A mining method for pod-shaped ore body

Abstract

A mining method for a pod-shaped ore body comprises the following steps: S1: segmenting the pod-shaped ore body so that each segment has a bulging part; S2: determining the lowest point of each bulging part, and digging a skylight from the ground to the lowest point of the bulging part, setting a lifting box in the skylight, and setting a chute at the bottom of the skylight, and the chute is connected to the outer-vein transport lane; S3: during mining, personnel take the skylight to enter the bulging part, and blast the ore body in the bulging part from top to bottom and gradually outward in layers, so that the broken ore falls into the chute, and enters the outer-vein transport lane from the chute; S4: after the ore is mined, backfill the bulging part with fillers through the skylight. The skylight in the present invention is not only a passage for personnel to enter the blasting operation surface, but also a passage for blasting smoke and air to enter and exit, and also a backfill passage for fillers. This mining method has the advantages of small construction volume, low cost-effectiveness, high safety, low backfill cost, low transportation cost, and high mining rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of mining, in particular to a mining method for a pod-shaped ore body. Background Art

[0002] The distribution of ore bodies is diverse, and many ore bodies are not distributed in a typical state. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the distribution state of a certain gold mine is not a typical lens shape, but an inclined pod shape. The pod-shaped ore body 1 is formed by the bulging part 11 and the contracting part 12 connected in an interlaced manner, and the total amount of ore body contained in each bulging part 11 is relatively small. If the existing mining method is used, there are the following disadvantages:

[0003] 1. The existing mining method requires the construction of upper pillars, intermediate pillars, lower pillars, rock drilling tunnels, bottom tunnels and other structures in each bulging part, which requires a huge amount of construction. For pod-shaped ore bodies, the construction volume is not proportional to the ore output, and the cost-effectiveness ratio is very high.

[0004] 2. Existing mining methods mostly adopt the ore retention method. This method of mining ore from bottom to top has poor safety and is prone to cause personal injury and death accidents.

[0005] 3. After mining is completed, existing mining methods will leave a cavity with an opening facing downward, which is difficult and costly to backfill. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the background technology, the present invention discloses a mining method for a pod-shaped ore body, the purpose of which is:

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

[0008] A mining method for a pod-shaped ore body, wherein the pod-shaped ore body is formed by staggered connection of a bulging part and a contracting part, and the mining method comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1: segment the pod-shaped ore body so that each segment has a bulging part;

[0010] S2: Determine the lowest point of each section of the bulging part, and dig a skylight from the ground to the lowest point of the bulging part, set a lifting box in the skylight, and set a chute at the bottom of the skylight, which is connected to the external transport lane;

[0011] S3: During mining, personnel ride in a hanging box to enter the bulging part, and blast the ore body in the bulging part from top to bottom and gradually outward in layers, so that the broken ore falls into the chute and enters the outer transport tunnel from the chute;

[0012] S4: After the ore is mined, fill the bulging part with filler through the skylight.

[0013] To further improve the technical solution, in S3, after the ore body is blasted in layers, anchor rods are used to reinforce the top rock of the bulging part.

[0014] To further improve the technical solution, an extension plate that can be placed on the slope of the ore body is provided at the bottom of the hanging box. When drilling blastholes, workers stand on the extension plate to carry out construction.

[0015] To further improve the technical solution, in S4, slag is first backfilled into the bulging part through the skylight, and when the slag approaches the top of the bulging part, cement slurry is backfilled into the skylight.

[0016] To further improve the technical solution, in S4, the tailings slurry is backfilled into the bulging part through the skylight.

[0017] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The skylight in the present invention is not only a passage for personnel to enter the blasting operation surface, but also a passage for blasting smoke and air to enter and exit, and also a backfilling passage for fillers.

[0019] Compared with the existing mining methods, this mining method has the following advantages:

[0020] 1. This mining method does not require the construction of upper pillars, intermediate pillars, lower pillars, rock drilling tunnels, bottom tunnels and other structures. The construction volume is small and the cost-effectiveness is very low.

[0021] 2. This mining method mostly adopts a top-down mining method, which is highly safe.

[0022] 3. Use patio backfill, which has low backfill cost.

[0023] 4. The ore slides down by its own weight, and the transportation cost is low.

[0024] 5. The mining rate of ore is high. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pod-shaped ore body.

[0026] Figure 2 Shown is a schematic diagram of the segmentation of the pod-shaped ore body.

[0027] Figure 3 It is shown that Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of .

[0028] Figure 4 Shown is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal stratification of the ore body within the bulge.

[0029] Figure 5 Shown is a schematic diagram of the lateral stratification of the ore body within the bulge.

[0030] Figure 6 Shown is a schematic diagram of the blast hole drilling operation on the upper part of the bulging part.

[0031] Figure 7 Shown is a schematic diagram of the blast hole operation for the fan-shaped layer in the longitudinal direction.

[0032] Figure 8 Shown is a schematic diagram of blast hole drilling operation for fan-shaped layers in the horizontal direction.

[0033] Fig. 9 Shown is a schematic diagram of backfilling the bulge.

[0034] In the figure:

[0035] 1. Pod-shaped ore body;

[0036] 11. Bulging part; 12. Contraction part; 13. Fan-shaped layering;

[0037] 2. Patio;

[0038] 3. Hanging box;

[0039] 31. Lifting rope; 32. Extension board;

[0040] 4. Slide well;

[0041] 5. Extravessel transport lane;

[0042] 6. Filling;

[0043] 7. Anchor rod;

[0044] 8. Gun hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "front", "rear", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside" and the like indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. It should also be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or the internal connection of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the distribution state of a certain gold mine is pod-shaped. The pod-shaped ore body 1 is formed by the bulging part 11 and the contraction part 12 connected alternately, and the total amount of ore body contained in each bulging part 11 is relatively small.

[0047] In order to overcome the defects of the background technology, the mining method adopted by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0048] S1: Divide the pod-shaped ore body 1 into sections so that each section has a bulging portion 11.

[0049] Specifically, Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the pod-shaped ore body 1 is divided into sections (shown in the dotted box in the figure) with the contraction parts 12 at both ends of the bulging part 11 as the boundary. Figure 2 In the figure, a section in the middle is taken as an example, the thickness of the ore in the bulging part 11 in the section is 9 meters, and the total length is 29 meters.

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, the lateral width of the ore in the bulging portion 11 of the segment is 37 meters, and the overall shape is lentil-shaped.

[0051] S2: Determine the lowest point of each section of the bulging portion 11, and dig a skylight 2 from the ground to the lowest point of the bulging portion 11, set a lifting box 3 in the skylight 2, and set a chute 4 at the bottom of the skylight 2, which is connected to the external transport lane 5.

[0052] Specifically, Figure 4-5As shown, the lowest point of each section of the bulging part 11 can be obtained during the initial exploration, and the initial exploration hole is expanded and trimmed to obtain a vertical or nearly vertical skylight 2 leading to the lowest point of the bulging part 11. A hanging box 3 is arranged in the skylight 2, and a winch is installed on the ground. The winch can move the hanging box 3 up and down in the skylight 2 through a hanging rope 31. The chute 4 is downwardly inclined and can guide the fallen ore to the outer-vein transport lane 5. There are loaders and mine cars in the outer-vein transport lane 5 to transport the ore to the ground.

[0053] S3: During mining, personnel ride in the hanging box 3 to enter the bulging part 11, and perform layered blasting on the ore body in the bulging part 11 from top to bottom and gradually tilted outward, so that the broken ore falls into the chute 4 and enters the outer-vein transport tunnel 5 from the chute 4.

[0054] Specifically, Figure 4-5 As shown, the ore body in the bulging portion 11 is firstly layered, and each layer is in an inclined fan shape.

[0055] Then, if Figure 6 As shown, the hoisting box 3 is hoisted on the upper part of the bulging part 11 by a winch, and the personnel in the hoisting box 3 perform blasting operations on the ore at that part, and the excavation depth of the blasting hole 8 decreases from top to bottom, so that a funnel-shaped collapse zone can be formed after detonation. The smoke and dust after the blasting are discharged upward through the skylight 2, and the broken ore falls into the chute 4 and enters the outer transport tunnel 5 from the chute 4.

[0056] like Figure 7-8 As shown, the collapsed ore forms an inclined surface, and then the personnel return to the bulging portion 11 through the hanging box 3 and perform a new round of blast hole drilling 8 operation on the inclined surface.

[0057] The connected patio 2, chute 4 and external transport tunnel 5 form a U-shaped ventilation duct. In order to improve the ventilation capacity, a ventilation fan can be installed at the ground outlet of the patio 2. The ventilation fan can extract the smoke and dust after blasting from the patio 2 and can also supply air to the working face through the external transport tunnel 5 and chute 4.

[0058] In order to prevent personnel from slipping, an extension plate 32 that can be placed on the slope of the ore body is provided at the bottom of the hanging box 3. The extension plate 32 can be extended and retracted. When drilling blastholes, personnel stand on the extension plate 32 for construction.

[0059] In order to prevent the top rock from loosening and collapsing, after each layered blasting, the top rock of the bulging portion 11 is reinforced with an anchor rod 7 .

[0060] After several times of layered blasting from top to bottom and gradually tilting outward, each fan-shaped layer 13 is broken one by one from top to bottom, and the broken ore rolls down the inclined surface into the chute 4, and finally enters the outer vein transport tunnel 5 along the chute 4.

[0061] S4: After the ore is mined, the filler 6 is backfilled into the bulging part 11 through the skylight 2.

[0062] After the ore is mined, a cavity will form, which will cause the underlying strata to collapse and cause disasters. In order to prevent collapse, such as Fig. 9 As shown, the tailings slurry can be backfilled into the bulging part 11 through the skylight 2. The tailings slurry is fluid and can fill the bulging part 11. The treatment of tailings slurry is a difficult problem in the mining industry, and pouring the tailings slurry into the mine cave is a good solution. In order to prevent the tailings slurry from polluting the water source, the wall of the bulging part 11 can be treated for seepage prevention before backfilling the tailings slurry.

[0063] For the slag produced after mining, the slag can also be first backfilled into the bulging part 11 through the skylight 2. When the slag is close to the top of the bulging part 11, cement slurry is backfilled into the skylight 2 to fill the bulging part 11 through the fluidity of the cement slurry.

[0064] As can be seen from the above, the skylight 2 in the present invention is not only a passage for personnel to enter the blasting operation surface, but also a passage for blasting smoke and air to enter and exit, and also a backfilling passage for the filler 6.

[0065] Compared with the existing mining methods, this mining method has the following advantages:

[0066] 1. This mining method does not require the construction of upper pillars, intermediate pillars, lower pillars, rock drilling tunnels, bottom tunnels and other structures. The construction volume is small and the cost-effectiveness is very low.

[0067] 2. This mining method mostly adopts a top-down mining method, which is highly safe.

[0068] 3. Use patio backfill, which has low backfill cost.

[0069] 4. The ore slides down by its own weight, and the transportation cost is low.

[0070] 5. The mining rate of ore is high.

[0071] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A mining method for a pod-shaped ore body, wherein the pod-shaped ore body is formed by staggered connection of a bulging part and a contracting part, and is characterized by: The mining method comprises the following steps: S1: segment the pod-shaped ore body so that each segment has a bulging part; S2: Determine the lowest point of each section of the bulging part, and dig a skylight from the ground to the lowest point of the bulging part, set a lifting box in the skylight, and set a chute at the bottom of the skylight, which is connected to the external transport lane; S3: During mining, personnel ride in a hanging box to enter the bulging part, and blast the ore body in the bulging part from top to bottom and gradually outward in layers, so that the broken ore falls into the chute and enters the outer transport tunnel from the chute; S4: After the ore is mined, fill the bulging part with filler through the skylight.

2. The mining method of a pod-shaped ore body according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, after the ore body is blasted in layers, bolts are used to reinforce the top rock of the bulge.

3. The mining method of a pod-shaped ore body according to claim 1, characterized in that: An extension plate that can be placed on the slope of the ore body is provided at the bottom of the hanging box. When drilling blastholes, workers stand on the extension plate to carry out construction.

4. The mining method of a pod-shaped ore body as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, slag is firstly backfilled into the bulging part through the skylight, and when the slag approaches the top of the bulging part, cement slurry is backfilled into the skylight.

5. The mining method of a pod-shaped ore body according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the bulge is backfilled with tailings slurry through the riser.

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