A stereoscopic simulation device for cardiac surgery and a method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of stereoscopic simulation device and method of heart surgery, including cambered surface cavity, stereoscopic heart model, heart auxiliary jump mechanism is arranged in cambered surface cavity, and it is in the left and right sides of stereoscopic heart model, heart auxiliary jump mechanism extrusion stereoscopic heart model is inwards contraction, and stereoscopic heart model is automatically restored to original state when heart auxiliary jump mechanism releases extrusion, to simulate heart beat blood supply operation;Synchronous pulling assembly one end is connected with valve, and its other end is connected with heart auxiliary jump mechanism, synchronous pulling assembly when heart auxiliary jump mechanism extrusion stereoscopic heart model to valve exert or release pulling force, to make the valve between the atrium and ventricle of same side close cut off, and the valve between two ventricles and aorta and pulmonary artery is opened to realize blood supply;The application realizes simulation heart beat work and blood flow direction, to simulate heart problem, such as valve stenosis, valve insufficiency / reflux.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cardiac surgery simulation systems, specifically to a three-dimensional simulation device and method for cardiac surgery. Background Technology

[0002] The heart is the organ in humans and vertebrates that propels blood circulation. The human heart is located in the middle of the chest cavity, slightly to the lower left. It is cone-shaped and about the size of a person's fist. It has four cavities inside: the upper two are atria and the lower two are ventricles. The relaxation and contraction of the atria and ventricles propel blood circulation throughout the body.

[0003] Since the heart is the most important part of the human body, doctors need to assess the blood flow in a heart model to determine heart problems, understand the basic working principle of the heart, and learn how common heart diseases are characterized. Most existing simulation devices only simulate the heartbeat, but do not simulate the changes in valve opening and closing and blood flow caused by the heartbeat. As a result, doctors lack a sense of realism when simulating surgery and cannot determine heart diseases based on changes in blood inflow and outflow. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a three-dimensional simulation device and method for cardiac surgery, in order to solve the technical problem that existing simulation devices only simulate the heartbeat, but do not simulate the changes in valve opening and closing and blood flow caused by the heartbeat. This results in doctors lacking a sense of realism during simulated surgery and being unable to judge heart diseases based on changes in blood inflow and outflow.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention specifically provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A stereoscopic simulation device for cardiac surgery, comprising:

[0007] The curved cavity is used to simulate the human sternum;

[0008] A three-dimensional heart model, comprising atria, ventricles, valves, and blood vessels, wherein the atria, ventricles, and blood vessels are all made of elastic rubber material, the valves are capable of opening in one direction, and the size of the three-dimensional heart model is at least 1:1 in proportion to the size of a standard heart;

[0009] The atria are divided into the left atrium and the right atrium, and the ventricles are divided into the left ventricle and the right ventricle. The left ventricle and the left atrium are connected by a valve, and the right atrium and the right ventricle are connected by a valve.

[0010] The blood vessel includes an inlet vessel and an outlet vessel, wherein the inlet vessel is used to pump fluid into the left and right atria, and the outlet vessel is used to discharge fluid when the left and right ventricles contract inward, and the left and right ventricles are connected to the outlet vessel via valves.

[0011] A heart-assisted beating mechanism is disposed within the arc-shaped cavity and located on the left and right sides of the three-dimensional heart model. The heart-assisted beating mechanism compresses the three-dimensional heart model inward, and the three-dimensional heart model automatically returns to its original state when the heart-assisted beating mechanism releases the compression, so as to simulate the blood supply operation of the heart beating.

[0012] A synchronous pulling component, one end of which is connected to the valve and the other end of which is connected to the cardiac assist mechanism, applies or releases tension on the valve when the cardiac assist mechanism compresses the three-dimensional heart model, so that the valve between the atrium and ventricle on the same side closes and the valve between the two ventricles and the aorta and pulmonary artery opens to allow blood supply.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the synchronous pulling component includes at least two sets of rope pulling mechanisms, wherein one set of rope pulling mechanisms is connected to the first valve between the left ventricle and the left atrium and the third valve between the left ventricle and the efferent vessel, and the rope pulling mechanism synchronously drives the first valve to close and the third valve to open when the cardiac assist mechanism squeezes the three-dimensional heart model inward to contract.

[0014] Another set of the pull rope mechanisms are respectively connected to the second valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle, and to the fourth valve between the right ventricle and the outflowing vessel. When the cardiac assist mechanism squeezes the three-dimensional heart model inward, the pull rope mechanism simultaneously drives the second valve to close and the fourth valve to open.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cardiac assist mechanism includes push cylinders disposed in the arc-shaped cavity and located on both sides of the three-dimensional heart model. The output ends of the two push cylinders are respectively facing the left ventricle and the right ventricle. An elastic ball is provided on the output shaft of the push cylinder. The elastic ball compresses the left ventricle and the right ventricle and contracts inward under the pushing action of the push cylinder.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the interior of the arc-shaped cavity is provided with a perforated mesh plate, the three-dimensional heart model is placed on the perforated mesh plate, and a grid rod is movably inserted into the perforated mesh plate. The grid rod is inserted into the outer side of the left and right atria of the three-dimensional heart model to fix the three-dimensional heart model, so that the three-dimensional heart model remains stable under the squeezing action of the heart assist beating mechanism.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first valve, the third valve, the second valve, and the fourth valve open in the same direction;

[0018] The first valve, the third valve, the second valve, and the fourth valve all include a support panel that serves as a partition, and a through hole located at the center of the support panel. At least two rubber panels are hinged to the side surface of the support panel at the location of the through hole. The area of ​​the rubber panels is the same as the area of ​​the through hole, and all the rubber panels are combined to form a circle.

[0019] The second and fourth valves have metal circles at the edges of their through holes, and the rubber panel has a magnetic sheet on the side facing the through hole that attracts the metal circles. The rubber panel automatically resets under the mutual attraction of the metal circles and the magnetic sheet to close the through hole.

[0020] The rubber panels of the first and third valves are connected to the edge of the through hole by compression springs. The rubber panels automatically reset under the action of the compression springs to open the through hole.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the two pull rope mechanisms respectively include a first tension rope disposed on each rubber panel of the first valve, a third tension rope disposed on each rubber panel of the third valve, a second tension rope disposed on each rubber panel of the second valve, and a fourth tension rope disposed on each rubber panel of the fourth valve.

[0022] All first and third tension cords pass through the left ventricle and are connected to the output shaft of the corresponding side push cylinder. All second and fourth tension cords pass through the right ventricle and are connected to the output shaft of the corresponding side push cylinder. When the push cylinder compresses the left ventricle inward, the first tension cords and all third tension cords move synchronously in opposite directions to close the first valve and open the third valve. When the push cylinder compresses the right ventricle inward, the second tension cords and all fourth tension cords move synchronously in opposite directions to close the second valve and open the fourth valve.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the arcuate cavity is provided with two first fixed pulleys and a third fixed pulley on the side of the left ventricle, and two second fixed pulleys and a fourth fixed pulley on the side of the right ventricle, both on the same horizontal line. The first fixed pulley is close to the left ventricle, the third fixed pulley is far from the left ventricle, the second fixed pulley is close to the right ventricle, and the fourth fixed pulley is far from the right ventricle. The first tension rope and the third tension rope pass through the first fixed pulley and the third fixed pulley respectively and are connected to the output shaft of the push cylinder. The second tension rope and all the fourth tension ropes pass through the second fixed pulley and the fourth fixed pulley respectively and are connected to the output shaft of the push cylinder.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner walls of the left and right ventricles are provided with arc-shaped grooves corresponding to the positions of each rubber panel, and the left and right ventricles are respectively provided with four gathering rings, and all the first tension ropes, third tension ropes, second tension ropes and fourth tension ropes pass through the gathering rings and come together.

[0025] The left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, and right ventricle are respectively provided with thread holes for the first tension rope, the third tension rope, the second tension rope, and the fourth tension rope to pass through.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the positions of the first fixed pulley, the third fixed pulley, the second fixed pulley and the fourth fixed pulley in the arc-shaped cavity are adjustable, the pushing cylinder extends and retracts by the same amplitude, the first tension rope and the third tension rope, the second tension rope and the fourth tension rope exert different forces on the rubber panel, and the closing and opening ranges of the first valve, the third valve, the second valve and the fourth valve are different.

[0027] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention further provides the following technical solution: a simulation method for a three-dimensional simulation device for cardiac surgery, comprising the following steps:

[0028] Step 100: Create a three-dimensional heart model and maintain the stability of the three-dimensional heart model;

[0029] Step 200: Pump liquid into the inlet blood vessel of the three-dimensional heart model, reset the cardiac assist mechanism and restore the three-dimensional heart model to its original state, and control the direction of liquid flow inside the three-dimensional heart model through the rope mechanism to accumulate liquid in the left and right ventricles.

[0030] Step 300: Use the heart-assisted beating mechanism to squeeze the three-dimensional heart model inward and control the direction of fluid flow inside the three-dimensional heart model through the rope mechanism to squeeze the fluid in the left and right ventricles of the three-dimensional heart model out of the blood vessels.

[0031] Step 400: While keeping the cardiac assist mechanism unchanged, adjust the shape of the three-dimensional heart model and the tension of the rope mechanism to simulate heart disease.

[0032] Step 500: Diagnose heart disease by comparing the inflow of fluid into the blood vessel and the outflow of fluid from the blood vessel.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0034] This embodiment of the invention can simulate heartbeat and blood flow direction during heartbeat by using a rope mechanism and a heart-assisted beating mechanism. By monitoring the difference between the inflow and outflow of fluid from the heart, the condition of the valves can be determined. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram provided for an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] The labels in the diagram represent the following:

[0038] 1-Arc-shaped cavity; 2-Three-dimensional heart model; 3-Heart assist mechanism; 4-Rope pulling mechanism; 5-First valve; 6-Third valve; 7-Second valve; 8-Fourth valve; 9-Perforated mesh plate; 10-Grid rod; 11-Arc-shaped groove; 12-Gathering ring; 13-Wire hole;

[0039] 21-Left atrium; 22-Right atrium; 23-Left ventricle; 24-Right ventricle; 25-Inlet vessel; 26-Outlet vessel;

[0040] 31-Push cylinder; 32-Elastic ball;

[0041] 101-Support panel; 102-Through hole; 103-Rubber panel; 104-Metal circle; 105-Magnetic sheet; 106-Compression spring;

[0042] 41-First tension rope; 42-Second tension rope; 43-Third tension rope; 44-Fourth tension rope; 45-First fixed pulley; 46-Third fixed pulley; 47-Second fixed pulley; 48-Fourth fixed pulley. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a three-dimensional simulation device for cardiac surgery. This embodiment achieves the simulation of cardiac surgery by establishing an external three-dimensional structure of the heart, thereby making it more realistic.

[0045] The focus of this embodiment is to construct an in vitro heart model and use a heart-assisting pulsation component to drive the heart to simulate a normal heartbeat. In addition, by combining the opening and closing of the valves inside the heart model, the blood supply behavior caused by the heartbeat is simulated. Thus, when the shape of the heart model and the range of valve opening and closing are changed, the amount of fluid output by the heart can be used to determine whether there is a problem with the heart. Therefore, a more accurate and detailed simulation system for cardiac surgery is provided.

[0046] The 3D simulation device specifically includes:

[0047] The curved cavity 1 is used to simulate the human sternum, and the cover can be opened and closed to expose or close the three-dimensional heart model 2.

[0048] The three-dimensional heart model 2 has atria, ventricles, valves and blood vessels. The atria, ventricles and blood vessels are made of elastic rubber material. The valves can open in one direction. The size of the three-dimensional heart model 2 is at least 1:1 with the size of a standard heart.

[0049] Based on a normal heart, the atria of the three-dimensional heart model in this embodiment are divided into a left atrium 21 and a right atrium 22, and the ventricles are divided into a left ventricle 23 and a right ventricle 24. The left ventricle 23 is connected to the left atrium 21 by a valve, and the right atrium 22 is connected to the right ventricle 24 by a valve.

[0050] The blood vessel includes an inlet vessel 25 and an outlet vessel 26. The inlet vessel 25 is used to pump fluid into the left atrium 21 and the right atrium 22, and the outlet vessel 26 is used to discharge fluid when the left ventricle 23 and the right ventricle 24 contract inward. The left ventricle 23 and the right ventricle 24 are connected to the outlet vessel 26 by valves.

[0051] The heart's primary function is to power blood circulation through continuous beating, ensuring a constant flow of oxygen and nutrients to the body. The entire circulatory process is as follows: During ventricular diastole, venous blood flows from all parts of the body into the right atrium, then into the right ventricle. Subsequently, the ventricle contracts, pumping blood into the pulmonary artery, which then flows into the pulmonary capillary network. Within this network, the venous blood expels carbon dioxide and releases oxygen inhaled from the lungs, transforming into arterial blood.

[0052] In the three-dimensional heart model 2 of this embodiment, the inlet vessel 25 is used to pump fluid into the left atrium 21 and the right atrium 22, and the fluid then flows into the left ventricle 23 and the right ventricle 24. When the three-dimensional heart model 2 is compressed, the fluid in the left ventricle 23 and the right ventricle 24 is discharged from the outlet vessel 26. The function of the valves is to control the fluid flow into the left ventricle 23 and the right ventricle 24, as well as the fluid flow out of the left ventricle 23 and the right ventricle 24.

[0053] The cardiac assist mechanism 3 is set inside the arc-shaped cavity 1 and is located on the left and right sides of the three-dimensional heart model 2. The cardiac assist mechanism 3 squeezes the three-dimensional heart model 2 inward and contracts it. When the cardiac assist mechanism 3 releases the squeeze, the three-dimensional heart model 2 automatically returns to its original state to simulate the blood supply operation of the heart beating.

[0054] One end of the synchronous pulling component is connected to the valve, and the other end is connected to the cardiac assist mechanism 3. When the cardiac assist mechanism 3 squeezes the three-dimensional heart model 2, the synchronous pulling component applies or releases tension on the valve, so that the valve between the atrium and ventricle on the same side closes and the valve between the two ventricles and the aorta and pulmonary artery opens to achieve blood supply.

[0055] The interior of the arc-shaped cavity 1 is provided with a perforated mesh plate 9. The three-dimensional heart model 2 is placed on the perforated mesh plate 9, and a grid rod 10 is movably inserted on the perforated mesh plate 9. The grid rod 10 is inserted on the outside of the left atrium 21 and right atrium 22 of the three-dimensional heart model 2 to fix the three-dimensional heart model 2, so that the three-dimensional heart model 2 remains stationary under the squeezing action of the heart assist beating mechanism 3.

[0056] In this embodiment, the three-dimensional heart model 2 is placed inside the perforated mesh plate 9 of the curved cavity 1. The position of the three-dimensional heart model 2 is fixed by the grid rods 10 inserted on the perforated mesh plate 9. After replacing it with a three-dimensional heart model 2 that is enlarged proportionally, the three-dimensional simulation model provided in this embodiment can still be used normally.

[0057] The cardiac assist mechanism 3 includes push cylinders 31 disposed in the arc-shaped cavity 1 and located on both sides of the three-dimensional heart model 2. The output ends of the two push cylinders 31 are respectively facing the left ventricle 23 and the right ventricle 24. An elastic ball 32 is provided on the output shaft of the push cylinder 31. Under the pushing action of the push cylinder 31, the elastic ball 32 squeezes the left ventricle 23 and the right ventricle 24 to contract inward.

[0058] Since the atria, ventricles, and blood vessels are all made of elastic rubber, when the extension shafts of the two push cylinders 31 extend outward, the elastic ball 32 squeezes the left ventricle 23 and the right ventricle 24 to contract inward. When the extension shafts of the two push cylinders 31 return to their original positions, the left ventricle 23 and the right ventricle 24 automatically return to their original state.

[0059] Generally, when the ventricle is in diastole, the valves between the right atrium 22 and the right ventricle 24, and the valves between the left atrium 21 and the left ventricle 23 are open, while the valves between the left ventricle 23 and the efferent vessel 26, and the valves between the right ventricle 24 and the efferent vessel 26 are closed.

[0060] When the ventricles contract, the valves between the right atrium 22 and the right ventricle 24, and the valves between the left atrium 21 and the left ventricle 23 are closed, while the valves between the left ventricle 23 and the efferent vessel 26, and the valves between the right ventricle 24 and the efferent vessel 26 are open.

[0061] Furthermore, the synchronous pulling assembly includes at least two sets of pull rope mechanisms 4, one of which is connected to the first valve 5 between the left ventricle 23 and the left atrium 21, and the third valve 6 between the left ventricle 23 and the efferent vessel 26. When the cardiac assist mechanism 3 squeezes the three-dimensional heart model 2 inward, the pull rope mechanism 4 synchronously drives the first valve 5 to close and the third valve 6 to open.

[0062] Another set of rope-pulling mechanisms 4 are connected to the second valve 7 between the right atrium 22 and the right ventricle 24, and to the fourth valve 8 between the right ventricle 24 and the outflowing vessel 26. When the cardiac assist mechanism 3 squeezes the three-dimensional heart model 2 inward, the rope-pulling mechanism 4 simultaneously drives the second valve 7 to close and the fourth valve 8 to open.

[0063] Therefore, in this embodiment, when the cardiac assist mechanism 3 controls ventricular diastole and systole, the linkage between the cardiac assist mechanism 3 and the synchronous pulling component can also be used to control the opening and closing state of the valves, thereby realizing a realistic scenario that simulates the heartbeat and blood flow direction. Therefore, when performing surgery, the blood flow during the heartbeat can also be used to simulate the surgical outcome.

[0064] In the three-dimensional heart model 2 of this embodiment, only four valve processing methods are listed, namely the first valve 5 between the left ventricle 23 and the left atrium 21, the third valve 6 between the left ventricle 23 and the efferent vessel 26, the second valve 7 between the right atrium 22 and the right ventricle 24, and the fourth valve 8 between the right ventricle 24 and the efferent vessel 26.

[0065] The first valve 5, the third valve 6, the second valve 7, and the fourth valve 8 open in the same direction.

[0066] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the first valve 5, the third valve 6, the second valve 7 and the fourth valve 8 each include a support panel 101 that serves as a partition, and a through hole 102 located at the center of the support panel 101. At least two rubber panels 103 are hinged to the side surface of the support panel 101 at the position of the through hole 102. The area of ​​the rubber panels 103 is the same as the area of ​​the through hole 102. All the rubber panels 103 are combined to form a circle.

[0067] The second valve 7 and the fourth valve 8 have metal circles 104 on the edges of the through holes 102. The rubber panel 103 has a magnetic sheet 105 on the side facing the through holes 102 that attracts the metal circles 104. The rubber panel 103 automatically resets under the mutual attraction of the metal circles 104 and the magnetic sheet 105 to close the through holes 102.

[0068] The rubber panels 103 of the first valve 5 and the third valve 6 are connected to the edge of the through hole 102 by compression springs 106. The rubber panels 103 automatically reset under the action of the compression springs 106 to open the through hole 102.

[0069] When all rubber panels 103 close and seal the through hole 102, they achieve the blocking function. When the rubber panels 103 are rotated around their hinge points under force, the space on both sides is opened. When the force applied to the rubber panels 103 is removed, that is, when the heart is in diastole, the rubber panels 103 of the second valve 7 and the fourth valve 8 automatically reset to seal the through hole 102 under the mutual attraction of the metal circle 104 and the magnetic sheet 105. The rubber panels 103 of the first valve 5 and the third valve 6 automatically reset to open the through hole 102 under the action of the compression spring 106.

[0070] In this embodiment, such as Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the rubber panel 103 is subjected to tension through two sets of rope pulling mechanisms 4. The specific implementation structure is as follows:

[0071] The two pull rope mechanisms 4 respectively include a first pull rope 41 disposed on each rubber panel 103 of the first valve 5, a third pull rope 43 disposed on each rubber panel 103 of the third valve 6, a second pull rope 42 disposed on each rubber panel 103 of the second valve 7, and a fourth pull rope 44 disposed on each rubber panel 103 of the fourth valve 8.

[0072] All first tension cords 41 and all third tension cords 43 pass through the left ventricle 23 and are connected to the output shaft of the corresponding side push cylinder 31. All second tension cords 42 and all fourth tension cords 44 pass through the right ventricle 24 and are connected to the output shaft of the corresponding side push cylinder 31. When the push cylinder 31 squeezes the left ventricle 23 inward, the first tension cords 41 and all third tension cords 43 move in opposite directions synchronously to close the first valve 5 and open the third valve 6. When the push cylinder 31 squeezes the right ventricle 24 inward, the second tension cords 42 and all fourth tension cords 44 move in opposite directions synchronously to close the second valve 7 and open the fourth valve 8.

[0073] In this embodiment, there are at least two first tension ropes 41 and at least two third tension ropes 43. Although the first tension rope 41 and all the third tension ropes 43 pass through the left ventricle 23 and are connected to the push cylinder 31 on the side of the left ventricle 23, the tightening states of the first tension rope 41 and all the third tension ropes 43 are completely opposite. The second tension rope 42 and all the fourth tension ropes 44 are the same as described above.

[0074] In order for the rubber panel 103 to be able to fully release the through hole 102, a lateral pulling force needs to be applied to the rubber panel 103 to improve the effort and convenience of pulling the rubber panel 103. Therefore, the inner walls of the left ventricle 23 and the right ventricle 24 are provided with arc-shaped through grooves 11 corresponding to the position of each rubber panel 103, and the left ventricle 23 and the right ventricle 24 are respectively provided with four gathering rings 12. All the first tension ropes 41, the third tension ropes 43, the second tension ropes 42 and the fourth tension ropes 44 pass through the gathering rings 12 and are gathered together.

[0075] The left atrium 21, left ventricle 23, right atrium 22 and right ventricle 24 are respectively provided with wire holes 13 for the first tension rope 41, the third tension rope 43, the second tension rope 42 and the fourth tension rope 44 to pass through.

[0076] The inner walls of the left ventricle 23 and the right ventricle 24 are provided with arc-shaped grooves 11 corresponding to the positions of each rubber panel 103. One end of the first tension rope 41, the third tension rope 43, the second tension rope 42 and the fourth tension rope 44 are connected to the corresponding rubber panel 103. The first tension rope 41, the third tension rope 43, the second tension rope 42 and the fourth tension rope 44 pass through the arc-shaped grooves 11 and the gathering ring 12 in sequence to form a single thread. In this way, the number of thread holes 13 provided on the left ventricle 23 and the right ventricle 24 is relatively small, thereby controlling the amount of liquid overflowing from the thread holes 13.

[0077] To achieve synchronous reverse movement of the first tension rope 41 and the third tension rope 43, as well as synchronous reverse movement of the second tension rope 42 and all the fourth tension ropes 44, the arc-shaped cavity 1 is provided with two first fixed pulleys 45 and third fixed pulleys 46 on the side of the left ventricle 23, and two second fixed pulleys 47 and fourth fixed pulleys 48 on the side of the right ventricle 24, both on the same horizontal line. The first fixed pulley 45 is close to the left ventricle 23, the third fixed pulley 46 is far from the left ventricle 23, the second fixed pulley 47 is close to the right ventricle 24, and the fourth fixed pulley 48 is far from the right ventricle 24. The first tension rope 41 and the third tension rope 43 pass through the first fixed pulley 45 and the third fixed pulley 46 respectively and are connected to the output shaft of the push cylinder 31. The second tension rope 42 and all the fourth tension ropes 44 pass through the second fixed pulley 47 and the fourth fixed pulley 48 respectively and are connected to the output shaft of the push cylinder 31.

[0078] As a preferred embodiment, the positions of the first fixed pulley 45, the third fixed pulley 46, the second fixed pulley 47, and the fourth fixed pulley 48 within the arc-shaped cavity 1 are adjustable, pushing the cylinder 31 to extend and retract by the same amplitude. The first tension rope 41, the third tension rope 43, the second tension rope 42, and the fourth tension rope 44 exert different forces on the rubber panel 103, and the first valve 5, the third valve 6, the second valve 7, and the fourth valve 8 have different closing and opening ranges.

[0079] In other words, this embodiment can simulate heartbeat and blood flow direction during heartbeat by using the rope pulling mechanism 4 and the heart assist beating mechanism 3. At the same time, it can also simulate heart problems such as valvular stenosis, valvular insufficiency / regurgitation by adjusting the pulling and closing range of the first valve 5, the third valve 6, the second valve 7 and the fourth valve 8.

[0080] In addition, it should be noted that the state of the myocardium can be simulated by setting the left ventricle 23 and the right ventricle 24 as stacked rubber layers. By further designing the surgical operation, the surgical result can be more directly judged by the amount of fluid inflow into the inlet vessel 25 and the amount of fluid outflow into the outlet vessel 26.

[0081] The simulation device in this embodiment can simulate the following specific cardiac scenarios:

[0082] 1. Adjust the first fixed pulley 45 away from the left ventricle 23 so that the first valve 5 cannot fully open under the same extension and contraction amplitude of the cardiac assist mechanism 3, thereby simulating the problem of valve stenosis;

[0083] 2. The third fixed pulley 46 is close to the left ventricle 23, so that the third valve 6 cannot be completely closed under the same extension and contraction amplitude of the cardiac assist mechanism 3, to simulate the problem of valve insufficiency / regurgitation;

[0084] Similarly, by adjusting the second fixed pulley 47 away from the right ventricle 24, the second valve 7 cannot be fully opened under the same extension and contraction amplitude of the cardiac assist mechanism 3, thus simulating the problem of valvular stenosis.

[0085] The second fixed pulley 48 is close to the right ventricle 24, so that the fourth valve 8 cannot be completely closed under the same extension and contraction amplitude of the cardiac assist mechanism 3, to simulate the problem of valvular insufficiency / regurgitation.

[0086] In addition, the present invention also provides a simulation method for a three-dimensional simulation device for cardiac surgery, comprising the following steps:

[0087] Step 100: Create a three-dimensional heart model and keep the three-dimensional heart model stable;

[0088] Step 200: Pump liquid into the inlet blood vessel of the three-dimensional heart model, reset the cardiac assist mechanism and restore the three-dimensional heart model to its original state, and control the direction of liquid flow inside the three-dimensional heart model through the rope mechanism to accumulate liquid in the left and right ventricles.

[0089] Step 300: Use the cardiac assist mechanism to squeeze the three-dimensional heart model inward and control the direction of fluid flow inside the three-dimensional heart model through the rope mechanism to squeeze the fluid in the left and right ventricles of the three-dimensional heart model out of the blood vessels.

[0090] Step 400: While keeping the cardiac assist mechanism unchanged, adjust the shape of the three-dimensional heart model and the tension of the rope mechanism to simulate heart disease.

[0091] Step 500: Diagnose heart disease by comparing the inflow of fluid into the blood vessel and the outflow of fluid from the blood vessel.

[0092] This embodiment can simulate heartbeat and blood flow direction during heartbeat by using a rope mechanism and a heart-assisted beating mechanism. It can also simulate heart problems such as valvular stenosis, valvular insufficiency / regurgitation by adjusting the opening and closing range of the valves.

[0093] The above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. The scope of protection of this application is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or equivalent substitutions to this application within its substance and scope of protection, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions should also be considered to fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional simulation device for cardiac surgery, characterized in that, include: Arc-shaped cavity (1) is used to simulate the human sternum; A three-dimensional heart model (2) has atria, ventricles, valves and blood vessels. The atria, ventricles and blood vessels are made of elastic rubber material. The valves can open in one direction. The size of the three-dimensional heart model (2) is at least 1:1 the size of a standard heart. The atria are divided into the left atrium (21) and the right atrium (22), and the ventricles are divided into the left ventricle (23) and the right ventricle (24). The left ventricle (23) and the left atrium (21) are connected by a valve, and the right atrium (22) and the right ventricle (24) are connected by a valve. The blood vessel includes an inlet vessel (25) and an outlet vessel (26), wherein the inlet vessel (25) is used to pump fluid into the left atrium (21) and the right atrium (22), and the outlet vessel (26) is used to discharge fluid when the left ventricle (23) and the right ventricle (24) contract inward, and the left ventricle (23) and the right ventricle (24) are connected to the outlet vessel (26) by a valve; The heart-assisted beating mechanism (3) is set inside the arc-shaped cavity (1) and located on the left and right sides of the three-dimensional heart model (2). The heart-assisted beating mechanism (3) squeezes the three-dimensional heart model (2) inward and contracts. The three-dimensional heart model (2) automatically returns to its original state when the heart-assisted beating mechanism (3) releases the squeeze, so as to simulate the blood supply operation of the heart beating. The synchronous pulling component is connected at one end to the valve and at the other end to the cardiac assist mechanism (3). When the cardiac assist mechanism (3) squeezes the three-dimensional heart model (2), the synchronous pulling component applies or releases tension on the valve so that the valve between the atrium and ventricle on the same side closes and the valve between the two ventricles and the aorta and pulmonary artery opens to achieve blood supply.

2. The three-dimensional simulation device for cardiac surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The synchronous pulling assembly includes at least two sets of rope pulling mechanisms (4), one of which is connected to the first valve (5) between the left ventricle (23) and the left atrium (21) and the third valve (6) between the left ventricle (23) and the outflowing vessel (26). When the cardiac assist mechanism (3) squeezes the three-dimensional heart model (2) inward, the rope pulling mechanism (4) synchronously drives the first valve (5) to close and the third valve (6) to open. Another set of the rope-pulling mechanism (4) is connected to the second valve (7) between the right atrium (22) and the right ventricle (24), and to the fourth valve (8) between the right ventricle (24) and the outflow vessel (26). When the cardiac assist mechanism (3) squeezes the three-dimensional heart model (2) inward, the rope-pulling mechanism (4) simultaneously drives the second valve (7) to close and the fourth valve (8) to open.

3. The three-dimensional simulation device for cardiac surgery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cardiac assist mechanism (3) includes a push cylinder (31) disposed in the arc cavity (1) and located on both sides of the three-dimensional heart model (2). The output ends of the two push cylinders (31) are respectively facing the left ventricle (23) and the right ventricle (24). An elastic ball (32) is provided on the output shaft of the push cylinder (31). Under the pushing action of the push cylinder (31), the elastic ball (32) squeezes the left ventricle (23) and the right ventricle (24) to contract inward.

4. The three-dimensional simulation device for cardiac surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The interior of the arc-shaped cavity (1) is provided with a perforated mesh plate (9). The three-dimensional heart model (2) is placed on the perforated mesh plate (9), and a grid rod (10) is movably inserted on the perforated mesh plate (9). The grid rod (10) is inserted on the outside of the left atrium (21) and right atrium (22) of the three-dimensional heart model (2) to fix the three-dimensional heart model (2), so that the three-dimensional heart model (2) remains stable under the squeezing action of the heart assist beating mechanism (3).

5. The three-dimensional simulation device for cardiac surgery according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first valve (5), the third valve (6), the second valve (7), and the fourth valve (8) open in the same direction; The first valve (5), the third valve (6), the second valve (7) and the fourth valve (8) each include a support panel (101) that serves as a partition, and a through hole (102) located at the center of the support panel (101). At least two rubber panels (103) are hinged to the side surface of the support panel (101) at the position of the through hole (102). The area of ​​the rubber panels (103) is larger than the area of ​​the through hole (102). All the rubber panels (103) are combined to form a circle. The second valve (7) and the fourth valve (8) have metal circles (104) on the edges of the through holes (102). The rubber panel (103) has a magnetic sheet (105) on the side facing the through holes (102) that attracts the metal circles (104). The rubber panel (103) automatically resets under the mutual attraction of the metal circles (104) and the magnetic sheet (105) to close the through holes (102). The rubber panels (103) of the first valve (5) and the third valve (6) are connected to the edge of the through hole (102) by a compression spring (106). The rubber panels (103) automatically reset under the action of the compression spring (106) to open the through hole (102).

6. The three-dimensional simulation device for cardiac surgery according to claim 5, characterized in that, The two pull rope mechanisms (4) respectively include a first pull rope (41) disposed on each rubber panel (103) of the first valve (5), a third pull rope (43) disposed on each rubber panel (103) of the third valve (6), a second pull rope (42) disposed on each rubber panel (103) of the second valve (7), and a fourth pull rope (44) disposed on each rubber panel (103) of the fourth valve (8). All first tension ropes (41) and all third tension ropes (43) pass through the left ventricle (23) and are connected to the output shaft of the corresponding side push cylinder (31). All second tension ropes (42) and all fourth tension ropes (44) pass through the right ventricle (24) and are connected to the output shaft of the corresponding side push cylinder (31). When the push cylinder (31) squeezes the left ventricle (23) inward, the first tension ropes (41) and all third tension ropes (43) move in opposite directions synchronously to close the first valve (5) and open the third valve (6). When the push cylinder (31) squeezes the right ventricle (24) inward, the second tension ropes (42) and all fourth tension ropes (44) move in opposite directions synchronously to close the second valve (7) and open the fourth valve (8).

7. The three-dimensional simulation device for cardiac surgery according to claim 6, characterized in that, The arc-shaped cavity (1) has two fixed pulleys, a first fixed pulley (45) and a third fixed pulley (46), on the side of the left ventricle (23) at the same horizontal line. The arc-shaped cavity (1) also has two fixed pulleys, a second fixed pulley (47) and a fourth fixed pulley (48), on the side of the right ventricle (24) at the same horizontal line. The first fixed pulley (45) is closer to the left ventricle (23), and the third fixed pulley (46) is farther from the left ventricle (23). The second fixed pulley (47)... The first tension rope (41) and the third tension rope (43) pass through the first fixed pulley (45) and the third fixed pulley (46) respectively and are connected to the output shaft of the push cylinder (31). The second tension rope (42) and all the fourth tension ropes (44) pass through the second fixed pulley (47) and the fourth fixed pulley (48) respectively and are connected to the output shaft of the push cylinder (31).

8. A three-dimensional simulation device for cardiac surgery according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inner walls of the left ventricle (23) and the right ventricle (24) are provided with arc-shaped through grooves (11) corresponding to the positions of each of the rubber panels (103), and the left ventricle (23) and the right ventricle (24) are respectively provided with four gathering rings (12), and all the first tension ropes (41), the third tension ropes (43), the second tension ropes (42) and the fourth tension ropes (44) pass through the gathering rings (12) and gather together; The left atrium (21), left ventricle (23), right atrium (22) and right ventricle (24) are respectively provided with wire holes (13) for the first tension rope (41), the third tension rope (43), the second tension rope (42) and the fourth tension rope (44) to pass through.

9. A three-dimensional simulation device for cardiac surgery according to claim 7, characterized in that, The positions of the first fixed pulley (45), the third fixed pulley (46), the second fixed pulley (47) and the fourth fixed pulley (48) within the arc-shaped cavity (1) are adjustable. The push cylinder (31) extends and retracts by the same amplitude. The first tension rope (41) and the third tension rope (43), the second tension rope (42) and the fourth tension rope (44) exert different forces on the rubber panel (103). Furthermore, the closing and opening ranges of the first valve (5), the third valve (6), the second valve (7) and the fourth valve (8) are different.

10. A simulation method based on a stereoscopic simulation device for cardiac surgery according to any one of claims 2-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 100: Create a three-dimensional heart model and maintain the stability of the three-dimensional heart model; Step 200: Pump liquid into the inlet blood vessel of the three-dimensional heart model, reset the cardiac assist mechanism and restore the three-dimensional heart model to its original state, and control the direction of liquid flow inside the three-dimensional heart model through the rope mechanism to accumulate liquid in the left and right ventricles. Step 300: Use the heart-assisted beating mechanism to squeeze the three-dimensional heart model inward and control the direction of fluid flow inside the three-dimensional heart model through the rope mechanism to squeeze the fluid in the left and right ventricles of the three-dimensional heart model out of the blood vessels. Step 400: While keeping the cardiac assist mechanism unchanged, adjust the shape of the three-dimensional heart model and the tension of the rope mechanism to simulate heart disease. Step 500: Diagnose heart disease by comparing the inflow of fluid into the blood vessel and the outflow of fluid from the blood vessel.

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