A shield cutter disc mechanism capable of switching between hard rock and soft soil

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of shield tunneling cutterhead technology, specifically a shield tunneling cutterhead mechanism that can switch between hard rock and soft soil, including a cutterhead base; multiple cutter holders are installed on the surface of the cutterhead base; the multiple cutter holders are arranged in a circumferential array on the outer surface of the cutterhead base; if the tunnel face is soft soil, when the cutterhead contacts the soft soil, some soft soil will enter the connection between the cutterhead and the horizontal axis and gradually hug the cutterhead, causing the cutterhead to slow down its rotation speed, and the soil will press against one side of the toothed cutter, causing the toothed cutterhead to rotate at a certain angle and extend to the soft soil side, while the toothed cutterhead on the side of the cutterhead will continue to excavate the soft soil; when the tunnel face continues to be hard rock, under the contact and continued rotation of the cutterhead with the hard rock, the cutterhead will gradually carry out the soil on the side of the horizontal axis, and the toothed cutterhead will gradually return to its initial position, thus enabling the shield tunneling cutterhead base to adaptively switch cutterheads between hard rock and soft soil.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of shield cutterhead, in particular to a shield cutterhead mechanism capable of switching between hard rock and soft soil. BACKGROUND

[0002] A shield tunneling machine is a tunnel boring machine using shield method; the shield tunneling machine has good safety, economy and efficiency, and is widely used in subway, tunnel and underground pipeline construction. The tunneling of the shield tunneling machine relies on the rotation of the cutterhead to cut the sand or rock in front of the machine into pieces.

[0003] The cutter of the shield tunneling machine can be basically divided into tooth cutter and roller cutter, the roller cutter is suitable for breaking rock but has low efficiency in soft soil layer, and the tooth cutter is suitable for soft soil layer but is easy to be excessively worn or broken when encountering hard rock layer.

[0004] In the prior art, the positions of the roller cutter and the tooth cutter on the cutterhead are relatively fixed, both of them contact the excavation surface at the same time, when encountering soft soil layer, the shield tunneling machine cannot be set according to the maximum efficiency of the tooth cutter due to the influence of the roller cutter, when encountering rock layer, the tooth cutter is easy to be excessively worn or broken by long-time contact with the rock surface, the tooth cutter needs to be replaced frequently, and the automatic switching according to the hard rock and soft soil cannot be realized, which affects the engineering progress.

[0005] Therefore, the present application provides a shield cutterhead mechanism capable of switching between hard rock and soft soil. SUMMARY

[0006] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art and solve at least one technical problem proposed in the background.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: A shield cutterhead mechanism capable of switching between hard rock and soft soil, comprising a cutterhead seat; multiple cutter holders are mounted on the surface of the cutterhead seat; the multiple cutter holders are arranged in a circumferential array on the outer surface of the cutterhead seat; multiple toothed cutters and roller cutters are respectively arranged on the surface of the cutter holders; the multiple toothed cutters and roller cutters are spaced apart on the outer surface of the cutter holders; a bearing cavity is formed inside the cutter holder; a horizontal shaft is fixedly connected inside the cutter holder and located within the bearing cavity; the roller cutters are rotatably connected to the outer surface of the horizontal shaft; the height of the roller cutters is greater than the height of the toothed cutters. In the prior art, the positions of the roller cutters and toothed cutters on the cutterhead are relatively fixed, and both contact the excavation face simultaneously. When encountering soft soil layers, due to the influence of the roller cutters, the shield machine cannot be set to the maximum efficiency of the cutters. When encountering rock layers, the cutters are prone to excessive wear or chipping due to prolonged contact with the rock surface, requiring frequent cutter replacement. Automatic adjustment based on hard rock and soft soil strata is not possible. Switching between cutterheads affects project progress. When using this cutterhead holder, as the tunnel boring machine advances and excavates the tunnel face, the cutterheads, being taller than the toothed cutters, will first contact the tunnel face. If the tunnel face is hard rock, the cutterheads on the cutterhead surface will compress the rock. When the axial thrust of the cutterheads on the rock exceeds the rock's strength limit, the rock will break. If the tunnel face is soft soil, some soft soil will enter the connection between the cutterheads and the transverse shaft when the cutterheads contact the soft soil. At the contact point, the cutterhead gradually tightens its grip, slowing its rotation speed. The soil presses against one side of the cutterhead, causing it to rotate at a certain angle and extend to the soft soil side. The cutterhead on the cutterhead side continues to excavate the soft soil. When the tunnel face remains hard rock, the cutterhead continues to rotate in contact with the hard rock, gradually carrying away the soil on the horizontal axis side. The cutterhead gradually returns to its initial position, enabling the shield cutterhead to adaptively switch between hard rock and soft soil, making it relatively convenient to use.

[0008] Preferably, the upper and lower sides of the cutter are fixedly connected with breaking teeth; the shape of the breaking teeth is a cone shape that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom; the cutter holder is provided with a rotating shaft that matches the cutter; during operation, when the tunnel face is soil and the soil enters to one side of the horizontal axis, it squeezes the cutter. When the cutter rotates at a certain angle, the breaking teeth at the top of the cutter will break the soil, which can break the soil quickly and transport it outward as soon as possible through the conveying chamber inside the tunnel boring machine; when the tunnel face is hard rock, the breaking teeth at the bottom of the cutter and the rotation of the roller cutter can quickly carry out and transport the soil on the side of the horizontal axis, which facilitates the cutter to break the rock in hard rock conditions and is beneficial to the excavation of the tunnel face.

[0009] Preferably, a limiting support plate is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the cutter holder; the limiting support plate is located close to one side of the toothed cutter; during operation, the limiting support plate can limit the position of the toothed cutter, thereby facilitating the excavation of soft soil by the toothed cutter and the switching with the roller cutter.

[0010] Preferably, the outer surface of the cutter is equipped with multiple wedge-shaped blocks; the multiple wedge-shaped blocks are irregularly designed on the outer surface of the cutter; during operation, when the working face is hard rock, the rotation of the cutter will simultaneously drive the wedge-shaped blocks on its surface to rotate. During its rotation, the wedge-shaped blocks will quickly break up the soil on one side of the transverse axis and carry it out with the cutter.

[0011] Preferably, a support cavity is fixedly connected inside the cutter holder and on one side of the cutter head; a compression spring is fixedly connected inside the support cavity; and a striking rod is fixedly connected inside the support cavity and on one side of the compression spring; one end of the striking rod is arc-shaped. During operation, when the tunnel face is hard rock, and the cutter head drives the wedge block to rotate, the wedge block will press against one end of the striking rod, compressing the compression spring. When the wedge block separates from the striking rod, the compression spring, which is in a stored state, is released, thereby causing the compression spring to drive the striking rod to impact the hard rock surface, so that the striking rod applies a certain pressure to the hard rock. With the cooperation of the striking rod and the cutter head, the rock can be broken up quickly, which facilitates the use of this tunnel boring machine.

[0012] Preferably, a gravity ball is fixedly connected to the top of the striking rod; the gravity ball has a cavity inside; a pressure ball is disposed inside the gravity ball and located within the cavity; during operation, when the compression spring recovers from its stored state, the striking rod and the gravity ball on its surface impact the hard rock surface, and the pressure ball is disposed inside the gravity ball. At this time, the pressure ball will move irregularly under the impact force, and under the interaction of the pressure ball and the compression spring, the striking rod and the gravity ball will continuously impact the hard rock surface in an irregular state, accelerating the crushing of the hard rock and reducing the pressure on the cutter, thereby improving the service life of the cutter to a certain extent.

[0013] Preferably, a scraper is fixedly connected to the surface of the support cavity seat; the surface of the support cavity seat is provided with a groove adapted to the striking rod; during operation, the scraper is provided so that the dirt adhering to the surface of the striking rod can be removed, thereby facilitating the normal use of the striking rod.

[0014] Preferably, a columnar rod is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the striking rod; one end of the columnar rod is arc-shaped; one end of the columnar rod faces the side of the roller cutter; the length of the columnar rod is less than the length of the striking rod; the columnar rod is provided to facilitate the wedge block pressing against the outer surface of the columnar rod, which in turn facilitates the movement of the striking rod, allowing the striking rod to impact the surface of the hard rock.

[0015] Preferably, a deflection frame is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the striking rod; a rotating shaft adapted to the deflection frame is provided on the surface of the striking rod; a grab bar is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the deflection frame; during operation, a deflection frame is provided on the outer surface of the striking rod, which can support the hard rock and remove the broken hard rock, facilitating the excavation of the working face.

[0016] Preferably, a crossbar is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the support cavity; there are two crossbars, which are symmetrically arranged; a groove is provided on the outer surface of the striking rod; the shape of the groove matches the shape of the crossbar; the crossbar and the groove can limit the vertical movement of the striking rod, thereby facilitating the up and down movement of the striking rod.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0018] 1. The shield cutterhead mechanism of the present invention, which can switch between hard rock and soft soil, allows for the following: If the tunnel face is hard rock, the roller cutters on the surface of the cutterhead will compress the rock. When the axial thrust of the roller cutters on the rock exceeds the rock's own strength limit, the rock will be broken. If the tunnel face is soft soil, when the roller cutters come into contact with the soft soil, some soft soil will enter the connection between the roller cutter and the horizontal axis and gradually hug the roller cutter, causing the roller cutter to rotate at a certain angle and extend to the soft soil side. The toothed cutter on the roller cutter side will continue to excavate the soft soil. When the tunnel face continues to be hard rock, under the contact between the roller cutter and the hard rock, the roller cutter will gradually carry out the soil on the horizontal axis side, and the toothed cutter will gradually return to its initial position. This allows the shield cutterhead to adaptively switch between hard rock and soft soil, making it more convenient to use.

[0019] 2. The shield cutterhead mechanism of the present invention, which can switch between hard rock and soft soil, impacts the hard rock surface through a striking rod and a gravity ball on its surface. A pressure ball is set inside the gravity ball. When the pressure ball is impacted, it moves irregularly. Under the interaction of the pressure ball and the compression spring, the striking rod and the gravity ball will continuously impact the hard rock surface in an irregular state, which accelerates the breaking of hard rock and reduces the pressure on the cutter head, thereby improving the service life of the cutter head to a certain extent.

[0020] 3. The shield cutterhead mechanism of the present invention, which can switch between hard rock and soft soil, allows for rapid crushing of the soil when the tunnel face is soil and the soil enters one side of the horizontal axis, compressing the cutter teeth. When the cutter teeth rotate at a certain angle, the crushing teeth at the top of the cutter teeth crush the soil, enabling rapid crushing and quick transport of the soil outward through the conveying chamber inside the shield machine. When the tunnel face is hard rock, the crushing teeth at the bottom of the cutter teeth and the rotation of the roller cutter can quickly carry out and transport the soil on one side of the horizontal axis, thus facilitating the crusher teeth to break the rock in hard rock conditions and benefiting the excavation of the tunnel face. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a front view of the tool holder and hob of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hobbing cutter and toothed cutter components in this invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal axis and wedge block structure in this invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the tool holder in this invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the striking rod part in this invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the deflection frame structure in this invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the crossbar and slot structure in the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Cutter head holder; 2. Cutter holder; 3. Tooth cutter; 4. Hob; 5. Horizontal shaft; 6. Crushing tooth; 7. Limiting support plate; 8. Wedge block; 9. Support cavity seat; 10. Compression spring; 11. Striking rod; 12. Gravity ball; 13. Pressure ball; 14. Scraper; 15. Column rod; 16. Deflection frame; 17. Grab rod; 18. Crossbar; 19. Slot. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] likeFigures 1 to 3 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, a shield tunneling cutterhead mechanism capable of switching between hard rock and soft soil includes a cutterhead seat 1; a plurality of cutter holders 2 are mounted on the surface of the cutterhead seat 1; the plurality of cutter holders 2 are arranged in a circumferential array on the outer surface of the cutterhead seat 1; a plurality of toothed cutters 3 and hobbing cutters 4 are respectively arranged on the surface of the cutter holders 2; the plurality of toothed cutters 3 and hobbing cutters 4 are spaced apart on the outer surface of the cutter holders 2; a bearing cavity is formed inside the cutter holders 2; a horizontal shaft 5 is fixedly connected inside the cutter holders 2 and located within the bearing cavity; the hobbing cutters 4 rotate... The cutter head 4 is dynamically connected to the outer surface of the horizontal shaft 5; the height of the cutter head 4 is greater than the height of the toothed cutter 3; in the prior art, the positions of the cutter head 4 and the toothed cutter 3 on the cutterhead are relatively fixed, and both contact the excavation face simultaneously. When encountering soft soil layers, due to the influence of the cutter head 4, the tunnel boring machine cannot be set to the maximum efficiency of the toothed cutter 3. When encountering rock layers, the toothed cutter 3 is prone to excessive wear or chipping due to prolonged contact with the rock surface, requiring frequent replacement of the toothed cutter 3. It cannot automatically switch according to the hard rock and soft soil strata, affecting the progress of the project; when using this cutter head 2, on this shield As the tunnel boring machine (TBM) advances and excavates the tunnel face, the cutterhead 1 of the cutterhead 2 will first contact the tunnel face because the height of the roller cutter 4 is greater than that of the toothed cutter 3. If the tunnel face is hard rock, the roller cutter 4 on the surface of the cutterhead 2 will compress the rock. When the axial thrust of the roller cutter 4 on the rock exceeds the rock's own strength limit, the rock will be broken. If the tunnel face is soft soil, when the roller cutter 4 contacts the soft soil, some of the soft soil will enter the connection between the roller cutter 4 and the horizontal shaft 5, and gradually hug the roller cutter 4, causing the roller cutter 4 to rotate at a slower speed, and the soil will resist... Pressed against one side of the toothed cutter 3, the toothed cutter 3 rotates at a certain angle and extends to the soft soil side, while the toothed cutter 3 on the side of the roller cutter 4 continues to excavate the soft soil; when the tunnel face continues to be hard rock, under the contact of the roller cutter 4 with the hard rock and continued rotation, the roller cutter 4 will gradually bring out the soil on the side of the horizontal axis 5, and the toothed cutter 3 will gradually return to its initial position. This achieves the adaptive switching of cutters between hard rock and soft soil by the shield cutterhead 1, which is more convenient to use, has a certain protective effect on the toothed cutter 3 and the roller cutter 4, and improves the service life of the toothed cutter 3 and the roller cutter 4.

[0034] like Figures 3 to 4As shown, the upper and lower sides of the toothed cutter 3 are fixedly connected with breaking teeth 6; the shape of the breaking teeth 6 is a cone shape that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom; the cutter holder 2 is provided with a rotating shaft that is compatible with the toothed cutter 3; during operation, when the face is soil and the soil enters one side of the horizontal axis 5 and squeezes the toothed cutter 3, when the toothed cutter 3 rotates at a certain angle, the breaking teeth 6 at the top of the toothed cutter 3 will break the soil, which can break the soil quickly and transport it outward as soon as possible through the conveying chamber inside the tunnel boring machine; when the face is hard rock, the breaking teeth 6 at the bottom of the toothed cutter 3 and the rotation of the roller cutter 4 can quickly carry out and transport the soil on one side of the horizontal axis 5, which facilitates the toothed cutter 3 to break the rock in the hard rock state and is beneficial to the excavation of the face.

[0035] The outer surface of the cutter holder 2 is fixedly connected to a limiting support plate 7; the limiting support plate 7 is located close to one side of the toothed cutter 3; during operation, the limiting support plate 7 is provided to limit the position of the toothed cutter 3, thereby facilitating the excavation of soft soil by the toothed cutter 3 and the switching with the roller cutter 4.

[0036] Multiple wedge blocks 8 are installed on the outer surface of the cutter 4; the multiple wedge blocks 8 are irregularly designed on the outer surface of the cutter 4; during operation, when the working face is hard rock, the rotation of the cutter 4 will simultaneously drive the wedge blocks 8 on its surface to rotate. During its rotation, the wedge blocks 8 will quickly break up the soil on one side of the transverse axis 5 and carry it out with the cutter 4.

[0037] like Figures 5 to 6 As shown, a support cavity seat 9 is fixedly connected inside the cutter holder 2 and on one side of the cutter head 4; a compression spring 10 is fixedly connected inside the support cavity seat 9; and a striking rod 11 is fixedly connected inside the support cavity seat 9 and on one side of the compression spring 10; one end of the striking rod 11 is arc-shaped. During operation, when the tunnel face is hard rock, and the cutter head 4 drives the wedge block 8 to rotate, the wedge block 8 will press against one end of the striking rod 11, compressing the compression spring 10. When the wedge block 8 separates from the striking rod 11, the compression spring 10, which is in a stored state, recovers, and the compression spring 10 will drive the striking rod 11 to impact the hard rock surface, so that the striking rod 11 applies a certain pressure to the hard rock. With the cooperation of the striking rod 11 and the cutter head 4, the rock can be broken up quickly, which facilitates the use of this tunnel boring machine.

[0038] A gravity ball 12 is fixedly connected to the top of the striking rod 11; a cavity is opened inside the gravity ball 12; a pressure ball 13 is arranged inside the gravity ball 12 and located in the cavity; during operation, when the compression spring 10 recovers from the stored state, the striking rod 11 and the gravity ball 12 on its surface impact the hard rock surface, and the pressure ball 13 is arranged inside the gravity ball 12. At this time, the pressure ball 13 will move irregularly under the impact force. Then, under the interaction of the pressure ball 13 and the compression spring 10, the striking rod 11 and the gravity ball 12 will continuously impact the hard rock surface in an irregular state, which will accelerate the crushing of the hard rock and reduce the pressure on the roller cutter 4, thereby improving the service life of the roller cutter 4 to a certain extent.

[0039] A scraper 14 is fixedly connected to the surface of the support cavity seat 9; a groove adapted to the striking rod 11 is opened on the surface of the support cavity seat 9; during operation, the scraper 14 is provided, which can remove the dirt adhering to the surface of the striking rod 11, thereby facilitating the normal use of the striking rod 11.

[0040] A columnar rod 15 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the striking rod 11; one end of the columnar rod 15 is arc-shaped; one end of the columnar rod 15 faces the side of the roller cutter 4; the length of the columnar rod 15 is less than the length of the striking rod 11; the columnar rod 15 is provided so that the wedge block 8 can press against the outer surface of the columnar rod 15, which in turn facilitates the movement of the striking rod 11, so that the striking rod 11 can impact the surface of the hard rock.

[0041] like Figures 6 to 7 As shown, a deflector frame 16 is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the striking rod 11; a rotating shaft adapted to the deflector frame 16 is provided on the surface of the striking rod 11; a grab bar 17 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the deflector frame 16; during operation, the deflector frame 16 is provided on the outer surface of the striking rod 11, and the deflector frame 16 can provide support for the hard rock, and can remove the broken hard rock, which facilitates the excavation of the working face.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] like Figure 8 As shown in the comparative embodiment one, another embodiment of the present invention is as follows: a crossbar 18 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the support cavity seat 9; there are two crossbars 18, which are symmetrically arranged; a slot 19 is provided on the outer surface of the striking rod 11; the shape of the slot 19 is adapted to the shape of the crossbar 18; the crossbar 18 and the slot 19 are provided to limit the vertical direction of the striking rod 11, thereby facilitating the up and down movement of the striking rod 11.

[0044] During operation, as the tunnel boring machine (TBM) advances and excavates the tunnel face, the cutterhead 1 of the cutterhead 2, being higher than the toothed cutter 3, will initially contact the tunnel face. If the tunnel face is hard rock, the cutterhead 4 on the cutterhead 2 will compress the rock. When the axial thrust of the cutterhead 4 on the rock exceeds the rock's strength limit, the rock will break. If the tunnel face is soft soil, when the cutterhead 4 contacts the soft soil, some of the soft soil will enter the connection between the cutterhead 4 and the transverse shaft 5, gradually enveloping the cutterhead 4. This slows down the rotation speed of the cutterhead 4, and the soil will press against one side of the toothed cutter 3, causing the toothed cutter 3 to rotate at a certain angle and extend to the soft soil side. The toothed cutter 3 on the side of the cutterhead 4 will continue to excavate the soft soil. When the tunnel face remains hard rock, as the cutterhead 4 continues to rotate in contact with the hard rock, the cutterhead 4 will gradually push the toothed cutter 3 against the transverse shaft 5. The soil on one side of axis 5 is brought out, and the toothed cutter 3 gradually returns to its initial position, which enables the shield cutterhead seat 1 to adaptively switch between hard rock and soft soil, making it convenient to use. When the face is soil, and the soil enters one side of the transverse axis 5 and squeezes the toothed cutter 3, when the toothed cutter 3 rotates at a certain angle, the breaking tooth 6 at the top of the toothed cutter 3 will break the soil, which can break the soil quickly and transport it outward as soon as possible through the conveying chamber inside the shield machine. When the face is hard rock, the breaking tooth 6 at the bottom of the toothed cutter 3 and the rotation of the roller cutter 4 can quickly bring out and transport the soil on one side of the transverse axis 5, which makes it easier for the toothed cutter 3 to break the rock in hard rock conditions, which is beneficial to the excavation of the face. A limiting support plate 7 is set to limit the position of the toothed cutter 3, which facilitates the excavation of soft soil by the toothed cutter 3 and the switching with the roller cutter 4.

[0045] When the tunnel face is hard rock, the rotation of the cutter head 4 simultaneously drives the wedge-shaped blocks 8 on its surface to rotate. During this rotation, the wedge-shaped blocks 8 quickly break up the soil on one side of the transverse axis 5 and carry it out with the cutter head 4. When the tunnel face is hard rock, and the cutter head 4 drives the wedge-shaped blocks 8 to rotate, the wedge-shaped blocks 8 press against one end of the striking rod 11, compressing the spring 10. When the wedge-shaped blocks 8 separate from the striking rod 11, the compressed spring 10 recovers, causing the spring 10 to drive the striking rod 11 to impact the hard rock surface, applying pressure to the hard rock. With the cooperation of the striking rod 11 and the cutter head 4, the rock can be broken up quickly, facilitating the use of this tunnel boring machine. When the compressed spring 10 recovers from its compressed state, the striking rod 11 and the gravity ball 12 on its surface impact the hard rock surface, and within the gravity ball 12... A pressure ball 13 is installed, which moves irregularly under impact. The interaction between the pressure ball 13 and the compression spring 10 causes the striking rod 11 and gravity ball 12 to continuously impact the hard rock surface irregularly, accelerating rock breaking and reducing pressure on the cutter 4, thus extending its service life. A scraper 14 is installed to remove soil adhering to the surface of the striking rod 11, facilitating its normal use. A columnar rod 15 is installed, allowing the wedge block 8 to press against its outer surface, facilitating the movement of the striking rod 11 and ensuring it impacts the hard rock surface. A deflector 16 is installed on the outer surface of the striking rod 11, providing support for the hard rock and removing the broken rock, thus facilitating excavation of the working face.

[0046] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0047] It should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0048] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A shield cutter mechanism switchable between hard rock and soft soil, comprising a cutter base (1); characterized in that: The surface of the cutter seat (1) is provided with a plurality of cutter seats (2); a plurality of cutter seats (2) are arranged in a circumferential array on the outer surface of the cutter seat (1); the surface of the cutter seat (2) is respectively provided with a plurality of tooth cutters (3) and hobbing cutters (4); a plurality of tooth cutters (3) and hobbing cutters (4) are arranged in a spaced distribution on the outer surface of the cutter seat (2); the inside of the cutter seat (2) is provided with a bearing cavity; the inside of the cutter seat (2) and in the bearing cavity is fixedly connected with a horizontal shaft (5); the hobbing cutter (4) is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the horizontal shaft (5); the height of the hobbing cutter (4) is greater than the height of the tooth cutter (3); the diameter of the hobbing cutter (4) is greater than the diameter of the horizontal shaft (5); The inside of the cutter seat (2) and on one side of the hobbing cutter (4) is fixedly connected with a support cavity seat (9); the inside of the support cavity seat (9) is fixedly connected with an extrusion spring (10); the inside of the support cavity seat (9) and on one side of the extrusion spring (10) is fixedly connected with a knocking rod (11); one end of the knocking rod (11) is arc-shaped; The top end of the knocking rod (11) is fixedly connected with a gravity ball (12); the inside of the gravity ball (12) is provided with a cavity; the inside of the gravity ball (12) and in the cavity is provided with a pressure ball (13); the materials of the gravity ball (12) and the pressure ball (13) are both stainless steel; the surface of the support cavity seat (9) is fixedly connected with a scraper (14); the surface of the support cavity seat (9) is provided with a groove matched with the knocking rod (11); the middle part of the scraper (14) is circular.

2. A shield cutter disc mechanism switchable between hard rock and soft ground according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper and lower sides of the tooth cutter (3) are fixedly connected with crushing teeth (6); the crushing teeth (6) are tapered with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part; the inside of the cutter seat (2) is provided with a rotating shaft matched with the tooth cutter (3).

3. A shield cutter disc mechanism switchable between hard rock and soft ground according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer surface of the cutter seat (2) is fixedly connected with a limiting support plate (7); the limiting support plate (7) is arranged close to one side of the tooth cutter (3); the width of the limiting support plate (7) is greater than the width of the tooth cutter (3).

4. A shield cutter disc mechanism switchable between hard rock and soft ground according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the hobbing cutter (4) is provided with a plurality of wedge-shaped blocks (8); a plurality of wedge-shaped blocks (8) are irregularly arranged on the outer surface of the hobbing cutter (4); the wedge-shaped blocks (8) are convex on the upper part and wide on the lower part.

5. A shield cutter disc mechanism switchable between hard rock and soft ground according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the knocking rod (11) is fixedly connected with a column-shaped rod (15); one end of the column-shaped rod (15) is arc-shaped; one end of the column-shaped rod (15) faces one side of the hobbing cutter (4); the length of the column-shaped rod (15) is less than the length of the knocking rod (11).

6. A shield cutter disc mechanism switchable between hard rock and soft ground according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the knocking rod (11) is rotatably connected with a deflection frame (16); the surface of the knocking rod (11) is provided with a rotating shaft matched with the deflection frame (16); the bottom end of the deflection frame (16) is fixedly connected with a grabbing rod (17).

7. A shield cutter disc mechanism switchable between hard rock and soft ground according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the support cavity seat (9) is fixedly connected with a horizontal rod (18); the number of the horizontal rod (18) is two, and they are symmetrically arranged; the outer surface of the knocking rod (11) is provided with a clamping groove (19); the shape of the clamping groove (19) is matched with the shape of the horizontal rod (18).

Images