A control system and method for a virtual power plant
By introducing a centralized control layer and a regional control layer into the virtual power plant, and utilizing 5G communication and time synchronization technology, the control cycle is decomposed and the execution effect is evaluated, thus solving the problem of the deviation between the scheduling result and the target and achieving a more efficient control effect.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GLOBAL ENERGY INTERCONNECTION RES INST CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2021-07-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
Smart Images
Figure CN115622026B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrical technology, specifically to a control system and method for a virtual power plant. Background Technology
[0002] Virtual power plants, serving as a convergence point for energy supply and consumption, utilize advanced information and communication technologies to aggregate distributed resources such as distributed power sources, electric vehicles, thermal (cold) storage, electrical energy storage, and hydrogen energy storage. Through a higher-level software architecture, they achieve coordinated and optimized operation of distributed resources, internally enabling proactive coordination and comprehensive consumption of clean energy, and externally exhibiting output characteristics similar to traditional power plants. They are an important means to achieve "two substitutions" and fulfill "dual carbon" goals.
[0003] The resources and communication networks aggregated by existing virtual power plants exhibit significant uncertainty, which contrasts sharply with the relative stability of their dispatching methods and strategies. Once a dispatching command is issued, its arrival or the actions of the controlled terminals are not considered. This leads to a large deviation between the dispatching results and the dispatching objectives. Summary of the Invention
[0004] Based on this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defect that the scheduling results of the prior art deviate greatly from the scheduling target, thereby providing a control system and method for a virtual power plant.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:
[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a control system for a virtual power plant. The control system includes a centralized control layer and a regional control layer, wherein the centralized control layer and the regional control layer are connected via 5G wireless communication, and the regional control layer includes a plurality of regional control units.
[0007] The centralized control layer is used to send the primary and backup control strategies of cross-regional control units to the regional control layer, and to receive the execution results from the terminals of each regional control unit, compare the execution results with the corresponding execution targets, and generate comparison results.
[0008] The regional control layer is used to generate primary and backup control strategies for the region based on the primary and backup control strategies of the cross-regional control unit sent by the centralized control layer and the controllability of each terminal, and to send them to each terminal for execution. At the same time, it determines whether to activate the backup strategies of the centralized control layer and the regional control layer based on the comparison results.
[0009] Optionally, the centralized control layer includes: a power grid dispatch center, an operation management and monitoring platform, and a centralized control module, wherein,
[0010] The power grid dispatch center is used to send dispatch tasks to the centralized control module;
[0011] The operation management and monitoring platform is used to monitor the execution results of the control unit terminals in each region in real time, compare the execution results with the corresponding execution targets, and generate comparison results. Both the local control module and the centralized control module of the control unit use the comparison results as the basis for whether to activate the backup control strategy.
[0012] The centralized control module is used to generate primary and backup control strategies for cross-regional control units based on scheduling tasks and the controllability of each terminal.
[0013] Optionally, the control unit includes: a local control module and several terminals, wherein,
[0014] The local control module is used to generate primary and backup control policies for the region and distribute them to each terminal for execution.
[0015] The terminal is used to model its own functional parameters, upload them to the local control module, and execute the primary and backup control strategies for the local area issued by the local control module.
[0016] Optionally, the centralized control layer and the regional control layer communicate via a 5G communication network; the terminal and the local control module communicate via a 5G communication network.
[0017] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a control method for a virtual power plant, based on the control system of the virtual power plant described in the first aspect of the embodiments, the method comprising:
[0018] Step S1: At the beginning of each control cycle, the centralized control module generates a corresponding control strategy based on the dispatching tasks of the power grid dispatch center and the controllability of each terminal reported by each local control module, and distributes it to each local control module. At the same time, it starts the centralized control layer sub-cycle timer t. c ;
[0019] Step S2: After receiving the control strategy from the centralized control module, the i-th local control module starts the sub-cycle timer t of the regional control layer. l (i) At the same time, control instructions for each terminal are generated according to the preset strategy library and sent out for execution;
[0020] Step S3: Sub-period timer t of the region control layer l (i) After the first preset time, the local control module determines whether the backup control strategy of the local control module has taken effect based on the comparison results of the operation management and monitoring platform;
[0021] Step S4: Centralized control layer sub-period timer tc After the second preset time has elapsed, the centralized control module determines whether its backup control strategy has taken effect based on the comparison results from the operation management and monitoring platform.
[0022] Optionally, when the backup control strategy of the local control module is fully effective, it waits for the next instruction from the centralized control module;
[0023] When the backup control strategy of the local control module has not fully taken effect, the sub-cycle timer t of the area control layer is started. l (i) Search for alternative control policies in the preset policy library and send them to the relevant terminals for execution.
[0024] Optionally, when the backup control strategy of the centralized control module is fully effective, it waits for the task from the scheduling center for the next scheduling cycle.
[0025] If the backup control strategy of the centralized control module has not fully taken effect, the sub-cycle timer t of the centralized control layer will be restarted. c The system searches for alternative control strategies between regions in the preset strategy library and sends them to the corresponding local control modules for execution. Step S4 is repeated until the scheduling objective is fully achieved or the next scheduling cycle begins.
[0026] Optionally, the centralized control layer sub-period timer t c =max(t2+t3+t4+t5),
[0027] Where t2 is the communication transmission delay of the control strategy from the centralized control module to the local control module, t3 is the processing delay of the local control module, t4 is the communication delay of the control instructions decomposed by the local control module to the corresponding controlled terminal, and t5 is the action delay of the controlled terminal.
[0028] Optionally, the sub-cycle timer t of the i-th region control unit of the region control layer l (i) = max(t4(i) + t5(i)), where,
[0029] t4(i) is the communication delay of the control command decomposed by the local control module of the i-th area control unit being transmitted to the corresponding controlled terminal, and t5(i) is the action delay of the controlled terminal.
[0030] Optionally, the terminal's own functional parameters include:
[0031] The terminal's current state Ps: 0 - indicates power consumption; 1 - indicates power generation;
[0032] The target state P that the terminal can reach in the next scheduling cycle t : 0 - indicates electricity consumption; 1 - indicates electricity generation;
[0033] The maximum output P that the terminal can provide in the corresponding state w Positive values represent power generation capacity, and negative values represent power consumption capacity.
[0034] The time T for the terminal to reach the target state with maximum output from the current state. cov .
[0035] The technical solution of this invention has the following advantages:
[0036] 1. The virtual power plant control system and method provided by this invention divides the original control architecture into a centralized control layer and a regional control layer for different areas. Taking into account factors such as communication latency and terminal execution latency, the control cycle is decomposed into shorter sub-cycles. At the end of each sub-cycle, the actual effect is considered to determine whether to start the optimized control of the next sub-cycle, so as to make the execution of the control strategy more flexible. By introducing backup control strategies in the regional control layer and the centralized control layer, the control effect is made as close as possible to the final scheduling target.
[0037] 2. The control system and method for the virtual power plant provided by this invention communicates via 5G. Based on the 5G network, there is a time synchronization device that can measure the communication latency of the link. Other types of communication networks require the deployment of dedicated measurement devices to measure the communication latency. Attached Figure Description
[0038] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.
[0039] Figure 1 A schematic block diagram illustrating a specific example of a control system for a virtual power plant provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0040] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a specific example of a control system method for a virtual power plant provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0041] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0042] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0043] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can also refer to the internal connection of two components; and they can refer to a wireless connection or a wired connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0044] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
[0045] Example 1
[0046] This invention provides a control system for a virtual power plant, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the control system includes a centralized control layer and a regional control layer. The regional control layer includes several regional control units. The centralized control layer and the regional control layer communicate with each other via a 5G communication network. The terminal and the local control module also communicate via a 5G communication network. This 5G communication network provides information exchange between modules and global time synchronization between modules to facilitate channel delay measurement. This is just an example and not a limitation; in practical applications, the appropriate communication connection method should be selected according to actual needs, but a means of measuring channel delay is required.
[0047] In this embodiment of the invention, the centralized control layer sends primary and backup control strategies for cross-regional control units to the regional control layer. The regional control layer generates primary and backup control strategies for its own region based on the primary and backup control strategies sent by the centralized control layer and the controllability of each terminal. These control strategies are then sent to each terminal for execution. The centralized control layer receives the execution results from each regional control unit terminal, compares the results with the corresponding execution targets, and generates a comparison result. The regional control layer determines whether to activate the backup strategies of both the centralized and regional control layers based on the comparison result. The execution targets are not limited here and are determined according to the actual situation.
[0048] In this embodiment of the invention, the centralized control layer includes: a power grid dispatch center, an operation management and monitoring platform, and a centralized control module. The power grid dispatch center is used to send dispatch tasks to the centralized control module. Specifically, the power grid dispatch center formulates corresponding dispatch plans based on the functional parameters reported by each virtual power plant and issues dispatch requests to the virtual power plant centralized control module.
[0049] The operation management and monitoring platform is used to monitor the execution results of the control unit terminals in each region in real time. It compares the execution results with the corresponding execution targets, generating a comparison result. Both the local control module and the centralized control module of the control unit use this comparison result as the basis for whether to activate the backup control strategy. The centralized control module generates primary and backup control strategies for cross-regional control units based on the scheduling tasks and the controllability of each terminal, and distributes them to the local modules for execution. The execution targets are not limited here and are determined according to the actual situation.
[0050] In this embodiment of the invention, the control unit includes a local control module and several terminals. The local control module generates primary and backup control policies for the local area and distributes them to each terminal for execution. Each terminal models its own functional parameters, uploads the models to the local control module, and executes the primary and backup control policies for the local area distributed by the local control module.
[0051] In this embodiment of the invention, the control system belonging to the virtual power plant is divided into two levels: a centralized control layer and a regional control layer. The centralized control module, located in the centralized control layer, is primarily responsible for formulating and implementing cross-regional resource control strategies. The local control module, along with various controlled terminals (electric vehicles, building air conditioners, wind turbines, solar panels, energy storage batteries, etc.) within its jurisdiction, belongs to the regional control layer. The local control module is responsible for formulating resource control strategies within its jurisdiction, and the controlled terminals accept and implement the control strategies from the local control module within their respective jurisdictions.
[0052] In this embodiment of the invention, since communication transmission latency and device processing latency are both used as the basis for calculating the control sub-cycle, the devices involved in this system (central control module, local control module, and controlled terminal) should support the measurement of communication channel latency and local processing latency. The central control module and local control module should also be able to provide millisecond-level global time synchronization between modules based on the time synchronization mechanism built into the 5G network.
[0053] In one specific embodiment, the operation management and monitoring platform can monitor the execution results of control strategies issued by the local control module and the centralized monitoring module in real time, compare them with the objectives of the control strategies, and promptly feed back the comparison results to the corresponding modules as the basis for whether to activate the backup control strategy. For example, the task issued to local control module 1 is to generate 200MW of output within this control cycle. However, when the sub-cycle timer of local control module 1 expires, it is found that only 150MW of output has been generated. The 50MW output gap is due to a wind turbine under the control of local control module 1 not generating electricity. At this time, the platform needs to notify local control module 1 of the 50MW output gap and the number of the wind turbine that did not generate electricity according to the strategy. When local control module 1 still has a 30MW gap after adopting the backup control strategy, the operation management and monitoring platform notifies the centralized control module of this 30MW gap and the relevant local control module 1. The centralized module will match the backup control strategy in the preset strategy library and select other local control modules within its jurisdiction to meet the initial scheduling requirements. The preset strategy library is not limited here; in actual applications, the appropriate strategy library is selected according to actual needs.
[0054] This invention provides a control system for a virtual power plant. The power grid dispatch center formulates corresponding dispatch plans based on the functional parameters of each virtual power plant and issues dispatch requests to the centralized control module of the virtual power plant. The centralized control module formulates cross-regional primary and backup control strategies based on the dispatch requests and issues them to local modules for execution. Local control modules select the primary and backup control strategies for their respective regions based on the control strategies issued by the centralized control module and issue them for execution. All modules are connected via a 5G communication network, providing information exchange and global time synchronization between modules. The operation management and monitoring platform is responsible for monitoring the execution effects of the control strategies at both the regional and centralized control levels and providing feedback to the corresponding control modules as a basis for deciding whether to activate the backup control strategy. This ensures that the control effect closely matches the final dispatch objective.
[0055] Example 2
[0056] This invention provides a control method for a virtual power plant, based on the control system of the virtual power plant in Embodiment 1, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the control method includes the following steps:
[0057] Step S1: At the beginning of each control cycle, the centralized control module generates a corresponding control strategy based on the dispatching tasks of the power grid dispatch center and the controllability of each terminal reported by each local control module, and distributes it to each local control module. At the same time, it starts the centralized control layer sub-cycle timer t. c .
[0058] In this embodiment of the invention, at the beginning of each control cycle, the centralized control module generates a corresponding control strategy based on the scheduling tasks received from the scheduling center and the capabilities reported by each local module, and then issues it for execution. Simultaneously, a sub-cycle timer t of the centralized control layer is started. c Currently, the scheduling tasks issued from the dispatch center are near real-time, with a minimum cycle of 15 minutes. This is just an example and not a limitation; in actual applications, the appropriate cycle should be selected based on specific needs. To ensure the achievement of scheduling objectives, a sub-cycle timer t is introduced at the centralized control layer. c If the control effect in each region fails to meet the objectives of the primary control strategy, a cross-regional backup control strategy will be activated in the next sub-cycle. Taking the above example, if there is still a 30MW shortfall after local control module 1 adopts the backup control strategy, the operation management and monitoring platform will notify the centralized control module of this 30MW shortfall and the relevant local control module 1. The centralized module will then match the backup control strategy in the strategy library and select other local control modules within its jurisdiction to meet the initial scheduling requirements.
[0059] Step S2: After receiving the control strategy from the centralized control module, the i-th local control module starts the sub-cycle timer t of the regional control layer. l (i) At the same time, control commands for each terminal are generated according to the preset strategy library and sent out for execution.
[0060] Step S3: Sub-period timer t of the region control layer l (i) After the first preset time, the local control module determines whether the backup control strategy of the local control module is effective based on the comparison results of the operation management and monitoring platform.
[0061] In this embodiment of the invention, the region control layer sub-period timer t l (i) Upon expiration, the local control module determines whether the local control policy has taken effect based on feedback from the operation management and monitoring platform: if the control policy is fully effective, it waits for the next instruction from the centralized control module. If the control policy is not fully effective, it starts the regional control layer sub-cycle timer t. l(i) Search for backup control policies in the local policy library and distribute them to the relevant terminals for execution. Even if the primary control policy in this region is fully effective, the control policies in other regions may still fail, so it is still possible to initiate a new round of scheduling through the centralized control module later. In addition, considering the real-time nature of the control policies and the control capabilities of each region, the backup control policy is only allowed to be executed once within each region.
[0062] Step S4: Centralized control layer sub-period timer t c After the second preset time has elapsed, the centralized control module determines whether its backup control strategy has taken effect based on the comparison results from the operation management and monitoring platform.
[0063] In this embodiment of the invention, the centralized control layer sub-period timer t c Upon expiration, feedback from the operation management and monitoring platform determines whether the initial control strategy has taken effect. If the control strategy is fully effective, it waits for tasks from the scheduling center for the next scheduling cycle. If the control strategy is not fully effective, the control layer sub-cycle timer t is restarted. c The system searches for inter-region backup control policies in the local policy library and issues them to the relevant local control modules for execution. S4 is repeated until the scheduling objective is fully achieved or the next scheduling cycle begins.
[0064] In one specific embodiment, at the beginning of each control cycle, the centralized control module generates cross-domain primary and backup control policies based on the scheduling tasks received from the scheduling center and the controllable capabilities of the terminals reported by each local module, and distributes the primary control policy to the local control modules in each region for execution. Simultaneously, a sub-cycle timer for the centralized control layer is started. Upon receiving the primary control policy from the centralized control module, the local control module, while starting the sub-cycle timer for the regional control layer, matches the primary control policy in the policy library and generates control commands for individual terminals, which are then distributed and executed.
[0065] After the regional control layer sub-cycle timer expires, the decision on whether to activate the backup control strategy in the next sub-cycle is based on whether the local control strategy has fully taken effect. Considering the real-time nature of the control strategy and the control capabilities of each region, the backup control strategy is only allowed to be executed once per region. After the centralized control layer sub-cycle timer expires, the centralized control module decides whether to activate the backup control strategy based on whether the overall control results have achieved the scheduling task objectives, until the objectives of the scheduling center are achieved, or the current control cycle ends.
[0066] The virtual power plant control method provided in this invention divides the original scheduling cycle into shorter time-scale control cycles. At the end of each control cycle, the method evaluates the control effect to determine whether to activate a backup control strategy. Compared with traditional methods, this method offers greater control flexibility and better meets the requirements of the initial scheduling task.
[0067] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.
Claims
1. A control method for a virtual power plant, characterized in that, A control system applied to a virtual power plant, comprising: a centralized control layer and a regional control layer, wherein the centralized control layer and the regional control layer are connected via 5G wireless communication; the regional control layer includes several regional control units; wherein the centralized control layer is used to send primary and backup control strategies of cross-regional control units to the regional control layer, and receive execution results from the terminals of each regional control unit, compare the execution results with the corresponding execution targets, and generate comparison results; the regional control layer is used to generate primary and backup control strategies for its own region based on the primary and backup control strategies of cross-regional control units sent by the centralized control layer and the controllability of each terminal, and distribute them to each terminal for execution, and simultaneously determine whether to activate the backup strategies of the centralized control layer and the regional control layer based on the comparison results; the method includes: Step S1: At the beginning of each control cycle, the centralized control module generates a corresponding control strategy based on the dispatching tasks of the power grid dispatch center and the controllability of each terminal reported by each local control module, and distributes it to each local control module. At the same time, it starts the centralized control layer sub-cycle timer t. c ; Step S2: After receiving the control strategy from the centralized control module, the i-th local control module starts the sub-cycle timer t of the regional control layer. l (i) At the same time, control instructions for each terminal are generated according to the preset strategy library and sent out for execution; Step S3: Sub-period timer t of the region control layer l (i) After the first preset time, the local control module determines whether the backup control strategy of the local control module has taken effect based on the comparison results of the operation management and monitoring platform; Step S4: Centralized control layer sub-period timer t c After the second preset time has elapsed, the centralized control module determines whether its backup control strategy has taken effect based on the comparison results from the operation management and monitoring platform.
2. The control method for a virtual power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that, Once the backup control strategy of the local control module is fully effective, it awaits the next instruction from the centralized control module. When the backup control strategy of the local control module has not fully taken effect, the sub-cycle timer t of the area control layer is started. l (i) Search for alternative control policies in the preset policy library and send them to the relevant terminals for execution.
3. The control method for a virtual power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the backup control strategy of the centralized control module is fully effective, it waits for the task from the scheduling center for the next scheduling cycle. If the backup control strategy of the centralized control module has not fully taken effect, the sub-cycle timer t of the centralized control layer will be restarted. c The system searches for alternative control strategies between regions in the preset strategy library and sends them to the corresponding local control modules for execution. Step S4 is repeated until the scheduling objective is fully achieved or the next scheduling cycle begins.
4. The control method for a virtual power plant according to claim 3, characterized in that, The centralized control layer sub-period timer t c =max(t2+t3+t4+t5), Where t2 is the communication transmission delay of the control strategy from the centralized control module to the local control module, t3 is the processing delay of the local control module, t4 is the communication delay of the control instructions decomposed by the local control module to the corresponding controlled terminal, and t5 is the action delay of the controlled terminal.
5. The control method for a virtual power plant according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sub-cycle timer t of the i-th region control unit of the region control layer l (i)=max(t4(i)+t5(i)), where, t4(i) is the communication delay of the control command decomposed by the local control module of the i-th area control unit being transmitted to the corresponding controlled terminal, and t5(i) is the action delay of the controlled terminal.
6. The control method for a virtual power plant according to claim 5, characterized in that, The terminal's own functional parameters include: The terminal's current state Ps: 0 - indicates power consumption; 1 - indicates power generation; The target state P that the terminal can reach in the next scheduling cycle t : 0 - indicates electricity consumption; 1 - indicates electricity generation; The maximum output Pw that the terminal can provide in the corresponding state: a positive value represents the power generation capacity, and a negative value represents the power consumption capacity. The time Tcov for the terminal to reach the target state with maximum output from its current state.