Dynamic installation file method and apparatus, computer apparatus, and readable storage medium

Abstract

The application provides a dynamic installation file method and device, a computer device and a readable storage medium. The dynamic installation file method comprises the following steps: in response to an installation request, a target module matched with the installation request is acquired; a packing logic of a software installation file is modified according to the target module, and a preset module in the software installation file is added or deleted; a target software installation file is generated; and the target software installation file is installed to a target client.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of computer, in particular, to a dynamic installation file method, a dynamic installation file device, a computer device and a readable storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the prior art, when a project is released or delivered, only one version of the same product can be delivered; if there are differences in the functional requirements of customers or demanders, in order to avoid data leakage, different delivery branches or multiple different configuration files can be used to solve the problem. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to at least solve one of the problems in the prior art or related art.

[0004] To this end, the first aspect of the present application provides a dynamic installation file method.

[0005] The second aspect of the present application provides a dynamic installation file device.

[0006] The third aspect of the present application provides a computer device.

[0007] The fourth aspect of the present application provides a readable storage medium.

[0008] Therefore, according to the first aspect of the present application, a dynamic installation file method is provided, which comprises: in response to an installation request, obtaining a target module matched with the installation request; modifying the packaging logic of a software installation file according to the target module, adding or deleting a preset module in the software installation file, generating a target software installation file; and installing the target software installation file to a target client.

[0009] The dynamic installation file method provided by the present application specifically comprises: in response to an installation request issued by a user, analyzing the installation request, obtaining a target module in the software matched with the installation request; further, modifying the packaging logic of a software installation file according to the target module, dynamically adding or deleting a preset module in the software installation file, and further generating a target software installation file, so that the target software installation file only contains the target module required by the user. Further, the target software installation file is installed to a target client, that is, the installation of the software installation file is completed. Thus, when a software is released or delivered, the same product can be delivered with different installation files according to different functional requirements of customers or demanders, thereby improving the satisfaction of customers.

[0010] The dynamic installation file method provided by the application determines the target module required by the user according to the installation request of the user, and then modifies the packaging logic of the software installation file according to the target module, so that the target software installation file generated only includes the target module, thereby on the one hand, through the dynamic addition / deletion of the preset module in the packaging process, it can effectively ensure that sensitive information will not be leaked, and the modules not included in the user installation request can be automatically deleted, thereby reducing the possibility of data leakage and protecting the intellectual property rights of the software developer; on the other hand, the modules included in the user installation request can be automatically added, and the efficiency of software release is also improved. The software developer only needs to focus on creating a complete function product, and the customer can purchase the target module according to the needs, and the developer does not need to specially maintain many different release scripts and software versions, thereby saving the maintenance cost.

[0011] The dynamic installation file method according to the application can have the following technical features:

[0012] In the above technical solution, before the step of obtaining the target module matched with the installation request in response to the installation request, the method further comprises: establishing a plurality of relatively independent preset modules according to a plurality of data packets in the software installation file.

[0013] In the technical solution, before the step of obtaining the target module matched with the installation request in response to the installation request, the method further comprises: since the plurality of data packets in the software installation file have a mutual dependency relationship, the mutual dependency relationship between the plurality of data packets needs to be decoupled, thereby establishing a plurality of mutually independent preset modules, thereby achieving the technical effect that the user can select a single preset module for installation according to the needs.

[0014] In any of the above technical solutions, the step of installing the target software installation file to the target client specifically comprises: automatically registering the target module in the target software installation file to the target client.

[0015] In the technical solution, the step of installing the target software installation file to the target client specifically comprises: the target module can be automatically registered to the target client, and in the related art, the installation of the software usually needs the user to register the software installation file by himself, and the target module in the application can be automatically registered to the target client, thereby realizing the intelligentization and improving the installation efficiency of the software.

[0016] In any of the above technical solutions, the step of automatically registering the target module in the target software installation file to the target client comprises: searching for a preset module not in the target software installation file in the target client; based on the searched preset module not in the target software installation file, adding the preset module to the target software installation file for automatic registration; and based on the searched preset module not in the target software installation file, the target software installation file is automatically registered.

[0017] In the technical solution, the step of automatically registering the target module in the target software installation file to the target client comprises: searching for a preset module not in the target software installation file in the target client when the target software installation file is running; that is, the target module in the target software installation file automatically searches for other modules in the preset module when running. If the searched preset module not in the target software installation file is found, it indicates that the other modules in the preset module except the target module already exist in the target client, and the module is added to the target software file and registered, thereby realizing normal upgrade without awareness and realizing dynamic installation of software when running. If the other modules in the preset module are not searched, the target module is automatically registered, thereby enabling the user to normally use the subscribed function, and automatic error reporting is not performed when the software is installed.

[0018] According to a second aspect of the application, a dynamic installation file device is provided, comprising: an acquisition module configured to acquire a target module matched with an installation request in response to the installation request; a modification module configured to modify a packaging logic of a software installation file according to the target module, and to add or delete a preset module in the software installation file to generate a target software installation file; and an installation module configured to install the target software installation file to a target client.

[0019] The dynamic installation file device provided by the application mainly comprises an acquisition module, a modification module, and an installation module. In the process of dynamic installation of the file, the acquisition module is configured to analyze an issued installation request in response to the installation request issued by a user, and to acquire a target module in the software matched with the installation request; further, the modification module is configured to modify a packaging logic of a software installation file according to the target module, and to dynamically add or delete a preset module in the software installation file to generate a target software installation file, so that the target software installation file only includes the target module required by the user. Further, the installation module installs the target software installation file to the target client, that is, the installation of the software installation file is completed. Therefore, when the software is released or delivered, different installation files can be delivered according to different requirements of the client or demand side on the function, thereby improving the satisfaction of the client.

[0020] The dynamic installation file device provided by the application first acquires the target module required by the user according to the installation request of the user, and then modifies the packing logic of the software installation file according to the target module, so that the target software installation file only includes the target module, thereby on the one hand, the sensitive information cannot be leaked by dynamically adding / deleting the preset module in the packing process, the module not included in the user installation request can be automatically deleted, the possibility of data leakage is reduced, and the intellectual property right of the software developer is protected; on the other hand, the module included in the user installation request can be automatically added, and the efficiency of software release is improved. The software developer only needs to focus on creating a complete function product, and the customer can purchase the target module according to the need, and the developer does not need to specially maintain many different release scripts and software versions, thereby saving the maintenance cost.

[0021] According to the dynamic installation file device provided by the application, the following technical features can be further provided.

[0022] In the above technical solution, the dynamic installation file device further comprises an establishing module configured to establish a plurality of relatively independent preset modules according to the plurality of data packets in the software installation file.

[0023] In the technical solution, the dynamic installation file device further comprises an establishing module, which decouples a plurality of data packets having a mutual dependency relationship in the software installation file before the acquiring module acquires the target module matched with the installation request, so as to establish a plurality of relatively independent preset modules, wherein the target module is included in the preset module, thereby realizing the technical effect that the user can select a single preset module for installation according to the need.

[0024] In any of the above technical solutions, the installation module comprises an automatic registration module configured to automatically register the target module in the target software installation file to the target client.

[0025] In the technical solution, the installation of the target software installation file to the target client by the installation module further comprises the automatic registration of the target module to the target client by the automatic registration module. In the related art, the installation of the software needs the user to register the software installation file by himself, and the automatic registration of the target module to the target client by the automatic registration module in the application can realize the intelligentization and improve the installation efficiency of the software.

[0026] In any of the above technical solutions, the installation module further comprises: a search module, configured to search for a preset module not in the target software installation file in the target client; and a processing module, configured to add the preset module not in the target software installation file to the target software installation file for automatic registration based on the search result; and the target software installation file is automatically registered based on the search result of the preset module not in the target software installation file.

[0027] In the technical solution, the installation module further comprises: a search module and a processing module. The search module is configured to search for a preset module not in the target software installation file in the target client, that is, to search for other modules not in the target software installation file in the target client. If the preset module not in the target software installation file is searched, it indicates that other modules except the target module in the preset module exist in the target client. The processing module is configured to add the module to the target software installation file. Further, the automatic registration module is configured to automatically register the modules in the target software installation file to the target client, so as to realize normal upgrade without awareness and realize dynamic installation of software at runtime. If other modules in the preset module are not searched, the target module is automatically registered by the automatic registration module, so that the user can normally use the subscribed function, and the software installation does not automatically report an error.

[0028] According to a third aspect of the present application, a computer device is provided, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor implements the steps of the dynamic installation file method according to any of the above aspects when executing the computer program.

[0029] The computer device provided by the present application can implement the technical effects of the dynamic installation file method, and details are not repeated.

[0030] According to a fourth aspect of the present application, a readable storage medium is provided, and the readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is executable on a processor to implement the steps of the dynamic installation file method according to any of the above aspects.

[0031] The readable storage medium provided by the present application can implement the technical effects of the dynamic installation file method, and details are not repeated.

[0032] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the following description part, or can be understood by practicing the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description, taken in conjunction with the following drawings of which:

[0034] Figure 1 A flow diagram of a dynamic installation file method of one embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0035] Figure 2 A flow diagram of a dynamic installation file method of another embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic block diagram of a dynamic installation file device of one embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0037] Figure 4 A schematic block diagram of an installation module in a dynamic installation file device of one embodiment of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0039] In the following description, a large number of specific details are set forth in order to facilitate a thorough understanding of the present application, however, the present application can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and therefore, the scope of protection of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0040] Embodiments of the first aspect of the present application propose a dynamic installation file method, Figure 1 A flow diagram of a dynamic installation file method of one embodiment of the present application is shown. The method comprises:

[0041] Step 102: In response to the installation request, obtaining a target module matched with the installation request;

[0042] Step 104: According to the target module, modifying the packaging logic of the software installation file, adding or deleting the preset module in the software installation file, and generating a target software installation file;

[0043] Step 106: Installing the target software installation file to the target client.

[0044] The application provides a dynamic installation file method, and the application is suitable for all software developed by using an object-oriented interpreted computer program design language (Python). When the software is released or delivered, an installation package needs to be made, and the application breaks the fixed thinking of the industry on the Python program, and generates the installation package of the Python in a brand-new way. Specifically, the application comprises the following steps: in response to an installation request of a user, the installation request is analyzed, and a target module in the software matched with the installation request is acquired; further, the packaging logic of the software installation file is modified according to the target module, the preset module in the software installation file can be dynamically added or deleted, and then the target software installation file is generated, so that the target software installation file only includes the target module required by the user. Further, the target software installation file is installed to a target client, and the installation of the software installation file is completed. Therefore, when the software is released or delivered, the same product can be delivered with different installation files according to different requirements of the functions of the customers or demanders, and the satisfaction of the customers is improved.

[0045] The dynamic installation file method provided by the application is suitable for all software developed by using the Python language. According to the installation request of the user, the target module required by the user is determined, and then the packaging logic of the software installation file is modified according to the target module, so that the target software installation file only includes the target module, thereby on one hand, the sensitive information cannot be leaked by dynamically adding or deleting the preset module in the packaging process, the modules not included in the installation request of the user can be automatically deleted, the possibility of data leakage is reduced, and the intellectual property right of the software developer is protected, and on the other hand, the modules included in the installation request of the user can be automatically added, and the efficiency of the software release is improved. The software developer only needs to focus on creating a complete function product, and the customer can purchase the target module according to the requirement, and the developer does not need to specially maintain many different release scripts and software versions, and the maintenance cost is saved.

[0046] Further, before the step of acquiring the target module matched with the installation request in response to the installation request, the method further comprises the following steps of:

[0047] A plurality of relatively independent preset modules are established according to the plurality of data packets in the software installation file.

[0048] In the embodiment, before the step of acquiring the target module matched with the installation request in response to the installation request, the method further comprises the following steps of: because the plurality of data packets in the software installation file have a mutual dependency relationship, the mutual dependency relationship between the plurality of data packets needs to be decoupled, so as to establish a plurality of independent preset modules, and the technical effect that the user can select a single preset module for installation according to the requirement is achieved.

[0049] Further, the step of installing the target software installation file to the target client specifically comprises:

[0050] Automatically registering the target module in the target software installation file to the target client.

[0051] In this embodiment, the step of installing the target software installation file to the target client specifically comprises that the target module can be automatically registered to the target client. In the related art, the installation of software needs the user to register the software installation file by himself, while in the present application, the target module can be automatically registered to the target client, thereby realizing intelligentization and improving the installation efficiency of software.

[0052] Figure 2 A flowchart of a dynamic installation file method of another embodiment of the present application is shown. Before the step of automatically registering the target module in the target software installation file to the target client, the step specifically comprises:

[0053] Step 202: searching for the preset module not in the target software installation file in the target client;

[0054] Step 204: based on the searched preset module not in the target software installation file, adding it to the target software installation file for automatic registration;

[0055] Step 206: based on the searched preset module not in the target software installation file, the target software installation file is automatically registered.

[0056] In this embodiment, before the step of automatically registering the target module in the target software installation file to the target client, the step specifically comprises searching for the preset module not in the target software installation file in the target client when the target software installation file is running. When the target module in the target software installation file is running, it will automatically search for other modules in the preset module. If the preset module not in the target software installation file is searched, it means that in the target client, there are other modules in the preset module except the target module, then the module is added to the target software file and registered, thereby realizing normal upgrade without sensing and realizing the dynamic installation of software during running. If the other modules in the preset module are not searched, the target module is automatically registered, thereby enabling the user to normally use the subscribed function, and the automatic error report during software installation is avoided.

[0057] The dynamic installation file method provided by the application is suitable for all software developed by using Python language. The dynamic installation file method provided by the application breaks the traditional release mode of Python and brings a brand-new thinking. Meanwhile, the dynamic installation file method promotes the software architecture developed by using Python language to evolve in a more reasonable direction. Because of the architecture confusion, the product with layering error cannot use the application.

[0058] Specifically, firstly, the mutual dependency between packages in the software installation file is decoupled, so as to form preset modules independent of each other. The preset modules can be loaded in two ways of active registration and passive detection. Specifically, after one of the preset modules is installed to the target client, automatic registration can be performed, and manual registration of the target client by the user is no longer needed. When the preset module installed to the target client performs a task, the required preset module can be searched and automatically installed.

[0059] Further, the target module required by the user is determined. The package logic of the program is modified according to the target module, and when the software is released or delivered, the package module, i.e., the preset module, of the product is dynamically added or deleted. Thus, the target software installation file required by the user is generated. Meanwhile, the sensitive information is effectively prevented from being leaked, and the intellectual property right of the software developer is protected.

[0060] Further, the target software installation file is installed to the target client. Specifically, the target module in the target software installation file searches the target client when being installed, to check whether the preset module not located in the target software installation file exists in the target client. If the preset module exists, the preset module is added to the target software installation file and automatically registered, so that the normal upgrade without awareness is realized. If the preset module does not exist, the target module in the target software installation file is automatically registered, so that the user can normally use the subscribed function.

[0061] One specific embodiment of the application is as follows:

[0062] Suppose that a product developed by using Python language of the company includes three main modules, A / B / C, and two optional modules, DO / EO. Customer A is a purchased customer, and the product function purchased by the customer A involves A / B / C / DO. Customer B is a newly purchased customer, and the product function purchased by the customer B involves B / EO.

[0063] The specific installation process is to provide two sets of compiled user profile files to meet the needs of the two customers:

[0064] Profile-A (Client A): first, copy A / B / C modules, and add module DO to the compilation path. The compilation output is packaged into a file; the packaged file automatically searches for package information at runtime, and dynamically registers the four modules A / B / C / DO;

[0065] Profile-B (Client B): first, copy A / B / C modules, and delete A / C modules to prevent source code leakage; further, add module EO to the compilation path. The compilation output is packaged into a file; the packaged file automatically searches for package information at runtime, and dynamically registers the two modules B / EO.

[0066] Embodiments of the second aspect of the application provide a dynamic installation file device, Figure 3 A schematic block diagram of a dynamic installation file device 30 of an embodiment of the application is shown. The dynamic installation file device 30 includes:

[0067] The acquisition module 302 is configured to acquire a target module matched with the installation request in response to the installation request.

[0068] The modification module 304 is configured to modify the packaging logic of the software installation file according to the target module, and add or delete a preset module in the software installation file to generate a target software installation file.

[0069] The installation module 306 is configured to install the target software installation file to a target client.

[0070] The dynamic installation file device 30 provided by the application mainly includes the acquisition module 302, the modification module 304, and the installation module 306. In the process of dynamically installing the file, the acquisition module 302 is configured to analyze the installation request issued by a user, and acquire a target module in the software matched with the installation request in response to the installation request. Further, the modification module 304 is configured to modify the packaging logic of the software installation file according to the target module, and dynamically add or delete a preset module in the software installation file to generate a target software installation file, so that the target software installation file only includes the target module required by the user. Further, the installation module 306 installs the target software installation file to a target client, that is, the installation of the software installation file is completed. Thus, when the software is released or delivered, different installation files can be delivered according to different requirements of clients or demanders for functions, thereby improving the satisfaction of the clients.

[0071] The dynamic installation file device 30 provided by the application firstly acquires the target module required by the user according to the installation request of the user by the acquiring module 302, and then modifies the packaging logic of the software installation file according to the target module by the modifying module 304, so that the target software installation file generated only includes the target module, thereby on the one hand, the sensitive information cannot be leaked by dynamically adding / deleting the preset module in the packaging process, the module not included in the user installation request can be automatically deleted, the possibility of data leakage is reduced, and the intellectual property right of the software developer is protected, on the other hand, the module included in the user installation request can be automatically added, and the efficiency of software release is improved. The software developer only needs to focus on creating a complete function product, and the customer can purchase the target module according to the need, and the developer does not need to specially maintain many different release scripts and software versions, thereby saving the maintenance cost.

[0072] Further, the dynamic installation file device 30 further comprises an establishing module 308, configured to establish a plurality of relatively independent preset modules according to a plurality of data packets in the software installation file.

[0073] In the embodiment, the dynamic installation file device 30 further comprises the establishing module 308, before the acquiring module acquires the target module matched with the installation request, the establishing module 308 decouples a plurality of data packets in the software installation file which have a mutual dependency relationship, thereby establishing a plurality of relatively independent preset modules, wherein the target module is included in the preset module, thereby realizing the technical effect that the user can select a single preset module for installation according to the need.

[0074] Further, Figure 4 A schematic block diagram of the installation module 306 in the dynamic installation file device 30 of one embodiment of the application is shown, wherein the installation module 306 comprises:

[0075] The automatic registration module 3062 is configured to automatically register the target module in the target software installation file to the target client.

[0076] In the embodiment, the installation of the target software installation file to the target client by the installation module 306 further comprises that the automatic registration of the target module to the target client by the automatic registration module 3062. In the related art, the installation of the software needs the user to register the software installation file by himself, and the automatic registration of the target module to the target client by the automatic registration module 3062 in the application can realize the intelligentization and improve the installation efficiency of the software.

[0077] Further, the installation module 306 further comprises:

[0078] The searching module 3064 is configured to search for the preset module not in the target software installation file in the target client.

[0079] The processing module 3066 is configured to add the preset module not in the target software installation file to the target software installation file for automatic registration based on the searching result that the preset module not in the target software installation file is searched.

[0080] In this embodiment, the installation module 306 further includes the searching module 3064 and the processing module 3066. The searching module 3064 is configured to search for the preset module not in the target software installation file in the target client, that is, to search for other modules not in the target software installation file in the target client. If the preset module not in the target software installation file is searched, it indicates that other modules except the target module in the preset module exist in the target client. Then, the processing module 3066 is configured to add the module to the target software installation file. Further, the automatic registration module 3062 is configured to automatically register the modules in the target software installation file to the target client, so as to realize normal upgrade without awareness and realize dynamic installation of software at runtime. If no other module in the preset module is searched, the target module is automatically registered by the automatic registration module 3062, so that the user can normally use the subscribed function, and no automatic error occurs during software installation.

[0081] An embodiment of the third aspect of the present application provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor implements the steps of the dynamic installation file method according to any one of the above embodiments when executing the computer program. The computer device provided by the present application can realize the technical effects of the dynamic installation file method, and details are not described herein again.

[0082] An embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present application provides a readable storage medium, and the readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is executable on a processor to implement the steps of the dynamic installation file method according to any one of the above embodiments. The readable storage medium provided by the present application can realize the technical effects of the dynamic installation file method, and details are not described herein again.

[0083] In the description of the present specification, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited; the terms "connection", "installation", "fixation" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, "connection" can be fixed connection, can also be detachable connection, or integrally connected; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0084] In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "a specific embodiment" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0085] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of dynamically installing files, characterized by, The application relates to a dynamic installation file device and method. Decoupling the mutual dependency between multiple data packets in a software installation file, establishing multiple preset modules which are relatively independent and can be selected as needed; In response to an installation request, a target module matched with the installation request is obtained; According to the target module, the packaging logic of the software installation file is modified, preset modules in the software installation file are added or deleted, and a target software installation file is generated; The target module in the target software installation file is automatically registered to a target client; Before the step of automatically registering the target module in the target software installation file to the target client, the following step is included: When the target software installation file is running, the target client is searched for a preset module not in the target software installation file; When the target module in the target software installation file is running, other modules in the preset module are automatically searched; Based on the search result that the preset module not in the target software installation file is found, it is determined that the target client already has other modules in the preset module except the target module, and the preset module is added to the target software installation file for automatic registration; Based on the search result that the preset module not in the target software installation file is not found, the target module in the target software installation file is automatically registered.

2. A dynamic installation file apparatus, characterized by, The dynamic installation file device is used for implementing the steps of the dynamic installation file method in claim 1, and comprises: An obtaining module is used for obtaining a target module matched with an installation request in response to the installation request; A modifying module is used for modifying the packaging logic of a software installation file according to the target module, adding or deleting preset modules in the software installation file, and generating a target software installation file; An installation module is used for installing the target software installation file to a target client; An establishing module is used for decoupling the mutual dependency between multiple data packets in a software installation file, and establishing multiple preset modules which are relatively independent and can be selected as needed; An automatic registration module is used for automatically registering the target module in the target software installation file to the target client; A searching module is used for searching, when the target software installation file is running, the target client for a preset module not in the target software installation file; the target module in the target software installation file is running, and other modules in the preset module are automatically searched; A processing module is used for, based on the search result that the preset module not in the target software installation file is found, determining that the target client already has other modules in the preset module except the target module, and adding the preset module to the target software installation file for automatic registration; Based on the search result that the preset module not in the target software installation file is not found, the target module in the target software installation file is automatically registered.

3. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the dynamic installation file method in claim 1.

4. A readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that, The computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the dynamic installation file method as claimed in claim 1.

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