed historical data. It then derives load short-circuit protection parameters and load overload protection parameters from the power-on curve and steady-state curve. The second storage unit stores the load short-circuit protection parameters and load overload protection parameters obtained by the data analysis and processing unit. The parameter configuration unit reads the load overload protection parameters from the second storage unit and adjusts the parameters according to the obtained load overload protection parameters. Protection curve; reads short-circuit protection parameters from the second storage unit and outputs them; output unit: used to output control instructions from the instruction parsing unit and Control commands for the protection unit.

[0051] In related technologies, Currently, protection curves and short-circuit protection circuits lack adaptive adjustment capabilities, and... Setting the parameters for the protection curve also presents challenges, specifically: 1. There are numerous devices, and the electrical characteristic curves of each device differ; 2. Manufacturers sometimes cannot provide the electrical characteristic curves for their own equipment. Therefore, the specified current multiple is generally set according to the power supply line specifications. Protection curve.

[0052] Set up in the above manner In actual use, the protection curve may have inaccurate protection, especially due to the difference in the instantaneous current characteristics of electrical equipment, which may lead to false protection or no protection.

[0053] This invention relates to a microcontroller for adaptive adjustment of protection curves. It stores real-time acquired load operating current information in a first storage unit to form historical data. A data analysis and processing unit analyzes and processes the historical data to fit power-on curves and steady-state curves, thereby obtaining load overload protection parameters and load short-circuit protection parameters. The load short-circuit protection parameters are then output, and further adjustments are made based on the obtained load overload protection parameters. Protection curve; the biggest difference from related technologies is that it can measure the actual electrical characteristic curve of the load and adjust according to the actual electrical characteristic curve. The protection curve and load short-circuit protection parameters of this invention provide accurate protection compared to related technologies. Furthermore, the microcontroller of this invention not only fits the steady-state curve but also the power-on curve, which can avoid false protection and non-protection caused by the difference in instantaneous current characteristics of electrical equipment.

[0054] In some embodiments, the load short-circuit protection parameters of the present invention include power-on short-circuit protection threshold parameters and steady-state short-circuit protection threshold parameters. The power-on short-circuit protection threshold is 7-20 times the rated current of the power distribution channel; the steady-state short-circuit protection threshold is 7-12 times the rated current of the power distribution channel.

[0055] In some embodiments, the load overload protection parameters include overload multiple and overload reference current; the overload reference current includes power-on overload reference current and steady-state overload reference current, and the overload multiple includes power-on maximum overload multiple and steady-state maximum overload multiple; the power-on overload reference current is 20%-100% of the rated current of the power distribution channel; the steady-state overload reference current is 20%-100% of the rated current of the power distribution channel; the power-on maximum overload multiple is 7-20; and the steady-state maximum overload multiple is 7-12.

[0056] In some cases, overload protection starts at 1.2 times the overload reference current. The maximum overload factor is used to determine The protection range includes short-circuit currents exceeding the maximum multiple, which are treated as short-circuit protection. The maximum overload multiple upon power-on is 7-20, which refers to a specific value within the range of 7-20. The maximum overload multiple in steady state is 7-12, which refers to a specific value within the range of 7-12.

[0057] The load short-circuit protection parameters and overload protection parameters of this invention are divided into two stages: the power-on stage and the steady-state stage. Precise protection can be achieved by setting the load short-circuit protection parameters and load overload protection parameters in stages. Examples are given below:

[0058] False protection occurs primarily during the power-on phase. Without adaptive protection, if a device experiences a surge current of 30A upon power-up, while the load's steady-state operating current is 1A, the rated current of the power distribution channel is 3A, and the maximum overload multiple of the solid-state power controller is 7, the surge current of 30A exceeds the maximum protection current of the solid-state power controller (3A × 7 = 21A), triggering a trip. However, in reality, the device operates normally without overload or short-circuit faults; therefore, the solid-state power controller is deemed to have malfunctioned.

[0059] If the "microcontroller μp" of this invention is used, in the "curve adaptive setting mode," it reads the historical data stored in the first storage unit and fits the power-on curve and steady-state operating curve based on the historical data. In this case, the microcontroller μp analysis will yield "power-on overload reference current of 3A," "power-on maximum overload protection multiple of 12 times," "power-on short-circuit protection threshold of 36A," "steady-state operating overload reference current of 1.2A," "steady-state operating maximum overload protection multiple of 7 times," and "steady-state operating short-circuit protection threshold of 8.4A." After confirmation, the relevant parameters are stored in the "second storage unit." Then, in the "normal operating mode," the parameter configuration unit automatically loads the above configuration information and executes protection accordingly. As can be seen from the data, this setting can effectively avoid the 30A instantaneous inrush current during the power-on process of the load, while effectively protecting the load circuit during steady-state operation.

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown, the first storage unit and the second storage unit of the present invention can be non-volatile memory U4.

[0061] Please continue to refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of a solid-state power controller based on the aforementioned microcontroller μp. In addition to the microcontroller μp, the solid-state power controller also includes a current acquisition unit, a drive control and protection unit, and a power unit.

[0062] The input terminal of the current acquisition unit is used to connect to the load distribution bus, and the output terminal of the current acquisition unit is connected to the input terminal of the interface unit of the microcontroller μp.

[0063] The drive control and protection unit has a first input terminal, a second input terminal, a third input terminal, and an output terminal. The drive control and protection unit is connected to the output terminal of the current acquisition unit via the first input terminal to acquire load operating current information. The drive control and protection unit is connected to the parameter configuration unit of the microcontroller μp via the second input terminal to acquire load short-circuit protection parameters. The drive control and protection unit is connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller μp via the third input terminal to acquire control commands output by the microcontroller μp. The output terminal of the drive control and protection unit is connected to the input terminal of the power unit to generate corresponding switching signals based on the received load operating current information, load short-circuit protection parameters, and control commands output by the microcontroller μp. The power unit is connected to the output terminal of the drive control and protection unit to control the on / off state of the load power distribution channel based on the corresponding switching signals.

[0064] The solid-state power controller of this invention employs a microcontroller μp with adaptive adjustment of protection curve, in conjunction with a current acquisition unit, drive control and protection unit, and power unit, enabling automatic adjustment of the solid-state power controller according to different load characteristics. The protection curve parameters and short-circuit protection thresholds are adjusted to better adapt to the electrical load characteristics of downstream equipment, avoiding tedious adjustment and maintenance work, and improving the adaptability and protection efficiency of the entire power distribution system.

[0065] In some cases, the current acquisition unit of the present invention includes a first current acquisition unit and a second current acquisition unit, wherein the current acquisition range of the first current acquisition unit is... ~20 times The current acquisition range of the second current acquisition unit is 0~ , The rated current of the power distribution channel is used; the drive control and protection unit is connected to the output terminal of the first current acquisition unit through the first input terminal.

[0066] This invention improves the accuracy of real-time load current acquisition by setting up a first current acquisition unit and a second current acquisition unit to acquire current in zones.

[0067] The interface unit of the microcontroller μp of the present invention includes a first acquisition interface and a second acquisition interface.

[0068] The first current acquisition unit of the present invention includes a shunt R0, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, an operational amplifier G2, a resistor R5, and a resistor R6; the shunt R0 is connected in series in the load distribution bus; the first input terminal of the operational amplifier G1 is connected to the input terminal of the shunt R0 through the resistor R3, and the second input terminal of the operational amplifier G1 is connected to the output terminal of the shunt R0 through the resistor R4; the first input terminal of the operational amplifier G2 is connected to the output of the operational amplifier G1, the second input terminal of the operational amplifier G2 is connected to one end of the resistor R6, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier G2 is simultaneously connected to the other end of the resistor R6, the first input terminal of the drive control and protection unit, and the input terminal of the first acquisition interface of the microcontroller μp; the resistor R5 is connected to the second input terminal of the operational amplifier G2.

[0069] The second current acquisition unit of the present invention includes operational amplifier G3, operational amplifier G4, resistor R7, and resistor R8; the first input terminal of operational amplifier G3 is connected to the input terminal of shunt R0 through resistor R3, and the second input terminal of operational amplifier G3 is connected to the output terminal of shunt R0 through resistor R4; the first input terminal of operational amplifier G4 is connected to the output of operational amplifier G3, the second input terminal of operational amplifier G4 is connected to one end of resistor R8, and the output terminal of operational amplifier G4 is simultaneously connected to the other end of resistor R8 and the input terminal of the first acquisition interface of microcontroller μp; resistor R7 is connected to the second input terminal of operational amplifier G4.

[0070] The operational amplifiers G1 and G3 of the present invention are preferably isolated differential operational amplifiers.

[0071] The first current acquisition unit of this invention acquires the current signal flowing through the shunt R0 through a high-precision operational amplifier G1, then amplifies it through an operational amplifier G2, and sends it to the first acquisition interface of the microcontroller μp interface unit. This channel mainly completes the acquisition of the rated current value of the power distribution channel up to 20 times the rated current value of the power distribution channel, improving the acquisition width of the overload current Io. By adjusting the gain of the operational amplifier G2, the overload current Io (large current) can be precisely adjusted.

[0072] The first current acquisition unit of this invention mainly acquires the current signal flowing through the shunt R0 through a high-precision operational amplifier G3, then amplifies it through an operational amplifier G4, and sends it to the second acquisition interface of the microcontroller μp interface unit. This channel mainly completes 0~ By adjusting the gain of G4, the accuracy of sampling the rated current (small current) can be improved. This is the rated current of the power distribution channel.

[0073] In this invention, the basic components of the first current acquisition unit and the second current acquisition unit are the same, the difference being that the operational amplifiers G2 and G4 have different gains, thereby enabling the detection of different current ranges. The first current acquisition unit is used to detect "large currents" exceeding the rated value; while the second current acquisition unit is used to detect "smaller currents" in actual operation.

[0074] In this invention, the load operating current information collected by the interface unit is a voltage signal representing the magnitude of the load operating current.

[0075] In some embodiments, the drive control and protection unit includes a reference voltage setting unit U3, a comparator C1, a latch U2, a NOT gate U6, and an AND gate U5. The reference voltage setting unit U3 has a latching function, and its input is connected to the data analysis and processing unit via an SPI bus to obtain short-circuit protection parameters. The first input of the comparator C1 is connected to the output of the first current acquisition unit, and the second input of the comparator C1 is connected to the output of the reference voltage setting unit U3. The input of the latch U2 is connected to the output of the comparator C1. The input of the NOT gate U6 is connected to the output of the latch U2. The first input of the AND gate U5 is connected to the output of the NOT gate U6, and the second input of the AND gate U5 is connected to the microcontroller μp output unit. The output of the AND gate U5 is used to output a switching signal for controlling the power unit.

[0076] The drive control and protection unit of the present invention also includes an isolator U1, the input terminal of the isolator U1 is connected to the output terminal of the AND gate U5, and the output terminal of the isolator U1 outputs the switching signal of the power unit.

[0077] In some embodiments, the low power supply of isolator U1 is 3.3V, the high power supply is 12_ISO, GND is the ground corresponding to the low power supply, and ISO_GND is the ground corresponding to the high power supply. The input terminal of isolator U1 is connected to the output terminal of AND gate U5, and the output terminal is connected to the power unit, which is used to drive the power unit to turn on and off.

[0078] In this invention, the microcontroller μp can send short-circuit protection parameters to the reference voltage setting unit U3 via the SPI bus. After this signal is input to the reference voltage setting unit U3 with its own latch, it is input to the comparator C1 to be compared with the overload current information. The comparison result is sent to the latch U2, which in turn inputs it to the logic NOT gate U6. The signal after being logically inverted by the NOT gate U6 is input to the logic AND gate U5. At the same time, the ON / OFF command signal issued by the microcontroller μp is also input to the logic AND gate U5, which together with U1 controls the on and off of the solid-state power control.

[0079] In related technologies, the short-circuit protection threshold of the drive control and protection unit is a fixed voltage value that does not change with the working state of the load. The short-circuit protection threshold during the power-on phase is the same as the short-circuit threshold during steady-state operation, which can lead to over-protection and false protection.

[0080] The input terminal of the reference voltage setting unit U3 of the drive control and protection unit of the present invention is connected to the data analysis and processing unit via an SPI bus to obtain short-circuit protection parameters. Here, the short-circuit protection threshold input to the input terminal of U3 is adapted to the characteristic curve of the load. During the power-on phase, the input terminal of U3 inputs the power-on short-circuit protection threshold; during the steady-state phase, the input terminal of U3 inputs the steady-state short-circuit protection threshold. Therefore, compared with related technologies, the short-circuit protection provided by the drive control and protection unit of the present invention is more accurate and can avoid over-protection and false protection to a certain extent.

[0081] The reference voltage setting unit U3 of the present invention can be implemented by a digital potentiometer or by a digital DAC, such as AD5121, AD5141, AD5310R, AD5311R, etc.

[0082] After the reference voltage setting unit U3 obtains the short-circuit protection parameters transmitted by the microcontroller, it outputs the corresponding power-on short-circuit protection threshold or steady-state short-circuit protection threshold according to the short-circuit protection parameters. The power-on short-circuit protection threshold is a voltage value, representing 7-20 times the rated current of the power distribution channel; the steady-state short-circuit protection threshold is a voltage value, representing 7-12 times the rated current of the power distribution channel.

[0083] In some cases, the solid-state power controller of the present invention further includes a back-end status monitoring unit, the input of which is connected to the output of the shunt R0 for collecting the load distribution bus voltage; the microcontroller μp further includes a second acquisition interface; the output of the back-end status monitoring unit is connected to the input of the second acquisition interface, and the output of the second acquisition interface is used to feed back the load distribution bus voltage to the host computer.

[0084] In some cases, the back-end status monitoring unit includes resistors R1 and R2, operational amplifier G5, and operational amplifier G6; the first input terminal of operational amplifier G5 is connected to the output terminal of shunt R0, and the second input terminal of operational amplifier G5 is grounded through resistor R2; one end of resistor R1 is connected to the first input terminal of operational amplifier G5, and the other end is connected to the second input terminal of operational amplifier G5; the first input terminal of operational amplifier G6 is connected to the output terminal of operational amplifier G5, and the output terminal of operational amplifier G6 is simultaneously connected to the second input terminal of operational amplifier G6 and the input terminal of the second acquisition interface.

[0085] like Figure 2As shown, the power unit of this invention includes field-effect transistors Q1 and Q2, diodes D1 and D2. Field-effect transistors Q1 and Q2 are connected in parallel. Each of the field-effect transistors Q1 and Q2 is connected to the bus via its source and drain, respectively. The gates of both field-effect transistors Q1 and Q2 are connected to the output terminal of U1. The drains of both field-effect transistors Q1 and Q2 are also connected to ISO-GND.

[0086] The back-end status monitoring unit of the present invention is mainly used to obtain the voltage at the back end of the power unit, and this data is used to determine whether the power unit is in the on state or the off state.

[0087] In addition, combined Figure 1 and Figure 2 The instruction parsing unit of the microcontroller μp of this invention can receive control commands such as "on / off" and "reset" via a communication bus such as RS422 or CAN bus. Simultaneously, it can output the on / off status, current and voltage data, self-test information, etc., of the MOSFETs in the downstream power unit detected by the back-end status monitoring unit via the bus.

[0088] Figure 2 The discrete signals in the code are 28V / open circuit or GND / open circuit I / O control signals used for emergency connection / disconnection control. In terms of connection / disconnection control function, it is the same as the communication bus "connection / disconnection" control command; however, discrete "connection / disconnection" is generally used for emergency control when the "communication bus" fails.

[0089] Figure 3 The diagram shows a flowchart of a method for short-circuit and overload protection using a solid-state power controller. Figure 3 As shown, the method for short-circuit and overload protection using a solid-state power controller according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0090] Receive and parse control commands from the host computer, and open the load power supply channel;

[0091] Real-time acquisition of load operating current information;

[0092] Store the real-time collected load operating current information;

[0093] Read historical data of load operating current information and preprocess the historical data of load operating current information;

[0094] The power-on curve and steady-state curve are fitted based on the processed historical data of the load operating current; the load short-circuit protection parameters and load overload protection parameters are obtained based on the power-on curve and steady-state curve.

[0095] Store the load short-circuit protection parameters and load overload protection parameters;

[0096] Read the overload protection parameters and adjust accordingly. Protection curve; based on the adjusted The protection curve provides overload protection.

[0097] Read the short-circuit protection parameters and perform short-circuit protection based on the load short-circuit protection parameters.

[0098] The above describes the core principle of the solid-state power controller's short-circuit and overload protection method of this invention. In practical applications, the microcontroller μp can operate in two modes: a curve adaptive setting mode and a normal operating mode. In the curve adaptive setting mode, the solid-state power controller mainly determines the power characteristics that match the actual load. Protection curves and load short-circuit protection parameters; in normal operating mode, the parameter configuration unit of the microcontroller μp communicates with the reference voltage setting unit U3 to adjust the short-circuit protection parameters; and adjusts the load overload protection parameters accordingly. The protection curve; the signal after comparator C1, based on the adjusted value, is latched by latch U2. Then, the control signal from latch U2 and the ON / OFF signal from microcontroller μp are simultaneously passed through AND gate U5 to control U1, sending on / off signals to the power unit to achieve on / off control of the output current, thereby realizing... Curve adaptive protection. Furthermore, the voltage Vr collected in the load channel can be transmitted to the microcontroller μp via differential G5 and follower G6 for real-time monitoring of its back-end status.

[0099] While specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail by way of examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the examples are for illustrative purposes only and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A microcontroller for adaptive adjustment of protection curves, characterized in that, include: Instruction parsing unit: Used to receive and parse control instructions from the host computer; Interface unit: Used for real-time acquisition of load operating current information; First storage unit: used to store the load operating current information collected in real time; Protection unit: used according to the embedded The protection curve generates a shutdown control command when the load operating current information is overloaded. Data analysis and processing unit: used to read historical data of load operating current information stored in the storage unit, preprocess the historical data, fit the power-on curve and steady-state curve based on the processed historical data; and derive the load short-circuit protection parameters and load overload protection parameters based on the power-on curve and steady-state curve. The second storage unit is used to store the load short-circuit protection parameters and load overload protection parameters obtained by the data analysis and processing unit. Parameter configuration unit: Used to read the overload protection parameters from the second storage unit and adjust accordingly. Protection curve; read the short-circuit protection parameters from the second storage unit and output them; Output unit: Used to output control instructions from the instruction parsing unit and Control commands for the protection unit.

2. The microcontroller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The load short-circuit protection parameters include the power-on short-circuit protection threshold parameters and the steady-state short-circuit protection threshold parameters; The power-on short-circuit protection threshold is 7-20 times the rated current of the power distribution channel; the steady-state short-circuit protection threshold is 7-12 times the rated current of the power distribution channel.

3. The microcontroller according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The load overload protection parameters include overload multiple and overload reference current; the overload reference current includes power-on overload reference current and steady-state overload reference current, and the overload multiple includes power-on maximum overload multiple and steady-state maximum overload multiple; The power-on overload reference current is 20%-100% of the rated current of the power distribution channel; The steady-state overload reference current is 20%-100% of the rated current of the power distribution channel; The maximum overload factor upon power-on is 7-20; The maximum steady-state overload factor is 7-12.

4. A solid-state power controller with adaptive adjustment of protection curve, characterized in that, Includes the microcontroller according to any one of claims 1-3; further includes: A current acquisition unit, wherein the input terminal of the current acquisition unit is used to connect to the load distribution bus, and the output terminal of the current acquisition unit is connected to the input terminal of the interface unit of the microcontroller; A drive control and protection unit, the drive control and protection unit having a first input terminal, a second input terminal, a third input terminal and an output terminal; The drive control and protection unit is connected to the output terminal of the current acquisition unit through the first input terminal to obtain load operating current information; The drive control and protection unit is connected to the parameter configuration unit of the microcontroller through the second input terminal to obtain load short-circuit protection parameters; The drive control and protection unit is connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller through a third input terminal, and is used to obtain the control commands output by the microcontroller; The output terminal of the drive control and protection unit is connected to the input terminal of the power unit, and is used to generate corresponding switching signals according to the received load operating current information, load short circuit protection parameters and control instructions output by the microcontroller. The power unit is connected to the output terminal of the drive control and protection unit and is used to control the on / off state of the load power distribution channel according to the corresponding switching signal.

5. The solid-state power controller according to claim 4, characterized in that, The current acquisition unit includes a first current acquisition unit and a second current acquisition unit, wherein the current acquisition range of the first current acquisition unit is [missing information]. ~20 times The current acquisition range of the second current acquisition unit is 0~ , This is the rated current of the power distribution channel; The drive control and protection unit is connected to the output of the first current acquisition unit through the first input terminal.

6. The solid-state power controller according to claim 5, characterized in that, The interface unit includes a first acquisition interface and a second acquisition interface; The first current acquisition unit includes a shunt R0, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, an operational amplifier G1, an operational amplifier G2, a resistor R5, and a resistor R6. The shunt R0 is connected in series in the load distribution bus; the first input terminal of the operational amplifier G1 is connected to the input terminal of the shunt R0 through resistor R3, and the second input terminal of the operational amplifier G1 is connected to the output terminal of the shunt R0 through resistor R4. The first input terminal of the operational amplifier G2 is connected to the output of the operational amplifier G1, the second input terminal of the operational amplifier G2 is connected to one end of the resistor R6, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier G2 is simultaneously connected to the other end of the resistor R6, the first input terminal of the drive control and protection unit, and the input terminal of the first acquisition interface of the microcontroller. One end of the resistor R5 is connected to the second input terminal of the operational amplifier G2, and the other end is grounded; The second current acquisition unit includes operational amplifier G3, operational amplifier G4, resistor R7, and resistor R8; The first input terminal of the operational amplifier G3 is connected to the input terminal of the shunt R0 through resistor R3, and the second input terminal of the operational amplifier G3 is connected to the output terminal of the shunt R0 through resistor R4. The first input terminal of the operational amplifier G4 is connected to the output of the operational amplifier G3, the second input terminal of the operational amplifier G4 is connected to one end of the resistor R8, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier G4 is simultaneously connected to the other end of the resistor R8 and the input terminal of the first acquisition interface of the microcontroller. One end of the resistor R7 is connected to the second input terminal of the operational amplifier G4, and the other end is grounded.

7. The solid-state power controller according to claim 6, characterized in that, The drive control and protection unit includes a reference voltage setting unit U3, a comparator C1, a latch U2, an NOT gate U6, and an AND gate U5; The reference voltage setting unit U3 has a latching function. The input terminal of the reference voltage setting unit U3 is connected to the data analysis and processing unit via the SPI bus to obtain short-circuit protection parameters. The first input terminal of the comparator C1 is connected to the output terminal of the first current acquisition unit, and the second input terminal of the comparator C1 is connected to the output terminal of the reference voltage setting unit U3. The input terminal of the latch U2 is connected to the output terminal of the comparator C1; The input terminal of the NOT gate U6 is connected to the output terminal of the latch U2; The first input terminal of the AND gate U5 is connected to the output terminal of the NOT gate U6, and the second input terminal of the AND gate U5 is connected to the microcontroller output unit; The output of AND gate U5 is used to output a switching signal for controlling the power unit.

8. The solid-state power controller according to claim 7, characterized in that, The drive control and protection unit also includes an isolator U1, the input of which is connected to the output of an AND gate U5, and the output of the isolator U1 outputs the switching signal of the power unit.

9. The solid-state power controller according to claim 8, characterized in that, The solid-state power controller also includes a back-end status monitoring unit, the input of which is connected to the output of the shunt R0, for collecting the load distribution bus voltage. The microcontroller also includes a second data acquisition interface; The output of the back-end status monitoring unit is connected to the input of the second acquisition interface, and the output of the second acquisition interface is used to feed back the load distribution bus voltage to the host computer.

10. A method for short-circuit and overload protection using a solid-state power controller, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Receive and parse control commands from the host computer, and open the load power supply channel; Real-time acquisition of load operating current information; Store the real-time collected load operating current information; Read historical data of load operating current information and preprocess the historical data of load operating current information; The power-on curve and steady-state curve are fitted based on the processed historical data of the load operating current; the load short-circuit protection parameters and load overload protection parameters are obtained based on the power-on curve and steady-state curve. Store the load short-circuit protection parameters and load overload protection parameters; Read the overload protection parameters and adjust accordingly. Protection curve; based on the adjusted The protection curve provides overload protection. Read the short-circuit protection parameters and perform short-circuit protection based on the load short-circuit protection parameters.

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