Expanding tool mechanism and spindle

Abstract

This invention relates to a tool release / broaching mechanism and a spindle, belonging to the field of CNC machining equipment technology, and aims to solve the problem of high manufacturing costs in tool release / broaching mechanisms. The tool release / broaching mechanism includes: a shaft core with a sliding hole along its radial direction; a pull rod assembly slidably disposed within the shaft core in a first direction, the pull rod assembly including a sliding column extending from the sliding hole and capable of sliding within the sliding hole; and an elastic component disposed on the outer circumference of the shaft core; wherein, pushing the sliding column towards the elastic component allows the pull rod assembly to slide to the tool release position, at which point the elastic component is compressed, generating a restoring force; under the action of the restoring force, the pull rod assembly can slide away from the elastic component to the tool broaching position. This invention, by setting a sliding column and a sliding hole, utilizes the sliding fit between the sliding column and the sliding hole to achieve the tool release / broaching function of the pull rod assembly, thus allowing the elastic component to be fitted onto the outer circumference of the shaft core. This saves on the manufacturing costs of the tool release / broaching mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of CNC machining equipment technology, and particularly to a tool release / broaching mechanism and a spindle. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the spindle is one of the core components of machine tools such as CNC machining centers. The spindle includes a tool release and broaching mechanism, which is used to change tools. The tool release and broaching mechanism is equipped with an elastic component, and the tool release and broaching function is realized by the restoring force of the elastic component.

[0003] However, in the prior art, a mounting cavity is specially set between the shaft and the pull rod to install the elastic component (see Chinese Patent: CN111299621A). This results in a large length-to-diameter ratio of the pull rod and a complex internal structure of the shaft, which increases the difficulty of machining the pull rod and the shaft, leading to a high manufacturing cost for the pull rod release mechanism.

[0004] In other words, the existing pull-out mechanism has the problem of high processing and manufacturing costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a broaching mechanism and a spindle to solve the problem of high processing and manufacturing costs of broaching mechanisms.

[0006] This invention provides a cutter release mechanism, comprising: a shaft core with a sliding hole formed therein in a radial direction; a pull rod assembly slidably disposed within the shaft core in a first direction, the pull rod assembly including a sliding column extending from the sliding hole and capable of sliding within the sliding hole; and an elastic component disposed on the outer periphery of the shaft core; wherein, pushing the sliding column towards the direction close to the elastic component enables the pull rod assembly to slide to the cutter release position, at which time the elastic component is compressed to generate a restoring force; under the action of the restoring force, the pull rod assembly can slide away from the elastic component to the cutter release position.

[0007] In one embodiment, a limiting structure is provided on the shaft core, with the limiting structure spaced apart from the sliding hole, and the elastic component is confined between the limiting structure and the sliding post. In this embodiment, the limiting structure prevents the elastic component from sliding forward on the shaft core. This ensures that when the pull rod assembly slides to the tool release position, the elastic component is compressed to generate a restoring force. Furthermore, this restoring force ensures that the pull rod assembly slides in the opposite direction to the tool release position, thus ensuring the tool release mechanism's tool release function is realized.

[0008] In one embodiment, multiple sliding holes are formed on the outer periphery of the shaft core, and the pull rod assembly includes multiple sliding pillars, each extending from one of the multiple sliding holes. In this embodiment, the multiple sliding pillars can slide simultaneously in the multiple sliding holes, thereby ensuring that the thrust on the pull rod is uniform. This further ensures that the pull rod can reciprocate stably within the shaft core, thus better realizing the pull rod release function of the pull rod release mechanism.

[0009] In one embodiment, the sliding hole has a first positioning surface, and when the sliding pin abuts against the first positioning surface, the pull rod assembly slides to the release position.

[0010] In one embodiment, the sliding hole has a second positioning surface, which is disposed opposite to the first positioning surface. When the sliding column abuts against the second positioning surface, the pull rod assembly slides to the puller position.

[0011] In one embodiment, the tie rod assembly further includes a tie rod that is slidably disposed within the shaft core along a first direction, and a slide post is fixed to the outer periphery of the tie rod.

[0012] In one embodiment, the pull rod assembly further includes a cutter rear washer, which is disposed at the rear end of the pull rod. When the pull rod assembly slides to the cutter position, the cutter rear washer comes into contact with the external cylinder. In this embodiment, the cutter rear washer has a buffering function, preventing the rear end of the pull rod from directly colliding with the external cylinder and causing damage when the pull rod assembly slides to the cutter position. This extends the service life of the cutter release mechanism.

[0013] In one embodiment, a drive cylinder is also included, which is correspondingly arranged with the slide column. The drive cylinder is used to push the slide column to slide so that the pull rod assembly slides to the knife release position.

[0014] In one embodiment, the elastic component includes: a plurality of compression springs; and a first spacer disposed between two adjacent compression springs. In this embodiment, the first spacer ensures that the compression springs are subjected to force evenly, thereby improving their service life.

[0015] This invention also provides a spindle, comprising: a bushing assembly; and the aforementioned tool release / pull mechanism, wherein the tool release / pull mechanism is disposed within the bushing assembly; wherein the drive cylinder of the tool release / pull mechanism is disposed within the bushing assembly. In this embodiment, because the drive cylinder is disposed within the bushing assembly, the overall length of the spindle is shortened compared to spindles in the prior art. This results in a more compact internal structure design, making it suitable for scenarios with limited installation space, thereby improving its adaptability.

[0016] In one embodiment, the bushing assembly includes: a bushing having a positioning step; and a positioning sleeve at least partially disposed within the bushing; wherein the drive cylinder is slidably disposed on the outer periphery of the shaft core and located between the positioning step and the positioning sleeve, the positioning step and the positioning sleeve being used to define the sliding position of the drive cylinder on the shaft core.

[0017] In one embodiment, an elastic element is also included, disposed between the drive cylinder and the positioning sleeve. In this embodiment, the elastic element has a buffering function; during the cutter release process, the elastic element can buffer and transfer the reverse axial force on the drive cylinder to the positioning sleeve, and then the positioning sleeve transfers the reverse axial force to the rear end cover. This avoids transmitting it to the rear bearing assembly, thereby extending the service life of the rear bearing assembly.

[0018] In one embodiment, an adjusting member is also included. The adjusting member is disposed on the outer periphery of the shaft core, and the drive cylinder is located between the slide column and the adjusting member. The adjusting member is used to adjust the sliding position of the drive cylinder on the shaft core.

[0019] In one embodiment, a rear bearing assembly is also included, which is disposed on the outer periphery of the shaft core and connected to a positioning sleeve, the positioning sleeve being used to define the installation position of the rear bearing assembly on the shaft core.

[0020] In one embodiment, a rear end cover is also included, which is used to press and fix the positioning sleeve onto the bushing.

[0021] In one embodiment, the tie rod assembly is provided with a flushing channel, and the spindle also includes a rotary joint that passes through the rear end cover and communicates with the flushing channel. In this embodiment, the rotary joint can be supplied with high-pressure gas, which then passes through the flushing channel to blow away dust and debris from the end of the spindle.

[0022] In one embodiment, it further includes: a front bearing assembly disposed within a mounting cavity defined by the bushing assembly and the shaft core; and a front end cap for pressing and securing the front bearing assembly within the mounting cavity.

[0023] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are that by setting a sliding column and a sliding hole, the sliding fit between the sliding column and the sliding hole realizes the pull rod assembly's puller release function, allowing the elastic component to be fitted onto the outer circumference of the shaft core. Unlike existing technologies, there is no need to specifically create a mounting cavity between the shaft core and the pull rod to install the elastic component. This reduces the length-to-diameter ratio of the pull rod, improves the structure of the pull rod and the shaft core, and reduces the machining difficulty of the shaft core and pull rod. Consequently, it saves on the manufacturing cost of the puller release mechanism. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a main sectional view of the pull-out knife mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Main sectional view of the tie rod assembly in the middle;

[0027] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The main sectional view of the structure of the shaft core.

[0028] Figure label:

[0029] 10. Shaft core; 11. Sliding hole; 111. First positioning surface; 112. Second positioning surface; 12. Limiting structure; 20. Pull rod assembly; 21. Sliding column; 22. Back gasket of pull knife; 23. Pull rod; 24. Flushing channel; 30. Elastic component; 31. Compression spring; 32. First diaphragm; 33. Second diaphragm; 200. Bushing assembly; 201. Bushing; 2011. Positioning step; 202. Positioning sleeve; 300. Drive cylinder; 301. Cylinder body; 302. Cover body; 303. Piston rod assembly; 304. Sliding sleeve; 400. Elastic element; 500. Adjusting component; 600. Rear bearing assembly; 700. Rear end cover; 800. Rotary joint; 900. Front bearing assembly; 1000. Front end cover. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] It should be noted that the first direction in this application is the axial direction of the shaft core 10.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a cutter release mechanism, which includes a shaft core 10, a pull rod assembly 20, and an elastic component 30. The shaft core 10 has a sliding hole 11 along its radial direction. The pull rod assembly 20 is slidably disposed within the shaft core in a first direction. The pull rod assembly 20 includes a sliding post 21 extending from the sliding hole 11 and capable of sliding within the sliding hole 11. The elastic component 30 is disposed on the outer periphery of the shaft core 10. Pushing the sliding post 21 towards the elastic component 30 allows the pull rod assembly 20 to slide to the cutter release position. At this point, the elastic component 30 is compressed, generating a restoring force. Under the action of the restoring force, the pull rod assembly 20 can slide away from the elastic component 30 to the cutter release position.

[0033] In the above configuration, the sliding column 21 and sliding hole 11 are used to achieve the pull-out function of the pull rod assembly 20 by sliding the column 21 and sliding hole 11. This allows the elastic component 30 to be fitted onto the outer circumference of the shaft core 10. Unlike existing technologies, there is no need to specially set up a mounting cavity between the shaft core and the pull rod to install the elastic component 30. This reduces the length-to-diameter ratio of the pull rod, improves the structure of the pull rod and the shaft core, and reduces the machining difficulty of the shaft core 10 and the pull rod 23. Consequently, the machining and manufacturing costs of the pull-out mechanism are saved.

[0034] It should be noted that when the pull rod assembly 20 slides to the blade release position, the pull rod assembly 20 performs a blade release action to achieve the loosening function; when the pull rod assembly 20 slides to the blade pull position, the pull rod assembly 20 performs a blade pull action to achieve the blade pull function.

[0035] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, a limiting structure 12 is provided on the shaft core 10, the limiting structure 12 is spaced apart from the sliding hole 11, and the elastic component 30 is limited between the limiting structure 12 and the sliding column 21.

[0036] In the above configuration, the limiting structure 12 prevents the elastic component 30 from sliding forward on the shaft core 10. This ensures that when the pull rod assembly 20 slides to the tool release position, the elastic component 30 is compressed to generate a restoring force. This restoring force then ensures that the pull rod assembly 20 slides in the opposite direction to the tool pull position, thus ensuring the tool pull function of the tool release mechanism is achieved.

[0037] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the limiting structure 12 is a limiting step disposed on the shaft core 10. The limiting step is used to axially limit the elastic component 30.

[0038] Of course, in alternative embodiments not shown in this application, the limiting structure 12 may be a limiting ring disposed on the outer periphery of the shaft core 10.

[0039] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment, the pull rod assembly 20 further includes a pull rod 23, which is slidably disposed in the shaft core 10 along a first direction. The slide post 21 is fixed on the outer periphery of the pull rod 23. In this way, the function of releasing the pull rod mechanism is realized by the reciprocating sliding of the pull rod 23 in the shaft core 10.

[0040] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, a plurality of sliding holes 11 are formed on the outer periphery of the shaft core 10, and the pull rod assembly 20 includes a plurality of sliding pillars 21, which extend one-to-one from the plurality of sliding holes 11. This allows the plurality of sliding pillars 21 to slide simultaneously in the plurality of sliding holes 11, thereby ensuring that the thrust on the pull rod 23 is uniform. This further ensures that the pull rod 23 can slide stably back and forth within the shaft core 10, thus better realizing the pull-out function of the pull-out mechanism.

[0041] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, a plurality of sliding holes 11 are formed on the outer periphery of the shaft core 10, and the plurality of sliding holes 11 are evenly spaced. Correspondingly, a plurality of sliding pins 21 are evenly spaced on the outer periphery of the pull rod 23.

[0042] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment, the slide bar 21 is a rigid pin, which is detachably connected to the tie rod 23.

[0043] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the sliding hole 11 is an elongated hole.

[0044] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the sliding hole 11 has a first positioning surface 111, and when the sliding post 21 abuts against the first positioning surface 111, the pull rod assembly 20 slides to the release position.

[0045] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the first positioning surface 111 is an arc-shaped surface that is adapted to the outer circumference of the pin.

[0046] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the sliding hole 11 has a second positioning surface 112, which is disposed opposite to the first positioning surface 111. When the sliding column 21 abuts against the second positioning surface 112, the pull rod assembly 20 slides to the pull knife position.

[0047] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the second positioning surface 112 is an arc-shaped surface that matches the outer circumference of the pin. The second positioning surface 112 is disposed opposite to the first positioning surface 111.

[0048] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment, the pull rod assembly 20 further includes a puller rear washer 22, which is disposed at the rear end of the pull rod 23. When the pull rod assembly 20 slides to the puller position, the puller rear washer 22 comes into contact with the external cylinder.

[0049] In the above configuration, the backing pad 22 of the puller has a buffering function, preventing the rear end of the pull rod 23 from directly colliding with the external cylinder and causing damage when the pull rod assembly 20 slides to the puller position. This extends the service life of the puller release mechanism.

[0050] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the pull rod mechanism further includes a drive cylinder 300, which is correspondingly arranged with the slide column 21. The drive cylinder 300 is used to push the slide column 21 to slide so that the pull rod assembly 20 slides to the release position.

[0051] It should be noted that the external cylinder block in this application refers to the rear end cover 700 of the spindle.

[0052] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the elastic component 30 includes two compression springs 31 and a first spacer 32. The first spacer 32 is disposed between two adjacent compression springs 31. This allows the compression springs 31 to bear force evenly, thereby improving their service life.

[0053] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, two second spacers 33 are also provided at the outer ends of the two compression springs 31, and the two second spacers 33 respectively abut against the aforementioned limiting step and sliding column 21. This ensures that the compression springs 31 are subjected to force evenly, thereby improving their service life.

[0054] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention also provides a spindle, which includes a bushing assembly 200 and a cutter release mechanism. The cutter release mechanism is disposed within the bushing assembly 200, and the drive cylinder 300 of the cutter release mechanism is disposed within the bushing assembly 200.

[0055] In the above configuration, since the drive cylinder 300 is located within the bushing assembly 200, the overall length of the spindle is shortened compared to existing spindle designs. This results in a more compact internal structure, making it suitable for scenarios with limited installation space and thus expanding its applicability.

[0056] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the bushing assembly 200 includes a bushing 201 and a positioning sleeve 202. The bushing 201 is provided with a positioning step 2011, and the positioning sleeve 202 is partially disposed within the bushing 201. The drive cylinder 300 is slidably disposed on the outer periphery of the shaft core 10 and located between the positioning step 2011 and the positioning sleeve 202. The positioning step 2011 and the positioning sleeve 202 are used to define the sliding position of the drive cylinder 300 on the shaft core 10.

[0057] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the spindle includes a rear end cover 700, which is used to press and fix the positioning sleeve 202 onto the bushing 201.

[0058] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the spindle further includes an adjusting member 500, which is slidably disposed on the outer periphery of the spindle core 10. The drive cylinder 300 is located between the slide column 21 and the adjusting member 500. The adjusting member 500 is used to adjust the sliding position of the drive cylinder 300 on the spindle core 10.

[0059] Specifically, such as Figure 1As shown, in one embodiment, the adjusting member 500 is a nut, and the outer periphery of the shaft core 10 is provided with external threads. Tightening the nut allows it to move axially on the shaft core 10, thereby pushing the adjusting drive cylinder 300 to its position on the shaft core 10. This ensures that the drive cylinder 300 can push the pull rod 23 to the tool release position.

[0060] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the drive cylinder 300 includes a cylinder body 301, a cover 302, a seal, and a piston rod assembly 303. The cylinder body 301, cover 302, seal, and piston rod assembly 303 are assembled together to define two sealing cavities, front and rear. Pressing against the rear sealing cavity causes the pull rod 23 to slide forward to achieve the knife release action.

[0061] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the drive cylinder 300 further includes a sliding sleeve 304, which is disposed between the cylinder body 301 and the shaft core 10 to reduce the friction between the cylinder body 301 and the shaft core 10. This ensures that the drive cylinder 300 can slide smoothly on the shaft core 10.

[0062] Specifically, in one embodiment, the drive cylinder 300 may be a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder.

[0063] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the spindle further includes a rear bearing assembly 600, which is disposed on the outer periphery of the spindle core 10 and connected to a positioning sleeve 202, which is used to define the installation position of the rear bearing assembly 600 on the spindle core 10.

[0064] It should be noted that, as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the drive cylinder 300 in this application is a floating drive cylinder. That is, the drive cylinder 300 is entirely sleeved on the shaft core 10, with a radial clearance between them. Furthermore, the drive cylinder 300 can slide axially on the shaft core 10. In this way, the reverse axial force during the tool release process acts on the drive cylinder 300, thereby avoiding a strong impact on the rear bearing assembly 600 and extending the service life of the rear bearing assembly 600.

[0065] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the spindle further includes an elastic element 400, which is disposed between the drive cylinder 300 and the positioning sleeve 202.

[0066] In the above configuration, the elastic element 400 has a certain buffering function. During the release process, the elastic element 400 can buffer and transfer the reverse axial force on the drive cylinder 300 to the positioning sleeve 202, and then the positioning sleeve 202 transfers the reverse axial force to the rear end cover 700. This avoids transferring it to the rear bearing assembly 600, thereby extending the service life of the rear bearing assembly 600.

[0067] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the spindle further includes a front bearing assembly 900 and a front end cap 1000. The front bearing assembly 900 is disposed within the mounting cavity defined by the bushing assembly 200 and the spindle core 10; the front end cap 1000 is used to press and fix the front bearing assembly 900 within the mounting cavity.

[0068] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the pull rod assembly 20 is provided with a flushing channel 24, and the main shaft also includes a rotary joint 800, which passes through the rear end cover 700 and communicates with the flushing channel.

[0069] In the above configuration, the rotary joint 800 can be supplied with high-pressure gas, which then passes through the flushing channel 24 to blow away dust and debris from the end of the spindle.

[0070] It should be noted that dust generated during CNC machine tool processing easily adheres to the tool holder and spindle. If the dust is not cleaned during tool changes, it will not only affect the connection accuracy between the spindle and the tool holder, causing excessive vibration during spindle rotation and poor workpiece machining accuracy, but also affect the spindle's lifespan if the dust enters the spindle. Therefore, the flushing channel 24 is provided to provide high-pressure blowing to remove the dust and avoid the above problems.

[0071] The following is combined Figure 1 The following describes the broaching and unbroaching operation process of the broaching and unbroaching mechanism in this application:

[0072] Blade release operation: The piston rod assembly moves forward under pneumatic or hydraulic drive and comes into contact with the rear end face of the rigid pin. Under continuous pressure, the cylinder and cover move backward as a whole under the action of the sliding sleeve, compressing the spring (elastic element 400). Under the limiting action of the rear nut, the piston rod assembly pushes the rigid pin under pressure, driving the pull rod to continue to compress the elastic component forward. When it is compressed to a certain distance, the pull claw at the front end of the pull rod releases, realizing the release of the blade.

[0073] It should be noted that the distance between the front end face of the piston rod assembly and the rear end face of the rigid pin, as well as the limiting position of the nut on the shaft core 10, need to be strictly calculated to ensure that the position of the pull rod is within a reasonable range and the release of the tool is completed smoothly.

[0074] Cutter operation: As the air or hydraulic pressure decreases, the elastic component pushes the rigid pin backward, which in turn drives the pull rod and piston rod assembly to move backward. When the rigid pin reaches its limit position, the piston rod assembly stops moving backward. As the internal pressure of the drive cylinder gradually decreases, the elastic element gradually extends, pushing the cylinder body and cover body forward to complete the pressure relief and realize the cutter operation.

[0075] It should be noted that the rearward position of the pull rod 23 requires rigorous calculation and is limited by a rigid pin in cooperation with the rear positioning surface (second positioning surface 112) to ensure the pull force. The release and pull positions of the rigid pin, as well as the limiting position of the nut, require rigorous calculation. Since the rigid pin needs to pass through the through hole (sliding hole 11) on the shaft core 10 and be fixed to the pull rod 23 by threads, this structure can also limit the relative rotation of the pull rod. Compared with traditional spindles, the anti-rotation structure of the pull rod can be eliminated.

[0076] As described in the specific technical effects of the embodiments in this application, by setting a sliding column and a sliding hole, the sliding fit between the sliding column and the sliding hole realizes the tool release function of the pull rod assembly, allowing the elastic component to be fitted onto the outer circumference of the shaft core. Unlike existing technologies, there is no need to specifically set up a mounting cavity between the shaft core and the pull rod to install the elastic component. This reduces the length-to-diameter ratio of the pull rod, improves the structure of the pull rod and the shaft core, and reduces the machining difficulty of the shaft core and pull rod. This, in turn, saves on the manufacturing cost of the tool release mechanism. The drive cylinder in this application is a floating drive cylinder. That is, the drive cylinder is entirely fitted onto the shaft core, with a radial clearance between it and the shaft core. The drive cylinder can slide axially on the shaft core. Thus, the reverse axial force during the tool release process acts on the drive cylinder, thereby avoiding a strong impact on the rear bearing assembly and extending the service life of the rear bearing assembly. Because the drive cylinder is located inside the bushing assembly, the overall length of the spindle is shortened compared to the spindle in the prior art. This makes its internal structure design more compact, suitable for scenarios with limited installation space, and thus improves its adaptability.

[0077] Although the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications can be made and components can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A spindle, characterized in that, include: bushing assembly; as well as A drawbar release mechanism is disposed within the bushing assembly, and the drawbar release mechanism includes: The shaft core has a sliding hole along its radial direction; A pull rod assembly, slidably disposed within the shaft core along a first direction, the pull rod assembly including a sliding post extending from the sliding hole and slidable within the sliding hole; and An elastic component is disposed on the outer periphery of the shaft core; Specifically, by pushing the sliding column towards the elastic component, the pull rod assembly can slide to the release position, at which point the elastic component is compressed and generates a restoring force; under the action of the restoring force, the pull rod assembly can slide away from the elastic component to the pull position; The drive cylinder of the pull-out mechanism is located inside the bushing assembly; The main shaft also includes an adjusting component, which is disposed on the outer periphery of the shaft core. The drive cylinder is located between the slide column and the adjusting component, and the adjusting component is used to adjust the sliding position of the drive cylinder on the shaft core. The front bearing assembly is disposed within the mounting cavity defined by the bushing assembly and the shaft core; and The front end cover is used to press and fix the front bearing assembly inside the mounting cavity.

2. The spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, A limiting structure is provided on the shaft core, the limiting structure is spaced apart from the sliding hole, and the elastic component is limited between the limiting structure and the sliding column.

3. The spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer periphery of the shaft core is provided with a plurality of sliding holes, and the tie rod assembly includes a plurality of sliding pins, which extend out from the plurality of sliding holes in a corresponding manner.

4. The spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sliding hole has a first positioning surface. When the sliding column abuts against the first positioning surface, the pull rod assembly slides to the release position.

5. The spindle according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sliding hole has a second positioning surface, which is disposed opposite to the first positioning surface. When the sliding column abuts against the second positioning surface, the pull rod assembly slides to the pull knife position.

6. The spindle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The pull rod assembly further includes a pull rod, which is slidably disposed within the shaft core along a first direction, and the slide column is fixed on the outer periphery of the pull rod.

7. The spindle according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pull rod assembly also includes a puller rear washer, which is disposed at the rear end of the pull rod. When the pull rod assembly slides to the puller position, the puller rear washer comes into contact with the external cylinder.

8. The spindle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, It also includes a drive cylinder, which is correspondingly arranged with the slide column. The drive cylinder is used to push the slide column to slide so that the pull rod assembly slides to the release position.

9. The spindle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The elastic component includes: Multiple compression springs; and A first spacer is disposed between two adjacent compression springs among the plurality of compression springs.

10. The spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bushing assembly includes: The bushing is provided with a positioning step; and A positioning sleeve is at least partially disposed within the bushing; The drive cylinder is slidably disposed on the outer periphery of the shaft core and located between the positioning step and the positioning sleeve. The positioning step and the positioning sleeve are used to limit the sliding position of the drive cylinder on the shaft core.

11. The spindle according to claim 10, characterized in that, It also includes an elastic element disposed between the drive cylinder and the positioning sleeve.

12. The spindle according to claim 10, characterized in that, It also includes a rear bearing assembly disposed on the outer periphery of the shaft core and connected to the positioning sleeve, the positioning sleeve being used to define the installation position of the rear bearing assembly on the shaft core.

13. The spindle according to claim 10, characterized in that, It also includes a rear end cover, which is used to press and fix the positioning sleeve onto the bushing.

14. The spindle according to claim 13, characterized in that, The pull rod assembly is provided with a flushing channel, and the main shaft also includes a rotary joint, which passes through the rear end cover and communicates with the flushing channel.

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