A method for developing a shape-preserving flow state observation device

Abstract

A kind of conformal flow state observation device development method, the method with conformal surface as optical starting point design meets the optical system required, after completing optical and mechanical structure design, conformal optical element is processed, and the actual processing result of conformal optical element is fed back to optical and optical machine system, to optimize modulation optical element and mechanical parts, and while processing remaining parts, the current part processing result is constantly fed back to optical and optical machine system to optimize the remaining optical element and mechanical parts, until processing is completed, in the assembly process, also with conformal optical element as starting point, each part is assembled one by one, and is adjusted online, finally, the actual performance of the device is used to test the development result;The invention puts forward the targeted development method according to the characteristics of small batch and high customization of its service object, fills the gap of the development method of such new observation device and can improve its performance and development success rate.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of the development method of the shape-preserving flow state observation device, and particularly relates to a development method of a shape-preserving flow state observation device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In order to let the fluid to obtain a specific flow state often need to flow channel for targeted design, while the flow state of fluid in the flow channel can also reflect the design results of the flow channel, but in order to know the flow state of fluid in the flow channel must be observed, and the optical observation method can be more comprehensive evaluation of the flow state of fluid, it is usually installed in the middle of the observation device of the measured pipeline, so that it becomes a part of the measured pipeline, when the fluid passes through the observation device can be observed, with high operability, therefore, this method is widely used. Optical observation method is often by the light beam into the optical side window and make it carry the flow state information of fluid after emission is detected by instrument, while the shape preserving flow state observation device can realize the observation of fluid without destroying the shape of flow channel, compared with the traditional optical observation device which destroys the flow channel to adapt to the shape of optical element, can more truly and accurately measure the actual state of fluid. In terms of the existing shape preserving flow state observation device development method, because it mostly adopts the way of embedding optical side window to realize the observation function, although the inner surface of optical side window can be processed to very high precision for the shape preserving of flow channel, but due to the embedding, the installation space of optical side window is closed shape, which makes it difficult to be processed to very high precision, at the same time, in order to facilitate installation, the installation space will be slightly larger than the outer shape size of optical side window, even through careful adjustment, the embedded optical side window can be installed in place, but it is impossible to avoid the gap and local unevenness of the combination surface between the embedded optical side window and its installation space, which will cause the damage to the shape of flow channel, and further introduce error in observation. At the same time, the existing development method will also cause leakage problem in the process of fluid flow because of the gap between optical side window and its installation space, and the existing sealing measures may fail under the conditions of high temperature of fluid, too large pressure difference between the inner and outer side window, and the sealing link is also easy to affect the position accuracy of optical side window, which increases the difficulty of adjustment and weakens the stability of device performance. At the same time, due to the difference between the materials of optical side window and its installed bracket in the existing development method, in order to eliminate the gap between the embedded optical side window and the installation part, the optical side window will be tightly matched with the installation part as much as possible, which will cause thermal stress due to the difference of thermal deformation amount between the two in the process of temperature change, and even cause damage or positioning failure of optical side window due to the too large difference of thermal deformation amount, and the installation process is also easy to introduce installation stress, and further affect the surface shape and position accuracy of optical side window. When observing high speed fluid, large pressure difference will be generated between the inner and outer flow channel, and the device developed by the existing development method will also cause stress concentration problem at the installation place of traditional optical side window due to the difference of structure and material properties, which will cause uncontrollable deformation of traditional optical side window, and further introduce observation error.At the same time, the existing manufacturing method of the conformal observation device concentrates the modulation of the light path on the embedded optical side window. In order to eliminate the gap and seal as much as possible, the embedded optical side window can only be installed in its installation space once, and cannot be adjusted in time. This not only reduces the tolerance of the existing conformal flow pattern observation device to component processing errors, but also makes it impossible to adjust the position of the optical element according to the actual influence of the working condition on the optical system during operation, thereby weakening the adaptability of the device to the environment. Therefore, the above problems limit the application of the existing conformal flow pattern observation device development method, and become an important obstacle on the road of high-performance flow channel development. As for the conformal flow pattern observation device, because it needs to be conformal, each observation device can only be applied to a specific occasion that matches it even one-to-one, so that the device is likely to be developed in small batches or even individually, and therefore has obvious customization properties. SUMMARY

[0003] In order to overcome the problems of existing conformal flow pattern observation device development methods, such as damage to the flow channel shape, difficulty in sealing the device, installation and thermal stress of the device, pressure difference, deformation of the optical side window, and unadjustable position of the optical element, the present application provides a development method for a conformal flow pattern observation device that can achieve complete conformality of the flow channel, does not require sealing of the flow channel, has stress isolation function, uniform thermal deformation of the material, and can adjust the pressure, and the position of the optical element can be adjusted. Compared with the existing development method, the device has improved performance and development success rate, and is suitable for the development of new conformal flow pattern observation devices with small batch manufacturing and high customization characteristics.

[0004] The present application is implemented by using the following technical solutions:

[0005] A conformal flow pattern observation device development method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Starting with conformal surfaces, complete the optical system design based on observation requirements, focusing on the manufacturability and adaptability of conformal optical elements, while also taking into account the ease of installation of other components, and distributing the optical performance required for observation among multiple optical elements. Since the shape of the conformal surface is determined by the inner surface shape of the pipe being measured and cannot be modified, it must be completely unchanged and input into the optical system. Therefore, the conformal surface is taken as the starting point of the optical design. At the same time, since the conformal surface needs to form an integrated conformal optical element to serve as the flow channel for the measured fluid, the conformal optical element plays the role of both an optical element and a flow channel. Considering the difficulty of processing optical materials as pipes, the machinability and adaptability of the conformal optical element should be emphasized in the optical system design process. In addition, as an optical element, the positional accuracy requirement of the conformal optical element relative to other optical elements is also high. Therefore, the convenience of installing other components should also be taken into account. That is, the material selection and outer surface shape of the conformal optical element should be targeted, while its optical function should be appropriately weakened. However, after weakening the optical function of the conformal optical element, it is necessary to add a modulation optical element to achieve the optical performance required for observation. At the same time, by distributing the optical performance among multiple optical elements, the processing risk can be reduced and the degree of freedom of adjustment can be provided.

[0007] Step Two: Based on the optical system design results, complete the structural design of each optical element and mechanical part. Convert the conformal optical surface in the optical system into a conformal optical element made of a single material. Construct the required conformal flow observation device in the optomechanical structure design, and perform calculations and simulation analysis on the design results. The conformal optical element made of a single material can solve the problems of unavoidable damage to the flow channel morphology, sealing difficulties, and easy generation of installation and thermal stress that are inherent in existing conformal observation devices that rely on embedded optical side windows. Furthermore, through calculation and simulation analysis, we can understand in advance the environmental adaptability and manufacturability of the entire conformal flow observation device and each of its components, thereby verifying the rationality of the optical system and optomechanical structure design.

[0008] Step 3: Fabricate the conformal optical element according to the optomechanical structure design results. The fabrication process may require multiple iterations.

[0009] Step four, precision detection is performed on the finished conformal optical element, and through multiple iterations of detection and processing, the error of the conformal optical element is controlled within a reasonable range, and the detection results are fed back to the optical system, so that the actual processing of the conformal optical element and the detection results are used as the basis for optimizing and improving the modulation optical element of the optical system, and the optical-mechanical structure design is optimized and improved accordingly. Since the conformal optical element is composed of an integrated optical material and the conformal surface is closed, it is difficult to process, so it is difficult to process it to a very high precision, even through repeated iterations, it can only be controlled within an acceptable range, which is determined by its own characteristics, so the actual processing results need to be fed back to the optical system to optimize and improve the modulation optical element, and the optical-mechanical structure design also needs to be adjusted accordingly.

[0010] Step five, the optimized and improved modulation optical element and mechanical parts are processed and precision detected. Since the modulation optical element is a conventional optical element with mature technology, it can be processed to a very high precision, thereby weakening the optical effect of the conformal optical element by dispersing the required optical performance of observation in multiple optical elements, and improving the processability of the conformal optical element and the convenience of installing related parts.

[0011] Step six, the finished and detected parts that meet the requirements are assembled and adjusted to obtain the required conformal flow state observation device.

[0012] Step seven, the performance of the assembled conformal flow state observation device is detected and further adjusted until it reaches the target performance, i.e., the observation requirements of the fluid flow state.

[0013] Further, in the optical system design process, the design parameters are artificially controlled to make the modulation optical element and the conformal optical element not in direct contact, thereby avoiding the transmission of temperature and deformation, and further maintaining the shape and position accuracy of each optical element. The separation of optical elements also allows real-time optimization of device performance by adjusting the position of the optical elements.

[0014] Further, in the optical-mechanical structure design, a stress isolation structure is designed according to the properties and tolerance range of the conformal optical element and the properties of the mechanical parts, so that the conformal optical element is constrained in the installation space through the stress isolation structure, without being connected to the mechanical parts by any mechanical connection means. The properties of the conformal optical element and the mechanical parts mainly include the elastic modulus of the material and the structure shape, etc.; and the mechanical connection means includes local stress connection such as bolt connection to minimize the stress deformation of the conformal optical element during installation and operation; the design of the stress isolation structure mainly focuses on the structure shape, stiffness, position, etc.

[0015] Further, in the optical-mechanical structure design, a temperature compensation structure is added according to the material properties and the outer shape and size of the structure part of the shape-preserving optical element and the constraint shape-preserving optical element, to compensate for the different thermal deformation amounts of the parts, so as to avoid the influence of the shape and position precision of the optical element caused by the thermal stress when the temperature of the working environment changes, and even the damage result.

[0016] Further, after the modulation optical element and the optical-mechanical structure design of the optical system are optimized and improved based on the actual processing and detection results of the shape-preserving optical element, the modulation optical element and the mechanical parts are processed one by one or in groups, and after the processing of the current optical element and the mechanical part is completed, the detection results are fed back to the optical and optical-mechanical system to optimize and improve the optical element and the mechanical part that have not been processed. The processing, detection, optimization of the remaining parts and other processes are iterated continuously until the processing of all optical elements and mechanical parts is completed, so as to improve the development success rate and optical performance of the entire observation device in a dynamic optimization manner.

[0017] Further, in the assembly process, the shape-preserving optical element is taken as the starting point of assembly, and the parts are assembled in the order from near to far, and online detection and adjustment are performed during the assembly process. The order from near to far can ensure the assembly precision of the core part of the shape-preserving optical element, and the elements farther away are assembled later, which is also more convenient for adjustment; online assembly and adjustment can improve the assembly precision of the device and timely and accurately find possible problems.

[0018] Further, by calculating the pressure of the fluid in the shape-preserving optical element under extreme working conditions, a sealing environment that can match the shape-preserving optical element is created outside the shape-preserving optical element, and appropriate sealing methods and sealing elements are selected, and at the same time, appropriate pressure adjusting devices are selected according to the required pressure adjusting range, to balance the internal and external pressure difference of the shape-preserving optical element during work, and reduce its deformation.

[0019] Further, in the optical system design process, a proper number of modulation optical elements are selected as adjustable optical elements, and the sensitivity of the movement of the adjustable optical elements to the performance of the optical system is reduced, and at the same time, a fine adjustment mechanism is designed in the optical-mechanical structure design process to facilitate the movement of the above adjustable optical elements. The adjustable optical elements can be moved as far away from the shape-preserving optical element as possible to obtain a larger adjustment space, and the sensitivity of the movement of the adjustable optical elements to the performance of the optical system can make the adjustment device easier to operate and obtain better adjustment effect, and the setting of the adjustment mechanism needs to consider the installation space, the movement amount and the adjustment resolution and other factors. By setting the movable adjustment optical element, the optical performance of the device can be improved in real time during the assembly and working process.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0021] A conformal flow state observation device development method, the method takes the conformal surface as the optical starting point to design the required optical system; and according to the optical system design, the optical and mechanical structure design is carried out; after completing the optical and mechanical structure design, the conformal optical element is processed, and the actual processing result of the conformal optical element is fed back to the optical and optical and mechanical system, so that the modulation optical element and the mechanical part are optimized; and while processing the remaining parts, the processing results of each part are fed back to the optical and optical and mechanical system to optimize and improve the remaining optical elements and mechanical parts until the processing is completed; in the assembly process, the conformal optical element is also taken as the starting point, each part is assembled one by one, and online adjustment is carried out; finally, the actual performance of the device is tested to verify the development result. The present application can overcome the problems of the existing conformal flow state observation device development method, such as damage to the flow channel shape, difficulty in sealing the device, easy installation and thermal stress of the device, and pressure difference, which causes the optical side window to deform and the optical side window to be unadjustable. The problems such as position can be solved; and the flow channel is integrated and completely conformal, does not need to be sealed, has stress isolation function, the material is consistent, the thermal deformation is uniform, the pressure can be adjusted, the position of the optical element can be adjusted, and the performance and development success rate of the device can be improved compared with the existing development method. It is especially suitable for new conformal flow state observation devices with small batch and high customization characteristics, and fills the gap of the development method of such new conformal flow state observation devices. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is the schematic diagram of the optical system of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 It is the schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the conformal flow state observation device in the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 It is the schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the device under the connection of the optical support and the adapter in the present application;

[0025] Figure 4 It is the schematic diagram of the appearance structure of the conformal flow state observation device in the present application;

[0026] Figure 5 It is the schematic diagram of the conformal optical element structure in the present application;

[0027] Figure 6 It is the schematic diagram of the adapter structure in the present application.

[0028] Legend: 1: adapter, 2: optical support, 3: fastener, 4: flow channel, 5: sealing element, 6: conformal optical element, 7: modulation optical element, 8: gasket, 9: stress isolation structure, 10: pressure adjustment device; 11: fine adjustment mechanism.

[0029] The objectives, functional features and advantages of the present application will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the protection scope of the present application.

[0031] It should be noted that all the directionality indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present application are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement condition, etc. between the components in a certain posture (as shown in the drawings). If the certain posture changes, the directionality indications also change accordingly.

[0032] In addition, the descriptions such as “first”, “second” and the like in the present application are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with “first”, “second” can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of “plurality” is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0033] In the present application, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, the terms “connection”, “fixation” and the like should be understood broadly, for example, “fixation” can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral; can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection, or physical connection, or wireless communication connection; can be direct connection, or indirect connection through intermediate medium, or internal connection of two elements, or interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise specifically defined. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0034] In addition, the technical solutions of each embodiment of the present application can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that the combination of technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art. When the combination of technical solutions appears contradictory or unachievable, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present application.

[0035] In order to clearly show the principles and working processes of the present application, the present embodiment gives a more typical implementation scheme, but the following cases cannot represent all the schemes of the present application.

[0036] The novel conformal fluid dynamics observation device targeted by this invention has significant advantages such as customization and small-batch manufacturing, and can be developed using the following methods:

[0037] Step 1: Using conformal surfaces as the starting point for optical design, complete the optical system design based on observation requirements. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the optical system can be designed as a focalless system, meaning that even when no medium flows through the observation device, parallel light entering the optical system will still exit as parallel light. Therefore, when the fluid being measured flows through the observation device and affects the propagation of the light, the outgoing light will carry the fluid's flow state information. The desired result can be obtained through analysis, calculation, and comparison. During the design process, the manufacturability and adaptability to operating conditions of the conformal optical element 6 should be emphasized, while also considering the ease of installation of other components, and distributing the required optical performance across multiple optical elements. Because the shape of the conformal surface, as the flow channel 4, is determined by the test object and cannot be modified, it must be completely input into the optical system, for example... Figure 1 and Figure 5 The circular cross-section pipe shown in the figure requires the conformal surface to be used as the starting point for optical design.

[0038] Meanwhile, since the conformal surface needs to form an integrated conformal optical element 6 to create a flow channel 4 for the measured fluid, the conformal optical element 6 simultaneously functions as a lens and a conduit. Considering the difficulty of processing optical materials as conduits, the machinability and adaptability to operating conditions of the conformal optical element 6 should be emphasized during the optical system design process. Furthermore, as an optical element, the conformal optical element 6 requires high positional accuracy relative to other optical elements; therefore, the ease of installation of other components must also be considered. This means that the selection of materials and the shape of the outer surface of the conformal optical element 6 should be specifically tailored to its characteristics. Figure 5 The outer surface of the conformal optical element 6 is designed to be circular or flat to facilitate processing and installation of other components. Therefore, the optical performance of the conformal optical element 6 can be appropriately weakened. However, to achieve the observation function, it is necessary to add a modulation optical element 7 to enhance the optical performance of the observation device. Distributing the optical performance across multiple optical elements can also reduce processing risks and provide adjustment freedom, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 The modulation optical element 7 shown is shown.

[0039] Step 2: Based on the optical system design results, complete the structural design of each optical element and mechanical part, convert the conformal optical surface in the optical system into a conformal optical element 6 made of a single material, and build the required conformal flow state observation device in the optomechanical structure design. For example... Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 3As shown, the designed parts also include the modulation optical element 7, the optical support 2, the adapter 1, etc., and fasteners 3 and sealing elements 5 are also selected, and the design results are calculated and simulated, which can be achieved by importing the three-dimensional drawing into the simulation analysis software. The conformal optical element 6 of the integral material designed by the development method can solve the problems of the inevitable destruction of the flow channel 4 form, sealing difficulty and easy installation and thermal stress of the existing conformal flow state observation device with an embedded optical side window. Through calculation and simulation analysis, the environmental adaptability and processability of the entire conformal flow state observation device and each element thereof can be known in advance to verify the rationality of the optical system design and the optical-mechanical structure design.

[0040] Step three, according to the structure design results of the conformal optical element 6, the conformal optical element 6 is processed, and the processing process may need to be iterated multiple times. Figure 5 As shown in the conformal optical element 6, the optical material should be selected according to the physical and chemical properties of the fluid to be measured and the measured environmental pressure, temperature and other factors. Common optical materials include inorganic glass, organic glass and optical crystals, etc. Different materials require different processing methods, but it is difficult to process the closed pipeline inside to the required shape accuracy and surface roughness. Except for organic glass and a few crystals which can be turned, the rest can only be ground, and it is difficult to process in one time, so multiple iterations are required. The outer surface of the conformal optical element 6 is not limited by space, so it can be processed flexibly, and the processing difficulty is relatively low.

[0041] Step four, the precision of the processed conformal optical element 6 is detected by an interferometer or a high-precision profiler, mainly the shape and position accuracy of the inner and outer surfaces. Through multiple iterations of detection and processing, the error of the conformal optical element 6 is controlled within a reasonable range, and the detection results are fed back to the optical system in the form of, for example, Zernike polynomials after surface fitting, so as to optimize and improve the modulation optical element 7 of the optical system based on the actual processing and detection results of the conformal optical element 6, and the corresponding optimization and improvement of the optical-mechanical structure such as the optical support 2. Since the conformal optical element 6 is made of an integral optical material and the conformal surface is a closed surface, it is often difficult to process, so it is difficult to process it to a high accuracy. Even through repeated iterations, it can only be controlled within an acceptable range, and the acceptable range means that the shape and position error of the conformal optical element 6 can be overcome by optimizing and improving the modulation optical element 7, and finally the optical system has the required optical performance. It is difficult to process the conformal optical element 6 itself, so the actual processing results need to be fed back to the optical system for adjustment, and the optical-mechanical structure design also needs to be adjusted accordingly.

[0042] Step five, machining and precision detection of the improved modulation optical element 7 and the mechanical parts such as the optical support 2. Since the modulation optical element 7 is a conventional optical element, its process is mature, and thus it can be machined to the design precision, thereby weakening the optical effect of the conformal optical element 6 through the above-mentioned way of dispersing the optical performance required for observation in multiple optical elements, and improving the machinability and environmental adaptability of the conformal optical element 6.

[0043] Step six, assembling the conformal optical element 6, the modulation optical element 7, the optical support 2, and the adapter 1 and other parts that have been machined and detected and meet the requirements, to obtain a new conformal flow state observation device as shown in Figure 2 、 Figure 3 .

[0044] Step seven, performance detection of the assembled conformal flow state observation device, such as measuring the wavefront error of the entire device by an interferometer, thereby comprehensively evaluating the optical performance of the observation device. If the performance does not meet the requirements, the problem can be found through analysis. If the optical element is not in the correct position, the modulation optical element 7 can be adjusted by the fine adjustment mechanism 11 until the entire observation device meets the design performance, i.e., the observation requirements of the fluid flow state.

[0045] In the process of optical system design, the design parameters are controlled artificially so that the modulation optical element 7 and the conformal optical element 6 do not directly contact each other. As shown in Figure 1 , a certain gap is left between the modulation optical element 7 and the conformal optical element 6, thereby greatly reducing the influence of the extreme temperature of the measured fluid on the modulation optical element 7 due to heat transfer, and maintaining the shape and position accuracy of the modulation optical element 7. This also allows the natural deformation of the conformal optical element 6 to be unaffected by the modulation optical element 7. The separation of the optical elements also makes it possible to optimize the performance of the device by adjusting the position of the optical elements, such as moving the modulation optical element 7 by the fine adjustment mechanism 11, to overcome the shape and position errors caused by machining and working environment and to improve the optical performance of the observation device in time.

[0046] As shown in Figure 6 , the stress isolation structure 9 is designed in the light-mechanical structure design process according to the properties and tolerance range of the conformal optical element 6 and in combination with the properties of the mechanical parts, such as Figure 6The structure shown in the figure is subjected to local stiffness weakening treatment on the adapter 1, so that the conformal optical element 6 is constrained in the mounting space of the adapter 1 itself or the optical support 2 itself or the adapter 1 and the optical support 2 together by the stress isolation structure 9, without being connected to mechanical parts by any mechanical connection means. The properties of the conformal optical element 6 and the mechanical parts mainly include the elastic modulus of the material and the structural shape, etc., and the mechanical connection means includes local stress connection such as bolt connection, etc., so as to reduce the stress deformation of the conformal optical element 6 as much as possible during installation and operation. The design content of the stress isolation structure 9 mainly focuses on the structural shape, stiffness, position, etc., and the modulation optical element 7 can also be installed by similar stress isolation means, and the stress isolation structure 9 can also be installed as an independent part.

[0047] When designing the optical-mechanical structure, temperature compensation structures are added according to the material properties and external dimensions of the conformal optical element 6 and the structure for constraining the conformal optical element 6. For example Figure 6 The gasket 8 shown in the figure is used to Figure 3 The radial thermal deformation is taken as an example, that is, the sum of the radial thermal deformations of the adapter 1 and the optical support 2 is equal to the sum of the radial thermal deformations of the conformal optical element 6 and the gasket 8, and the axial thermal deformation is the same. For the modulation optical element 7, similar thermal compensation structures can also be added to compensate for the different thermal deformation amounts of each part. Thus, when the working temperature environment changes, thermal stress is generated, which affects the shape and position accuracy of the optical element, and even causes damage. The gasket 8 can also have a certain elasticity to absorb the stress caused by the deformation or processing error of the related elements. The gasket 8 can also have both of the above properties.

[0048] After the modulation optical element 7 and the optical-mechanical structure of the optical system are optimized and improved based on the actual processing and detection results of the conformal optical element 6, the modulation optical element 7 and the mechanical parts such as the optical support 2 are processed one by one or in groups, and after the processing of the current optical element and mechanical parts is completed, the detection results are fed back to the optical and optical-mechanical system to optimize and improve the optical elements and mechanical parts that have not been processed. The continuous iteration of the processes of processing, detection, optimization of remaining parts, etc. is carried out until the processing of all optical elements and mechanical parts is completed, and the dynamic optimization method is used to improve the development success rate and optical performance of the entire observation device.

[0049] In the assembly process, the conformal optical element 6 is taken as the assembly starting point, and each component is assembled in the order from near to far. For example, when there are multiple modulation optical elements 7, the modulation optical element 7 closer to the conformal optical element 6 and the corresponding optical support 2 should be installed first, and online detection and adjustment are performed during the assembly process. The order from near to far can ensure the assembly accuracy of the core element conformal optical element 6, and the later assembly of the elements farther away also facilitates adjustment. Online assembly and adjustment, that is, simultaneous measurement and assembly and adjustment of the entire device through the measurement light path built, can improve the assembly accuracy of the device and accurately and timely find possible problems.

[0050] Generally, the designer can master the theoretical state of the fluid to be measured through calculation simulation and the like, and then create a sealing environment outside the conformal optical element 6 that can match the pressure inside the conformal optical element 6 under the theoretical limit working condition. Matching means that the sealing condition can at least achieve the pressure environment, but generally a certain safety factor needs to be set, and appropriate sealing method and sealing element 5 are selected. At the same time, appropriate pressure adjusting device 10 is selected according to the required pressure adjustment range, so as to balance the internal and external pressure difference of the conformal optical element 6 during work, and reduce its deformation. If necessary, the modulation optical element 7 can also be pressure balanced.

[0051] In the optical design process, an appropriate number of modulation optical elements 7 are selected as adjustable optical elements, and the sensitivity of the influence of the movement of the adjustable optical elements on the performance of the optical system is reduced, and at the same time, a fine adjustment mechanism 11 for moving the modulation optical element 7 is designed in the optical and mechanical structure design process. For example Figure 3 The threaded fine adjustment mechanism shown, the fine adjustment mechanism 11 can be multidirectional, so as to be able to adjust the modulation optical element 7 in multiple directions including radial and axial directions, and the adjustable optical element can obtain a larger adjustment space by being as far away from the conformal optical element 6 as possible, and the sensitivity of the influence of the movement of the adjustable optical element on the performance of the optical system can make the adjustment device easier to be controlled and obtain better adjustment effect. At the same time, the installation space, movement amount, and adjustment resolution and other factors need to be considered in the setting of the adjustment mechanism, and by setting the movable adjustable optical element, the optical performance of the device can be improved in time during the assembly and work process.

[0052] The above development method can be summarized as optical system design, optical and mechanical structure design and performance analysis, component processing and detection, whole machine adjustment and whole machine performance detection and the like. But in view of the characteristics of the new conformal flow state observation device served by the development method, most of the links are obviously different from the existing development methods, for example, strictly taking the conformal optical element 6 as the center, according to the actual needs of the conformal optical element 6 which is difficult to process but needs to participate in optical imaging, the modulation optical element 7 is added in the design process to weaken its optical function and make its shape more flexible to enhance its processability, and the processing and detection results are repeatedly fed back to the optical and optical and mechanical structure design to realize dynamic iteration optimization.

[0053] In summary, the method takes the conformal surface as the starting point of optical design to design the required optical system; and according to the optical system design, the optical and mechanical structure design is carried out; after completing the optical and mechanical structure design, the conformal optical element 6 is processed, and the actual processing and detection results of the conformal optical element 6 are fed back to the optical and mechanical system to optimize and improve the modulation optical element 7 and the mechanical parts; and while processing the remaining parts, the processing and detection results of each part are continuously fed back to the optical and mechanical system for optimization and improvement of the remaining optical elements and mechanical parts until the processing is completed; in the assembly process, the conformal optical element 6 is also taken as the starting point, and each part is assembled one by one, and online adjustment is carried out during the assembly process; finally, the actual performance of the device is detected to verify the development result. The present application can overcome the problems of the existing conformal flow state observation device development method, such as the destruction of the flow channel 4 shape, the difficulty of sealing the device, the easy installation and thermal stress of the device, and the pressure difference, which causes the deformation of the embedded optical side window and the unadjustable position of the optical side window; and realizes the integration of the flow channel 4, the complete conformal, the sealing of the flow channel 4, the stress isolation function, the uniform thermal deformation of the same material, the pressure adjustment, the adjustable position of the optical element, and the improvement of the performance and the development success rate of the device compared with the existing development method, especially suitable for the new conformal flow state observation device with small batch and high customization characteristics, and fills the gap of the development method of such new conformal flow state observation device.

[0054] By the above development method, the conformal flow state observation device as shown in FIG. 1 can be developed. Figures 2-4The shown new shape flow state observation device. The integrated shape optical element 6 is used as the pipeline of fluid flow, and the modulation optical element 7 is installed on the radial two sides of the shape optical element 6 through the optical support 2 to form the required optical function of observation, and the adapter 1 is used to realize the installation connection of the observation device and the external pipeline, and the adapter 1 itself or the installation space formed by the adapter 1 and the optical support 2 together on the axial two sides will constrain the shape optical element 6 in the correct installation position, and the sealing element 5 is distributed at the joint of each component to form the sealing space required for pressure adjustment, and the pressure adjustment device 10 is connected with the sealing space, and the stress isolation structure 9 on the adapter 1 and the optical support 2 is used to eliminate the negative stress of the optical element.

[0055] A typical working process of the above-mentioned new shape flow state observation device is as follows: after the device is installed on the pipeline to be measured through the adapter 1, the light source and the receiver and other equipment are erected in place, then the fluid is introduced into the pipeline according to the working state, and flows through the shape observation device, after the fluid flow is stable, the light source and the receiving equipment are started, and the pressure adjustment device 10 is started to make the internal and external pressure of the shape optical element 6 equal, and finally the observation of the fluid flow state is carried out. Since the light rays incident from and emitted from the modulation optical element 7 carry the flow state information of the fluid, the actual flow state of the fluid can be detected by receiving and analyzing the emitted light rays.

[0056] Through the further description of the development results above, the ideas and innovation points of the present application can be more fully and detailedly displayed. It should be particularly pointed out that the drawings are only used to describe the ideas of the present application, and have no effect on limiting the development method and development results of the present application.

[0057] The above-mentioned is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment. Any technical scheme belonging to the ideas of the present application shall belong to the protection scope of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary skilled in the art, some improvements and decorations without departing from the principles of the present application shall also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for developing a conformal flow regime observation device, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step one: taking the conformal surface as the starting point of optical design, completing the optical system design according to the observation requirement, focusing on the machinability and working condition adaptability of the conformal optical element, and considering the convenience of component installation, and dispersing the optical performance required by observation in multiple optical elements; Step two: completing the structure design of each optical element and each mechanical component according to the optical system design result, converting the conformal optical surface in the optical system into a conformal optical element of integral material, making the conformal optical element form a complete flow channel and realize the integration of the flow channel, building the required conformal flow state observation device in the optical and mechanical structure design, and performing calculation and simulation analysis on the design result; Step three: processing the conformal optical element according to the structure design result of the conformal optical element; Step four: detecting the precision of the processed conformal optical element, feeding back the detection result to the optical system, and optimizing and improving the modulation optical element of the optical system according to the actual processing and detection result of the conformal optical element, and optimizing and improving the optical and mechanical structure design accordingly; Step five: processing and precision detecting the modulation optical element and the mechanical component after optimization and improvement; Step six: assembling and adjusting each component after processing and detection and meeting the requirements to obtain the required conformal flow state observation device; Step seven: detecting the performance of the assembled conformal flow state observation device and further adjusting until it reaches the target performance, i.e. the observation requirement of the fluid flow state.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: In the optical system design process, the design parameters are artificially controlled so that the modulation optical element and the conformal optical element do not directly contact.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: When designing the optical and mechanical structure, a stress isolation structure is designed according to the properties and tolerance range of the conformal optical element and the properties of the mechanical components, so that the conformal optical element is constrained in the installation space through the stress isolation structure without being connected to other components through any mechanical connection means.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein: When designing the optical and mechanical structure, a temperature compensation structure is added according to the material properties and external dimensions of the conformal optical element and the structure for constraining the conformal optical element to compensate for the different thermal deformation amounts of each component.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein: After optimizing and improving the modulation optical element and the optical and mechanical structure design of the optical system according to the actual processing and detection result of the conformal optical element, the modulation optical element and the mechanical component are processed one by one or in groups, and the detection result is fed back to the optical and optical and mechanical system after the processing of the current optical element and mechanical component to optimize and improve the optical element and mechanical component that have not been processed. The process of processing, detection and optimization of the remaining elements is iterated continuously until the processing of all optical elements and mechanical components is completed.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein: In the assembly process, the conformal optical element is taken as the starting point of assembly, and each component is assembled in the order from near to far, and online detection and adjustment are performed during the assembly process.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: providing a plurality of the devices; and providing a plurality of the devices in a kit. By calculating the pressure of the fluid in the conformal optical element under the extreme working condition, a sealing environment that can match the conformal optical element is created outside the conformal optical element, and appropriate sealing methods and sealing elements are selected, and appropriate pressure adjusting devices are selected according to the required pressure adjusting range to balance the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the conformal optical element.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein: In the optical system design process, proper number of modulation optical elements are selected as adjustable optical elements, and sensitivity of the movement of the adjustable optical elements to the performance of the optical system is reduced, and meanwhile, a fine adjustment mechanism for moving the adjustable optical elements is designed in the optical and mechanical structure design process.

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